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159 lines
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159 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
如何在 Debian Linux 上设置和配置网桥
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=====
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Q:我是一个新 Debian Linux 用户,我想为 Debian Linux 上运行的虚拟化环境(KVM)设置网桥。那么我该如何在 Debian Linux 9.x 服务器上的 `/etc/network/interfaces` 中设置桥接网络呢?
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如何你想为你的虚拟机分配 IP 地址并使其可从你的局域网访问,则需要设置网络桥接器。默认情况下,虚拟机使用 KVM 创建的专用网桥。但你需要手动设置接口,避免与网络管理员发生冲突。
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### 怎样安装 brctl
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输入以下 [apt-get 命令][1]:
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```
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$ sudo apt install bridge-utils
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```
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### 怎样在 Debian Linux 上设置网桥
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你需要编辑 `/etc/network/interface` 文件。不过,我建议在 `/etc/network/interface.d/` 目录下放置一个全新的配置。在 Debian Linux 配置网桥的过程如下:
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#### 步骤 1 - 找出你的物理接口
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使用 [ip 命令][2]:
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```
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$ ip -f inet a s
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```
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示例输出如下:
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```
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2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
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inet 192.168.2.23/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eno1
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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```
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`eno1` 是我的物理网卡。
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#### 步骤 2 - 更新 /etc/network/interface 文件
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确保只有 `lo`(loopback 在 `/etc/network/interface` 中处于活动状态)。(LCTT 译注:loopback 指本地环回接口,也称为回送地址)删除与 `eno1` 相关的任何配置。这是我使用 [cat 命令][3] 打印的配置文件:
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```
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$ cat /etc/network/interface
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```
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```
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# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
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# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
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source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
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# The loopback network interface
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auto lo
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iface lo inet loopback
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```
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#### 步骤 3 - 在 /etc/network/interfaces.d/br0 中配置网桥(br0)
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使用文本编辑器创建一个文本文件,比如 `vi` 命令:
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```
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$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/br0
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```
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在其中添加配置:
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```
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## static ip config file for br0 ##
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auto br0
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iface br0 inet static
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address 192.168.2.23
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broadcast 192.168.2.255
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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gateway 192.168.2.254
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# If the resolvconf package is installed, you should not edit
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# the resolv.conf configuration file manually. Set name server here
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#dns-nameservers 192.168.2.254
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# If you have muliple interfaces such as eth0 and eth1
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# bridge_ports eth0 eth1
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bridge_ports eno1
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bridge_stp off # disable Spanning Tree Protocol
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bridge_waitport 0 # no delay before a port becomes available
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bridge_fd 0 # no forwarding delay
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```
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如果你想使用 DHCP 来获得 IP 地址:
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```
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## DHCP ip config file for br0 ##
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auto br0
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# Bridge setup
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iface br0 inet dhcp
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bridge_ports eno1
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```
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[在 vi/vim 中保存并关闭文件][4]。
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#### 步骤 4 - 重新启动网络服务
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在重新启动网络服务之前,请确保防火墙已关闭。防火墙可能会引用较老的接口,例如 `eno1`。一旦服务重新启动,你必须更新 `br0` 接口的防火墙规则。键入以下命令重新启动防火墙:
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```
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$ sudo systemctl restart network-manager
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```
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确认服务已经重新启动:
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```
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$ systemctl status network-manager
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```
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借助 [ip 命令][2]寻找新的 `br0` 接口和路由表:
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```
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$ ip a s $ ip r $ ping -c 2 cyberciti.biz
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```
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示例输出:
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![](https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/02/How-to-setup-and-configure-network-bridge-on-Debian-Linux.jpg)
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你可以使用 brctl 命令查看网桥有关信息:
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```
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$ brctl show
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```
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显示当前网桥:
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```
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$ bridge link
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```
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![](https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/02/Show-current-bridges-and-what-interfaces-they-are-connected-to-on-Linux.jpg)
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### 关于作者
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作者是 nixCraft 的创建者,也是经验丰富的系统管理员,DevOps 工程师以及 Linux 操作系统/ Unix shell 脚本的培训师。通过订阅 [RSS/XML 流][6] 或者 [每周邮件推送][7]获得关于 SysAdmin, Linux/Unix 和开源主题的最新教程。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-configuring-bridging-in-debian-linux/
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作者:[Vivek GIte][a]
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译者:[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html (See Linux/Unix apt-get command examples for more info)
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[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-ip-command-examples-usage-syntax/ (See Linux/Unix ip command examples for more info)
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[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-appleosx-bsd-cat-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix cat command examples for more info)
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[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-vim-save-and-quit-command/
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[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-restart-network-interface/
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[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/atom/atom.xml
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[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/subscribe-to-weekly-linux-unix-newsletter-for-sysadmin/
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