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279 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
279 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
ssh_scan：远程验证你 SSH 服务的配置和策略
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============================================================
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`ssh_scan` 是一个面向 Linux 和 UNIX 服务器的易用的 SSH 服务参数配置和策略的扫描器程序，其思路来自[Mozilla OpenSSH 安全指南][6]，这个指南为 SSH 服务参数配置提供了一个可靠的安全策略基线的建议，如加密算法（Ciphers），报文认证信息码算法（MAC），密钥交换算法（KexAlgos）和其它。
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`ssh_scan` 有如下好处：
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* 它的依赖是最小化的，`ssh_scan` 只引入了本地 Ruby 和 BinData 来进行它的工作，没有太多的依赖。
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* 它是可移植的，你可以在其它的项目中使用 `ssh_scan` 或者将它用在[自动化任务][1]上。
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* 它是易于使用的，只需要简单的将它指向一个 SSH 服务就可以获得一个该服务所支持的选项和策略状态的 JSON 格式报告。
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* 它同时也是易于配置的，你可以创建适合你策略需求的策略。
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**建议阅读:** [如何在 Linux 上安装配置 OpenSSH 服务][7]
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### 如何在 Linux 上安装 ssh_scan
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有如下三种安装 `ssh_scan` 的方式：
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使用 Ruby gem 来安装运行，如下：
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```
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----------- 在 Debian/Ubuntu -----------
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$ sudo apt-get install ruby gem
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$ sudo gem install ssh_scan
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----------- 在 CentOS/RHEL -----------
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# yum install ruby rubygem
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# gem install ssh_scan
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```
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使用[docker 容器][8]来运行，如下：
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```
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# docker pull mozilla/ssh_scan
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# docker run -it mozilla/ssh_scan /app/bin/ssh_scan -t github.com
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```
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使用源码安装运行，如下：
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```
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# git clone https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan.git
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# cd ssh_scan
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# gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
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# curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
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# rvm install 2.3.1
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# rvm use 2.3.1
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# gem install bundler
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# bundle install
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# ./bin/ssh_scan
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```
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### 如何在 Linux 上使用 ssh_scan
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使用 `ssh_scan` 的语法如下：
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```
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$ ssh_scan -t ip地址
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$ ssh_scan -t 主机名
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```
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举个例子来扫描 192.168.43.198 这台服务器的 SSH 配置和策略，键入：
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```
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$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198
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```
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注意你同时也可以像下方展示的给 `-t` 选项传入一个[IP地址/地址段/主机名]：
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```
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$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198,200,205
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$ ssh_scan -t test.tecmint.lan
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```
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输出示例：
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```
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I, [2017-05-09T10:36:17.913644 #7145] INFO -- : You're using the latest version of ssh_scan 0.0.19
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[
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{
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"ssh_scan_version": "0.0.19",
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"ip": "192.168.43.198",
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"port": 22,
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"server_banner": "SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1",
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"ssh_version": 2.0,
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"os": "ubuntu",
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"os_cpe": "o:canonical:ubuntu:16.04",
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"ssh_lib": "openssh",
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"ssh_lib_cpe": "a:openssh:openssh:7.2p2",
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"cookie": "68b17bcca652eeaf153ed18877770a38",
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"key_algorithms": [
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"curve25519-sha256@libssh.org",
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"ecdh-sha2-nistp256",
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"ecdh-sha2-nistp384",
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"ecdh-sha2-nistp521",
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"diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256",
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"diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"
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],
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"server_host_key_algorithms": [
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"ssh-rsa",
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"rsa-sha2-512",
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"rsa-sha2-256",
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"ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
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"ssh-ed25519"
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],
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"encryption_algorithms_client_to_server": [
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"chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
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"aes128-ctr",
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"aes192-ctr",
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"aes256-ctr",
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"aes128-gcm@openssh.com",
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"aes256-gcm@openssh.com"
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],
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"encryption_algorithms_server_to_client": [
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"chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
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"aes128-ctr",
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"aes192-ctr",
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"aes256-ctr",
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"aes128-gcm@openssh.com",
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"aes256-gcm@openssh.com"
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],
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"mac_algorithms_client_to_server": [
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"umac-64-etm@openssh.com",
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"umac-128-etm@openssh.com",
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"hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com",
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"hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com",
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"hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com",
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"umac-64@openssh.com",
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"umac-128@openssh.com",
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"hmac-sha2-256",
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"hmac-sha2-512",
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"hmac-sha1"
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],
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"mac_algorithms_server_to_client": [
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"umac-64-etm@openssh.com",
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"umac-128-etm@openssh.com",
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"hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com",
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"hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com",
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"hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com",
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"umac-64@openssh.com",
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"umac-128@openssh.com",
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"hmac-sha2-256",
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"hmac-sha2-512",
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"hmac-sha1"
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],
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"compression_algorithms_client_to_server": [
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"none",
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"zlib@openssh.com"
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],
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"compression_algorithms_server_to_client": [
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"none",
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"zlib@openssh.com"
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],
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"languages_client_to_server": [
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],
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"languages_server_to_client": [
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],
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"hostname": "tecmint",
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"auth_methods": [
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"publickey",
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"password"
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],
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"fingerprints": {
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"rsa": {
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"known_bad": "false",
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"md5": "0e:d0:d7:11:f0:9b:f8:33:9c:ab:26:77:e5:66:9e:f4",
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"sha1": "fc:8d:d5:a1:bf:52:48:a6:7e:f9:a6:2f:af:ca:e2:f0:3a:9a:b7:fa",
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"sha256": "ff:00:b4:a4:40:05:19:27:7c:33:aa:db:a6:96:32:88:8e:bf:05:a1:81:c0:a4:a8:16:01:01:0b:20:37:81:11"
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}
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},
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"start_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:17 +0300",
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"end_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:18 +0300",
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"scan_duration_seconds": 0.221573169,
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"duplicate_host_key_ips": [
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],
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"compliance": {
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"policy": "Mozilla Modern",
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"compliant": false,
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"recommendations": [
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"Remove these Key Exchange Algos: diffie-hellman-group14-sha1",
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"Remove these MAC Algos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com, hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com, umac-64@openssh.com, hmac-sha1",
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"Remove these Authentication Methods: password"
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],
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"references": [
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"https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/OpenSSH"
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]
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}
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}
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]
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```
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你可以使用 `-p` 选项来指定不同的端口，`-L` 选项来开启日志记录配合 `-V` 选项来指定日志级别：
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```
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$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -p 22222 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO
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```
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另外，可以使用 `-P` 或 `--policy` 选项来指定一个策略文件（默认是 Mozilla Modern）（LCTT 译注：这里的 Modern 可能指的是 https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS 中提到的 Modern compatibility ）：
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```
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$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO -P /path/to/custom/policy/file
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```
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ssh_scan 使用帮助与其它示例：
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```
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$ ssh_scan -h
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```
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输出示例：
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```
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ssh_scan v0.0.17 (https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan)
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Usage: ssh_scan [options]
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-t, --target [IP/Range/Hostname] IP/Ranges/Hostname to scan
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-f, --file [FilePath] File Path of the file containing IP/Range/Hostnames to scan
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-T, --timeout [seconds] Timeout per connect after which ssh_scan gives up on the host
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-L, --logger [Log File Path] Enable logger
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-O, --from_json [FilePath] File to read JSON output from
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-o, --output [FilePath] File to write JSON output to
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-p, --port [PORT] Port (Default: 22)
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-P, --policy [FILE] Custom policy file (Default: Mozilla Modern)
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--threads [NUMBER] Number of worker threads (Default: 5)
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--fingerprint-db [FILE] File location of fingerprint database (Default: ./fingerprints.db)
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--suppress-update-status Do not check for updates
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-u, --unit-test [FILE] Throw appropriate exit codes based on compliance status
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-V [STD_LOGGING_LEVEL],
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--verbosity
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-v, --version Display just version info
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-h, --help Show this message
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Examples:
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ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1
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ssh_scan -t server.example.com
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ssh_scan -t ::1
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ssh_scan -t ::1 -T 5
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ssh_scan -f hosts.txt
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ssh_scan -o output.json
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ssh_scan -O output.json -o rescan_output.json
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ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222
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ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222 -L output.log -V INFO
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ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -P custom_policy.yml
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ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 --unit-test -P custom_policy.yml
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```
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SSH 服务器相关参考阅读：
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1. [使用 SSH Keygen（ssh-keygen）五步实现 SSH 免密登录][2]
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2. [安全 SSH 服务器的 5 个最佳实践][3]
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3. [使用 Chroot 来限制 SSH 用户进入某些目录][4]
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4. [如何配置 SSH 连接来简化远程登录][5]
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如果需要更详细的信息可以访问 `ssh_scan` 的 Github 仓库：[https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan][9]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Aaron Kili 是 Linux 与 F.O.S.S （自由及开源软件）爱好者，一位将来的 Linux 系统管理员，网站开发者，现在是一个热爱与计算机一起工作并且拥有强烈知识分信念的 TecMint 内容贡献者。
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------------------
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via: https://www.tecmint.com/ssh_scan-ssh-configuration-and-policy-scanner-for-linux/
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作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
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译者：[wcnnbdk1](https://github.com/wcnnbdk1)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[1]:https://www.tecmint.com/automating-linux-system-administration-tasks/
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[2]:https://www.tecmint.com/ssh-passwordless-login-using-ssh-keygen-in-5-easy-steps/
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[3]:https://www.tecmint.com/5-best-practices-to-secure-and-protect-ssh-server/
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[4]:https://www.tecmint.com/restrict-ssh-user-to-directory-using-chrooted-jail/
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[5]:https://www.tecmint.com/configure-custom-ssh-connection-in-linux/
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[6]:https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/OpenSSH
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[7]:https://www.tecmint.com/install-openssh-server-in-linux/
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[8]:https://www.tecmint.com/install-docker-and-learn-containers-in-centos-rhel-7-6/
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[9]:https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan
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[15]:https://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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