mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-23 21:20:42 +08:00
330 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
330 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
使用 Axel 命令行下载器/加速器加速下载
|
||
============================================================
|
||
|
||
[Axel][7] 是一个轻量级下载程序,它和其他加速器一样,对同一个文件建立多个连接,每个连接下载单独的文件片段以更快地完成下载。
|
||
|
||
Axel 支持 HTTP、HTTPS、FTP 和 FTPS 协议。它也可以使用多个镜像站点下载单个文件,所以,Axel 可以加速下载高达 40%(大约,我个人认为)。它非常轻量级,因为它没有依赖并且使用非常少的 CPU 和内存。
|
||
|
||
Axel 一步到位地将所有数据直接下载到目标文件(LCTT 译注:而不是像其它的下载软件那样下载成多个文件块,然后拼接)。
|
||
|
||
**注意**:不支持在单条命令中下载两个文件。
|
||
|
||
你还可以尝试其他命令行下载管理器/加速器。
|
||
|
||
* [aria2 - 超快速下载程序] [1]
|
||
* [wget - 标准命令行下载程序] [2]
|
||
* [curl - 命令行下载程序] [3]
|
||
* [Linux 下的最好的 4 个命令行下载管理器/加速器] [4]
|
||
|
||
大多数发行版(Debian、Ubuntu、Mint、Fedora、suse、openSUSE、Arch Linux、Manjaro、Mageia 等)都有 axel 包,所以我们可以从发行版官方仓库轻松安装。对于 CentOS/RHEL,我们需要启用 [EPEL Repository][5]。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
[在 Debian/Ubuntu/LinuxMint 上安装 Axel]
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install axel
|
||
|
||
[在 RHEL/CentOS 上安装 Axel]
|
||
$ sudo yum install axel
|
||
|
||
[在 Fedora 上安装 Axel]
|
||
$ sudo dnf install axel
|
||
|
||
[在 openSUSE 上安装 Axel]
|
||
$ sudo zypper install axel
|
||
|
||
[在 Mageia 上安装 Axel]
|
||
$ sudo urpmi axel
|
||
|
||
[在基于 Arch Linux 的发行版安装 Axel]
|
||
$ sudo pacman -S axel
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 1) 下载单个文件
|
||
|
||
以下命令将从给定的 URL 下载文件并存储在当前目录中,下载文件时,我们可以看到文件的信息(建立的连接数、下载速度、下载进度、完成下载所花费的时间以及连接完成的时间)。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# axel https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Initializing download: https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
File size: 22678208 bytes
|
||
Opening output file owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Starting download
|
||
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 146.7KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 267.0KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 373.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 406.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 487.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 572.6KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 650.7KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 649.3KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 718.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 2%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 769.3KB/s]
|
||
[ 2%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 838.7KB/s]
|
||
[ 2%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 866.0KB/s]
|
||
Connection 0 finished
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [5721.0KB/s]
|
||
Connection 2 finished
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [5733.4KB/s]
|
||
Connection 1 finished
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [5745.4KB/s]
|
||
[100%] .......... .......... .......... .......... ......
|
||
|
||
Downloaded 21.6 megabytes in 3 seconds. (5755.94 KB/s)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 2) 用不同的名称保存文件
|
||
|
||
要使用其他名称来保存文件,启动下载时可以添加 `-o`(小写字母)选项和文件名。这里我们使用文件名 `owncloud.tar.bz2` 来保存文件。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# axel -o cloud.tar.bz2 https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Initializing download: https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
File size: 22678208 bytes
|
||
Opening output file cloud.tar.bz2
|
||
Starting download
|
||
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 143.0KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 264.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 309.8KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 406.3KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 495.4KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 586.3KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 673.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 647.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 721.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 2%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 781.3KB/s]
|
||
Connection 2 finished
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
Connection 0 finished
|
||
[ 98%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [6221.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 98%] .......... .......... .....
|
||
Connection 1 finished
|
||
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,..... .......... .......... [6145.6KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [6159.2KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [6172.0KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [5977.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [5989.6KB/s]
|
||
[100%] .......... .......... .......... .......... ......
|
||
|
||
Downloaded 21.6 megabytes in 3 seconds. (6001.05 KB/s)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 3) 限制下载速度
|
||
|
||
默认情况下 axel 以字节/秒为单位设置下载文件的最大速度。当我们的网络连接速度较慢时,可以使用此选项。只需添加 `-s` 选项,后面跟字节值。这里我们要限速 `512 KB/s` 下载一个文件。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# axel -s 512000 https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Initializing download: https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
File size: 22678208 bytes
|
||
Opening output file owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Starting download
|
||
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 141.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 266.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 308.0KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 405.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 496.7KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 526.4KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 507.0KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 505.6KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 504.8KB/s]
|
||
[ 2%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 503.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 2%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 503.4KB/s]
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 497.0KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 496.9KB/s]
|
||
[100%] .......... ..
|
||
Connection 0 finished
|
||
,,,,,,,,,, ,,.....
|
||
Connection 1 finished
|
||
Connection 3 finished
|
||
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,... .......... .......... ......
|
||
|
||
Downloaded 21.6 megabytes in 44 seconds. (494.54 KB/s)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 4) 限制连接数
|
||
|
||
axel 默认建立 4 个连接以从不同的镜像获取文件。此外,我们可以通过使用 `-n` 选项添加更多的连接,后跟连接数 `10` 来提高下载速度。保险起见,我们添加了十个连接,但不幸的是,它花了更多时间来下载文件。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# axel -n 10 https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Initializing download: https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
File size: 22678208 bytes
|
||
Opening output file owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Starting download
|
||
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 140.8KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 265.7KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 305.4KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 402.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 496.3KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 522.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 567.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 640.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 710.8KB/s]
|
||
[ 2%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 780.5KB/s]
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
[ 98%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [7544.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 98%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [7557.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 98%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [7570.4KB/s]
|
||
[ 98%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [7495.3KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... ......
|
||
Connection 2 finished
|
||
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,.... [7311.6KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [7318.9KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
|
||
Connection 9 finished
|
||
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, [7331.0KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... ..........
|
||
Connection 3 finished
|
||
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, .......... [4300.7KB/s]
|
||
[100%] .......... .......... .......... .......... ......
|
||
|
||
Downloaded 21.6 megabytes in 5 seconds. (4109.41 KB/s)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 5) 恢复未完成的下载
|
||
|
||
axel 默认具有恢复未完成的下载的行为。Axel 在下载文件时定期更新状态文件(扩展名为 `.st`)。由于某些原因,下载中途停止了?不用担心,只要使用相同的 axel 命令,它将会检查 `file` 和 `file.st`,如果找到,它会从停止处恢复下载。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# axel https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Initializing download: https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
File size: 22678208 bytes
|
||
Opening output file owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Starting download
|
||
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 140.8KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 265.7KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 305.4KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 402.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 496.3KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 522.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 567.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 640.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 710.8KB/s]
|
||
[ 2%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 780.5KB/s]
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
[ 84%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [7100.7KB/s]
|
||
[ 84%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [7104.3KB/s]
|
||
[ 84%] .......... .......... .......... .^C
|
||
|
||
Downloaded 18.3 megabytes in 2 seconds. (7009.79 KB/s)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
上面的输出清晰地显示了在下载断开时有两个文件 `owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2` 和 `owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2.st`。当重新开始下载时,它会从停止处开始下载。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# ls -lh
|
||
total 19M
|
||
-rw------- 1 root root 22M Dec 27 08:33 owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
-rw------- 1 root root 44 Dec 27 08:33 owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2.st
|
||
|
||
# axel https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Initializing download: https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
File size: 22678208 bytes
|
||
Opening output file owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
State file found: 19180828 bytes downloaded, 3497380 to go.
|
||
Starting download
|
||
|
||
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,......... .......... [ 66.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 84%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 186.0KB/s]
|
||
[ 85%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 241.7KB/s]
|
||
[ 85%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 335.6KB/s]
|
||
[ 85%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 351.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 85%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 427.1KB/s]
|
||
[ 85%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 427.4KB/s]
|
||
[ 86%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 491.5KB/s]
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
[ 98%] ...
|
||
Connection 0 finished
|
||
,,,....... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2106.6KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2140.5KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2172.4KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2203.2KB/s]
|
||
[ 99%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [2236.2KB/s]
|
||
[100%] .......... .......... .......... .......... ......
|
||
|
||
Downloaded 3415.4 kilobytes in 1 second. (2264.93 KB/s)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 6) 不显示文件下载进度
|
||
|
||
如果你不想要看到文件的下载进度,只要在 axel 命令中加入 `-q` 选项。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# axel -q https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 7) 替换进度条
|
||
|
||
如果你不喜欢默认的进度条,你可以使用 `-a` 选项来替换进度条。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# axel -a https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Initializing download: https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
File size: 22678208 bytes
|
||
Opening output file owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Starting download
|
||
|
||
[ 66%] [......0 ...1 ..........2 ...........3] [ 5.8MB/s] [00:01]^C
|
||
|
||
Downloaded 14.3 megabytes in 2 seconds. (5916.11 KB/s)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
我们中断了上面的下载,以便在下载文件时能清楚地显示替代进度条状态。一旦文件成功下载后,你可以看到相同的输出,如下所示。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# axel -a https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
File size: 22678208 bytes
|
||
Opening output file owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2
|
||
Starting download
|
||
|
||
Connection 2 finished ]
|
||
Connection 1 finished ]
|
||
Connection 3 finished ]
|
||
Connection 0 finished ]
|
||
|
||
Downloaded 21.6 megabytes in 4 seconds. (5062.32 KB/s)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 8) 了解关于 axel 的更多信息
|
||
|
||
如果你想要了解更多关于 axel 的选项,只需要进入它的手册。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# man axel
|
||
或者
|
||
# axel --help
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
享受吧。。。)
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: http://www.2daygeek.com/axel-command-line-downloader-accelerator-for-linux/
|
||
|
||
作者:[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||
校对:[jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||
[1]:http://www.2daygeek.com/aria2-command-line-download-utility-tool/
|
||
[2]:http://www.2daygeek.com/wget-command-line-download-utility-tool/
|
||
[3]:http://www.2daygeek.com/aria2-command-line-download-utility-tool/
|
||
[4]:https://linux.cn/article-8124-1.html
|
||
[5]:https://linux.cn/article-2324-1.html
|
||
[6]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||
[7]:https://axel.alioth.debian.org/
|