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152 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
grep 命令系列：如何只查看配置文件中未被注释的有效配置行
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大多数的Linux和类Unix系统的配置文件中都有许多的注释行，但是有时候我只想看其中的有效配置行。那我怎么才能只看到quid.conf或httpd.conf这样的配置文件中的非注释命令行呢？怎么去掉这些注释或者空行呢？
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我们可以使用 UNIX/BSD/OS X/Linux 这些操作系统自身提供的 grep，sed，awk，perl或者其他文本处理工具来查看配置文件中的有效配置命令行。
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### grep 命令示例——去掉注释 ###
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可以按照如下示例使用grep命令:
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$ grep -v "^#" /path/to/config/file
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$ grep -v "^#" /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
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示例输出:
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ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"
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LockFile /var/lock/apache2/accept.lock
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PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}
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Timeout 300
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KeepAlive On
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MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
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KeepAliveTimeout 15
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<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
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StartServers 5
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MinSpareServers 5
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MaxSpareServers 10
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MaxClients 150
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MaxRequestsPerChild 0
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</IfModule>
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<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
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StartServers 2
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MinSpareThreads 25
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MaxSpareThreads 75
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ThreadLimit 64
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ThreadsPerChild 25
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MaxClients 150
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MaxRequestsPerChild 0
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</IfModule>
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<IfModule mpm_event_module>
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StartServers 2
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MaxClients 150
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MinSpareThreads 25
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MaxSpareThreads 75
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ThreadLimit 64
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ThreadsPerChild 25
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MaxRequestsPerChild 0
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</IfModule>
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User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
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Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}
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AccessFileName .htaccess
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<Files ~ "^\.ht">
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Order allow,deny
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Deny from all
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Satisfy all
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</Files>
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DefaultType text/plain
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HostnameLookups Off
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ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log
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LogLevel warn
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Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load
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Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf
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Include /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
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Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf
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LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
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LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
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LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
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LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
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LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
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CustomLog /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log vhost_combined
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Include /etc/apache2/conf.d/
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Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/
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想要跳过其中的空行，可以使用 [egrep 命令][1], 示例:
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egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
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## or pass it to the page such as more or less ##
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egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/apache2/apache2.conf | less
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## Bash function ######################################
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## or create function or alias and use it as follows ##
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## viewconfig /etc/squid/squid.conf ##
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#######################################################
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viewconfig(){
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local f="$1"
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[ -f "$1" ] && command egrep -v "^#|^$" "$f" || echo "Error $1 file not found."
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}
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示例输出:
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*图 01: Unix/Linux Egrep 除去注释行和空行*
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### 理解 grep/egrep 命令行选项 ###
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-v 选项，选择出不匹配的命令行。该选项适用于所有基于posix的系统。正则表达式 `^$` 匹配出所有的非空行， `^#` 匹配出所有的不以“#”开头的非注释行。
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### sed 命令示例 ###
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可以按照如下示例使用 GNU 上的 sed 命令:
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$ sed '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d' /path/to/file
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$ sed '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
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GNU 或 BSD 上的 sed 也可以修改配置文件。下面的命令的作用是原地编辑文件，并以特定（比如 .bak）备份文件：
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sed -i'.bak.2015.12.27' '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
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更多信息见参考手册 - [grep(1)][2], [sed(1)][3]。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/shell-display-uncommented-lines-only/
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作者：Vivek Gite
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译者：[sonofelice](https://github.com/sonofelice)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/grep-regular-expressions/
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[2]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/grep.1.html
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[3]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/sed.1.html |