mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-23 21:20:42 +08:00
208 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
208 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
在 Ubuntu 15.04 中如何安装和使用 Snort
|
||
================================================================================
|
||
|
||
对于网络安全而言入侵检测是一件非常重要的事。入侵检测系统(IDS)用于检测网络中非法与恶意的请求。Snort是一款知名的开源的入侵检测系统。其 Web界面(Snorby)可以用于更好地分析警告。Snort使用iptables/pf防火墙来作为入侵检测系统。本篇中,我们会安装并配置一个开源的入侵检测系统snort。
|
||
|
||
### Snort 安装 ###
|
||
|
||
#### 要求 ####
|
||
|
||
snort所使用的数据采集库(DAQ)用于一个调用包捕获库的抽象层。这个在snort上就有。下载过程如下截图所示。
|
||
|
||
![downloading_daq](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/downloading_daq.png)
|
||
|
||
解压并运行./configure、make、make install来安装DAQ。然而,DAQ要求其他的工具,因此,./configure脚本会生成下面的错误。
|
||
|
||
flex和bison错误
|
||
|
||
![flexandbison_error](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/flexandbison_error.png)
|
||
|
||
libpcap错误
|
||
|
||
![libpcap error](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/libpcap-error.png)
|
||
|
||
因此在安装DAQ之前先安装flex/bison和libcap。
|
||
|
||
![install_flex](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/install_flex.png)
|
||
|
||
如下所示安装libpcap开发库
|
||
|
||
![libpcap-dev installation](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/libpcap-dev-installation.png)
|
||
|
||
安装完必要的工具后,再次运行./configure脚本,将会显示下面的输出。
|
||
|
||
![without_error_configure](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/without_error_configure.png)
|
||
|
||
make和make install 命令的结果如下所示。
|
||
|
||
![make install](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/make-install.png)
|
||
|
||
![make](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/make.png)
|
||
|
||
成功安装DAQ之后,我们现在安装snort。如下图使用wget下载它。
|
||
|
||
![downloading_snort](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/downloading_snort.png)
|
||
|
||
使用下面的命令解压安装包。
|
||
|
||
#tar -xvzf snort-2.9.7.3.tar.gz
|
||
|
||
![snort_extraction](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/snort_extraction.png)
|
||
|
||
创建安装目录并在脚本中设置prefix参数。同样也建议启用包性能监控(PPM)的sourcefire标志。
|
||
|
||
#mkdir /usr/local/snort
|
||
|
||
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/snort/ --enable-sourcefire
|
||
|
||
![snort_installation](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/snort_installation.png)
|
||
|
||
配置脚本会由于缺少libpcre-dev、libdumbnet-dev 和zlib开发库而报错。
|
||
|
||
配置脚本由于缺少libpcre库报错。
|
||
|
||
![pcre-error](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/pcre-error.png)
|
||
|
||
配置脚本由于缺少dnet(libdumbnet)库而报错。
|
||
|
||
![libdnt error](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/libdnt-error.png)
|
||
|
||
配置脚本由于缺少zlib库而报错
|
||
|
||
![zlib error](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/zlib-error.png)
|
||
|
||
如下所示,安装所有需要的开发库。
|
||
|
||
# aptitude install libpcre3-dev
|
||
|
||
![libpcre3-dev install](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/libpcre3-dev-install.png)
|
||
|
||
# aptitude install libdumbnet-dev
|
||
|
||
![libdumnet-dev installation](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/libdumnet-dev-installation.png)
|
||
|
||
# aptitude install zlib1g-dev
|
||
|
||
![zlibg-dev installation](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/zlibg-dev-installation.png)
|
||
|
||
安装完snort需要的库之后,再次运行配置脚本就不会报错了。
|
||
|
||
运行make和make install命令在/usr/local/snort目录下完成安装。
|
||
|
||
#make
|
||
|
||
![make snort](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/make-snort.png)
|
||
|
||
#make install
|
||
|
||
![make install snort](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/make-install-snort.png)
|
||
|
||
最后,从/usr/local/snort/bin中运行snort。现在它对eth0的所有流量都处在promisc模式(包转储模式)。
|
||
|
||
![snort running](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/snort-running.png)
|
||
|
||
如下图所示snort转储流量。
|
||
|
||
![traffic](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/traffic1.png)
|
||
|
||
#### Snort的规则和配置 ####
|
||
|
||
从源码安装的snort还需要设置规则和配置,因此我们需要复制规则和配置到/etc/snort下面。我们已经创建了单独的bash脚本来用于设置规则和配置。它会设置下面这些snort设置。
|
||
|
||
- 在linux中创建用于snort IDS服务的snort用户。
|
||
- 在/etc下面创建snort的配置文件和文件夹。
|
||
- 权限设置并从源代码的etc目录中复制数据。
|
||
- 从snort文件中移除规则中的#(注释符号)。
|
||
|
||
-
|
||
|
||
#!/bin/bash#
|
||
# snort源代码的路径
|
||
snort_src="/home/test/Downloads/snort-2.9.7.3"
|
||
echo "adding group and user for snort..."
|
||
groupadd snort &> /dev/null
|
||
useradd snort -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/log/snort -c snort_idps -g snort &> /dev/null#snort configuration
|
||
echo "Configuring snort..."mkdir -p /etc/snort
|
||
mkdir -p /etc/snort/rules
|
||
touch /etc/snort/rules/black_list.rules
|
||
touch /etc/snort/rules/white_list.rules
|
||
touch /etc/snort/rules/local.rules
|
||
mkdir /etc/snort/preproc_rules
|
||
mkdir /var/log/snort
|
||
mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules
|
||
chmod -R 775 /etc/snort
|
||
chmod -R 775 /var/log/snort
|
||
chmod -R 775 /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules
|
||
chown -R snort:snort /etc/snort
|
||
chown -R snort:snort /var/log/snort
|
||
chown -R snort:snort /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules
|
||
###copy configuration and rules from etc directory under source code of snort
|
||
echo "copying from snort source to /etc/snort ....."
|
||
echo $snort_src
|
||
echo "-------------"
|
||
cp $snort_src/etc/*.conf* /etc/snort
|
||
cp $snort_src/etc/*.map /etc/snort##enable rules
|
||
sed -i 's/include \$RULE\_PATH/#include \$RULE\_PATH/' /etc/snort/snort.conf
|
||
echo "---DONE---"
|
||
|
||
改变脚本中的snort源目录路径并运行。下面是成功的输出。
|
||
|
||
![running script](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/running_script.png)
|
||
|
||
上面的脚本从snort源中复制下面的文件和文件夹到/etc/snort配置文件中
|
||
|
||
![files copied](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/created.png)
|
||
|
||
snort的配置非常复杂,要让IDS能正常工作需要进行下面必要的修改。
|
||
|
||
ipvar HOME_NET 192.168.1.0/24 # LAN side
|
||
|
||
----------
|
||
|
||
ipvar EXTERNAL_NET !$HOME_NET # WAN side
|
||
|
||
![veriable set](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/12.png)
|
||
|
||
var RULE_PATH /etc/snort/rules # snort signature path
|
||
var SO_RULE_PATH /etc/snort/so_rules #rules in shared libraries
|
||
var PREPROC_RULE_PATH /etc/snort/preproc_rules # Preproces path
|
||
var WHITE_LIST_PATH /etc/snort/rules # dont scan
|
||
var BLACK_LIST_PATH /etc/snort/rules # Must scan
|
||
|
||
![main path](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/rule-path.png)
|
||
|
||
include $RULE_PATH/local.rules # file for custom rules
|
||
|
||
移除ftp.rules、exploit.rules前面的注释符号(#)。
|
||
|
||
![path rules](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/path-rules.png)
|
||
|
||
现在[下载社区规则][1]并解压到/etc/snort/rules。启用snort.conf中的社区及紧急威胁规则。
|
||
|
||
![wget_rules](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wget_rules.png)
|
||
|
||
![community rules](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/community-rules1.png)
|
||
|
||
进行了上面的更改后,运行下面的命令来检验配置文件。
|
||
|
||
#snort -T -c /etc/snort/snort.conf
|
||
|
||
![snort running](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/snort-final.png)
|
||
|
||
### 总结 ###
|
||
|
||
本篇中,我们关注了开源IDPS系统snort在Ubuntu上的安装和配置。通常它用于监控事件,然而它可以被配置成用于网络保护的在线模式。snort规则可以在离线模式中可以使用pcap捕获文件进行测试和分析
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: http://linoxide.com/security/install-snort-usage-ubuntu-15-04/
|
||
|
||
作者:[nido][a]
|
||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/naveeda/
|
||
[1]:https://www.snort.org/downloads/community/community-rules.tar.gz
|