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324 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
在CentOS 7.x / Fedora 21 上面体验 PHP 7.0
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===============================================================================
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PHP是一种为我们熟知的通用服务器网页脚本语言。非常多的在线网站都是用PHP编写的。PHP这些年来一直在持续进化，丰富其功能，变得易于使用，更好地组织的脚本语言。目前PHP的开发团队正筹备下一个PHP版本的发行，名字是PHP 7。现在的PHP版本为PHP 5.6，可能你清楚PHP 6已经流产了，PHP 7的支持者们不希望下一个重要的版本被其他分支混淆，即过去已经停止很久的PHP 6。所以决定下一个PHP主要的发行版本叫PHP 7，而不是PHP 6。PHP 7.0预计在今年十一月份发行。
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在下一代主要PHP版本里有一些不错的功能：
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- 为了改善执行效率与内存占用，新的版本添加了PHPNG功能。
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- 引入了JIT引擎来动态编译Zend操作码为自然机器码，以此来达到更快的处理性能。这项功能允许随后的程序调用同一份代码，这样会运行快很多。
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- AST（抽象语法树）是最新添加的功能，它可以增强支持PHP的扩展性和用户应用。
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- 添加异步编程功能以支持同一个请求中的并行任务。
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- 新的版本会支持独立的多线程网页服务器，这样可以使用一个单独的存储池处理很多并发的请求。
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### 在CentOS/Fedora上安装PHP 7 ###
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让我们来看看怎样在CentOS 7和Fedora 21安装PHP7。为了安装PHP7，我们首先需要克隆php-src 仓库。当克隆工作完成，我们再配置和编译它。进行下一步之前，我们要确保已经在LInux系统下安装了如下的组件，否则PHP编译会返回错误中止。
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- Git
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- autoconf
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- gcc
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- bison
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所有上面提到的要求可以使用Yum软件包管理器安装。以下一条命令即可完成：
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yum install git autoconf gcc bison
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准备好开始安装PHP7了吗？让我们先创建一个PHP7目录，作为你的当前工作目录。
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mkdir php7
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cd php7
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现在克隆php-src仓库，在终端里运行下面的命令。
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git clone https://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git
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工作应该会在几分钟后完成，这里是一个样例输出，你应该会在任务完成时看见。
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[root@localhost php7]# git clone https://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git
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Cloning into 'php-src'...
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remote: Counting objects: 615064, done.
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remote: Compressing objects: 100% (127800/127800), done.
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remote: Total 615064 (delta 492063), reused 608718 (delta 485944)
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Receiving objects: 100% (615064/615064), 152.32 MiB | 16.97 MiB/s, done.
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Resolving deltas: 100% (492063/492063), done.
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让我们来配置，编译PHP7，在终端运行下面的命令，开始配置工作：
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cd php-src
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./buildconf
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下面是./buildconf命令的样例输出。
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[root@localhost php-src]# ./buildconf
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buildconf: checking installation...
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buildconf: autoconf version 2.69 (ok)
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rebuilding aclocal.m4
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rebuilding configure
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rebuilding main/php_config.h.in
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使用下面的命令，继续配置进程：
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./configure \
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--prefix=$HOME/php7/usr \
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--with-config-file-path=$HOME/php7/usr/etc \
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--enable-mbstring \
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--enable-zip \
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--enable-bcmath \
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--enable-pcntl \
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--enable-ftp \
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--enable-exif \
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--enable-calendar \
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--enable-sysvmsg \
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--enable-sysvsem \
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--enable-sysvshm \
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--enable-wddx \
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--with-curl \
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--with-mcrypt \
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--with-iconv \
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--with-gmp \
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--with-pspell \
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--with-gd \
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--with-jpeg-dir=/usr \
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--with-png-dir=/usr \
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--with-zlib-dir=/usr \
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--with-xpm-dir=/usr \
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--with-freetype-dir=/usr \
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--with-t1lib=/usr \
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--enable-gd-native-ttf \
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--enable-gd-jis-conv \
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--with-openssl \
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--with-mysql=/usr \
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--with-pdo-mysql=/usr \
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--with-gettext=/usr \
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--with-zlib=/usr \
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--with-bz2=/usr \
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--with-recode=/usr \
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--with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config
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这会花去不少的时间，当完成后你应该会看到如下面的输出：
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creating libtool
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appending configuration tag "CXX" to libtool
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Generating files
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configure: creating ./config.status
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creating main/internal_functions.c
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creating main/internal_functions_cli.c
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+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| License: |
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| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
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| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
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| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
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| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
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| the installation process at this point. |
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+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
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Thank you for using PHP.
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config.status: creating php7.spec
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config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
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config.status: creating scripts/phpize
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config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
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config.status: creating scripts/php-config
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config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
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config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
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config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
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config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
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config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
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config.status: creating main/php_config.h
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config.status: executing default commands
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运行下面的命令，完成编译过程。
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make
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“make”命令的样例输出如下所示：
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Generating phar.php
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Generating phar.phar
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PEAR package PHP_Archive not installed: generated phar will require PHP's phar extension be enabled.
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clicommand.inc
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directorytreeiterator.inc
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directorygraphiterator.inc
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pharcommand.inc
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invertedregexiterator.inc
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phar.inc
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Build complete.
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Don't forget to run 'make test'.
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活儿干完了，该安装PHP7了，运行下面的命令安装它。
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make install
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成功安装的进程的样例输出应该像这样：
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[root@localhost php-src]# make install
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Installing shared extensions: /root/php7/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20141001/
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Installing PHP CLI binary: /root/php7/usr/bin/
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Installing PHP CLI man page: /root/php7/usr/php/man/man1/
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Installing PHP CGI binary: /root/php7/usr/bin/
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Installing PHP CGI man page: /root/php7/usr/php/man/man1/
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Installing build environment: /root/php7/usr/lib/php/build/
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Installing header files: /root/php7/usr/include/php/
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Installing helper programs: /root/php7/usr/bin/
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program: phpize
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program: php-config
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Installing man pages: /root/php7/usr/php/man/man1/
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page: phpize.1
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page: php-config.1
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Installing PEAR environment: /root/php7/usr/lib/php/
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[PEAR] Archive_Tar - installed: 1.3.13
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[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.3.1
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[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.0.4
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[PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.2.3
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[PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.9.5
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Wrote PEAR system config file at: /root/php7/usr/etc/pear.conf
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You may want to add: /root/php7/usr/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
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/root/php7/php-src/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /root/php7/usr/bin
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ln -s -f /root/php7/usr/bin/phar.phar /root/php7/usr/bin/phar
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Installing PDO headers: /root/php7/usr/include/php/ext/pdo/
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恭喜你，PHP7已经安装在你的Linux系统上了。安装完后，进入PHP7安装文件里的sapi/cli里面。
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cd sapi/cli
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验证一下PHP的版本。
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[root@localhost cli]# ./php -v
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PHP 7.0.0-dev (cli) (built: Mar 28 2015 00:54:11)
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Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
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Zend Engine v3.0.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
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### 总结 ###
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PHP 7也[添加到了remi仓库][1]，这个即将到来的版本主要关注执行效率的提升，它的新特性致力于使PHP较好满足现代编程的需求和趋势。PHP 7.0将会有许多新的特性、丢弃一些老版本的东西。在接下来的日子里，我们希望看到新特性和弃用功能的具体情况。希望你喜欢！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-php-7-centos-7-fedora-21/
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作者：[Aun Raza][a]
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译者：[wi-cuckoo](https://github.com/wi-cuckoo)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunrz/
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[1]:http://blog.famillecollet.com/post/2015/03/25/PHP-7.0-as-Software-Collection
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