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技术视点:李纳斯·托沃兹,Linux的缔造者
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Linus_Torvalds%2C_2002%2C_Australian_Linux_conference.jpg/800px-Linus_Torvalds%2C_2002%2C_Australian_Linux_conference.jpg)
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> 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1],Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源革命的先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基,是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们,他的名字来自于《花生漫画》中的角色,但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从一台Commodore计算机上开始的,后来换成了Sinclair和IBM的386。他起初使用的是Minix操作系统,后来换成了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹的妻子托芙是六次芬兰全国空手道冠军,婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞,育有三个女儿。
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**技术视点(TV)**:在当今的技术中,有什么令你感兴趣?
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**托沃兹**:我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙,所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”,我对实实在在的技术创新更感兴趣。
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我很关注硬件厂商的新产品和最新的芯片,而最能吸引我的(因为毕竟我是个做软件的)是那些开发出新的算法和软件来充分利用这些新功能的人。
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**TV**:那在当今科技中,什么会让你感到恼火?它是怎么以及为什么让你愤怒?
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**托沃兹**:我不会用“愤怒”这个词,但是如果真要说技术领域中有什么让人反感的,那无疑是对那些头顶光环的“领袖”们的赞美。
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是的,这种情况也发生在我身上。但是我很不喜欢人们把我以及我所说的话太当回事。我认为,现在流行的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安,即使是对于乔布斯,埃里森,盖茨等众所周知的领袖来说,这个现象也不正常。我希望更多的人能有自主思考,并能意识到技术发展实际上来源于遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大工程师的共同智慧。
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我理解人们渴望明星,而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中(嘿,我的确希望这事在技术世界中要比娱乐行业来得少 ;) ),但是,这还是有点令人沮丧。
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**TV**:相比Red Hat和SuSE,你为什么没有抓住商业授权的机遇?难道如果Linux不开源,它就不会成为Linux了吗?你能谈谈更多情况吗?你是否曾在此事上感到过后悔?
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**托沃兹**:我肯定不会因为任何事情自责。我现在身在一个令人羡慕的位置上,我能干我喜欢的事情,并赢得大家的尊重。况且,以前一文不得的时候我就很享受我的工作,而现在我从工作中得到了不错的报酬
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我相信,很少有人能有机会做与众不同的事情,让我来告诉你吧,这种感觉真不错。对于商业,我从来都不感兴趣。对我来说,那些把Linux商业化的人替我做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作的确需要人做,也很有益。因此,事实上我很感谢那些商业机构,它们让我能集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。
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**TV**:在当今的科技界,你尊敬的人有哪些?为什么?
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**托沃兹**:哈!这个问题又绕回了我对于“个人崇拜”的看法,对“让我们找个人并把他神化”这种事,我一点兴趣都没有。
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所以,相比列出来个人名单,我更尊敬像EFF这样的组织,甚至有时候只是观念和想法。因为它们不是要单纯获取自身利益,而是努力去做一些实质性的事情来让技术在一个更大的蓝图中更好地发挥作用。
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在个人层面上,我更喜欢那些不自骄自傲,同时又在他们的本职工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士,我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人,我想这也是我尊敬他的原因。
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**TV**:就谷歌和微软而言,你认为哪个更成功?为什么?
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**托沃兹**:我认为,相对胜利者来说,两家公司竞争的过程才是更有趣的。
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在谷歌和微软的竞争中,我真的不认为两家公司本身比技术的变革更为有趣。这种变革的本质是从对单个计算机的控制转向对成千上万独立计算机的整合。
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**TV**:你认为像科技灾难、互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事为什么会发生?我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生?
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**托沃兹**:实际上,我对此类事情持相反的看法,而且我认为没有必要去防止它们再次发生。
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我坚信我们应该努力去挑战极限,而不是追求百分之百的稳定和理性
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大多数技术发展都不是有规律可循的,有的像火山爆发,有的事后可能被认为是夸大其词,有的刚出来时一点都不讨人喜欢。但事实上,如果太过努力去保持理性和避免做蠢事,就会扼杀创造力。
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我个人认为,真正稳定可靠的发展模式不是持续的微创新,而是通过超载和崩溃带来的系统演替。持续的微创新虽然看起来是一个好的选择,但是不经历超载和崩溃,你怎么可能发现系统的极限,并对它进行改进呢?
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**TV**:技术在未来会怎样改变我们的生活?你会和其它领域的领军者一起创建新技术吗,比如生物信息学?
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**托沃兹**:我个人的理论是,技术对我们的生活的改变,远没有我们构建技术来适应我们的生活来得多。
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这就是为什么你看不到飞行汽车等科幻小说中受欢迎的东西——但是相反,你却看到了利用技术来降低成本,使得一些此前就存在但是却因为成本因素不能大规模应用或者量身定制的事情被更多人接受。
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因此,技术很少直接改变我们的生活本身——虽然它往往意味着更多的人能获得那些以前罕见的或只限于土豪们的东西。
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真正的改变发生在当某些事物变得如此廉价并且随手可得,从而改变了你的行为的时候。而在很多方面,这些行为上的改变要比技术本身来得更有趣。
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例如,互联网带来的一大革命,是让你可以用极低的成本找到志趣相投的人并与他们进行交流。而且,我认为许多真正的改变正是来自于当人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他对同一事物有相同兴趣的人时,他们的习惯会如何改变。
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因此,你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组,许多人都在花大量时间讨论那些最神秘的问题,他们刚刚发现这些问题很有趣——这些事,你在之前不一定能实际去做,因为那时真的很难找到和你一样在某些不同寻常的专业上感兴趣的人并进行讨论。
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而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——不是因为任何新技术的出色特性,而完全是因为技术降低边际成本后带来的惊喜。
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**TV**:就你而言,谁是当今科技界最举足轻重的人物?
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**托沃兹**:我想大量的技术由消费市场推动,而不再是由军方或商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为,许多公司正在推进的愚蠢事情(特别是DRM)都忽略了一个事实:任何技术上最重要的人,最终总是“用户”。
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因此,就我而言,我认为你的问题的答案是“用户”,或者叫“消费者”,而这确实是最重要的部分,因为用户正是市场需求和商业成功的根源。
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**TV**:请谈一些你个人的观点吧,比如宗教?政治?
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**托沃兹**:我完全是一个虔诚的——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和对自然的敬畏,但事实上我认为它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给了人们借口说“哇,世界是被创造出来的”,而创世是神秘而不可测的。我更欣赏的说法是“哇,真让人难以置信,这样的事情竟然会首先发生”。具有讽刺意味的是,在许多欧洲国家,国家和宗教已经从法律意义上结合在了一起。
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我现在是一位美国公民,并且我也拥有投票权。但是,坦率地说,我不支持任何政党,因为我的个人骄傲不允许我和任何政党有关联。
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**TV**:谢谢,李纳斯!
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via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html
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译者:[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对:[reinoir](https://github.com/reinoir),mahua
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds
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