mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-23 21:20:42 +08:00
a71aa7de9e
renamed: 10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md -> 201406/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md renamed: 20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md -> 201406/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md renamed: 20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md -> 201406/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md renamed: 20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md renamed: 20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md -> 201406/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md renamed: 20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md -> 201406/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md renamed: 20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md -> 201406/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md renamed: 20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md -> 201406/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md renamed: 20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md -> 201406/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md renamed: 20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md -> 201406/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md renamed: 20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md -> 201406/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md renamed: 20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md -> 201406/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md renamed: 20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md -> 201406/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md renamed: 20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md -> 201406/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md renamed: 20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md -> 201406/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md renamed: 20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md -> 201406/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md renamed: 20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md -> 201406/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md renamed: 20140604 Command line secrets.md -> 201406/20140604 Command line secrets.md renamed: 20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md -> 201406/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md renamed: 20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md -> 201406/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md renamed: 20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md -> 201406/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md renamed: 20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md -> 201406/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md renamed: 20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md -> 201406/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md renamed: 20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md -> 201406/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md renamed: 20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released -- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md -> 201406/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released -- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md renamed: 20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md -> 201406/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md renamed: 20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md -> 201406/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md renamed: 20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md -> 201406/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md renamed: 20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md -> 201406/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md renamed: 20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md -> 201406/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md renamed: "20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 \347\216\260\345\267\262\345\217\221\345\270\203, \345\237\272\344\272\216 XBMC 13.1 \342\200\234Gotham\342\200\235.md" -> "201406/20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 \347\216\260\345\267\262\345\217\221\345\270\203, \345\237\272\344\272\216 XBMC 13.1 \342\200\234Gotham\342\200\235.md" renamed: 20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md -> 201406/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md renamed: 20140610 IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md -> 201406/20140610 IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md renamed: 20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md -> 201406/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md renamed: 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md -> 201406/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md renamed: 20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md -> 201406/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md renamed: 20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md renamed: 20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md -> 201406/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md renamed: 20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md renamed: 20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md -> 201406/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md renamed: 20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md -> 201406/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md renamed: 20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md -> 201406/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md renamed: 20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md -> 201406/20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md renamed: 20140619 Improve Battery Life with Laptop Mode Tools 1.65.md -> 201406/20140619 Improve Battery Life with Laptop Mode Tools 1.65.md renamed: 20140619 Red Hat to Acquire eNovance, Focus Together on OpenStack.md -> 201406/20140619 Red Hat to Acquire eNovance, Focus Together on OpenStack.md renamed: 20140620 Celebrating 30 Years of X.md -> 201406/20140620 Celebrating 30 Years of X.md renamed: 20140620 ENCRYPT DNS TRAFFIC IN LINUX WITH DNSCRYPT (VIA OPENDNS).md -> 201406/20140620 ENCRYPT DNS TRAFFIC IN LINUX WITH DNSCRYPT (VIA OPENDNS).md renamed: 20140620 How to enable testing and unstable repository on Debian.md -> 201406/20140620 How to enable testing and unstable repository on Debian.md renamed: 20140625 Canonical Debuts 'Orange Box' for Ubuntu OpenStack Cloud Demos.md -> 201406/20140625 Canonical Debuts 'Orange Box' for Ubuntu OpenStack Cloud Demos.md renamed: 8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md -> 201406/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md renamed: Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md -> 201406/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md renamed: Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md -> 201406/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md renamed: Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md renamed: Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md -> 201406/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md renamed: How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md renamed: How To Remove Drive Icons From Unity Launcher In Ubuntu 14.04 [Beginner Tips].md -> 201406/How To Remove Drive Icons From Unity Launcher In Ubuntu 14.04 [Beginner Tips].md renamed: How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md -> 201406/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md renamed: How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md -> 201406/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md renamed: How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md -> 201406/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md renamed: How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md -> 201406/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md renamed: How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md -> 201406/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md renamed: How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md -> 201406/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md renamed: How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md -> 201406/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md renamed: How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md -> 201406/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md renamed: How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md -> 201406/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md renamed: How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md -> 201406/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md renamed: How to use LVM in Linux.md -> 201406/How to use LVM in Linux.md renamed: How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md -> 201406/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md renamed: Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md renamed: Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md -> 201406/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md renamed: Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md -> 201406/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md renamed: Making Linux Feel at Home.md -> 201406/Making Linux Feel at Home.md renamed: Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md -> 201406/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md renamed: Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md -> 201406/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md renamed: Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md -> 201406/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md renamed: TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md -> 201406/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md renamed: Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md -> 201406/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md renamed: Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md -> 201406/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md renamed: What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md -> 201406/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md renamed: Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md -> 201406/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md
121 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
试试Linux下的ip命令,ifconfig已经过时了
|
||
================================================================================
|
||
linux的**ip**命令和**ifconfig**类似,但前者功能更强大,并旨在取代后者。使用ip命令,只需一个命令,你就能很轻松地执行一些网络管理任务。ifconfig是net-tools中已被废弃使用的一个命令,许多年前就已经没有维护了。iproute2套件里提供了许多增强功能的命令,ip命令即是其中之一。
|
||
|
||
![Net tools vs Iproute2](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Linux-Nettools-vs-Iproute2.png)
|
||
|
||
要安装ip,请[点击这里][1]下载**iproute2套装工具** 。不过,大多数Linux发行版已经预装了iproute2工具。
|
||
|
||
你也可以使用git命令来下载最新源代码来编译:
|
||
|
||
$ git clone https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git
|
||
|
||
![iproute2 git clone](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/iproute2-git-clone.png)
|
||
|
||
### 设置和删除Ip地址 ###
|
||
|
||
要给你的机器设置一个IP地址,可以使用下列ip命令:
|
||
|
||
$ sudo ip addr add 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0
|
||
|
||
请注意IP地址要有一个后缀,比如/24。这种用法用于在无类域内路由选择(CIDR)中来显示所用的子网掩码。在这个例子中,子网掩码是255.255.255.0。
|
||
|
||
在你按照上述方式设置好IP地址后,需要查看是否已经生效。
|
||
|
||
$ ip addr show wlan0
|
||
|
||
![set ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/set-ip-address.png)
|
||
|
||
你也可以使用相同的方式来删除IP地址,只需用del代替add。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo ip addr del 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0
|
||
|
||
![delete ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/delete-ip-address.png)
|
||
|
||
### 列出路由表条目 ###
|
||
|
||
ip命令的路由对象的参数还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据,并设置你的路由表。第一个条目是默认的路由条目,你可以随意改动它。
|
||
|
||
在这个例子中,有几个路由条目。这个结果显示有几个设备通过不同的网络接口连接起来。它们包括WIFI、以太网和一个点对点连接。
|
||
|
||
$ ip route show
|
||
|
||
![ip route show](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-show.png)
|
||
|
||
假设现在你有一个IP地址,你需要知道路由包从哪里来。可以使用下面的路由选项(译注:列出了路由所使用的接口等):
|
||
|
||
$ ip route get 10.42.0.47
|
||
|
||
![ip route get](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-get.png)
|
||
|
||
### 更改默认路由 ###
|
||
|
||
要更改默认路由,使用下面ip命令:
|
||
|
||
$ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.0.196
|
||
|
||
![default route](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/default-route.png)
|
||
|
||
### 显示网络统计数据 ###
|
||
|
||
使用ip命令还可以显示不同网络接口的统计数据。
|
||
|
||
![ip statistics all interfaces](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-statistics-all-interfaces.png)
|
||
|
||
当你需要获取一个特定网络接口的信息时,在网络接口名字后面添加选项**ls**即可。使用多个选项**-s**会给你这个特定接口更详细的信息。特别是在排除网络连接故障时,这会非常有用。
|
||
|
||
$ ip -s -s link ls p2p1
|
||
|
||
![ip link statistics](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-statistics-.png)
|
||
|
||
### ARP条目 ###
|
||
|
||
地址解析协议(ARP)用于将一个IP地址转换成它对应的物理地址,也就是通常所说的MAC地址。使用ip命令的neigh或者neighbour选项,你可以查看接入你所在的局域网的设备的MAC地址。
|
||
|
||
$ ip neighbour
|
||
|
||
![ip neighbour](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-neighbour.png)
|
||
|
||
### 监控netlink消息 ###
|
||
|
||
也可以使用ip命令查看netlink消息。monitor选项允许你查看网络设备的状态。比如,所在局域网的一台电脑根据它的状态可以被分类成REACHABLE或者STALE。使用下面的命令:
|
||
|
||
$ ip monitor all
|
||
|
||
![ip monitor all](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-monitor-all.png)
|
||
|
||
### 激活和停止网络接口 ###
|
||
|
||
你可以使用ip命令的up和down选项来激某个特定的接口,就像ifconfig的用法一样。
|
||
|
||
在这个例子中,当ppp0接口被激活和在它被停止和再次激活之后,你可以看到相应的路由表条目。这个接口可能是wlan0或者eth0。将ppp0更改为你可用的任意接口即可。
|
||
|
||
$ sudo ip link set ppp0 down
|
||
|
||
$ sudo ip link set ppp0 up
|
||
|
||
![ip link set up and down](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-set-up-and-down.png)
|
||
|
||
### 获取帮助 ###
|
||
|
||
当你陷入困境,不知道某一个特定的选项怎么用的时候,你可以使用help选项。man页面并不会提供许多关于如何使用ip选项的信息,因此这里就是获取帮助的地方。
|
||
|
||
比如,想知道关于route选项更多的信息:
|
||
|
||
$ ip route help
|
||
|
||
![ip route help](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-help.png)
|
||
|
||
### 小结 ###
|
||
|
||
对于网络管理员们和所有的Linux使用者们,ip命令是必备工具。是时候抛弃ifconfig命令了,特别是当你写脚本时。
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/use-ip-command-linux/
|
||
|
||
译者:[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[1]:http://www.linuxgrill.com/anonymous/iproute2/NEW-OSDL/ |