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149 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
149 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
findmnt 命令的八个应用实例
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================================================================================
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### 已挂载的文件系统和设备 ###
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linux 中常用的检查已挂载的文件系统的是 mount 命令，不仅用于列出已挂载的设备，而且可以在需要的时候挂载和卸载。另外还有一个叫做 findmnt 的超赞命令，它可以用于快速查看挂载位置和选项。
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### 安装findmnt ###
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findmnt 命令来自 util-linux 软件包，默认安装在大多数发行版中，如 Ubuntu，Fedora，Debian
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$ aptitude search util-linux
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i util-linux - Miscellaneous system utilities
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$ yum info util-linux
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### 使用findmnt ###
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#### 1. 列出文件系统 ####
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无任何选项运行 findmnt，只会以树形结构图的方式列出所有已挂载的文件系统。
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$ findmnt
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#### 2. 以列表形式输出 ####
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输出可以格式化为一个简单的列表，而不是默认的树形结构，使用l（键盘u和o中间那个，不是数字1）选项使它方便阅读。
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$ findmnt -l
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TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
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/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosu
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/proc proc proc rw,nosu
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/dev udev devtmpf rw,rela
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/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosu
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/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosu
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/ /dev/disk/by-uuid/6fa5a72a-ba26-4588-a103-74bb6b33a763
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ext4 rw,rela
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/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw,rela
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/sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,rela
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/sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,rela
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/sys/kernel/security securit rw,rela
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/run/lock tmpfs rw,nosu
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/run/shm tmpfs rw,nosu
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/run/user tmpfs rw,nosu
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/sys/fs/pstore pstore rw,rela
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/media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
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/dev/sda8 ext4 rw,nosu
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/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosu
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/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc binfmt_ rw,nosu
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/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd systemd cgroup rw,nosu
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/run/user/1000/gvfs gvfsd-fuse fuse.gv rw,nosu
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#### 3. df格式输出 ####
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Findmnt 可以用“-D”或“-df”选项创建一个 df 格式的输出报告空闲和已用磁盘空间。
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$ findmnt -D
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SOURCE FSTYPE SIZE USED AVAIL USE% TARGET
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devtmpfs devtmpfs 994.2M 0 994.2M 0% /dev
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selinuxfs selinuxfs 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/selinux
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tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 68K 1001.4M 0% /dev/shm
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tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 724K 1000.8M 0% /run
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tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 0 1001.5M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
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/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 6.5G 5.3G 811.6M 82% /
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tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 60K 1001.5M 0% /tmp
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/dev/sda1 ext4 476.2M 107.7M 339.6M 23% /boot
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需要注意的是，以上选项 util-linux2.20 之前的版本都不可用，它正好是 Ubuntu13.10 上的最新版本
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#### 4. 从fstab读取文件系统 ####
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使用“-s”或“-fstab”选项，findmnt 将只从/etc/fstab文件和/etc/fstab.d目录读取文件系统。
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$ findmnt -s
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TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
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/ /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 defaults
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/boot UUID=18cde604-1c65-4ec8-8a8d-385df50ada3b ext4 defaults
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swap /dev/mapper/fedora-swap swap defaults
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#### 5. 通过类型过滤文件系统 ####
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Findmnt 可以打印出只基于类型的特定的文件系统，例如 ext4，多个系统类型可以指定一个逗号分隔。
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$ findmnt -t ext4
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TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
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/ /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
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└─/boot /dev/sda1 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
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#### 6. 原始输出 ####
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如果你喜欢原始风格的输出，那么使用“-r”或“--raw”选项。
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$ findmnt --raw
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TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
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/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
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/proc proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
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/dev udev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=4069060k,nr_inodes=1017265,mode=755
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/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000
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/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=816716k,mode=755
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/ /dev/disk/by-uuid/6fa5a72a-ba26-4588-a103-74bb6b33a763 ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered
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/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw,relatime,size=4k,mode=755
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/sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime
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/sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime
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/sys/kernel/security securityfs rw,relatime
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/run/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k
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/run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime
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/run/user tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=102400k,mode=755
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/sys/fs/pstore pstore rw,relatime
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/media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda8 ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered
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/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
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/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
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/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,name=systemd
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/run/user/1000/gvfs gvfsd-fuse fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000
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看起来非常整洁（译注，亲爱的读者你也这样觉得么？）。
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#### 7. 通过源设备查找 ####
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通过源设备查找文件系统，指定设备路径包括/不包括“-S”选项。
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$ findmnt -S /dev/sda1
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TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
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/boot /dev/sda1 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
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#### 8. 通过挂载点查找 ####
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通过挂载目录查找文件系统，指定目录包括/不包括“-T /--target”选项。
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$ findmnt -T /
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TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
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/ /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
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$ findmnt -T /media/4668484A68483B47
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TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
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/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0
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### 总结 ###
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这是一个 findmnt 命令的简要介绍。关于 findmnt 的更多选项可以在 man 手册页中找到。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.binarytides.com/linux-findmnt-command/
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译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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