[#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (geekpi) [#]: reviewer: (wxy) [#]: publisher: (wxy) [#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11490-1.html) [#]: subject: (Bash Script to Delete Files/Folders Older Than “X” Days in Linux) [#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/bash-script-to-delete-files-folders-older-than-x-days-in-linux/) [#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) 在 Linux 中使用 Bash 脚本删除早于 “X” 天的文件/文件夹 ====== [磁盘使用率][1] 监控工具能够在达到给定阈值时提醒我们。但它们无法自行解决 [磁盘使用率][2] 问题。需要手动干预才能解决该问题。 如果你想完全自动化此类操作，你会做什么。是的，可以使用 bash 脚本来完成。 该脚本可防止来自 [监控工具][3] 的警报，因为我们会在填满磁盘空间之前删除旧的日志文件。 我们过去做了很多 shell 脚本。如果要查看，请进入下面的链接。 * [如何使用 shell 脚本自动化日常活动？][4] 我在本文中添加了两个 bash 脚本，它们有助于清除旧日志。 ### 1）在 Linux 中删除早于 “X” 天的文件夹的 Bash 脚本 我们有一个名为 `/var/log/app/` 的文件夹，其中包含 15 天的日志，我们将删除早于 10 天的文件夹。 ``` $ ls -lh /var/log/app/ drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 1 23:52 app_log.01 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 2 23:52 app_log.02 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 3 23:52 app_log.03 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 4 23:52 app_log.04 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 5 23:52 app_log.05 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 6 23:54 app_log.06 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 7 23:53 app_log.07 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 8 23:51 app_log.08 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 9 23:52 app_log.09 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 10 23:52 app_log.10 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 11 23:52 app_log.11 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 12 23:52 app_log.12 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 13 23:52 app_log.13 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 14 23:52 app_log.14 drwxrw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 15 23:52 app_log.15 ``` 该脚本将删除早于 10 天的文件夹，并通过邮件发送文件夹列表。 你可以根据需要修改 `-mtime X` 的值。另外，请替换你的电子邮箱，而不是用我们的。 ``` # /opt/script/delete-old-folders.sh #!/bin/bash prev_count=0 fpath=/var/log/app/app_log.* find $fpath -type d -mtime +10 -exec ls -ltrh {} \; > /tmp/folder.out find $fpath -type d -mtime +10 -exec rm -rf {} \; count=$(cat /tmp/folder.out | wc -l) if [ "$prev_count" -lt "$count" ] ; then MESSAGE="/tmp/file1.out" TO="[email protected]" echo "Application log folders are deleted older than 15 days" >> $MESSAGE echo "+----------------------------------------------------+" >> $MESSAGE echo "" >> $MESSAGE cat /tmp/folder.out | awk '{print $6,$7,$9}' >> $MESSAGE echo "" >> $MESSAGE SUBJECT="WARNING: Apache log files are deleted older than 15 days $(date)" mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$TO" < $MESSAGE rm $MESSAGE /tmp/folder.out fi ``` 给 `delete-old-folders.sh` 设置可执行权限。 ``` # chmod +x /opt/script/delete-old-folders.sh ``` 最后添加一个 [cronjob][5] 自动化此任务。它于每天早上 7 点运行。 ``` # crontab -e 0 7 * * * /bin/bash /opt/script/delete-old-folders.sh ``` 你将看到类似下面的输出。 ``` Application log folders are deleted older than 20 days +--------------------------------------------------------+ Oct 11 /var/log/app/app_log.11 Oct 12 /var/log/app/app_log.12 Oct 13 /var/log/app/app_log.13 Oct 14 /var/log/app/app_log.14 Oct 15 /var/log/app/app_log.15 ``` ### 2）在 Linux 中删除早于 “X” 天的文件的 Bash 脚本 我们有一个名为 `/var/log/apache/` 的文件夹，其中包含15天的日志，我们将删除 10 天前的文件。 以下文章与该主题相关，因此你可能有兴趣阅读。 * [如何在 Linux 中查找和删除早于 “X” 天和 “X” 小时的文件？][6] * [如何在 Linux 中查找最近修改的文件/文件夹][7] * [如何在 Linux 中自动删除或清理 /tmp 文件夹内容？][8] ``` # ls -lh /var/log/apache/ -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 1 23:52 2daygeek_access.01 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 2 23:52 2daygeek_access.02 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 3 23:52 2daygeek_access.03 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 4 23:52 2daygeek_access.04 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 5 23:52 2daygeek_access.05 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 6 23:54 2daygeek_access.06 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 7 23:53 2daygeek_access.07 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 8 23:51 2daygeek_access.08 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 9 23:52 2daygeek_access.09 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 10 23:52 2daygeek_access.10 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 11 23:52 2daygeek_access.11 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 12 23:52 2daygeek_access.12 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 13 23:52 2daygeek_access.13 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 14 23:52 2daygeek_access.14 -rw-rw-rw- 3 root root 24K Oct 15 23:52 2daygeek_access.15 ``` 该脚本将删除 10 天前的文件并通过邮件发送文件夹列表。 你可以根据需要修改 `-mtime X` 的值。另外，请替换你的电子邮箱，而不是用我们的。 ``` # /opt/script/delete-old-files.sh #!/bin/bash prev_count=0 fpath=/var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.* find $fpath -type f -mtime +15 -exec ls -ltrd {} \; > /tmp/file.out find $fpath -type f -mtime +15 -exec rm -rf {} \; count=$(cat /tmp/file.out | wc -l) if [ "$prev_count" -lt "$count" ] ; then MESSAGE="/tmp/file1.out" TO="[email protected]" echo "Apache Access log files are deleted older than 20 days" >> $MESSAGE echo "+--------------------------------------------- +" >> $MESSAGE echo "" >> $MESSAGE cat /tmp/file.out | awk '{print $6,$7,$9}' >> $MESSAGE echo "" >> $MESSAGE SUBJECT="WARNING: Apache log folders are deleted older than 15 days $(date)" mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$TO" < $MESSAGE rm $MESSAGE /tmp/file.out fi ``` 给 `delete-old-files.sh` 设置可执行权限。 ``` # chmod +x /opt/script/delete-old-files.sh ``` 最后添加一个 [cronjob][5] 自动化此任务。它于每天早上 7 点运行。 ``` # crontab -e 0 7 * * * /bin/bash /opt/script/delete-old-folders.sh ``` 你将看到类似下面的输出。 ``` Apache Access log files are deleted older than 20 days +--------------------------------------------------------+ Oct 11 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.11 Oct 12 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.12 Oct 13 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.13 Oct 14 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.14 Oct 15 /var/log/apache/2daygeek_access.15 ``` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.2daygeek.com/bash-script-to-delete-files-folders-older-than-x-days-in-linux/ 作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ [b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 [1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-usage-files-and-directories-folders-size-du-command/ [2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-space-usage-df-command/ [3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/monitoring-tools/ [4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/shell-script/ [5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/crontab-cronjob-to-schedule-jobs-in-linux/ [6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-find-and-delete-files-older-than-x-days-and-x-hours-in-linux/ [7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-find-recently-modified-files-folders-linux/ [8]: https://www.2daygeek.com/automatically-delete-clean-up-tmp-directory-folder-contents-in-linux/