Translating-----------geekpi 15 Practical Examples of ‘echo’ command in Linux ================================================================================ **echo** is one of the most commonly and widely used built-in command for Linux bash and C shells, that typically used in scripting language and batch files to display a line of text/string on standard output or a file. ![echo command examples](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/echo-command.png) echo command examples The syntax for echo is: echo [option(s)] [string(s)] **1.** Input a line of text and display on standard output $ echo Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds Outputs the following text: Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds **2.** Declare a variable and echo its value. For example, Declare a variable of **x** and assign its value=**10**. $ x=10 echo its value: $ echo The value of variable x = $x The value of variable x = 10 **Note:** The ‘**-e**‘ option in Linux acts as interpretation of escaped characters that are backslashed. **3.** Using option ‘**\b**‘ – backspace with backslash interpretor ‘**-e**‘ which removes all the spaces in between. $ echo -e "Tecmint \bis \ba \bcommunity \bof \bLinux \bNerds" TecmintisacommunityofLinuxNerds **4.** Using option ‘**\n**‘ – New line with backspace interpretor ‘**-e**‘ treats new line from where it is used. $ echo -e "Tecmint \nis \na \ncommunity \nof \nLinux \nNerds" Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds **5.** Using option ‘**\t**‘ – horizontal tab with backspace interpretor ‘**-e**‘ to have horizontal tab spaces. $ echo -e "Tecmint \tis \ta \tcommunity \tof \tLinux \tNerds" Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds **6.** How about using option new Line ‘**\n**‘ and horizontal tab ‘**\t**‘ simultaneously. $ echo -e "\n\tTecmint \n\tis \n\ta \n\tcommunity \n\tof \n\tLinux \n\tNerds" Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds **7.** Using option ‘**\v**‘ – vertical tab with backspace interpretor ‘**-e**‘ to have vertical tab spaces. $ echo -e "\vTecmint \vis \va \vcommunity \vof \vLinux \vNerds" Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds **8.** How about using option new Line ‘**\n**‘ and vertical tab ‘**\v**‘ simultaneously. $ echo -e "\n\vTecmint \n\vis \n\va \n\vcommunity \n\vof \n\vLinux \n\vNerds" Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds **Note:** We can double the vertical tab, horizontal tab and new line spacing using the option two times or as many times as required. **9.** Using option ‘**\r**‘ – carriage return with backspace interpretor ‘**-e**‘ to have specified carriage return in output. $ echo -e "Tecmint \ris a community of Linux Nerds" is a community of Linux Nerds **10.** Using option ‘**\c**‘ – suppress trailing new line with backspace interpretor ‘**-e**‘ to continue without emitting new line. $ echo -e "Tecmint is a community \cof Linux Nerds" Tecmint is a community avi@tecmint:~$ **11.** Omit echoing trailing new line using option ‘**-n**‘. $ echo -n "Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds" Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerdsavi@tecmint:~/Documents$ **12.** Using option ‘**\a**‘ – alert return with backspace interpretor ‘**-e**‘ to have sound alert. $ echo -e "Tecmint is a community of \aLinux Nerds" Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds **Note:** Make sure to check Volume key, before firing. **13.** Print all the files/folder using echo command (ls command alternative). $ echo * 103.odt 103.pdf 104.odt 104.pdf 105.odt 105.pdf 106.odt 106.pdf 107.odt 107.pdf 108a.odt 108.odt 108.pdf 109.odt 109.pdf 110b.odt 110.odt 110.pdf 111.odt 111.pdf 112.odt 112.pdf 113.odt linux-headers-3.16.0-customkernel_1_amd64.deb linux-image-3.16.0-customkernel_1_amd64.deb network.jpeg **14.** Print files of a specific kind. For example, let’s assume you want to print all ‘**.jpeg**‘ files, use the following command. $ echo *.jpeg network.jpeg **15.** The echo can be used with redirect operator to output to a file and not standard output. $ echo "Test Page" > testpage ## Check Content avi@tecmint:~$ cat testpage Test Page ### echo Options ###
Options Description
-n do not print the trailing newline.
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes.
\b backspace
\\ backslash
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
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