[#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (geekpi) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) [#]: subject: (How to Install Ansible (Automation Tool) on CentOS 8/RHEL 8) [#]: via: (https://www.linuxtechi.com/install-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8/) [#]: author: (Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/) 如何在 CentOS 8/RHEL 8 上安装 Ansible(自动化工具) ====== **Ansible** 是给 Linux 系统管理员使用的出色自动化工具。它是一种开源配置工具,能让系统管理员可以从一个中心节点(即 **Ansible 服务器**)管理数百台服务器。将 Ansible 与 **Puppet**、**Chef** 和 **Salt**等类似工具进行比较时,它是首选的配置工具,因为它不需要任何代理,并且可以工作在 SSH 和 python 上。 [![Install-Ansible-CentOS8-RHEL8][1]][2] 在本教程中,我们将学习如何在 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 系统上安装和使用 Ansble Ansible 实验环境信息: * Minimal CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 服务器(192.168.1.10),且有互联网连接 * 两个 Ansible 节点 - Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (192.168.1.20) 和 CentOS 7 (192.168.1.30) ### CentOS 8 上的 Ansible 安装步骤 Ansible 包不在 CentOS 8 默认的软件包仓库中。因此,我们需要执行以下命令启用 [EPEL 仓库][3], ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm -y ``` 启用 epel 仓库后,执行以下 dnf 命令安装 Ansble。 ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install ansible ``` 上面命令的输出: ![dnf-install-ansible-centos8][1] 成功安装 ansible 后,运行以下命令验证它的版本。 ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo ansible --version ``` ![Ansible-version-CentOS8][1] 上面的输出确认在 CentOS 8 上安装完成。 让我们看下 RHEL 8 系统。 ### RHEL 8 上的 Ansible 安装步骤 如果你有有效的 RHEL 8 订阅,请使用以下订阅管理器命令启用 Ansble 仓库, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo subscription-manager repos --enable ansible-2.8-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms ``` 启用仓库后,执行以下 dnf 命令安装 Ansible, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install ansible -y ``` 安装 ansible 及其依赖包后,执行以下命令来验证它的版本, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo ansible --version ``` ### 在 CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 上通过 pip3 安装 Ansible 的可选方法 如果你希望使用 **pip**(python 的包管理器)安装 Ansible,请首先使用以下命令安装 pyhton3 和 python3-pip 包, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install python3 python3-pip -y ``` 安装 python3 后,运行以下命令来验证它的版本。 ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ python3 -V Python 3.6.8 [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ``` 命令下面的 pip3 命令安装 Ansible, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ pip3 install ansible --user ``` 输出, ![Ansible-Install-pip3-centos8][1] 上面的输出确认 Ansible 已成功使用 pip3 安装。让我们看下如何使用 Ansible。 ### 如何使用 Ansible 自动化工具? 当我们使用 yum 或 dnf 命令安装 Ansible 时,它的配置文件、清单文件和角色目录会自动在 /etc/ansible 文件夹下创建。 让我们添加一个名称为 “**labservers**” 的组,并在 **/etc/ansible/hosts** 文件中给该组添加 Ubuntu 18.04 和 CentOS 7 的系统 IP 地址。 ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo vi /etc/ansible/hosts … [labservers] 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.30 … ``` 保存并退出文件。 Once the inventory file (/etc/ansible/hosts) is updated then exchange your user’s ssh public keys with remote systems which are part of “labservers” group. 更新清单文件(/etc/ansible/hosts)后,将用户的 ssh 公钥与作为 “”组一部分的远程系统交换。 Let’s first generate your local user’s public and private key using ssh-keygen command, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-keygen ``` Now exchange public key between the ansible server and its clients using the following command, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@linuxtechi [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@linuxtechi ``` Now let’s try couple of Ansible commands, first verify the connectivity from Ansible server to its clients using ping module, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible -m ping "labservers" ``` **Note:** If we don’t specify the inventory file in above command then it will refer the default hosts file (i.e /etc/ansible/hosts) Output, ![ansible-ping-module-centos8][1] Let’s check kernel version of each client using Ansible shell command, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible -m command -a "uname -r" "labservers" 192.168.1.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 4.15.0-20-generic 192.168.1.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ``` Use the following ansible command to list all hosts from the inventory file, ``` [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible all -i /etc/ansible/hosts --list-hosts hosts (4): 192.168.100.1 192.168.100.10 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.30 [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ``` Use the following ansible command to list only hosts from “labservers” group ``` root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible labservers -i /etc/ansible/hosts --list-hosts hosts (2): 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.30 [root@linuxtechi ~]$ ``` That’s all from this article, we have successfully demonstrated on how to install and use Ansible on CentOS 8 and RHEL 8 System. 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