[#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "way-ww" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " [#]: subject: "How to Run the Top Command in Batch Mode" [#]: via: "https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-run-execute-top-command-in-batch-mode/" [#]: author: "Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/" 如何在批处理模式下运行 Top 命令 ====== **[Top 命令][1]** 是每个人都在使用的用于 **[监控 Linux 系统性能][2]** 的最好的命令。 除了很少的几个操作， 你可能已经知道 top 命令的绝大部分操作， 如果我没错的话， 批处理模式就是其中之一。 大部分的脚本编写者和开发人员都知道这个， 因为这个操作主要就是用来编写脚本。 如果你不了解这个， 不用担心，我们将在这里介绍它。 ### 什么是 Top 命令的批处理模式 批处理模式允许你将 top 命令的输出发送至其他程序或者文件中。 在这个模式中， top 命令将不会接收输入并且持续运行直到迭代次数达到你用 “-n” 选项指定的次数为止。 如果你想解决 Linux 服务器上的任何性能问题， 你需要正确的 **[理解 top 命令的输出][3]** 。 ### 1) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令 默认地， top 命令按照 CPU 的使用率来排序输出结果， 所以当你在批处理模式中运行以下命令时， 它会执行同样的操作并打印前 35 行。 ``` # top -bc | head -35 top - 06:41:14 up 8 days, 20:24, 1 user, load average: 0.87, 0.77, 0.81 Tasks: 139 total, 1 running, 136 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 3.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1595932 free, 886736 used, 1398272 buff/cache KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2648472 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.63 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 [kthreadd] 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:28.10 [ksoftirqd/0] 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/0:0H] 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:33.96 [migration/0] 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [rcu_bh] 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 63:05.12 [rcu_sched] 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [lru-add-drain] 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.79 [watchdog/0] 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.82 [watchdog/1] 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:44.27 [migration/1] 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.45 [ksoftirqd/1] 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/1:0H] 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 [kdevtmpfs] 19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [netns] 20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.35 [khungtaskd] 21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 [writeback] 22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kintegrityd] 23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset] 24 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kblockd] 25 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [md] 26 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [edac-poller] 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0] 34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [ksmd] 35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:12.80 [khugepaged] 36 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [crypto] 44 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kthrotld] 46 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kmpath_rdacd] ``` ### 2) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按内存使用率排序结果 在批处理模式中运行以下命令按内存使用率对结果进行排序 ``` # top -bc -o +%MEM | head -n 20 top - 06:42:00 up 8 days, 20:25, 1 user, load average: 0.66, 0.74, 0.80 Tasks: 146 total, 1 running, 145 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1422044 free, 1059176 used, 1399720 buff/cache KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2475984 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 156096 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:12.98 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 1841 root 20 0 228980 107036 5360 S 0.0 2.8 0:05.56 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/perl/528/bin/perl -T -w /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/bin/spamd --max-children=3 --max-spare=1 --allowed-ips=127.0.0.+ 4301 root 20 0 230208 104608 1816 S 0.0 2.7 0:03.77 spamd child 8139 nobody 20 0 257000 27108 3408 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 7961 nobody 20 0 256988 26912 3160 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.05 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8190 nobody 20 0 256976 26812 3140 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.05 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8353 nobody 20 0 256976 26812 3144 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8629 nobody 20 0 256856 26736 3108 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.02 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8636 nobody 20 0 256856 26712 3100 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8611 nobody 20 0 256844 25764 2228 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8451 nobody 20 0 256844 25760 2220 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8610 nobody 20 0 256844 25748 2224 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8632 nobody 20 0 256844 25744 2216 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start ``` **上面命令的详细信息:** * **-b :** 批处理模式选项 * **-c :** 打印运行中的进程的绝对路径 * **-o :** 指定进行排序的字段 * **head :** 输出文件的第一部分 * **-n :** 打印前 n 行 ### 3) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按照指定的用户进程对结果进行排序 如果你想要按照指定用户进程对结果进行排序请运行以下命令 ``` # top -bc -u mysql | head -n 10 top - 06:44:58 up 8 days, 20:27, 1 user, load average: 0.99, 0.87, 0.84 Tasks: 140 total, 1 running, 137 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie %Cpu(s): 13.3 us, 3.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 83.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1589832 free, 885648 used, 1405460 buff/cache KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2649412 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 156888 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:16.42 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ``` ### 4) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按照处理时间进行排序 在批处理模式中使用以下 top 命令按照处理时间对结果进行排序。 这展示了任务从启动以来已使用的总 CPU 时间 但是如果你想要检查一个进程在 Linux 上运行了多长时间请看接下来的文章。 * **[检查 Linux 中进程运行时间的五种方法][4]** ``` # top -bc -o TIME+ | head -n 20 top - 06:45:56 up 8 days, 20:28, 1 user, load average: 0.56, 0.77, 0.81 Tasks: 148 total, 1 running, 146 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 3.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1378664 free, 1094876 used, 1407400 buff/cache KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2440332 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 63:05.70 [rcu_sched] 272 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 16:12.13 [xfsaild/vda1] 3882 root 20 0 229832 6212 1220 S 0.0 0.2 9:00.84 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.75 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22 3761 root 20 0 68784 9820 2048 S 0.0 0.3 5:09.67 tailwatchd 3529 root 20 0 404380 3472 2604 S 0.0 0.1 3:24.98 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n 3520 root 20 0 574208 572 164 S 0.0 0.0 3:07.74 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P 444 dbus 20 0 58444 1144 612 S 0.0 0.0 2:23.90 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation 18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 157152 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:17.29 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 249 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:28.83 [kworker/0:1H] 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.46 [ksoftirqd/1] 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0] 342 root 20 0 39472 2940 2752 S 0.0 0.1 1:18.17 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald ``` ### 5) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并将结果保存到文件中 如果出于解决问题的目的， 你想要和别人分享 top 命令的输出， 请使用以下命令重定向输出到文件中 ``` # top -bc | head -35 > top-report.txt # cat top-report.txt top - 06:47:11 up 8 days, 20:30, 1 user, load average: 0.67, 0.77, 0.81 Tasks: 133 total, 4 running, 129 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 59.4 us, 12.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 28.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1596268 free, 843284 used, 1441388 buff/cache KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2659084 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 9686 daygeekc 20 0 406132 62184 43448 R 94.1 1.6 0:00.34 /opt/cpanel/ea-php56/root/usr/bin/php-cgi 9689 nobody 20 0 256588 24428 1184 S 5.9 0.6 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.79 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 [kthreadd] 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:28.11 [ksoftirqd/0] 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/0:0H] 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:33.96 [migration/0] 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [rcu_bh] 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.0 0.0 63:05.82 [rcu_sched] 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [lru-add-drain] 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.79 [watchdog/0] 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.82 [watchdog/1] 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:44.28 [migration/1] 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.46 [ksoftirqd/1] 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/1:0H] 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 [kdevtmpfs] 19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [netns] 20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.35 [khungtaskd] 21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 [writeback] 22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kintegrityd] 23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset] 24 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kblockd] 25 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [md] 26 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [edac-poller] 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0] 34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [ksmd] 35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:12.80 [khugepaged] 36 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [crypto] ``` ### 如何按照指定字段对结果进行排序 在 top 命令的最新版本中， 按下 **“f”** 键进入字段管理界面。 要使用新字段进行排序， 请使用 **“up/down”** 箭头选择正确的选项， 然后再按下 **“s”** 键进行排序。 最后按 **“q”** 键退出此窗口。 ``` Fields Management for window 1:Def, whose current sort field is %CPU Navigate with Up/Dn, Right selects for move then or Left commits, 'd' or toggles display, 's' sets sort. Use 'q' or to end! PID = Process Id nsUTS = UTS namespace Inode USER = Effective User Name LXC = LXC container name PR = Priority RSan = RES Anonymous (KiB) NI = Nice Value RSfd = RES File-based (KiB) VIRT = Virtual Image (KiB) RSlk = RES Locked (KiB) RES = Resident Size (KiB) RSsh = RES Shared (KiB) SHR = Shared Memory (KiB) CGNAME = Control Group name S = Process Status NU = Last Used NUMA node %CPU = CPU Usage %MEM = Memory Usage (RES) TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths COMMAND = Command Name/Line PPID = Parent Process pid UID = Effective User Id RUID = Real User Id RUSER = Real User Name SUID = Saved User Id SUSER = Saved User Name GID = Group Id GROUP = Group Name PGRP = Process Group Id TTY = Controlling Tty TPGID = Tty Process Grp Id SID = Session Id nTH = Number of Threads P = Last Used Cpu (SMP) TIME = CPU Time SWAP = Swapped Size (KiB) CODE = Code Size (KiB) DATA = Data+Stack (KiB) nMaj = Major Page Faults nMin = Minor Page Faults nDRT = Dirty Pages Count WCHAN = Sleeping in Function Flags = Task Flags CGROUPS = Control Groups SUPGIDS = Supp Groups IDs SUPGRPS = Supp Groups Names TGID = Thread Group Id OOMa = OOMEM Adjustment OOMs = OOMEM Score current ENVIRON = Environment vars vMj = Major Faults delta vMn = Minor Faults delta USED = Res+Swap Size (KiB) nsIPC = IPC namespace Inode nsMNT = MNT namespace Inode nsNET = NET namespace Inode nsPID = PID namespace Inode nsUSER = USER namespace Inode ``` 对 top 命令的旧版本， 请按 **“shift+f”** 或 **“shift+o”** 键进入字段管理界面进行排序。 要使用新字段进行排序， 请选择相应的排序字段字母， 然后按下 **“Enter”** 排序。 ``` Current Sort Field: N for window 1:Def Select sort field via field letter, type any other key to return a: PID = Process Id b: PPID = Parent Process Pid c: RUSER = Real user name d: UID = User Id e: USER = User Name f: GROUP = Group Name g: TTY = Controlling Tty h: PR = Priority i: NI = Nice value j: P = Last used cpu (SMP) k: %CPU = CPU usage l: TIME = CPU Time m: TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths * N: %MEM = Memory usage (RES) o: VIRT = Virtual Image (kb) p: SWAP = Swapped size (kb) q: RES = Resident size (kb) r: CODE = Code size (kb) s: DATA = Data+Stack size (kb) t: SHR = Shared Mem size (kb) u: nFLT = Page Fault count v: nDRT = Dirty Pages count w: S = Process Status x: COMMAND = Command name/line y: WCHAN = Sleeping in Function z: Flags = Task Flags Note1: If a selected sort field can't be shown due to screen width or your field order, the '<' and '>' keys will be unavailable until a field within viewable range is chosen. Note2: Field sorting uses internal values, not those in column display. Thus, the TTY & WCHAN fields will violate strict ASCII collating sequence. (shame on you if WCHAN is chosen) ``` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-run-execute-top-command-in-batch-mode/ 作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[way-ww](https://github.com/way-ww) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ [b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 [1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-top-command-linux-system-performance-monitoring-tool/ [2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/system-monitoring/ [3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/understanding-linux-top-command-output-usage/ [4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-how-long-a-process-has-been-running-in-linux/