ps_mem:一个用于精确报告 Linux 核心内存用量的简单 Python 脚本 ============================================================ [ps_mem][2] 是一个可以帮助我们精确获取 Linux 中各个程序核心内存使用情况的简单 python 脚本。虽然在 Linux 上有很多可用于查看内存使用情况的工具,比如 `free`、`vmstat`、`smem`、`top` 等,但这个工具和其它的区别在于其精确显示核心内存使用情况。 它会分别计算一个程序私有内存总量和共享内存总量,并以更准确的方式给出了总的内存使用量。很明显的,它将帮助大家知道系统中哪个程序正在占用更多的内存。 你可以通过包管理器、`pip` 、或直接运行 `ps_mem.py` 脚本等多种方式来安装 `ps_mem` 工具。需要注意的是:需要有 root 权限。 另外,推荐阅读以下内存工具: - [free – 一个在 Linux 上查看内存用量统计(可用和已用)的标准工具][3] - [smem – Linux 内存报告/统计工具][4] - [vmstat – 一个好用的用于虚拟内存统计的标准工具][5] ### 通过包管理器安装 ps_mem 基于 RHEL 的系统默认仓库就包含 ps_mem 工具,所以我们可以简单地通过包管理器进行安装。 对于 RHEL/CentOS ,使用 [yum 包管理器][6] 安装 `ps_mem` 包: ``` $ sudo yum install ps_mem ``` 对于Fedora ,使用 [dnf 包管理器][7] 安装 ps_mem 包: ``` $ sudo dnf install ps_mem ``` 对于 Arch Linux ,使用 [pacman 包管理器][8] 安装 ps_mem 包: ``` $ sudo pacman -S ps_mem ``` #### 通过 pip 安装 ps_mem `pip` 是在 Linux 上推荐使用的一种安装 Python 包的工具。可以使用 `pip` 命令而不是包管理器去获取最新的版本。使用 `pip` 包前,请确保你的系统上已安装过 `pip` 包。否则,先使用发行版本的包管理器安装 `python-pip` 包。 对于基于 Debian 的系统: ``` $ sudo apt-get install python-pip ``` 对于基于 RHEL/CentOS 的系统: ``` $ sudo yum install python-pip ``` 对于 Fedora ``` $ sudo dnf install python-pip ``` 对于 openSUSE ``` $ sudo zypper install python-pip ``` 对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统: ``` $ sudo pacman -S python-pip ``` 最后,在 Linux 上运行 `pip` 工具安装 `ps_mem` : ``` $ sudo pip install ps_mem ``` ### 直接运行 ps_mem.py 脚本 我们也可以从开发者 github 页面下载文件,并直接运行 `ps_mem.py` 脚本。 ``` $ git clone https://github.com/pixelb/ps_mem.git && cd ps_mem $ sudo python ps_mem.py ``` ### ps_mem 使用方法 不带任何参数直接运行 `ps_mem` 以精确获取每个程序的的核心内存使用情况。 ``` $ sudo ps_mem Private + Shared = RAM used Program 1.6 MiB + 438.5 KiB = 2.1 MiB packagekitd 1.7 MiB + 498.0 KiB = 2.1 MiB indicator-application-service 912.0 KiB + 1.3 MiB = 2.2 MiB window-stack-bridge 2.0 MiB + 350.5 KiB = 2.3 MiB gnome-keyring-daemon 1.8 MiB + 575.0 KiB = 2.3 MiB whoopsie 2.4 MiB + 304.5 KiB = 2.7 MiB systemd-journald 2.7 MiB + 157.5 KiB = 2.8 MiB ibus-engine-simple 2.7 MiB + 182.0 KiB = 2.9 MiB ibus-dconf 2.7 MiB + 332.5 KiB = 3.0 MiB NetworkManager 3.1 MiB + 169.5 KiB = 3.2 MiB polkitd 1.9 MiB + 1.7 MiB = 3.6 MiB systemd (2) 3.4 MiB + 172.5 KiB = 3.6 MiB deja-dup-monitor 2.9 MiB + 685.0 KiB = 3.6 MiB zeitgeist-datahub 2.9 MiB + 848.0 KiB = 3.7 MiB python2.7 3.5 MiB + 442.0 KiB = 4.0 MiB dbus-daemon (3) 3.2 MiB + 951.0 KiB = 4.1 MiB evolution-addressbook-factory 3.9 MiB + 435.0 KiB = 4.3 MiB lightdm (2) 3.7 MiB + 826.5 KiB = 4.5 MiB polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 3.7 MiB + 853.0 KiB = 4.6 MiB unity-fallback-mount-helper 3.7 MiB + 884.0 KiB = 4.6 MiB ibus-x11 4.1 MiB + 590.5 KiB = 4.6 MiB indicator-sound-service 4.5 MiB + 167.0 KiB = 4.7 MiB udisksd 4.3 MiB + 571.0 KiB = 4.9 MiB gnome-session-binary 4.5 MiB + 519.0 KiB = 5.0 MiB zeitgeist-fts 4.2 MiB + 900.5 KiB = 5.1 MiB indicator-printers-service 4.1 MiB + 1.0 MiB = 5.1 MiB bash (2) 3.9 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 5.2 MiB update-notifier 4.8 MiB + 426.0 KiB = 5.2 MiB pulseaudio 4.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 6.0 MiB url-dispatcher 4.3 MiB + 1.7 MiB = 6.0 MiB python3.5 5.2 MiB + 856.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB evolution-addressbook-factory-subprocess 5.6 MiB + 494.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB colord 5.0 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 6.2 MiB bamfdaemon 5.7 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 6.8 MiB evolution-source-registry 5.6 MiB + 1.3 MiB = 6.9 MiB indicator-keyboard-service 5.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 7.1 MiB ibus-ui-gtk3 5.4 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 7.2 MiB notify-osd 6.3 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 7.4 MiB nm-applet 6.4 MiB + 1.4 MiB = 7.8 MiB evolution-calendar-factory 6.3 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 7.8 MiB hud-service 6.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 8.0 MiB unity-panel-service 8.2 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 10.0 MiB unity-settings-daemon 11.1 MiB + 126.5 KiB = 11.2 MiB snapd 8.2 MiB + 3.0 MiB = 11.2 MiB indicator-datetime-service 10.3 MiB + 1.7 MiB = 12.0 MiB evolution-calendar-factory-subprocess (2) 12.5 MiB + 2.8 MiB = 15.3 MiB redshift-gtk 14.5 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 16.3 MiB fluxgui 13.5 MiB + 2.9 MiB = 16.4 MiB gnome-terminal-server 12.7 MiB + 7.6 MiB = 20.4 MiB apache2 (6) 20.8 MiB + 503.0 KiB = 21.3 MiB fwupd 22.8 MiB + 70.0 KiB = 22.9 MiB collectl 22.2 MiB + 10.8 MiB = 33.0 MiB nautilus 70.9 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 72.4 MiB gnome-software 97.9 MiB + 24.8 MiB = 122.8 MiB Xorg 131.9 MiB + 168.0 KiB = 132.1 MiB mysqld 222.1 MiB + 9.4 MiB = 231.5 MiB compiz 286.2 MiB + 11.8 MiB = 298.0 MiB firefox --------------------------------- 1.3 GiB ================================= ``` 输出中打印出全路径: ``` $ sudo ps_mem -s Private + Shared = RAM used Program 3.2 MiB + 951.0 KiB = 4.1 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-addressbook-factory 3.7 MiB + 826.5 KiB = 4.5 MiB /usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 3.7 MiB + 853.0 KiB = 4.6 MiB /usr/lib/unity-settings-daemon/unity-fallback-mount-helper 3.7 MiB + 884.0 KiB = 4.6 MiB /usr/lib/ibus/ibus-x11 --kill-daemon 4.1 MiB + 590.5 KiB = 4.6 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-sound/indicator-sound-service 4.5 MiB + 167.0 KiB = 4.7 MiB /usr/lib/udisks2/udisksd --no-debug 4.3 MiB + 571.0 KiB = 4.9 MiB /usr/lib/gnome-session/gnome-session-binary --session=ubuntu 4.5 MiB + 519.0 KiB = 5.0 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/zeitgeist-fts 4.2 MiB + 900.5 KiB = 5.1 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-printers/indicator-printers-service 4.1 MiB + 1.0 MiB = 5.1 MiB bash (2) 3.9 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 5.2 MiB update-notifier 4.8 MiB + 426.0 KiB = 5.2 MiB /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog 5.0 MiB + 863.0 KiB = 5.9 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-calendar-factory-subprocess --factory local --bus-name org.gnome.evolution.dataserver.Subprocess.Backend.Calendarx2573x3 --own-path /org/gnome/evolution/dataserver/Subprocess/Backend/Calendar/2573/3 4.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 6.0 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/url-dispatcher/url-dispatcher 4.3 MiB + 1.7 MiB = 6.0 MiB python3 -v 5.2 MiB + 856.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-addressbook-factory-subprocess --factory local --bus-name org.gnome.evolution.dataserver.Subprocess.Backend.AddressBookx2637x2 --own-path /org/gnome/evolution/dataserver/Subprocess/Backend/AddressBook/2637/2 5.6 MiB + 494.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB /usr/lib/colord/colord 5.2 MiB + 913.0 KiB = 6.1 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-calendar-factory-subprocess --factory contacts --bus-name org.gnome.evolution.dataserver.Subprocess.Backend.Calendarx2573x2 --own-path /org/gnome/evolution/dataserver/Subprocess/Backend/Calendar/2573/2 5.0 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 6.2 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/bamf/bamfdaemon 5.7 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 6.8 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-source-registry 5.6 MiB + 1.3 MiB = 6.9 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-keyboard/indicator-keyboard-service --use-gtk 5.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 7.1 MiB /usr/lib/ibus/ibus-ui-gtk3 5.4 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 7.2 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/notify-osd 6.3 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 7.4 MiB nm-applet 6.4 MiB + 1.4 MiB = 7.8 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-calendar-factory 6.3 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 7.8 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hud/hud-service 6.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 8.0 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/unity/unity-panel-service 8.2 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 10.0 MiB /usr/lib/unity-settings-daemon/unity-settings-daemon 11.1 MiB + 126.5 KiB = 11.2 MiB /usr/lib/snapd/snapd 8.2 MiB + 3.0 MiB = 11.2 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-service 12.5 MiB + 2.8 MiB = 15.3 MiB /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/redshift-gtk 14.5 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 16.3 MiB /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/fluxgui 13.6 MiB + 2.9 MiB = 16.4 MiB /usr/lib/gnome-terminal/gnome-terminal-server 12.7 MiB + 7.6 MiB = 20.4 MiB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start (6) 20.8 MiB + 503.0 KiB = 21.3 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/fwupd/fwupd 22.8 MiB + 70.0 KiB = 22.9 MiB /usr/bin/perl -w /usr/bin/collectl -D 22.2 MiB + 10.8 MiB = 33.0 MiB nautilus -n 70.9 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 72.4 MiB /usr/bin/gnome-software --gapplication-service 97.9 MiB + 24.8 MiB = 122.8 MiB /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch 131.9 MiB + 168.0 KiB = 132.1 MiB /usr/sbin/mysqld 222.1 MiB + 9.4 MiB = 231.5 MiB /usr/bin/compiz 286.2 MiB + 11.8 MiB = 298.1 MiB /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --------------------------------- 1.3 GiB ================================= ``` 只显示特定的 PID 列表的内存使用情况: ``` $ sudo ps_mem -p 2886,4386 Private + Shared = RAM used Program 13.5 MiB + 2.9 MiB = 16.4 MiB gnome-terminal-server 286.2 MiB + 11.8 MiB = 298.0 MiB firefox --------------------------------- 314.4 MiB ================================= ``` 每 N 秒打印进程内存。以下命令每 2 秒报告一次内存使用情况: ``` $ sudo ps_mem w 2 ``` 只显示内存总量: ``` $ sudo ps_mem -t 1329884160 ``` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.2daygeek.com/ps_mem-report-core-memory-usage-accurately-in-linux/ 作者:[2DAYGEEK][a] 译者:[xllc](https://github.com/xllc) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/ [1]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/ [2]:https://github.com/pixelb/ps_mem [3]:http://www.2daygeek.com/free-command-to-check-memory-usage-statistics-in-linux/ [4]:http://www.2daygeek.com/smem-linux-memory-usage-statistics-reporting-tool/ [5]:http://www.2daygeek.com/linux-vmstat-command-examples-tool-report-virtual-memory-statistics/ [6]:http://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples/ [7]:http://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples/ [8]:http://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples/