How to create LaTeX documents with Emacs
======
In his excellent article, [An introduction to creating documents in LaTeX][1], author [Aaron Cocker][2] introduces the [LaTeX typesetting system][3] and explains how to create a LaTeX document using [TeXstudio][4]. He also lists a few LaTeX editors that many users find helpful in creating LaTeX documents.
This comment on the article by [Greg Pittman][5] caught my attention: "LaTeX seems like an awful lot of typing when you first start...". This is true. LaTeX involves a lot of typing and debugging, if you missed a special character like an exclamation mark, which can discourage many users, especially beginners. In this article, I will introduce you to [GNU Emacs][6] and describe how to use it to create LaTeX documents.
### Creating your first document
Launch Emacs by typing:
```
emacs -q --no-splash helloworld.org
```
The `-q` flag ensures that no Emacs initializations will load. The `--no-splash-screen` flag prevents splash screens to ensure that only one window is open, with the file `helloworld.org`.
![Emacs startup screen][8]
GNU Emacs with the helloworld.org file opened in a buffer window
Let's add some LaTeX headers the Emacs way: Go to **Org** in the menu bar and select **Export/Publish**.
![template_flow.png][10]
Inserting a default template
In the next window, Emacs offers options to either export or insert a template. Insert the template by entering **#** ([#] Insert template). This will move a cursor to a mini-buffer, where the prompt reads **Options category:**. At this time you may not know the category names; press Tab to see possible completions. Type "default" and press Enter. The following content will be inserted:
```
#+TITLE: helloworld
#+DATE: <2018-03-12 Mon>
#+AUTHOR:
#+EMAIL: makerpm@nubia
#+OPTIONS: ':nil *:t -:t ::t <:t H:3 \n:nil ^:t arch:headline
#+OPTIONS: author:t c:nil creator:comment d:(not "LOGBOOK") date:t
#+OPTIONS: e:t email:nil f:t inline:t num:t p:nil pri:nil stat:t
#+OPTIONS: tags:t tasks:t tex:t timestamp:t toc:t todo:t |:t
#+CREATOR: Emacs 25.3.1 (Org mode 8.2.10)
#+DESCRIPTION:
#+EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport
#+KEYWORDS:
#+LANGUAGE: en
#+SELECT_TAGS: export
```
Change the title, date, author, and email as you wish. Mine looks like this:
```
#+TITLE: Hello World! My first LaTeX document
#+DATE: \today
#+AUTHOR: Sachin Patil
#+EMAIL: psachin@redhat.com
```
We don't want to create a Table of Contents yet, so change the value of `toc` from `t` to `nil` inline, as shown below:
```
#+OPTIONS: tags:t tasks:t tex:t timestamp:t toc:nil todo:t |:t
```
Let's add a section and paragraphs. A section starts with an asterisk (*). We'll copy the content of some paragraphs from Aaron's post (from the [Lipsum Lorem Ipsum generator][11]):
```
* Introduction
\paragraph{}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras lorem
nisi, tincidunt tempus sem nec, elementum feugiat ipsum. Nulla in
diam libero. Nunc tristique ex a nibh egestas sollicitudin.
\paragraph{}
Mauris efficitur vitae ex id egestas. Vestibulum ligula felis,
pulvinar a posuere id, luctus vitae leo. Sed ac imperdiet orci, non
elementum leo. Nullam molestie congue placerat. Phasellus tempor et
libero maximus commodo.
```
![helloworld_file.png][13]
The helloworld.org file
With the content in place, we'll export the content as a PDF. Select **Export/Publish** from the **Org** menu again, but this time, type **l** (export to LaTeX), followed by **o** (as PDF file and open). This not only opens PDF file for you to view, but also saves the file as `helloworld.pdf` in the same path as `helloworld.org`.
![org_to_pdf.png][15]
Exporting helloworld.org to helloworld.pdf
![org_and_pdf_file.png][17]
Opening the helloworld.pdf file
You can also export org to PDF by pressing `Alt + x`, then typing "org-latex-export-to-pdf". Use Tab to auto-complete.
Emacs also creates the `helloworld.tex` file to give you control over the content.
![org_tex_pdf.png][19]
Emacs with LaTeX, org, and PDF files open in three different windows
You can compile the `.tex` file to `.pdf` using the command:
```
pdflatex helloworld.tex
```
You can also export the `.org` file to HTML or as a simple text file. What I like about .org files is they can be pushed to [GitHub][20], where they are rendered just like any other markdown formats.
### Creating a LaTeX Beamer presentation
Let's go a step further and create a LaTeX [Beamer][21] presentation using the same file with some modifications as shown below:
```
#+TITLE: LaTeX Beamer presentation
#+DATE: \today
#+AUTHOR: Sachin Patil
#+EMAIL: psachin@redhat.com
#+OPTIONS: ':nil *:t -:t ::t <:t H:3 \n:nil ^:t arch:headline
#+OPTIONS: author:t c:nil creator:comment d:(not "LOGBOOK") date:t
#+OPTIONS: e:t email:nil f:t inline:t num:t p:nil pri:nil stat:t
#+OPTIONS: tags:t tasks:t tex:t timestamp:t toc:nil todo:t |:t
#+CREATOR: Emacs 25.3.1 (Org mode 8.2.10)
#+DESCRIPTION:
#+EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport
#+KEYWORDS:
#+LANGUAGE: en
#+SELECT_TAGS: export
#+LATEX_CLASS: beamer
#+BEAMER_THEME: Frankfurt
#+BEAMER_INNER_THEME: rounded
* Introduction
*** Programming
- Python
- Ruby
*** Paragraph one
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
elit. Cras lorem nisi, tincidunt tempus sem nec, elementum feugiat
ipsum. Nulla in diam libero. Nunc tristique ex a nibh egestas
sollicitudin.
*** Paragraph two
Mauris efficitur vitae ex id egestas. Vestibulum
ligula felis, pulvinar a posuere id, luctus vitae leo. Sed ac
imperdiet orci, non elementum leo. Nullam molestie congue
placerat. Phasellus tempor et libero maximus commodo.
* Thanks
*** Links
- Link one
- Link two
```
We have added three more lines to the header:
```
#+LATEX_CLASS: beamer
#+BEAMER_THEME: Frankfurt
#+BEAMER_INNER_THEME: rounded
```
To export to PDF, press `Alt + x` and type "org-beamer-export-to-pdf".
![latex_beamer_presentation.png][23]
The Latex Beamer presentation, created using Emacs and Org mode
I hope you enjoyed creating this LaTeX and Beamer document using Emacs (note that it's faster to use keyboard shortcuts than a mouse). Emacs Org-mode offers much more than I can cover in this post; you can learn more at [orgmode.org][24].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/4/how-create-latex-documents-emacs
作者：[Sachin Patil][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/psachin
[1]:https://opensource.com/article/17/6/introduction-latex
[2]:https://opensource.com/users/aaroncocker
[3]:https://www.latex-project.org
[4]:http://www.texstudio.org/
[5]:https://opensource.com/users/greg-p
[6]:https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
[7]:/file/392261
[8]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/emacs_startup.png?itok=UnT4PgK5 (Emacs startup screen)
[9]:/file/392266
[10]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/insert_template_flow.png?itok=V_c2KipO (template_flow.png)
[11]:https://www.lipsum.com/feed/html
[12]:/file/392271
[13]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/helloworld_file.png?itok=o8IX0TsJ (helloworld_file.png)
[14]:/file/392276
[15]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/org_to_pdf.png?itok=fNnC1Y-L (org_to_pdf.png)
[16]:/file/392281
[17]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/org_and_pdf_file.png?itok=HEhtw-cu (org_and_pdf_file.png)
[18]:/file/392286
[19]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/org_tex_pdf.png?itok=poZZV_tj (org_tex_pdf.png)
[20]:https://github.com
[21]:https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Beamer
[22]:/file/392291
[23]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/images/life-uploads/latex_beamer_presentation.png?itok=rsPSeIuM (latex_beamer_presentation.png)
[24]:https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-latex-export.html