如何在 CentOS 中添加、启用和禁用一个仓库 ====== 在基于 RPM 的系统上，例如 RHEL、CentOS 等，我们中的许多人使用 yum 包管理器来管理软件的安装、删除、更新、搜索等。 Linux 发行版的大部分软件都来自发行版官方仓库。官方仓库包含大量免费和开源的应用和软件。它很容易安装和使用。 由于一些限制和专有问题，基于 RPM 的发行版在其官方仓库中没有提供某些包。另外，出于稳定性考虑，它不会提供最新版本的核心包。 为了克服这种情况，我们需要安装或启用需要的第三方仓库。对于基于 RPM 的系统，有许多第三方仓库可用，但所建议使用的仓库很少，因为这些不会替换大量的基础包。 建议阅读： - [在 RHEL/CentOS 系统中使用 YUM 命令管理包][1] - [在 Fedora 系统中使用 DNF (YUM 的分支) 命令来管理包][2] - [命令行包管理器和用法列表][3] - [Linux 包管理器的图形化工具][4] 这可以在基于 RPM 的系统上完成，比如 RHEL, CentOS, OEL, Fedora 等。 * Fedora 系统使用 `dnf config-manager [options] [section …]` * 其它基于 RPM 的系统使用 `yum-config-manager [options] [section …]` ### 如何列出启用的仓库 只需运行以下命令即可检查系统上启用的仓库列表。 对于 CentOS/RHEL/OLE 系统： ``` # yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,255 repolist: 8,014 ``` 对于 Fedora 系统： ``` # dnf repolist ``` ### 如何在系统中添加一个新仓库 每个仓库通常都提供自己的 `.repo` 文件。要将此类仓库添加到系统中，使用 root 用户运行以下命令。在我们的例子中将添加 EPEL 仓库 和 IUS 社区仓库，见下文。 但是没有 `.repo` 文件可用于这些仓库。因此，我们使用以下方法进行安装。 对于 EPEL 仓库，因为它可以从 CentOS 额外仓库获得，所以运行以下命令来安装它。 ``` # yum install epel-release -y ``` 对于 IUS 社区仓库，运行以下 bash 脚本来安装。 ``` # curl 'https://setup.ius.io/' -o setup-ius.sh # sh setup-ius.sh ``` 如果你有 `.repo` 文件，在 RHEL/CentOS/OEL 中，只需运行以下命令来添加一个仓库。 ``` # yum-config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo grabbing file http://www.example.com/example.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo example.repo | 413 B 00:00 repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo ``` 对于 Fedora 系统，运行以下命令来添加一个仓库： ``` # dnf config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo ``` 如果在添加这些仓库之后运行 `yum repolist` 命令，你就可以看到新添加的仓库了。Yes，我看到了。 注意：每当运行 `yum repolist` 命令时，该命令会自动从相应的仓库获取更新，并将缓存保存在本地系统中。 ``` # yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile epel/metalink | 6.1 kB 00:00 * epel: epel.mirror.constant.com * ius: ius.mirror.constant.com ius | 2.3 kB 00:00 repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,505 extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 390 updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,255 repolist: 20,909 ``` 每个仓库都有多个渠道，比如测试（Testing）、开发（Dev）和存档（Archive）等。通过导航到仓库文件位置，你可以更好地理解这一点。 ``` # ls -lh /etc/yum.repos.d total 64K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 647 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 May 18 11:07 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 892 May 18 10:36 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.2K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.9K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo.rpmnew -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 957 May 18 10:41 epel.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K Nov 4 2012 epel-testing.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-archive.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-dev.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K May 18 10:41 ius.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-testing.repo ``` ### 如何在系统中启用一个仓库 当你在默认情况下添加一个新仓库时，它将启用它们的稳定仓库，这就是为什么我们在运行 `yum repolist` 命令时获取了仓库信息。在某些情况下，如果你希望启用它们的测试、开发或存档仓库，使用以下命令。另外，我们还可以使用此命令启用任何禁用的仓库。 为了验证这一点，我们将启用 `epel-testing.repo`，运行下面的命令： ``` # yum-config-manager --enable epel-testing Loaded plugins: fastestmirror ==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing ===================================================================================== [epel-testing] bandwidth = 0 base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 baseurl = cache = 0 cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing cost = 1000 enabled = 1 enablegroups = True exclude = failovermethod = priority ftp_disable_epsv = False gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir gpgcakey = gpgcheck = True gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers http_caching = all includepkgs = keepalive = True mdpolicy = group:primary mediaid = metadata_expire = 21600 metalink = mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64 mirrorlist_expire = 86400 name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 old_base_cache_dir = password = persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages proxy = False proxy_dict = proxy_password = proxy_username = repo_gpgcheck = False retries = 10 skip_if_unavailable = False ssl_check_cert_permissions = True sslcacert = sslclientcert = sslclientkey = sslverify = True throttle = 0 timeout = 30.0 username = ``` 运行 `yum repolist` 命令来检查是否启用了 “epel-testing”。它被启用了，我可以从列表中看到它。 ``` # yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Determining fastest mirrors epel/metalink | 18 kB 00:00 epel-testing/metalink | 17 kB 00:00 * epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * epel-testing: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * ius: mirror.team-cymru.com base | 3.7 kB 00:00 centos-sclo-sclo | 2.9 kB 00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00 epel/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00 epel-testing | 4.7 kB 00:00 epel-testing/primary_db | 368 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 ius | 2.3 kB 00:00 ius/primary_db | 216 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 8.1 MB 00:00 ... repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 centos-sclo-sclo CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo 495 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,509 epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 809 extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 390 updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,288 repolist: 22,250 ``` 如果你想同时启用多个仓库，使用以下格式。这个命令将启用 epel、epel-testing 和 ius 仓库： ``` # yum-config-manager --enable epel epel-testing ius ``` 对于 Fedora 系统，运行下面的命令来启用仓库： ``` # dnf config-manager --set-enabled epel-testing ``` ### 如何在系统中禁用一个仓库 无论何时你在默认情况下添加一个新的仓库，它都会启用它们的稳定仓库，这就是为什么我们在运行 `yum repolist` 命令时获取了仓库信息。如果你不想使用仓库，那么可以通过下面的命令来禁用它。 为了验证这点，我们将要禁用 `epel-testing.repo` 和 `ius.repo`，运行以下命令： ``` # yum-config-manager --disable epel-testing ius Loaded plugins: fastestmirror ==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing ===================================================================================== [epel-testing] bandwidth = 0 base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 baseurl = cache = 0 cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing cost = 1000 enabled = 0 enablegroups = True exclude = failovermethod = priority ftp_disable_epsv = False gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir gpgcakey = gpgcheck = True gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers http_caching = all includepkgs = keepalive = True mdpolicy = group:primary mediaid = metadata_expire = 21600 metalink = mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64 mirrorlist_expire = 86400 name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 old_base_cache_dir = password = persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages proxy = False proxy_dict = proxy_password = proxy_username = repo_gpgcheck = False retries = 10 skip_if_unavailable = False ssl_check_cert_permissions = True sslcacert = sslclientcert = sslclientkey = sslverify = True throttle = 0 timeout = 30.0 username = ========================================================================================= repo: ius ========================================================================================= [ius] bandwidth = 0 base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 baseurl = cache = 0 cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius cost = 1000 enabled = 0 enablegroups = True exclude = failovermethod = priority ftp_disable_epsv = False gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgcadir gpgcakey = gpgcheck = True gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgdir gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/headers http_caching = all includepkgs = keepalive = True mdpolicy = group:primary mediaid = metadata_expire = 21600 metalink = mirrorlist = https://mirrors.iuscommunity.org/mirrorlist?repo=ius-centos6&arch=x86_64&protocol=http mirrorlist_expire = 86400 name = IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 old_base_cache_dir = password = persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/packages proxy = False proxy_dict = proxy_password = proxy_username = repo_gpgcheck = False retries = 10 skip_if_unavailable = False ssl_check_cert_permissions = True sslcacert = sslclientcert = sslclientkey = sslverify = True throttle = 0 timeout = 30.0 username = ``` 运行 `yum repolist` 命令检查 “epel-testing” 和 “ius” 仓库是否被禁用。它被禁用了，我不能看到那些仓库，除了 “epel”。 ``` # yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 centos-sclo-sclo CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo 495 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,505 extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,288 repolist: 21,051 ``` 或者，我们可以运行以下命令查看详细信息： ``` # yum repolist all | grep "epel*\|ius*" * epel: mirror.steadfast.net epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 enabled: 12,509 epel-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled epel-testing-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled epel-testing-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-archive IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-archive-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-archive-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-dev IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-dev-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-dev-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-testing IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-testing-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ius-testing-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled ``` 对于 Fedora 系统，运行以下命令来启用一个仓库： ``` # dnf config-manager --set-disabled epel-testing ``` 或者，可以通过手动编辑适当的 repo 文件来完成。为此，打开相应的 repo 文件并将值从 `enabled=0` 改为 `enabled=1`（启用仓库）或从 `enabled=1` 变为 `enabled=0`（禁用仓库）。 即从： ``` [epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 ``` 改为： ``` [epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 ``` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-add-enable-disable-a-repository-dnf-yum-config-manager-on-linux/ 作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ [1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ [2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/ [3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-command-line-package-manager-for-linux/ [4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-graphical-frontend-tool-for-linux-package-manager/