[#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (geekpi) [#]: reviewer: (wxy) [#]: publisher: (wxy) [#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11518-1.html) [#]: subject: (Building container images with the ansible-bender tool) [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/10/building-container-images-ansible) [#]: author: (Tomas Tomecek https://opensource.com/users/tomastomecek) 使用 ansible-bender 构建容器镜像 ====== > 了解如何使用 Ansible 在容器中执行命令。 ![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/201910/30/090738vzbifzfpa6qz9bij.jpg) 容器和 [Ansible][2] 可以很好地融合在一起:从管理和编排到供应和构建。在本文中,我们将重点介绍构建部分。 如果你熟悉 Ansible,就会知道你可以编写一系列任务,`ansible-playbook` 命令将为你执行这些任务。你知道吗,如果你编写 Dockerfile 并运行 `podman build`,你还可以在容器环境中执行此类命令,并获得相同​​的结果。 这是一个例子: ``` - name: Serve our file using httpd hosts: all tasks: - name: Install httpd package: name: httpd state: installed - name: Copy our file to httpd’s webroot copy: src: our-file.txt dest: /var/www/html/ ``` 你可以在 Web 服务器本地或容器中执行这个剧本,并且只要你记得先创建 `our-file.txt`,它就可以工作。 但是这里缺少了一些东西。你需要启动(并配置)httpd 以便提供文件。这是容器构建和基础架构供应之间的区别:构建镜像时,你只需准备内容;而运行容器是另一项任务。另一方面,你可以将元数据附加到容器镜像,它会默认运行命令。 这有个工具可以帮助。试试看 `ansible-bender` 怎么样? ``` $ ansible-bender build the-playbook.yaml fedora:30 our-httpd ``` 该脚本使用 `ansible-bender` 对 Fedora 30 容器镜像执行该剧本,并将生成的容器镜像命名为 `our-httpd`。 但是,当你运行该容器时,它不会启动 httpd,因为它不知道如何操作。你可以通过向该剧本添加一些元数据来解决此问题: ``` - name: Serve our file using httpd hosts: all vars: ansible_bender: base_image: fedora:30 target_image: name: our-httpd cmd: httpd -DFOREGROUND tasks: - name: Install httpd package: name: httpd state: installed - name: Listen on all network interfaces. lineinfile: path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf regexp: '^Listen ' line: Listen 0.0.0.0:80 - name: Copy our file to httpd’s webroot copy: src: our-file.txt dest: /var/www/html ``` 现在你可以构建镜像(从这里开始,请以 root 用户身份运行所有命令。目前,Buildah 和 Podman 不会为无 root 容器创建专用网络): ``` # ansible-bender build the-playbook.yaml PLAY [Serve our file using httpd] **************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************** ok: [our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont] TASK [Install httpd] ***************************************************************** loaded from cache: 'f053578ed2d47581307e9ba3f64f4b4da945579a082c6f99bd797635e62befd0' skipping: [our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont] TASK [Listen on all network interfaces.] ********************************************* changed: [our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont] TASK [Copy our file to httpd’s webroot] ********************************************** changed: [our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont] PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************** our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0 Getting image source signatures Copying blob sha256:4650c04b851c62897e9c02c6041a0e3127f8253fafa3a09642552a8e77c044c8 Copying blob sha256:87b740bba596291af8e9d6d91e30a01d5eba9dd815b55895b8705a2acc3a825e Copying blob sha256:82c21252bd87532e93e77498e3767ac2617aa9e578e32e4de09e87156b9189a0 Copying config sha256:44c6dc6dda1afe28892400c825de1c987c4641fd44fa5919a44cf0a94f58949f Writing manifest to image destination Storing signatures 44c6dc6dda1afe28892400c825de1c987c4641fd44fa5919a44cf0a94f58949f Image 'our-httpd' was built successfully \o/ ``` 镜像构建完毕,可以运行容器了: ``` # podman run our-httpd AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.88.2.106. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message ``` 是否提供文件了?首先,找出你容器的 IP: ``` # podman inspect -f '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' 7418570ba5a0 10.88.2.106 ``` 你现在可以检查了: ``` $ curl http://10.88.2.106/our-file.txt Ansible is ❤ ``` 你文件内容是什么? 这只是使用 Ansible 构建容器镜像的介绍。如果你想了解有关 `ansible-bender` 可以做什么的更多信息,请查看它的 [GitHub][3] 页面。构建快乐! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/building-container-images-ansible 作者:[Tomas Tomecek][a] 选题:[lujun9972][b] 译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://opensource.com/users/tomastomecek [b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 [1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/blocks_building.png?itok=eMOT-ire (Blocks for building) [2]: https://www.ansible.com/ [3]: https://github.com/ansible-community/ansible-bender