[#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (lnrCoder) [#]: reviewer: (wxy) [#]: publisher: (wxy) [#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11503-1.html) [#]: subject: (How to Get the Size of a Directory in Linux) [#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/find-get-size-of-directory-folder-linux-disk-usage-du-command/) [#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) 如何获取 Linux 中的目录大小 ====== 你应该已经注意到，在 Linux 中使用 [ls 命令][1] 列出的目录内容中，目录的大小仅显示 4KB。这个大小正确吗？如果不正确，那它代表什么，又该如何获取 Linux 中的目录或文件夹大小？这是一个默认的大小，是用来存储磁盘上存储目录的元数据的大小。 Linux 上有一些应用程序可以 [获取目录的实际大小][2]。其中，磁盘使用率（`du`）命令已被 Linux 管理员广泛使用。 我将向您展示如何使用各种选项获取文件夹大小。 ### 什么是 du 命令? [du 命令][3] 表示 <ruby>磁盘使用率<rt>Disk Usage</rt></ruby>。这是一个标准的 Unix 程序，用于估计当前工作目录中的文件空间使用情况。 它使用递归方式总结磁盘使用情况，以获取目录及其子目录的大小。 如同我说的那样, 使用 `ls` 命令时，目录大小仅显示 4KB。参见下面的输出。 ``` $ ls -lh | grep ^d drwxr-xr-x 3 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Aug 2 13:57 Bank_Details drwxr-xr-x 2 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Mar 15 2019 daygeek drwxr-xr-x 6 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Feb 16 2019 drive-2daygeek drwxr-xr-x 13 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Jan 6 2019 drive-mageshm drwxr-xr-x 15 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Sep 29 21:32 Thanu_Photos ``` ### 1) 在 Linux 上如何只获取父目录的大小 使用以下 `du` 命令格式获取给定目录的总大小。在该示例中，我们将得到 `/home/daygeek/Documents` 目录的总大小。 ``` $ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents 或 $ du -h --max-depth=0 /home/daygeek/Documents/ 20G /home/daygeek/Documents ``` 详细说明： * `du` – 这是一个命令 * `-h` – 以易读的格式显示大小 (例如 1K 234M 2G) * `-s` – 仅显示每个参数的总数 * `--max-depth=N` – 目录的打印深度 ### 2) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的大小 使用以下 `du` 命令格式获取每个目录（包括子目录）的总大小。 在该示例中，我们将获得每个 `/home/daygeek/Documents` 目录及其子目录的总大小。 ``` $ du -h /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20 20G /home/daygeek/Documents/ 9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek 6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos 5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera 5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos 3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm 2.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos 2.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month 916M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha 454M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup 415M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video 300M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017 288M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017 226M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017 219M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents 213M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos 163M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent 161M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images 154M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017 150M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016 ``` ### 3) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的摘要 使用如下 `du` 命令格式仅获取每个目录的摘要。 ``` $ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10 9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek 6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos 3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm 756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details 272K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png 172K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png 164K /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf 132K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png 112K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png 96K /home/daygeek/Documents/distro-info.xlsx ``` ### 4) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的不含子目录的大小 使用如下 `du` 命令格式来展示每个目录的总大小，不包括子目录。 ``` $ du -hS /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20 5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera 5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos 2.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos 1.5G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm 831M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha 454M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup 300M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017 288M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017 253M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video 226M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017 219M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents 213M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos 163M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent 154M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017 150M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016 127M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2016 100M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2016 94M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2017 92M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images 90M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2017 ``` ### 5) 在 Linux 上如何仅获取一级子目录的大小 如果要获取 Linux 上给定目录的一级子目录（包括其子目录）的大小，请使用以下命令格式。 ``` $ du -h --max-depth=1 /home/daygeek/Documents/ 3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm 4.0K /home/daygeek/Documents/daygeek 756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details 9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek 6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos 20G /home/daygeek/Documents/ ``` ### 6) 如何在 du 命令输出中获得总计 如果要在 `du` 命令输出中获得总计，请使用以下 `du` 命令格式。 ``` $ du -hsc /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10 20G total 9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek 6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos 3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm 756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details 272K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png 172K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png 164K /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf 132K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png 112K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png ``` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.2daygeek.com/find-get-size-of-directory-folder-linux-disk-usage-du-command/ 作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[lnrCoder](https://github.com/lnrCoder) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ [b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 [1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-unix-ls-command-display-directory-contents/ [2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-get-find-size-of-directory-folder-linux/ [3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-usage-files-directories-size-du-command/