如何在 Arch Linux 中查找已安装的专有软件包? ====== ![](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Absolutely-Proprietary-720x340.jpg) 你是狂热的自由软件支持者吗?你目前在使用任何基于 Arch 的 Linux 发行版吗?我有一个小小的提示送给你!现在,你可以轻松地在 Arch Linux 及其变体(如 Antergos、Manjaro Linux 等)中找到已安装的专有软件包。你无需在已安装软件包的网站中参考其许可细节,也无需使用任何其它外部工具来查明软件包是自由的还是专有的。(LCTT 译注:其实下面还是借助了一个外部程序) ### 在 Arch Linux 中查找已安装的专有软件包 一位开发人员开发了一个名为 “[Absolutely Proprietary][5]” 的实用程序,它是一种用于基于 Arch 发行版的专有软件包检测器。它将基于 Arch 系统中的所有安装包与 Parabola 的软件包 [blacklist][1]和 [aur-blacklist][2] 进行比较,然后显示出你的斯托曼自由指数Stallman Freedom Index(“自由/总计”比分)。此外,你可以将该列表保存到文件中,并与其他系统/用户共享或比较。 在安装之前,确保你安装了 Python 和 Git。 然后,`git clone` 仓库: ``` git clone https://github.com/vmavromatis/absolutely-proprietary.git ``` 这条命令将会下载所有内容到你当前工作目录中的 `absolutely-proprietary` 目录。 进入此目录: ``` cd absolutely-proprietary ``` 接着,使用以下命令查找已安装的专有软件: ``` python main.py ``` 这条命令将会下载 `blacklist.txt`、`aur-blacklist.txt`,并将本地已安装的软件包与远程软件包进行比较并显示其指数。 以下是在我的 Arch Linux 桌面的示例输出: ``` Retrieving local packages (including AUR)... Downloading https://git.parabola.nu/blacklist.git/plain/blacklist.txt Downloading https://git.parabola.nu/blacklist.git/plain/aur-blacklist.txt Comparing local packages to remote... ============================================= 47 ABSOLUTELY PROPRIETARY PACKAGES INSTALLED ============================================= Your GNU/Linux is infected with 47 proprietary packages out of 1370 total installed. Your Stallman Freedom Index is 96.57 +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Name | Status | Libre Alternatives | Description | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | chromium-pepper-flash | nonfree | | proprietary Google Chrome EULA, missing sources | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | faac | nonfree | | [FIXME:description] is a GPL'ed package, but has non free code that can't be distributed und| +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | libunrar | nonfree | | part of nonfree unrar, Issue442 | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | opera | nonfree | | nonfree, nondistributable, built from binary installers, etc | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | shutter | nonfree | | need registered user to download (and access website) the source code and depends perl-net-d| +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ttf-ms-fonts | nonfree | | | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ttf-ubuntu-font-family | nonfree | | Ubuntu font license considered non-free by DFSG and Fedora | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | unace | nonfree | | license forbids making competing ACE archivers from unace | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | unrar | nonfree | unar | | | | | fsf | | | | | unrar | | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | virtualbox | nonfree | | contains BIOS which needs a nonfree compiler to build from source (OpenWatcom compiler), doe| +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | wordnet | nonfree | | | +------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Save list to file? (Y/n) ``` ![][4] 如你所见,我的系统中有 47 个专有软件包。就像我说的那样,我们可以将它保存到文件中稍后查看。为此,当提示你将列表保存在文件时,请按 `y`。然后按 `y` 接受默认值,或按 `n` 以你喜欢的格式和位置来保存它。 ``` Save list to file? (Y/n) y Save as markdown table? (Y/n) y Save it to (/tmp/tmpkuky_082.md): y The list is saved at /home/sk/absolutely-proprietary/y.md You can review it from the command line using the "less -S /home/sk/absolutely-proprietary/y.md" or, if installed, the "most /home/sk/absolutely-proprietary/y.md" commands ``` 你可能已经注意到,我只有 **nonfree** 包。它还会显示另外两种类型的软件包,例如 semifree、 uses-nonfree。 * **nonfree**:这个软件包是公然的非自由软件。 * **semifree**:这个软件包大部分是自由的,但包含一些非自由软件。 * **uses-nonfree**:这个软件包依赖、推荐或不恰当地与其他自由软件或服务集成。 该使用程序的另一个显著特点是它不仅显示了专有软件包,而且还显示这些包的替代品。 希望这有些帮助。我很快就会在这里提供另一份有用的指南。敬请关注! 干杯! 资源: - [Absolutely Proprietary][5] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.ostechnix.com/find-installed-proprietary-packages-arch-linux/ 作者:[SK][a] 译者:[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/ [1]:https://git.parabola.nu/blacklist.git/plain/blacklist.txt [2]:https://git.parabola.nu/blacklist.git/plain/aur-blacklist.txt [3]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 [4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Proprietary-Packages-1-1.png [5]:https://github.com/vmavromatis/absolutely-proprietary