diff --git a/sources/tech/20160526 How To Downgrade A Package In Arch Linux.md b/sources/tech/20160526 How To Downgrade A Package In Arch Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3e964b9027..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20160526 How To Downgrade A Package In Arch Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,167 +0,0 @@ -Translating by MjSeven - - -How To Downgrade A Package In Arch Linux -====== - -![](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Arch-Linux-720x340.jpg) -As you might know, Arch Linux is a rolling release and DIY (do-it-yourself) distribution. So you have to be bit careful while updating it often, especially installing or updating packages from the third party repositories like AUR. You might be end up with broken system if you don’t know what you are doing. It is your responsibility to make Arch Linux more stable. However, we all do mistakes. It is difficult to be careful all time. Sometimes, you want to update to most bleeding edge, and you might be stuck with broken packages. Don’t panic! In such cases, you can simply rollback to the old stable packages. This short tutorial describes how to downgrade a package in Arch Linux and its variants like Antergos, Manjaro Linux. - -### Downgrade a package in Arch Linux - -In Arch Linux, there is an utility called** “downgrade”** that helps you to downgrade an installed package to any available older version. This utility will check your local cache and the remote servers (Arch Linux repositories) for the old versions of a required package. You can pick any one of the old stable package from that list and install it. - -This package is not available in the official repositories. You need to add the unofficial **archlinuxfr** repository. - -To do so, edit **/etc/pacman.conf** file: -``` -$ sudo nano /etc/pacman.conf - -``` - -Add the following lines: -``` -[archlinuxfr] -SigLevel = Never -Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch - -``` - -Save and close the file. - -Update the repositories with command: -``` -$ sudo pacman -Sy - -``` - -Then install “Downgrade” utility using the following command from your Terminal: -``` -$ sudo pacman -S downgrade - -``` - -**Sample output:** -``` -resolving dependencies... - looking for conflicting packages... - -Packages (1) downgrade-5.2.3-1 - -Total Download Size: 0.01 MiB - Total Installed Size: 0.10 MiB - -:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] - -``` - -The typical usage of “downgrade” command is: -``` -$ sudo downgrade [PACKAGE, ...] [-- [PACMAN OPTIONS]] - -``` - -Let us say you want to downgrade **opera web browser** to any available old version. - -To do so, run: -``` -$ sudo downgrade opera - -``` - -This command will list all available versions of opera package (both new and old) from your local cache and remote mirror. - -**Sample output:** -``` -Available packages: - - 1) opera-37.0.2178.43-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (local) - 2) opera-37.0.2178.43-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 3) opera-37.0.2178.32-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 4) opera-36.0.2130.65-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 5) opera-36.0.2130.65-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 6) opera-36.0.2130.46-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 7) opera-36.0.2130.46-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 8) opera-36.0.2130.32-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 9) opera-36.0.2130.32-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 10) opera-35.0.2066.92-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 11) opera-35.0.2066.82-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 12) opera-35.0.2066.68-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 13) opera-35.0.2066.37-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 14) opera-34.0.2036.50-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 15) opera-34.0.2036.47-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 16) opera-34.0.2036.25-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 17) opera-33.0.1990.115-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 18) opera-33.0.1990.115-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 19) opera-33.0.1990.58-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 20) opera-32.0.1948.69-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 21) opera-32.0.1948.25-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 22) opera-31.0.1889.174-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 23) opera-31.0.1889.99-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 24) opera-30.0.1835.125-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 25) opera-30.0.1835.88-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 26) opera-30.0.1835.59-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 27) opera-30.0.1835.52-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 28) opera-29.0.1795.60-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 29) opera-29.0.1795.47-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 30) opera-28.0.1750.51-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 31) opera-28.0.1750.48-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 32) opera-28.0.1750.40-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 33) opera-27.0.1689.76-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 34) opera-27.0.1689.69-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 35) opera-27.0.1689.66-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 36) opera-27.0.1689.54-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 37) opera-27.0.1689.54-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 38) opera-26.0.1656.60-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 39) opera-26.0.1656.32-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 40) opera-12.16.1860-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - 41) opera-12.16.1860-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) - -select a package by number: - -``` - -Just type the package number of your choice, and hit enter to install it. - -That’s it. The current installed package will be downgraded to the old version. - -**Also Read:[How To Downgrade All Packages To A Specific Date In Arch Linux][1]** - -##### So, how can avoid broken packages and make Arch Linux more stable? - -Check [**Arch Linux news**][2] and [**forums**][3] before updating Arch Linux to find out if there have been any reported problem. I have been using Arch Linux as my main OS for the past few weeks. Here is some simple tips that I have found over a period of time to avoid installing unstable packages in Arch Linux. - - 1. Avoid partial upgrades. It means that never run “pacman -Sy ”. This command will partially upgrade your system while installing a package. Instead, first use “pacman -Syu” to update the system and then use “package -S ” to a install package. - 2. Avoid using “pacman -Syu –force” command. The –force flag will ignore the package and file conflicts and you might end-up with broken packages or broken system. - 3. Do not skip dependency check. It means that do not use “pacman -Rdd ”. This command will avoid dependency check while removing a package. If you run this command, a critical dependency which is needed by another important package could be removed too. Eventually, it will break your Arch Linux. - 4. It is always a good practice to make regular backup of important data and configuration files to avoid any data loss. - 5. Be careful while installing packages from third party and unofficial repositories like AUR. And do not install packages that are in heavy development. - - - -For more details, check the [**Arch Linux maintenance guide**][4]. - -I am not an Arch Linux expert, and I am still learning to make it more stable. Please feel free to let me know If you have any tips to make Arch Linux stable and safe in the comment section below. I am all ears. - -Hope this helps. That’s all for now. I will be here again with another interesting article soon. Until then, stay tuned with OSTechNix. - -Cheers! - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.ostechnix.com/downgrade-package-arch-linux/ - -作者：[SK][a] -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/ -[1]:https://www.ostechnix.com/downgrade-packages-specific-date-arch-linux/ -[2]:https://www.archlinux.org/news/ -[3]:https://bbs.archlinux.org/ -[4]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/System_maintenance diff --git a/translated/tech/20160526 How To Downgrade A Package In Arch Linux.md b/translated/tech/20160526 How To Downgrade A Package In Arch Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05073898b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20160526 How To Downgrade A Package In Arch Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +如何在 Arch Linux 中降级软件包 +===== + +![](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Arch-Linux-720x340.jpg) +正如你了解的，Arch Linux 是一个滚动版本和 DIY（自己动手）发行版。因此，在经常更新时必须小心，特别是从 AUR 等第三方存储库安装或更新软件包。如果你不知道自己在做什么，那么最终很可能会破坏系统。你有责任使 Arch Linux 更加稳定。但是，我们都会犯错误，要时刻小心是很难的。有时候，你想更新到最新的版本，但你可能会被破损的包卡住。不要惊慌！在这种情况下，你可以简单地回滚到旧的稳定包。这个简短的教程描述了如何在 Arch Linux 中以及它的变体，如 Antergos，Manjaro Linux 中降级一个包， + +### 在 Arch Linux 中降级一个包 + +在 Arch Linux 中，有一个名为 **“downgrade”** 的实用程序，可帮助你将安装的软件包降级为任何可用的旧版本。此实用程序将检查你的本地缓存和远程服务器（Arch Linux 仓库）以查找所需软件包的旧版本。你可以从该列表中选择任何一个旧的稳定的软件包并进行安装。 + +该软件包在官方仓库中不可用，你需要添加非官方的 **archlinuxfr** 仓库。 + +为此，请编辑 **/etc/pacman.conf** 文件： +``` +$ sudo nano /etc/pacman.conf +``` + +添加以下行： +``` +[archlinuxfr] +SigLevel = Never +Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch +``` + +保存并关闭文件。 + +使用以下命令来更新仓库： +``` +$ sudo pacman -Sy +``` + +然后在终端中使用以下命令安装 “Downgrade” 实用程序： +``` +$ sudo pacman -S downgrade +``` + +**示例输出：** +``` +resolving dependencies... + looking for conflicting packages... + +Packages (1) downgrade-5.2.3-1 + +Total Download Size: 0.01 MiB + Total Installed Size: 0.10 MiB + +:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] + +``` + +“downgrade” 命令的典型用法是： + +``` +$ sudo downgrade [PACKAGE, ...] [-- [PACMAN OPTIONS]] +``` + +让我们假设你想要将** opera web 浏览器 **降级到任何可用的旧版本。 + +为此，运行： +``` +$ sudo downgrade opera + +``` + +此命令将从本地缓存和远程镜像列出所有可用的 opera 包（新旧两种版本）。 + +**示例输出：** +``` +Available packages: + + 1) opera-37.0.2178.43-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (local) + 2) opera-37.0.2178.43-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 3) opera-37.0.2178.32-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 4) opera-36.0.2130.65-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 5) opera-36.0.2130.65-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 6) opera-36.0.2130.46-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 7) opera-36.0.2130.46-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 8) opera-36.0.2130.32-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 9) opera-36.0.2130.32-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 10) opera-35.0.2066.92-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 11) opera-35.0.2066.82-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 12) opera-35.0.2066.68-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 13) opera-35.0.2066.37-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 14) opera-34.0.2036.50-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 15) opera-34.0.2036.47-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 16) opera-34.0.2036.25-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 17) opera-33.0.1990.115-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 18) opera-33.0.1990.115-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 19) opera-33.0.1990.58-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 20) opera-32.0.1948.69-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 21) opera-32.0.1948.25-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 22) opera-31.0.1889.174-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 23) opera-31.0.1889.99-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 24) opera-30.0.1835.125-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 25) opera-30.0.1835.88-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 26) opera-30.0.1835.59-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 27) opera-30.0.1835.52-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 28) opera-29.0.1795.60-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 29) opera-29.0.1795.47-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 30) opera-28.0.1750.51-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 31) opera-28.0.1750.48-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 32) opera-28.0.1750.40-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 33) opera-27.0.1689.76-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 34) opera-27.0.1689.69-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 35) opera-27.0.1689.66-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 36) opera-27.0.1689.54-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 37) opera-27.0.1689.54-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 38) opera-26.0.1656.60-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 39) opera-26.0.1656.32-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 40) opera-12.16.1860-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + 41) opera-12.16.1860-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz (remote) + +select a package by number: + +``` + +只需输入你选择的包号码，然后按回车即可安装。 + +就这样。当前安装的软件包将被降级为旧版本。 + +**另外阅读：[在 Arch Linux 中如何将所有软件包降级到特定日期][1]** + +##### 那么，如何避免已损坏的软件包并使 Arch Linux 更加稳定？ + +在更新 Arch Linux 之前查看[** Arch Linux 新闻**][2]和[**论坛**][3]，看看是否有任何已报告的问题。过去几周我一直在使用 Arch Linux 作为我的主要操作系统，以下是我在这段时间内发现的一些简单提示，以避免在 Arch Linux 中安装不稳定的软件包。 + + 1. 避免部分升级。这意味着永远不会运行 “pacman -Sy <软件包名称>”。此命令将在安装软件包时部分升级你的系统。相反，优先使用 “pacman -Syu” 来更新系统，然后使用 “package -S <软件包名称>” 安装软件包。 + 2. 避免使用 “pacman -Syu -force” 命令。-force 标志将忽略程序包和文件冲突，并且可能会以破损的程序包或损坏的系统结束。 + 3. 不要跳过依赖性检查。这意味着不要使用 “pacman -Rdd <软件包名称>”。此命令将在删除软件包时避免依赖性检查。如果你运行这个命令，另一个重要的包所需的关键依赖也可以被删除。最终，它会损坏你的 Arch Linux。 + 4. 定期备份重要数据和配置文件以避免数据丢失总是一个好习惯。 + 5. 安装第三方软件包和 AUR 等非官方软件包时要小心。不要安装那些正在经历重大发展的软件包。 + +有关更多详细信息，请查看[** Arch Linux维护指南**][4]。 + +我不是 Arch Linux 专家，我仍然在学习如何使它更稳定。如果你有任何技巧让 Arch Linux 保持稳定和安全，请在下面的评论部分保持稳定和安全告诉我，我将洗耳恭听。 + +希望这可以有帮助。目前为止这就是全部了。我很快会再次在这里与另一篇有趣的文章。在此之前，请继续关注 OSTechNix。 + +干杯！ + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.ostechnix.com/downgrade-package-arch-linux/ + +作者：[SK][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[1]:https://www.ostechnix.com/downgrade-packages-specific-date-arch-linux/ +[2]:https://www.archlinux.org/news/ +[3]:https://bbs.archlinux.org/ +[4]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/System_maintenance