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Merge pull request #6620 from lujun9972/translate-MjAxNzEwMTAgQ29tcGxldGUgZ3VpZGUgZm9yIGNyZWF0aW5nIFZhZ3JhbnQgYm94ZXMgd2l0aCBWaXJ0dWFsQm94Lm1kCg==
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translating by lujun9972
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Complete guide for creating Vagrant boxes with VirtualBox
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======
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Vagrant is tool for building & managing virtual machines environment, especially development environments. It provides easy to use & easy to replicate/reproducible environment built on top of technologies like Docker, VirtualBox, Hyper-V, Vmware , AWS etc.
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Vagrant Boxes simplifies software configuration part & completely resolves the 'it works on my machine' problem that is usually faced in software development projects. Vagrant, thus increases the development productivity.
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In this tutorial, we will learn to setup Vagrant Boxes on our Linux machines using the VirtualBox.
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### Pre-requisites
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-Vagrant runs on top of a virtualization environment, & we will be using VritualBox for that. We already have a detailed article on "[ **Installing VirtualBox on Linux**][1]", read the article to setup VirtualBox on system.
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Once VirtualBox has been installed, we can move forward with Vagrant setup process.
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**(Recommended Read :[Create your first Docker Container ][2])**
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### Installation
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Once the VirtualBox is up & running on the machine, we will install the latest vagrant package. At the time of writing this tutorial, the latest version of Vagrant is 2.0.0. So download the latest rpm for vagrant using,
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**$ wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/2.0.0/vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.rpm**
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& install the package using ,
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**$ sudo yum install vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.rpm**
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If using Ubuntu, download the latest vagrant package using the following command,
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**$ wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/2.0.0/vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.deb**
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& install it,
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**$ sudo dpkg -i vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.deb**
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Once the installation is complete, we will move on to configuration part.
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### Configuration
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Firstly we need to create a folder where vagrant will install the OS we need, to create a folder
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**$ mkdir /home/dan**
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**$ cd /home/dan/vagrant**
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**Note:-** Its always preferable to create vagrant on your home directory as you might face permissions issue with a local user.
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Now to install the Operating system like CentOS, execute the following command,
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**$ sudo vagrant init centos/7**
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or for installing Ubuntu, run
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**$ sudo vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64**
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![vagrant boxes][3]
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![vagrant boxes][4]
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This will also create a configuration file in the directory created for keeping the vagrant OS, called 'Vagrantfile'. It contains information like OS, Private IP network, Forwarded Port, hostname etc. If we need to build a new operating system, we can also edit the file.
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Once we have created/modified the operating system with vagrant, we can start it up by running the following command,
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**$ sudo vagrant up**
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This might take some time as it operating system is being built with this command & its downloading the required files from Internet. So depending on the Internet speed, this process can take some time.
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![vagrant boxes][5]
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![vagrant boxes][6]
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Once the process completes, you than manage the vagrant instances using the following command,
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Start the vagrant server
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**$ sudo vagrant up**
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Stop the server
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**$ sudo vagrant halt**
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Or to completely remove the server
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**$ sudo vagrant destroy**
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To access the server using ssh,
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**$ sudo vagrant ssh**
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you will get the ssh details while the Vagrant Box is being setup (refer to screenshot above).
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To see the vagrant OS that has been built, you can open the virtual box & you will find it among the Virtual machines created in the VirtualBox. If you are not seeing your machines in VirtualBox, open virtualbox with sudo permissions & Vagrant Boxes should be there.
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![vagrant boxes][7]
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![vagrant boxes][8]
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**Note:-** There are pre-configured Vagrant OS created & can downloaded from the Official Vagrant Website. (<https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search>)
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This completes our tutorial on how to setup a vagrant machine on our CentOS and Ubuntu machines. Please leave any queries you have in the comment box below & we will surely address them.
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If you think we have helped you or just want to support us, please consider these :-
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Connect to us: [Facebook][9] | [Twitter][10] | [Google Plus][11]
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Linux TechLab is thankful for your continued support.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/creating-vagrant-virtual-boxes-virtualbox/
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作者：[Shusain][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
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[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/installing-virtualbox-on-linux-centos-ubuntu/
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[2]:http://linuxtechlab.com/create-first-docker-container-beginners-guide/
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[3]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=721%2C87
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[4]:https://i2.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/vagrant-1.png?resize=721%2C87
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[5]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=980%2C414
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[6]:https://i2.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/vagrant-2-e1510557565780.png?resize=980%2C414
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[7]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=769%2C582
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[8]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/vagrant-3.png?resize=769%2C582
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[9]:https://www.facebook.com/linuxtechlab/
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[10]:https://twitter.com/LinuxTechLab
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[11]:https://plus.google.com/+linuxtechlab
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@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
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使用 VirtualBox 创建 Vagrant boxes 的完全指南
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======
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Vagrant 是一个用来创建和管理虚拟机环境的工具，常用于建设开发环境。 它在 Docker， VirtualBox， Hyper-V， Vmware ， AWS 等技术的基础上构建了一个易于使用且易于复制和重建的环境。
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Vagrant Boxes 简化了软件配置部分的工作并且完全解决了软件开发项目中经常遇到的'它能在我机器上工作'的问题，从而提高开发效率。
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在本文中，我们会在 Linux 机器上学习使用 VirtualBox 来配置 Vagrant Boxes。
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### 前置条件
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Vagrant 是基于虚拟化环境运行的，这里我们使用 VirtualBox 来提供虚拟化环境。 关于如何安装 VirutalBox 我们在 "[ **Installing VirtualBox on Linux**][1]" 中有详细描述， 阅读这篇文章并安装 VirtualBox。
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安装好 VirtualBox 后，下一步就是配置 Vagrant 了。
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**(推荐阅读 :[Create your first Docker Container ][2])**
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### 安装
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VirtualBox 准备好后，我们来安装最新的 vagrant 包。 在写本文的时刻， Vagrant 的最新版本为 2.0.0。 使用下面命令下载最新的 rpm 文件:
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**$ wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/2.0.0/vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.rpm**
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然后安装这个包:
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**$ sudo yum install vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.rpm**
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如果是 Ubuntu，用下面这个命令来下载最新的 vagrant 包:
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**$ wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/2.0.0/vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.deb**
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然后安装它，
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**$ sudo dpkg -i vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.deb**
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安装结束后，就该进入配置环节了。
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### 配置
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首先，我们需要创建一个目录给 vagrant 来安装我们需要的操作系统，
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**$ mkdir /home/dan**
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**$ cd /home/dan/vagrant**
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**注意:-** 推荐在你的用户主目录下创建 vagrant，否则你可能会遇到本地用户相关的权限问题。
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现在执行下面命令来安装操作系统，比如 CentOS:
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**$ sudo vagrant init centos/7**
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如果要安装 Ubuntu 则运行
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**$ sudo vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64**
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![vagrant boxes][3]
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![vagrant boxes][4]
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这还会在存放 vagrant OS 的目录中创建一个叫做 'Vagrantfile' 的配置文件。它包含了一些关于操作系统，私有 IP 网络，转发端口，主机名等信息。 若我们需要创建一个新的操作系统， 也可以编辑这个问题。
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一旦我们用 vagrant 创建/修改了操作系统，我们可以用下面命令启动它:
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**$ sudo vagrant up**
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这可能要花一些时间，因为这条命令要构建操作系统，它需要从网络上下载所需的文件。 因此根据互联网的速度， 这个过程可能会比较耗时。
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![vagrant boxes][5]
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![vagrant boxes][6]
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这个过程完成后，你就可以使用下面这些命令来管理 vagrant 实例了
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启动 vagrant 服务器
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**$ sudo vagrant up**
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关闭服务器
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**$ sudo vagrant halt**
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完全删除服务器
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**$ sudo vagrant destroy**
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使用 ssh 访问服务器
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**$ sudo vagrant ssh**
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我们可以从 Vagrant Box 的启动过程中得到 ssh 的详细信息(参见上面的截屏)。
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如果想看创建的 vagrant OS，可以打开 virtualbox 然后你就能看在 VirtualBox 创建的虚拟机中找到它了。 如果在 VirtualBox 中没有找到， 使用 sudo 权限打开 virtualbox， 然后应该就能看到了。
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![vagrant boxes][7]
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![vagrant boxes][8]
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**注意:-** 在 Vagrant 官方网站(<https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search>)上可以下载预先配置好的 Vagrant OS。
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这就是本文的内容了。如有疑问请在下方留言，我们会尽快回复。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/creating-vagrant-virtual-boxes-virtualbox/
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作者：[Shusain][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
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[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/installing-virtualbox-on-linux-centos-ubuntu/
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[2]:http://linuxtechlab.com/create-first-docker-container-beginners-guide/
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[3]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=721%2C87
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[4]:https://i2.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/vagrant-1.png?resize=721%2C87
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[5]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=980%2C414
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[6]:https://i2.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/vagrant-2-e1510557565780.png?resize=980%2C414
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[7]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=769%2C582
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[8]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/vagrant-3.png?resize=769%2C582
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[9]:https://www.facebook.com/linuxtechlab/
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[10]:https://twitter.com/LinuxTechLab
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[11]:https://plus.google.com/+linuxtechlab
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