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Translate by lujun9972
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Turning a CentOS/RHEL 6 or 7 machine into a router
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======
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In this tutorial we are going to learn to convert RHEL/CentOS 6 & 7 machines into a router by using NATting. Router as we know is layer 3 networking device that is used to connect 2 or more networks i.e. either connecting LAN to WAN or LAN to LAN etc. Router devices are quite expensive & especially for small organizations, that might be a reason for concern. So rather than using a dedicated Hardware, we can use any Linux machine & convert it into a router.
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We will be discussing process for both RHEL/CentOS 6 & 7\. But before we do that, let's discuss the things we will be needing for our setup.
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### Prerequisite
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**1-** A machine with either RHEL/CentOS 6 or 7 installed
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**2-** Two NICs to assign local IP address & WAN IP address respectively
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We must assign IP address to both network interface cards, one IP should be for local area network (information regarding it will be provided by our Network administrator) & other IP should be to access internet, information for WAN IP will be provided by ISP. For example
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**Ifcfg-en0s3 192.168.1.1** (LAN IP address)
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**Ifcfg-en0s5 10.1.1.1 ** (WAN IP address)
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**Note** - Change the interface name according to Linux distro being used.
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Now that we have what we need, we will move onto the setup
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### Step 1 Enabling IP forwarding
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Firstly we will enable IP forwarding on the machine. Process of doing same is same in both RHEL/CentOS 6 & 7\. To enable IP forwarding, run
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```
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$ sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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```
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But this will not persist on system reboot. To make it survive a system reboot, open
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```
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$ vi /etc/sysctl.conf
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```
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& enter the following to the file,
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```
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net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
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```
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Save file & exit. IP forwarding has now been enabled on the system.
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### Step 2 Configuring IPtables/Firewalld rules
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Next we need to start services of IPtables/firewalld on our systems to configure the NATting rule,
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```
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$ systemctl start firewalld (For Centos/RHEL 7)
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$ service iptables start (For Centos/RHEL 6)
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```
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Next step is to configure the NATting rule on the firewall. Run the following command,
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```
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CentOS/RHEL 6
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$ iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o XXXX -j MASQUERADE
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$ service iptables restart CentOS/RHEL 7
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$ firewall-cmd -permanent -direct -passthrough ipv4 -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o XXXX -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.1.0/24
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$ systemctl restart firewalld
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```
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Here, **XXXX** is the name of the network interface with the WAN IP address. This completes configuration of Linux machine as router, next we will test our router after configuring a client machine.
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### Step 3 Configuring the client machine
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To test the router, we need to assign the internal (LAN) IP address as gateway on our client machine, its 192.168.1.1 in our case. So whether using a Windows machine or linux machine as client, make sure that we have 192.168.1.1 as our gateway. Once that's done, open terminal/CMD run a ping test against a website to make sure that internet is accessible on client machine,
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**$ ping google.com
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**
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We can also check by browsing websites via our web browser.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/turning-centosrhel-6-7-machine-router/
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作者：[][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com
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[1]:https://www.facebook.com/linuxtechlab/
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[2]:https://twitter.com/LinuxTechLab
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[3]:https://plus.google.com/+linuxtechlab
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@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
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将安装了 CentOS/RHEL 6/7 的机器转变成路由器
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======
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在本文中，我们将学习通过使用 NAT 技术将安装有 RHEL/CentOS 6 & 7 的及其转变成路由器来用。 我们都知道，路由器是一个工作在第三层的网络设备，用于将 2 个或多个网络连接在一起，即将局域网连接上广域网上或者局域网直接互联。 路由器非常昂贵，尤其对于小型组织来说更是如此，这可能是我们关注路由器的一个原因。 与其使用专用硬件，不如让我们用 Linux 机器转换成路由器来用。
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RHEL/CentOS 6 和 7 上的操作过程我们都会讲。但在开始之前， 让我们先看看需要准备那些东西。
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### 前期条件
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1- 一台装有 RHEL/CentOS 6 或 7 的机器
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2- 两块分别配有本地 IP 和外网 IP 的网卡
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我们需要为两个网卡都分配 IP 地址，一个本地网络的 IP( 由我们的网络管理员提供)，另一个是互联网 IP( 由 ISP 提供)。 像这样：
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```
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Ifcfg-en0s3 192.168.1.1 (LAN IP address)
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Ifcfg-en0s5 10.1.1.1 (WAN IP address)
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```
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**注意** - 不同 Linux 发行版的网卡名是不一样的。
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现在准备工作完成了，可以进行配置了。
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### 步骤 1 启用 IP 转发
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第一步，我们启用 IP 转发。 这一步在 RHEL/CentOS 6 和 7 上是相同的。 运行
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```
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$ sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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```
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但是这样会在系统重启后恢复。要让重启后依然生效需要打开
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```
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$ vi /etc/sysctl.conf
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```
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然后输入下面内容，
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```
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net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
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```
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保存并退出。现在系统就启用 IP 转发了。
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### 步骤 2 配置 IPtables/Firewalld 的规则
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下一步我们需要启动 IPtables/firewalld 服务并配置 NAT 规则，
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```
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$ systemctl start firewalld (For Centos/RHEL 7)
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$ service iptables start (For Centos/RHEL 6)
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```
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然后运行下面命令来配置防火墙的 NAT 规则：
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```
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CentOS/RHEL 6
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$ iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o XXXX -j MASQUERADE
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$ service iptables restart
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CentOS/RHEL 7
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$ firewall-cmd -permanent -direct -passthrough ipv4 -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o XXXX -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.1.0/24
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$ systemctl restart firewalld
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```
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这里，**XXXX** 是配置有外网 IP 的那个网卡名称。 这就将 Linux 及其配置成了路由器了， 下面我们就可以配置客户端然后测试路由器了。
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### 步骤 3 配置客户端
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要测试路由器，我们需要在客户端的网关设置成内网 IP， 本例中就是 192.168.1.1。 因此不管客户机是 Windows 还是 Linux， 请先确保网关是 192.168.1.1。 完成后， 打开终端 /CMD 并 ping 一个网站来测试客户端是否能访问互联网了：
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```
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$ ping google.com
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```
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我们也可以通过网络浏览器访问网站的方式来检查。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/turning-centosrhel-6-7-machine-router/
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作者：[Shusain][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
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[1]:https://www.facebook.com/linuxtechlab/
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[2]:https://twitter.com/LinuxTechLab
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[3]:https://plus.google.com/+linuxtechlab
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