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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to Install Ubuntu Server on a Raspberry Pi)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-server-raspberry-pi/)
[#]: author: (Dimitrios Savvopoulos https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/)
How to Install Ubuntu Server on a Raspberry Pi
======
The [Raspberry Pi][1] is the best-known [single-board computer][2]. Initially, the scope of the Raspberry Pi project was targeted to the promotion of teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing countries.
Its low cost, portability and very low power consumption, made the models far more popular than anticipated. From weather station to home automation, tinkerers built so many [cool projects using Raspberry Pi][3].
The [4th generation of the Raspberry Pi][4], is equipped with features and processing power of a regular desktop computer. But this article is not about using RPi as desktop. Instead, I’ll show you how to install Ubuntu server on Raspberry Pi.
In this tutorial I will use a Raspberry Pi 4 and I will cover the following:
* Installing Ubuntu Server on a microSD card
* Setting up a wireless network connection on the Raspberry Pi
* Accessing your Raspberry Pi via SSH
![][5]
**You’ll need the following things for this tutorial**:
* A micro SD card (8 GB or greater recommended)
* A computer (running Linux, Windows or macOS) with a micro SD card reader
* A Raspberry Pi 2, 3 or 4
* Good internet connection
* An HDMI cable for the Pi 2 & 3 and a micro HDMI cable for the Pi 4 (optional)
* A USB keyboard set (optional)
### Installing Ubuntu Server on a Raspberry Pi
![][6]
I have used Ubuntu for creating Raspberry Pi SD card in this tutorial but you may follow it on other Linux distributions, macOS and Windows as well. This is because the steps for preparing the SD card is the same with Raspberry Pi Imager tool.
The Raspberry Pi Imager tool downloads the image of your [choice of Raspberry Pi OS][7] automatically. This means that you need a good internet connection for downloading data around 1 GB.
#### Step 1: Prepare the SD Card with Raspberry Pi Imager
Make sure you have inserted the microSD card into your computer, and install the Raspberry Pi Imager at your computer.
You can download the Imager tool for your operating system from these links:
* [Raspberry Pi Imager for Ubuntu/Debian][8]
* [Raspberry Pi Imager for Windows][9]
* [Raspberry Pi Imager for MacOS][10]
Despite I use Ubuntu, I won’t use the Debian package that is listed above, but I will install the snap package using the command line. This method can be applied to wider range of Linux distributions.
```
sudo snap install rpi-imager
```
Once you have installed Raspberry Pi Imager tool, find and open it and click on the “CHOOSE OS” menu.
![][11]
Scroll across the menu and click on “Ubuntu” (Core and Server Images).
![][12]
From the available images, I choose the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 64 bit. If you have a Raspberry Pi 2, you are limited to the 32bit image.
**Important Note: If you use the latest Raspberry Pi 4 – 8 GB RAM model, you should choose the 64bit OS, otherwise you will be able to use 4 GB RAM only.**
![][13]
Select your microSD card from the “SD Card” menu, and click on “WRITE”after.
![][14]
If it shows some error, try writing it again. It will now download the Ubuntu server image and write it to the micro SD card.
It will notify you when the process is completed.
![][15]
#### Step 2: Add WiFi support to Ubuntu server
Once the micro SD card flashing is done, you are almost ready to use it. There is one thng that you may want to do before using it and that is to add Wi-Fi support.
With the SD card still inserted in the card reader, open the file manager and locate the “system-boot” partition on the card.
The file that you are looking for and need to edit is named `network-config`.
![][16]
This process can be done on Windows and MacOS too. Edit the **`network-config`** file as already mentioned to add your Wi-Fi credentials.
Firstly, uncomment (remove the hashtag “#” at the beginning) from lines that are included in the rectangular box.
After that, replace myhomewifi with your Wi-Fi network name enclosed in quotation marks, such as “itsfoss” and the “S3kr1t” with the Wi-Fi password enclosed in quotation marks, such as “12345679”.
![][17]
It may look like this:
```
wifis:
wlan0:
dhcp4: true
optional: true
access-points:
"your wifi name":
password: "your_wifi_password"
```
Save the file and insert the micro SD card into your Raspberry Pi. During the first boot, if your Raspberry Pi fails connect to the Wi-Fi network, simply reboot your device.
#### Step 3: Use Ubuntu server on Raspberry Pi (if you have dedicated monitor, keyboard and mouse for Raspberry Pi)
If you have got an additional set of mouse, keyboard and a monitor for the Raspberry Pi, you can use easily use it like any other computer (but without GUI).
Simply insert the micro SD card to the Raspberry Pi, plug in the monitor, keyboard and mouse. Now [turn on your Raspberry Pi][18]. It will present TTY login screen (black terminal screen) and aks for username and password.
* Default username: ubuntu
* Default password: ubuntu
When prompted, use “**ubuntu**” for the password. Right after a successful login, [Ubuntu will ask you to change the default password][19].
Enjoy your Ubuntu Server!
#### Step 3: Connect remotely to your Raspberry Pi via SSH (if you don’t have monitor, keyboard and mouse for Raspberry Pi)
It is okay if you don’t have a dedicated monitor to be used with Raspberry Pi. Who needs a monitor with a server when you can just SSH into it and use it the way you want?
**On Ubuntu and Mac OS**, an SSH client is usually already installed. To connect remotely to your Raspberry Pi, you need to discover its IP address. Check the [devices connected to your network][20] and see which one is the Raspberry Pi.
Since I don’t have access to a Windows machine, you can access a comprehensive guide provided by [Microsoft][21].
Open a terminal and run the following command:
```
ssh [email protected]_pi_ip_address
```
You will be asked to confirm the connection with the message:
```
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])?
```
Type “yes” and click the enter key.
![][22]
When prompted, use “ubuntu” for the password as mentioned earlier. You’ll be asked to change the password of course.
Once done, you will be automatically logged out and you have to reconnect, using your new password.
Your Ubuntu server is up and running on a Raspberry Pi!
**Conclusion**
Installing Ubuntu Server on a Raspberry Pi is an easy process and it comes pre-configured at a great degree which the use a pleasant experience.
I have to say that among all the [operating systems that I tried on my Raspberry Pi][7], Ubuntu Server was the easiest to install. I am not exaggerating. Check my guide on [installing Arch Linux on Raspberry Pi][23] for reference.
I hope this guide helped you in installing Ubuntu server on your Raspberry Pi as well. If you have questions or suggestions, please let me know in the comment section.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-server-raspberry-pi/
作者：[Dimitrios Savvopoulos][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-alternatives/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-projects/
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-4/
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Ubuntu-Server-20.04.1-LTS-aarch64.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ubuntu-server-raspberry-pi.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-os/
[8]: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager_amd64.deb
[9]: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager.exe
[10]: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager.dmg
[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/raspberry-pi-imager.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[12]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/raspberry-pi-imager-choose-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/raspberry-pi-imager-ubuntu-server.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[14]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/raspberry-pi-imager-sd-card.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ubuntu-server-installed-raspberry-pi.png?resize=799%2C506&ssl=1
[16]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ubuntu-server-pi-network-config.png?resize=800%2C565&ssl=1
[17]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Ubuntu-server-wifi.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/turn-on-raspberry-pi/
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/change-password-ubuntu/
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-find-what-devices-are-connected-to-network-in-ubuntu/
[21]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_install_firstuse
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ubuntu-server-change-password.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-raspberry-pi/

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@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to Install Ubuntu Server on a Raspberry Pi)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-server-raspberry-pi/)
[#]: author: (Dimitrios Savvopoulos https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/)
如何在树莓派上安装 Ubuntu 服务器？
======
[树莓派][1]是最著名的[单板计算机][2]。最初，树莓派项目的范围是针对促进学校和发展中国家的计算机基础科学教学。
它的低成本、便携性和极低的功耗，使得它的受欢迎程度远远超过预期。从气象站到家庭自动化，玩家们用树莓派搭建了许多[酷炫的项目][3]。
[第四代树莓派][4]具备了普通台式电脑的功能和处理能力。但本文并不是要介绍如何使用树莓派作为桌面。相反，我会告诉你如何在树莓派上安装 Ubuntu 服务器。
在本教程中，我将使用树莓派 4，以下是我将介绍的内容：
* 在 microSD 卡上安装 Ubuntu 服务器
* 在树莓派上设置无线网络连接
* 通过 SSH 访问你的树莓派
![][5]
**本教程需要以下东西**：
* 一张 micro SD 卡（建议使用 8GB 或更大的卡）
* 一台带有 micro SD 卡读卡器的计算机（运行 Linux、Windows 或 macOS）
* 树莓派 2、3 或 4
* 良好的互联网连接
* 用于树莓派 2 和 3 的 HDMI 线和用于树莓派 4的 micro HDMI 线（可选）
* 一套 USB 键盘（可选）
### 在树莓派上安装 Ubuntu 服务器
![][6]
在本教程中，我使用 Ubuntu 来创建树莓派 SD 卡，但你可以在其他 Linux 发行版、macOS 和 Windows 上创建它。这是因为准备 SD 卡的步骤对 Raspberry Pi Imager 工具而言是一样的。
Raspberry Pi Imager 工具会自动下载你[选择树莓派系统][7]的镜像。这意味着你需要一个良好的网络连接来下载 1GB 左右的数据。
#### 步骤 1：用 Raspberry Pi Imager 准备 SD 卡
确保你已将 microSD 卡插入电脑，并在电脑上安装 Raspberry Pi Imager。
你可以从这些链接中下载适合你操作系统的 Imager 工具：
* [用于 Ubuntu/Debian 的 Raspberry Pi Imager][8]
* [用于 Windows 的 Raspberry Pi Imager][9]
* [用于 MacOS 的 Raspberry Pi Imager][10]
尽管我使用的是 Ubuntu，但我不会使用上面列出的 Debian 软件包，而是使用命令行安装 snap 包。这个方法可以适用于更广泛的 Linux 发行版。
```
sudo snap install rpi-imager
```
安装好 Raspberry Pi Imager 工具后，找到并打开它，点击 ”CHOOSE OS“ 菜单。
![][11]
滚动菜单并点击 ”Ubuntu“ （核心和服务器镜像）。
![][12]
从可用的镜像中，我选择了 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 64 位。如果你有一个树莓派 2，那你只能选择 32 位镜像。
**重要提示：如果你使用的是最新的树莓派 4 - 8 GB 内存型号，你应该选择 64 位操作系统，否则只能使用 4 GB 内存。**
![][13]
从 “SD Card” 菜单中选择你的 microSD 卡，然后点击 ”WRITE“。
![][14]
如果它显示一些错误，请尝试再次写入它。现在它将下载 Ubuntu 服务器镜像并将其写入 micro SD 卡。
当这个过程完成时，它将通知你。
![][15]
#### 步骤 2：在 Ubuntu 服务器上添加 WiFi 支持
烧录完 micro SD 卡后，你就差不多可以使用它了。在使用它之前，有一件事情你可能想做，那就是添加 Wi-Fi 支持。
SD 卡仍然插入读卡器中，打开文件管理器，找到卡上的 ”system-boot” 分区。
你要找的和需要编辑的文件名为 `network-config`。
![][16]
这个过程也可以在 Windows 和 MacOS 上完成。如前所述，编辑 **`network-config`** 文件，添加你的 Wi-Fi 凭证。
首先，取消矩形框内的行的注释（删除开头的标签 “#”），然后将 myhomewifi 替换为你的 Wi-Fi 网络名称。
之后，将 myhomewifi 替换为你的 Wi-Fi 网络名，用引号括起来，比如 ”itsfoss“，将 ”S3kr1t“ 替换为 Wi-Fi 密码，用引号括起来，比如 ”12345679“。
![][17]
它可能看上去像这样：
```
wifis:
wlan0:
dhcp4: true
optional: true
access-points:
"your wifi name":
password: "your_wifi_password"
```
保存文件并将 micro SD 卡插入到你的树莓派中。在第一次启动时，如果你的树莓派无法连接到 Wi-Fi 网络，只需重启你的设备。
#### 步骤 3：在树莓派上使用 Ubuntu 服务器（如果你有专门的显示器、键盘和鼠标的话）
如果你有一套额外的鼠标，键盘和显示器，你可以很容易地像其他电脑一样使用树莓派（但没有 GUI）。
只需将 micro SD 卡插入树莓派，连接显示器、键盘和鼠标。现在[打开你的树莓派][18]。它将出现 TTY 登录屏幕（黑色终端屏幕）并询问用户名和密码。
* 默认用户名：ubuntu
* 默认密码：ubuntu
看到提示时，用 “**ubuntu**” 作为密码。登录成功后，[Ubuntu 会要求你更改默认密码][19]。
享受你的 Ubuntu 服务器吧!
#### 步骤 3：通过 SSH 远程连接到你的树莓派（如果你没有树莓派的显示器、键盘和鼠标的话）
如果你没有专门的显示器与树莓派一起使用也没关系。当你可以直接通过 SSH 进入它并按照你的方式使用它时，谁还需要一个带有显示器的服务器呢？
**在 Ubuntu 和 Mac OS**上，通常已经安装了一个 SSH 客户端。要远程连接到你的树莓派，你需要发现它的 IP 地址。检查[连接到你的网络的设备][20]，看看哪个是树莓派。
由于我没有 Windows 机器，你可以访问[微软][21]提供的综合指南。
打开终端，运行以下命令：
```
ssh [email protected]_pi_ip_address
```
你可能会看到以下信息确认连接：
```
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])?
```
输入 ”yes“，然后点击回车键。
![][22]
当提示时，用前面提到的 ”ubuntu“ 作为密码。当然，你会被要求更改密码。
完成后，你将自动注销，你必须使用新密码重新连接。
你的 Ubuntu 服务器就可以在树莓派上运行了!
**总结**
在树莓派上安装 Ubuntu 服务器是一个简单的过程，而且它的预配置程度很高，使用起来很愉快。
我不得不说，在所有[我在树莓派上尝试的操作系统][7]中，Ubuntu 服务器是最容易安装的。我并没有夸大其词。请查看我的[在树莓派上安装 Arch Linux][23]的指南，以供参考。
希望这篇指南也能帮助你在树莓派上安装 Ubuntu 服务器。如果你有问题或建议，请在评论区告诉我。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-server-raspberry-pi/
作者：[Dimitrios Savvopoulos][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-alternatives/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-projects/
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-4/
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Ubuntu-Server-20.04.1-LTS-aarch64.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ubuntu-server-raspberry-pi.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-os/
[8]: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager_amd64.deb
[9]: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager.exe
[10]: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager.dmg
[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/raspberry-pi-imager.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[12]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/raspberry-pi-imager-choose-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/raspberry-pi-imager-ubuntu-server.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[14]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/raspberry-pi-imager-sd-card.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ubuntu-server-installed-raspberry-pi.png?resize=799%2C506&ssl=1
[16]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ubuntu-server-pi-network-config.png?resize=800%2C565&ssl=1
[17]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Ubuntu-server-wifi.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/turn-on-raspberry-pi/
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/change-password-ubuntu/
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-find-what-devices-are-connected-to-network-in-ubuntu/
[21]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_install_firstuse
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ubuntu-server-change-password.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-raspberry-pi/