From fb794e5087419a601d9154465ff07bc2fcc5b4fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 11 Sep 2018 08:53:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- sources/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md | 132 ------------------- translated/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md | 130 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 130 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md b/sources/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md deleted file mode 100644 index a02fce1fe5..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -translating---geekpi - -Why I love Xonsh -====== - -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/shelloff.png?itok=L8pjHXjW) - -Shell languages are useful for interactive use. But this optimization often comes with trade-offs against using them as programming languages, which is sometimes felt when writing shell scripts. - -What if your shell also understood a more scalable programming language? Say, Python? - -Enter [Xonsh][1]. - -Installing Xonsh is as simple as creating a virtual environment, running `pip install xonsh[ptk,linux]`, and then running `xonsh`. - -At first, you might wonder why your Python shell has a weird prompt: -``` -$ 1+1 -2 -``` - -Nice calculator! -``` -$ print("hello world") -hello world -``` - -We can also call other functions: -``` -$ from antigravity import geohash -$ geohash(37.421542, -122.085589, b'2005-05-26-10458.68') -37.857713 -122.544543 -``` - -However, we can still use it like a regular shell: -``` -$ echo "hello world" -hello world -``` - -We can even mix and match! -``` -$ for i in range(3): -.     echo "hello world" -. -hello world -hello world -hello world -``` - -Xonsh supports completion for both shell commands and Python expressions by using the [Prompt Toolkit][2]. Completions are visually informative, showing possible completions and having in-band dropdown lists. - -It also supports environment access. It uses a simple but powerful heuristic for applying Python types to environment variables. The default is "string," but, for example, path variables are automatically lists. -``` -$ '/usr/bin' in $PATH -True -``` - -Xonsh accepts either shell-style or Python-style boolean shortcut operators: -``` -$ cat things -foo -$ grep -q foo things and echo "found" -found -$ grep -q bar things && echo "found" -$ grep -q foo things or echo "found" -$ grep -q bar things || echo "found" -found -``` - -This means that Python keywords are interpreted. If we want to print the title of a famous Dr. Seuss book, we need to quote the keywords. -``` -$ echo green eggs "and" ham -green eggs and ham -``` - -If we do not, we are in for a surprise: -``` -$ echo green eggs and ham -green eggs -xonsh: For full traceback set: $XONSH_SHOW_TRACEBACK = True -xonsh: subprocess mode: command not found: ham -Did you mean one of the following? -    as:   Command (/usr/bin/as) -    ht:   Command (/usr/bin/ht) -    mag:  Command (/usr/bin/mag) -    ar:   Command (/usr/bin/ar) -    nm:   Command (/usr/bin/nm) -``` - -Virtual environments can get a little tricky. Regular virtual environments, depending as they do on Bash-like syntax, cannot work. However, Xonsh comes with its own virtual environment management system called `vox`. - -`vox` can create, activate and deactivate environments in `~/.virtualenvs`; if you've used `virtualenvwrapper`, this is where the environments were. - -Note that the current activated environment doesn't affect `x``onsh`. It can't import anything from an activated environment. -``` -$ xontrib load vox -$ vox create my-environment                                                     -... -$ vox activate my-environment         -Activated "my-environment".                                                     -$ pip install money                                                             -... -$ python                                                               -... ->>> import money                                                               ->>> money.Money('3.14')                         -$ import money -xonsh: For full traceback set: $XONSH_SHOW_TRACEBACK = True -ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'money' -``` - -The first line enables `vox`: it is a `xontrib`, a third-party extension for Xonsh. The `xontrib` manager can list all possible `xontribs` and their current state (installed, loaded, or neither). - -It's possible to write a `xontrib` and just upload it to `PyPi` to make it available. However, it's good practice to add it to the `xontrib` index so Xonsh knows about it in advance. This allows, for example, the configuration wizard to suggest it. - -If you've ever wondered, "can Python be my shell?" then you are only a `pip install xonsh` away from finding out. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/xonsh-bash-alternative - -作者：[Moshe Zadka][a] -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez -[1]: https://xon.sh/ -[2]: https://python-prompt-toolkit.readthedocs.io/en/master/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md b/translated/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f3506d6b6a --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20180904 Why I love Xonsh.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +我为什么喜欢 Xonsh +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/shelloff.png?itok=L8pjHXjW) + +Shell 语言对交互式使用很有用。但是在使用它们作为编程语言时这种优化需要权衡，这有时在编写 shell 脚本时会感觉到。 + +如果你的 shell 时一种更可伸缩的语言会怎样？比如说，Python？ + +进入 [Xonsh][1]。 + +安装 Xonsh 就像创建虚拟环境一样简单，运行 `pip install xonsh [ptk，linux]`，然后运行 `xonsh`。 + +首先，你可能想知道为什么你的 Python shell 有一个奇怪的提示： +``` +$ 1+1 +2 +``` + +好的计算器！ +``` +$ print("hello world") +hello world +``` + +我们还可以调用其他函数： +``` +$ from antigravity import geohash +$ geohash(37.421542, -122.085589, b'2005-05-26-10458.68') +37.857713 -122.544543 +``` + +然而，我们仍然可以像常规 shell 一样使用它： +``` +$ echo "hello world" +hello world +``` + +我们甚至可以混搭！ +``` +$ for i in range(3): +.     echo "hello world" +. +hello world +hello world +hello world +``` + +Xonsh 支持使用 [Prompt Toolkit][2] 补全 shell 命令和 Python 表达式。补全有可视化提示，会显示可能的补全并有下拉列表。 + +它还支持访问环境变量。它使用简单但强大的启发式方法将 Python 类型应用于环境变量。默认值为 “string”，但是，例如，路径变量是自动列表。 +``` +$ '/usr/bin' in $PATH +True +``` + +Xonsh 接受 shell 形式或 Python 形式的布尔快捷运算符： +``` +$ cat things +foo +$ grep -q foo things and echo "found" +found +$ grep -q bar things && echo "found" +$ grep -q foo things or echo "found" +$ grep -q bar things || echo "found" +found +``` + +这意味着 Python 关键字是被解释了。如果我们想要打印著名的 Dr. Seuss 书的标题，我们需要引用关键词。 +``` +$ echo green eggs "and" ham +green eggs and ham +``` + +如果我们不这样做，我们会感到惊讶： +``` +$ echo green eggs and ham +green eggs +xonsh: For full traceback set: $XONSH_SHOW_TRACEBACK = True +xonsh: subprocess mode: command not found: ham +Did you mean one of the following? +    as:   Command (/usr/bin/as) +    ht:   Command (/usr/bin/ht) +    mag:  Command (/usr/bin/mag) +    ar:   Command (/usr/bin/ar) +    nm:   Command (/usr/bin/nm) +``` + +虚拟环境可能会有点棘手。一般的虚拟环境（取决于它们类似 Bash 的语法）无法工作。但是，Xonsh 自带了一个名为 `vox` 的虚拟环境管理系统。 + +`vox` 可以创建，激活和停用 `~/.virtualenvs` 中的环境。如果你用过 `virtualenvwrapper`，这就是环境变量所在的地方。 + +请注意，当前激活的环境不会影响 `xonsh`。它无法从激活的环境中导入任何内容。 +``` +$ xontrib load vox +$ vox create my-environment                                                     +... +$ vox activate my-environment         +Activated "my-environment".                                                     +$ pip install money                                                             +... +$ python                                                               +... +>>> import money                                                               +>>> money.Money('3.14')                         +$ import money +xonsh: For full traceback set: $XONSH_SHOW_TRACEBACK = True +ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'money' +``` + +第一行启用 `vox`：它是一个 `xontrib`，Xonsh 的一个第三方扩展。`xontrib` 管理器可以列出所有可能的 `xontribs` 及其当前状态（已安装，已加载或未加载）。 + +可以编写一个 `xontrib` 并上传到 `PyPi` 以使其可用。但是，最好将它添加到 `xontrib` 索引中，以便 Xonsh 提前知道它。比如，这能让配置向导建议它。 + +如果你曾经想过，“Python 可以成为我的 shell 吗？”，然后你只要 `pip install xonsh` 一下就能知道。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/xonsh-bash-alternative + +作者：[Moshe Zadka][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez +[1]: https://xon.sh/ +[2]: https://python-prompt-toolkit.readthedocs.io/en/master/