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sources/news/20190606 Zorin OS Becomes Even More Awesome With Zorin 15 Release.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (qfzy1233)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Zorin OS Becomes Even More Awesome With Zorin 15 Release)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/zorin-os-15-release/)
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
Zorin OS Becomes Even More Awesome With Zorin 15 Release
======
Zorin OS has always been known as one of the [beginner-focused Linux distros][1] out there. Yes, it may not be the most popular – but it sure is a good distribution specially for Windows migrants.
A few years back, I remember, a friend of mine always insisted me to install [Zorin OS][2]. Personally, I didn’t like the UI back then. But, now that Zorin OS 15 is here – I have more reasons to get it installed as my primary OS.
Fret not, in this article, we’ll talk about everything that you need to know.
### New Features in Zorin 15
Let’s see the major changes in the latest release of Zorin. Zorin 15 is based on Ubuntu 18.04.2 and thus it brings the performance improvement under the hood. Other than that, there are several UI (User Interface) improvements.
#### Zorin Connect
![Zorin Connect][3]
Zorin OS 15’s main highlight is – Zorin Connect. If you have an Android device, you are in for a treat. Similar to [PushBullet][4], [Zorin Connect][5] integrates your phone with the desktop experience.
You get to sync your smartphone’s notifications on your desktop while also being able to reply to it. Heck, you can also reply to the SMS messages and view those conversations.
In addition to these, you get the following abilities:
* Share files and web links between devices
* Use your phone as a remote control for your computer
* Control media playback on your computer from your phone, and pause playback automatically when a phone call arrives
As mentioned in their [official announcement post][6], the data transmission will be on your local network and no data will be transmitted to the cloud. To access Zorin Connect, navigate your way through – Zorin menu > System Tools > Zorin Connect.
[Get ZORIN CONNECT ON PLAY STORE][5]
#### New Desktop Theme (with dark mode!)
![Zorin Dark Mode][7]
I’m all in when someone mentions “Dark Mode” or “Dark Theme”. For me, this is the best thing that comes baked in with Zorin OS 15.
[][8]
Suggested read Necuno is a New Open Source Smartphone Running KDE
It’s so pleasing to my eyes when I enable the dark mode on anything, you with me?
Not just a dark theme, the UI is a lot cleaner and intuitive with subtle new animations. You can find all the settings from the Zorin Appearance app built-in.
#### Adaptive Background & Night Light
You get an option to let the background adapt according to the brightness of the environment every hour of the day. Also, you can find the night mode if you don’t want the blue light to stress your eyes.
#### To do app
![Todo][9]
I always wanted this to happen so that I don’t have to use a separate service that offers a Linux client to add my tasks. It’s good to see a built-in app with integration support for Google Tasks and Todoist.
#### There’s More?
Yes! Other major changes include the support for Flatpak, a touch layout for convertible laptops, a DND mode, and some redesigned apps (Settings, Libre Office) to give you better user experience.
If you want the detailed list of changes along with the minor improvements, you can follow the [announcement post][6]. If you are already a Zorin user, you would notice that they have refreshed their website with a new look as well.
### Download Zorin OS 15
**Note** : _Direct upgrades from Zorin OS 12 to 15 – without needing to re-install the operating system – will be available later this year._
In case you didn’t know, there are three versions of Zorin OS – Ultimate, Core, and the Lite version.
If you want to support the devs and the project while unlocking the full potential of Zorin OS, you should get the ultimate edition for $39.
If you just want the essentials, the core edition will do just fine (which you can download for free). In either case, if you have an old computer, the lite version is the one to go with.
[DOWNLOAD ZORIN OS 15][10]
**What do you think of Zorin 15?**
[][11]
Suggested read Ubuntu 14.04 Codenamed Trusty Tahr
I’m definitely going to give it a try as my primary OS – fingers crossed. What about you? What do you think about the latest release? Feel free to let us know in the comments below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/zorin-os-15-release/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-beginners/
[2]: https://zorinos.com/
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/zorin-connect.jpg?fit=800%2C473&ssl=1
[4]: https://www.pushbullet.com/
[5]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zorinos.zorin_connect&hl=en_IN
[6]: https://zoringroup.com/blog/2019/06/05/zorin-os-15-is-here-faster-easier-more-connected/
[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/zorin-dark-mode.jpg?fit=722%2C800&ssl=1
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/necunos-linux-smartphone/
[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Todo.jpg?fit=800%2C652&ssl=1
[10]: https://zorinos.com/download/
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-1404-codenamed-trusty-tahr/

2
sources/news/20190628 Undo releases Live Recorder 5.0 for Linux debugging.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )

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sources/tech/20190523 Run your blog on GitHub Pages with Python.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (QiaoN)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/run-your-blog-github-pages-python
作者：[Erik O'Shaughnessy][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[QiaoN](https://github.com/QiaoN)
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

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sources/tech/20190627 How to use Tig to browse Git logs.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to use Tig to browse Git logs)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/6/what-tig)
[#]: author: (Olaf Alders https://opensource.com/users/oalders/users/mbbroberg/users/marcobravo)
How to use Tig to browse Git logs
======
Tig is more than just a text-mode interface for Git. Here's how it can enhance your daily workflow.
![A person programming][1]
If you work with Git as your version control system, you've likely already resigned yourself to the fact that Git is a complicated beast. It is a fantastic tool, but it can be cumbersome to navigate Git repositories. That's where a tool like [Tig][2] comes in.
From the [Tig man page][3]:
> Tig is an ncurses-based text-mode interface for git(1). It functions mainly as a Git repository browser, but can also assist in staging changes for commit at chunk level and act as a pager for output from various Git commands.
This basically means that Tig provides a text-based user interface you can run in your terminal. Tig makes it easy to browse your Git logs, but it can do much more than just bounce you around from your last commit to a previous one.
![Tig screenshot][4]
Many of the examples in this quick introduction to Tig have been poached directly from its excellent man page. I highly recommend reading it to learn more.
### Install Tig
* Fedora and RHEL: **sudo dnf install tig**
* Ubuntu and Debian: **sudo apt install tig**
* MacOS: **brew install tig**
See the official [installation instructions][5] for even more options.
### Browse commits in your current branch
If you want to browse the latest commits in your branch, enter:
```
`tig`
```
That's it. This three-character command will launch a browser where you can navigate the commits in your current branch. You can think of it as a wrapper around **git log**.
To navigate the output, you can use the Up and Down arrow keys to move from one commit to another. Pressing the Return/Enter key will open a vertical split with the contents of the chosen commit on the right-hand side. You can continue to browse up and down in your commit history on the left-hand side, and your changes will appear on the right. Use **k** and **j** to navigate up and down by line and **-** and the Space Bar to page up and down on the right-hand side. Use **q** to exit the right-hand pane.
Searching on **tig** output is simple as well. Use **/** to search forward and **?** to search backward on both the left and right panes.
![Searching Tig][6]
That's enough to get you started navigating your commits. There are too many key bindings to cover here, but clicking **h** will display a Help menu where you can discover its navigation and command options. You can also use **/** and **?** to search the Help menu. Use **q** to exit Help.
![Tig Help][7]
### Browse revisions for a single file
Since Tig is a wrapper around **git log**, it conveniently accepts the same arguments that can be passed to **git log**. For instance, to browse the commit history for a single file, enter:
```
`tig README.md`
```
Compare this with the output of the Git command being wrapped to get a clearer view of how Tig enhances the output.
```
`git log README.md`
```
To include the patches in the raw Git output, you can add a **-p** option:
```
`git log -p README.md`
```
If you want to narrow the commits down to a specific date range, try something like this:
```
`tig --after="2017-01-01" --before="2018-05-16" -- README.md`
```
Again, you can compare this with the raw Git version:
```
`git log --after="2017-01-01" --before="2018-05-16" -- README.md`
```
### Browse who changed a file
Sometimes you want to find out who made a change to a file and why. The command:
```
`tig blame README.md`
```
is essentially a wrapper around **git blame**. As you would expect, it allows you to see who the last person was to edit a given line, and it also allows you to navigate to the commit that introduced the line. This is somewhat like the **:Gblame** command Vim's **vim-fugitive** plugin provides.
### Browse your stash
If you're like me, you may have a pile of edits in your stash. It's easy to lose track of them. You can view the latest item in your stash via: 
```
`git stash show -p stash@{0}`
```
You can find the second most recent item via:
```
`git stash show -p stash@{1}`
```
and so on. If you can recall these commands whenever you need them, you have a much sharper memory than I do.
As with the Git commands above, Tig makes it easy to enhance your Git output with a simple invocation:
```
`tig stash`
```
Try issuing this command in a repository with a populated stash. You'll be able to browse _and search_ your stash items, giving you a quick overview of everything you saved for a rainy day.
### Browse your refs
A Git ref is the hash of something you have committed. This includes files as well as branches. Using the **tig refs** command allows you to browse all of your refs and drill down to specific commits.
```
`tig refs`
```
When you're finished, use **q** to return to a previous menu.
### Browse git status
If you want to view which files have been staged and which are untracked, use **tig status**, a wrapper around **git status**.
![Tig status][8]
### Browse git grep
You can use the **grep** command to search for expressions in text files. The command **tig grep** allows you to navigate the output of **git grep**. For example:
```
`tig grep -i foo lib/Bar`
```
will navigate the output of a case-insensitive search for **foo** in the **lib/Bar** directory.
### Pipe output to Tig via STDIN
If you are piping a list of commit IDs to Tig, you must use the **\--stdin** flag so that **tig show** reads from stdin. Otherwise, **tig show** launches without input (rendering an empty screen).
```
`git rev-list --author=olaf HEAD | tig show --stdin`
```
### Add custom bindings
You can customize Tig with an [rc][9] file. Here's how you can configure Tig to your liking, using the example of adding some helpful custom key bindings.
Create a file in your home directory called **.tigrc**. Open **~/.tigrc** in your favorite editor and add:
```
# Apply the selected stash
bind stash a !?git stash apply %(stash)
# Drop the selected stash item
bind stash x !?git stash drop %(stash)
```
Run **tig stash** to browse your stash, as above. However, with these bindings in place, you can press **a** to apply an item from the stash to your repository and **x** to drop an item from the stash. Keep in mind that you'll need to perform these commands when browsing the stash _list_. If you're browsing a stash _item_, enter **q** to exit that view and press **a** or **x** to get the effect you want.
For more information, you can read more about [Tig key bindings][10].
### Wrapping up
I hope this has been a helpful demonstration of how Tig can enhance your daily workflow. Tig can do even more powerful things (such as staging lines of code), but that's outside the scope of this introductory article. There's enough information here to make you dangerous, but there's still more to explore.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/what-tig
作者：[Olaf Alders][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/oalders/users/mbbroberg/users/marcobravo
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_keyboard_laptop_development_code_woman.png?itok=vbYz6jjb (A person programming)
[2]: https://jonas.github.io/tig/
[3]: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man1/tig.1.html
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tig.jpg (Tig screenshot)
[5]: https://jonas.github.io/tig/INSTALL.html
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tig-search.png (Searching Tig)
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tig-help.png (Tig Help)
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tig-status.png (Tig status)
[9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_commands
[10]: https://github.com/jonas/tig/wiki/Bindings

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sources/tech/20190704 How to be good at creating and maintaining systems at-large.md Normal file
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to be good at creating and maintaining systems at-large)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/7/book-review-building-evolutionary-architectures)
[#]: author: (Mike Bursell https://opensource.com/users/mikecamel)
How to be good at creating and maintaining systems at-large
======
A book review of "Building Evolutionary Architectures: Support Constant
Change" for open source and security folks
![An open book][1]
Initially, this article was simply a review of the book, but as I got into it, I realised that I wanted to talk about how the approach it describes is applicable to a couple of different groups (security folks and open source projects), and so I’ve gone with it.
How, then, did I come across the book? I was attending a conference a few months ago (DeveloperWeek San Diego), and decided to go to one of the sessions because it looked interesting. The speaker was Dr. Rebecca Parsons, and I liked what she was talking about so much that I ordered this book, whose subject was the topic of her talk, to arrive at home by the time I would return a couple of days later.
![Building Evolutionary Architectures: Support Constant Change][2]
[_Building Evolutionary Architectures: Support Constant Change_][3] is not a book about securitym, and I'm a security guy, but it deals with security as one application of its approach, and very convincingly. The central issue that the authors—all employees of ThoughtWorks—identify is, simplified, that although we’re good at creating features for applications, we’re less good at creating, and then maintaining, broader properties of systems. This problem is compounded, they suggest, by the fast and ever-changing nature of modern development practices, where "enterprise architects can no longer rely on static planning".
The alternative that they propose is to consider "fitness functions", "objectives you want your architecture to exhibit or move towards". Crucially, these are properties of the architecture—or system—rather than features or specific functionality. Tests should be created to monitor the specific functions, but they won’t be your standard unit tests, nor will they necessarily be "point in time" tests. Instead, they will measure a variety of issues, possibly over a period of time, to let you know whether your system is meeting the particular fitness functions you are measuring. There’s a lot of discussion of how to measure these fitness functions, but I would have liked even more. From my point of view, it was one of the most valuable topics covered.
Frankly, the above might be enough to recommend the book, but there’s more. They advocate strongly for creating incremental change to meet your requirements (gradual, rather than major changes) and "evolvable architectures", encouraging you to realise that:
1. you may not meet all your fitness functions at the beginning;
2. applications which may have met the fitness functions at one point may _cease_ to meet them later on, for various reasons;
3. your architecture is likely to change over time;
4. your requirements, and therefore the priority that you give to each fitness function, will change over time;
5. even if your fitness functions remain the same, the ways in which you need to monitor them may change.
All of these are, in my view, extremely useful insights for anybody designing and building a system. Combining them with architectural thinking is even more valuable.
As is standard for modern O’Reilly books, there are examples throughout, including a worked fake consultancy journey of a particular company with specific needs, leading you through some of the practices in the book. At times, this felt a little contrived, but the mechanism is generally helpful. There were times when the book seemed to stray from its core approach—which is architectural, as per the title—into explanations through pseudo code, but these support one of the useful aspects of the book, which is giving examples of what architectures are more or less suited to the principles expounded in the more theoretical parts. Some readers may feel more at home with the theoretical, others with the more example-based approach (I lean towards the former), but all in all, it seems like an appropriate balance. Relating these to the impact of "architectural coupling" was particularly helpful, in my view.
There is a useful grounding in some of the advice in Conway’s Law ("Organizations which design systems … are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations.") which led me to wonder how we could model open source projects—and their architectures—based on this perspective. There are also (as is also standard these days) patterns and anti-patterns: I would generally consider these a useful part of any book on design and architecture.
### Why is this a book for security folks?
The most important thing about this book, from my point of view as a security systems architect, is that it _isn’t_ about security. Security is mentioned, but is not considered core enough to the book to merit a mention in the appendix. The point, though, is that the security of a system—an embodiment of an architecture—is a perfect example of a fitness function. Taking this as a starting point for a project will help you do two things.
First, you will avoid focussing on features and functionality, and look at the bigger picture. Second, you will consider what you _really_ need from security in the system, and how that translates into issues such as the security posture to be adopted, and the measurements you will take to validate it through the lifecycle.
Possibly even more important than those two points is that it will force you to consider the priority of security in relation to other fitness functions (resilience, maybe, or ease of use?) and how the relative priorities will—and should—change over time. A realisation that we don’t live in a bubble, and that our priorities are not always that same as those of other stakeholders in a project, is always useful.
### Why is this a book for open source folks?
Very often—and for quite understandable and forgiveable reasons—the architectures of open source projects grow organically at first, needing major overhauls and refactoring at various stages of their lifecycles. This is not to say that this doesn’t happen in proprietary software projects as well, of course, but the sometimes frequent changes in open source projects' emphasis and requirements, the ebb and flow of contributors and contributions and the sometimes, um, reduced levels of documentation aimed at end users can mean that features are significantly prioritised over what we could think of as the core vision of the project. One way to remedy this would be to consider the appropriate fitness functions of the project, to state them upfront, and to have a regular cadence of review by the community, to ensure that they are:
* still relevant;
* correctly prioritised at this stage in the project;
* actually being met.
If any of the above come into question, it’s a good time to consider a wider review by the community, and maybe a refactoring or partial redesign of the project.
Open source projects have—quite rightly—various different models of use and intended users. One of the happenstances that can negatively affect a project is when it is identified as a possible fit for a use case for which it was not originally intended. Academic software which is designed for accuracy over performance might not be a good fit for corporate research, for instance, in the same way that a project aimed at home users which prioritises minimal computing resources might not be appropriate for a high-availability enterprise roll-out. One of the ways of making this clear is by being very clear up-front about the fitness functions that you expect your project to meet—and, vice versa, about the fitness functions you are looking to fulfil when you are looking to select a project. It is easy to focus on features and functionality, and to overlook the more non-functional aspects of a system, and fitness functions allow us to make some informed choices about how to balance these decisions.
_This article was originally posted on [Alice, Eve and Bob - a security blog][4]._
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/book-review-building-evolutionary-architectures
作者：[Mike Bursell][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/mikecamel
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/open_book_color.jpg?itok=I-8tNQOP (An open book)
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/uploads/building-evolutionary-architectures.jpg?itok=UlyKLSxV (Building Evolutionary Architectures: Support Constant Change)
[3]: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/building-evolutionary-architectures/9781491986356/
[4]: https://aliceevebob.com/2019/06/25/building-evolutionary-architectures-for-security-and-for-open-source/

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Bash Script to Monitor Messages Log (Warning, Error and Critical) on Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-bash-script-to-monitor-messages-log-warning-error-critical-send-email/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
Bash Script to Monitor Messages Log (Warning, Error and Critical) on Linux
======
There are many open source monitoring tools are currently available in market to monitor Linux systems performance.
It will send an email alert when the system reaches the specified threshold limit.
It monitors everything such as CPU utilization, Memory utilization, swap utilization, disk space utilization and much more.
If you only have few systems and want to monitor them then writing a small shell script can make your task very easy.
In this tutorial we have added a shell script to monitor Messages Log on Linux system.
We had added many useful shell scripts in the past. If you want to check those, navigate to the below link.
* **[How to automate day to day activities using shell scripts?][1]**
This script will check **“warning, error and critical”** in the `/var/log/messages` file and trigger a mail to given email id, if it’s found anything related it.
We can’t run this script frequently that may fill up your inbox if the server has many matching strings, instead we can run once in a day.
To overcome this issue, i made the script to trigger an email in a different manner.
If any given strings are found in the **“/var/log/messages”** file for yesterday’s date then the script will send an email alert to given email id.
**Note:** You need to change the email id instead of ours. Also, you can change the Memory utilization threshold value as per your requirement.
```
# vi /opt/scripts/os-log-alert.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Set the variable which equal to zero
prev_count=0
count=$(grep -i "`date --date='yesterday' '+%b %e'`" /var/log/messages | egrep -wi 'warning|error|critical' | wc -l)
if [ "$prev_count" -lt "$count" ] ; then
# Send a mail to given email id when errors found in log
SUBJECT="WARNING: Errors found in log on "`date --date='yesterday' '+%b %e'`""
# This is a temp file, which is created to store the email message.
MESSAGE="/tmp/logs.txt"
TO="[email protected]"
echo "ATTENTION: Errors are found in /var/log/messages. Please Check with Linux admin." >> $MESSAGE
echo "Hostname: `hostname`" >> $MESSAGE
echo -e "\n" >> $MESSAGE
echo "+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+" >> $MESSAGE
echo "Error messages in the log file as below" >> $MESSAGE
echo "+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+" >> $MESSAGE
grep -i "`date --date='yesterday' '+%b %e'`" /var/log/messages | awk '{ $3=""; print}' | egrep -wi 'warning|error|critical' >> $MESSAGE
mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$TO" < $MESSAGE
#rm $MESSAGE
fi
```
Set an executable permission to `os-log-alert.sh` file.
```
$ chmod +x /opt/scripts/os-log-alert.sh
```
Finally add a cronjob to automate this. It will run everyday at 7'o clock.
```
# crontab -e
0 7 * * * /bin/bash /opt/scripts/os-log-alert.sh
```
**Note:** You will be getting an email alert everyday at 7 o'clock, which is for yesterday's log.
**Output:** You will be getting an email alert similar to below.
```
ATTENTION: Errors are found in /var/log/messages. Please Check with Linux admin.
+-----------------------------------------------------+
Error messages in the log file as below
+-----------------------------------------------------+
Jul 3 02:40:11 ns1 kernel: php-fpm[3175]: segfault at 299 ip 000055dfe7cc7e25 sp 00007ffd799d7d38 error 4 in php-fpm[55dfe7a89000+3a7000]
Jul 3 02:50:14 ns1 kernel: lmtp[8249]: segfault at 20 ip 00007f9cc05295e4 sp 00007ffc57bca1a0 error 4 in libdovecot-storage.so.0.0.0[7f9cc04df000+148000]
Jul 3 15:36:09 ns1 kernel: php-fpm[17846]: segfault at 299 ip 000055dfe7cc7e25 sp 00007ffd799d7d38 error 4 in php-fpm[55dfe7a89000+3a7000]
Jul 3 15:45:54 ns1 pure-ftpd: ([email protected]) [WARNING] Authentication failed for user [daygeek]
Jul 3 16:25:36 ns1 pure-ftpd: ([email protected]) [WARNING] Sorry, cleartext sessions and weak ciphers are not accepted on this server.#012Please reconnect using TLS security mechanisms.
Jul 3 16:44:20 ns1 kernel: php-fpm[8979]: segfault at 299 ip 000055dfe7cc7e25 sp 00007ffd799d7d38 error 4 in php-fpm[55dfe7a89000+3a7000]
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-bash-script-to-monitor-messages-log-warning-error-critical-send-email/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/shell-script/

100
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@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Enable ‘Tap to click’ on Ubuntu Login Screen [Quick Tip])
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/enable-tap-to-click-on-ubuntu-login-screen/)
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
Enable ‘Tap to click’ on Ubuntu Login Screen [Quick Tip]
======
_**Brief: The tap to click option doesn’t work on the login screen in Ubuntu 18.04 GNOME desktop. In this tutorial, you’ll learn to enable the ‘tap to click’ on the Ubuntu login screen.**_
One of the first few things I do after installing Ubuntu is to make sure that tap to click has been enabled. As a laptop user, I prefer to tap the touchpad for making a left click. This is more convenient than using the left click button on the touchpad all the time.
This is what happens when I have logged in and using the operating system. But if you are at the login screen, the tap to click doesn’t work and that’s an annoyance.
On the [GDM login screen][1] in Ubuntu (or other distributions using GNOME desktop), you have to click the username in order to bring the password field. Now if you are habitual of tap to click, it doesn’t work on the login screen even if you have it enabled and use it after logging into the system.
This is a minor annoyance but an annoyance nonetheless. The good news is that you can fix this annoyance.Let me show you how to do that in this quick tip.
### Enabling tap to click on Ubuntu login screen
![][2]
You’ll have to use the terminal and a few commands here. I hope you are comfortable with it.
[Open a terminal using Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut in Ubuntu][3]. Since Ubuntu 18.04 is still using X server, you need to enable it to connect to the [x server][4]. For that, you can add gdm to access control list.
Switch to root user first. It’s required because you have to switch as gdm user later and you cannot do that as a non-root user.
```
sudo -i
```
[There is no password set for root user in Ubuntu][5]. You access it with your admin user account. So when asked for password, use your own password. You won’t see anything being typed on the screen when you type in your password.
```
xhost +SI:localuser:gdm
```
Here’s the output for me:
```
xhost +SI:localuser:gdm
localuser:gdm being added to access control list
```
Now run this command so that the the ‘user gdm’ has the correct tap to click setting.
```
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad tap-to-click true
```
If you see a warning like this: (process:6339): dconf-WARNING **: 19:52:21.217: Unable to open /root/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share/dconf/profile/user: Permission denied . Don’t worry. Just ignore it.
[][6]
Suggested read  How To Change Hostname on Ubuntu &amp; Other Linux Distributions
This will enable you to perform a tap to click on the login screen. Why were you not able to use tap to click when you made the changes in the system settings before? It’s because at the login screen, you haven’t selected your username yet. You get to use your account only when you select the user on the screen. This is why you had to use the user gdm and add the correct settings with it.
Restart Ubuntu and you’ll see that you can now use the tap to select your user account now.
#### Revert the changes
If you are not happy with the tap to click on the Ubuntu login screen for some reason, you can revert the changes.
You’ll have to perform all the steps you did in the previous section: switch to root, connect gdm with x server, switch to gdm user. But instead of the last command, you need to run this command:
```
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad tap-to-click false
```
That’s it.
As I said, it’s a tiny thing. I mean you can easily do a left click instead of the tap to click. It’s just a matter of one single click.However, it breaks the ‘continuity’ when you are forced to use the left click after a few taps.
I hope you liked this quick little tweak. If you know some other cool tweaks, do share it with us.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/enable-tap-to-click-on-ubuntu-login-screen/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GDM
[2]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/tap-to-click-on-ubuntu-login.jpg?ssl=1
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.Org_Server
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/change-password-ubuntu/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/change-hostname-ubuntu/

111
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (qfzy1233)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Zorin OS Becomes Even More Awesome With Zorin 15 Release)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/zorin-os-15-release/)
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
随着 Zorin 15 的发布，Zorin OS 变得更为强大
======
长久以来 Zorin OS 一直在 [初学者适用的Linux发行版排行][1] 中占有一席之地。的确，它可能不是最受欢迎的，但是对于从 Windows 阵营转向 Linux 的用户而言，它一定是最好的一个发行版。
我还记得，在几年前，我的一位朋友一直坚持让我安装[Zorin OS][2]。就我个人而言，当时我并不喜欢它的 UI 风格。但是，现如今 Zorin OS 15 发布了，这也让我有了更多的理由安装并将它作为我日常的操作系统。
不要担心，在这篇文章里，我会向你介绍你所需要了解的一切。
### Zorin 15 中的新特性
让我们来看一下最新版本的 Zorin 有哪些主要的改变。Zorin 15 以 Ubuntu 18.04.2 为底层，因此带来了许多性能上的提升。除此之外，也有许多的 UI (用户界面)得到了改进。
#### Zorin Connect
![Zorin Connect][3]
Zorin OS 15 最主要的一个亮点就是 - Zorin Connect。如果你使用的是安卓设备，那你一定会喜欢这一功能。类似于[PushBullet][4]（LCTT译注：PushBullet-子弹推送，一款跨平台推送工具），[Zorin Connect][5]会提升你的手机和桌面一体化的体验。
你可以在桌面上同步智能手机的通知，同时还可以回复它。最要命的是，你甚至可以回复短信并查看这部分对话。
总的来说，你可以体验到以下功能：
* 在设备间分享文件或链接
* 将你的手机作为电脑的遥控器
* 使用手机控制电脑上媒体的播放，并且当有来电接入时自动停止播放
正如他们在[官方公告][6]中提到的, 数据的传输仅限于本地网络之间，并且不会有数据被上传到云端服务器。通过以下操作体验 Zorin Connect ，找到 – Zorin menu （Zorin 菜单） > System Tools （系统工具） > Zorin Connect。
[][5]
#### 新的桌面主题(包含夜间模式!)
![Zorin 夜间模式][7]
一提到 “夜间模式” 我就毫无抵抗力。对我而言，这是Zorin OS 15 自带的最好的功能。
[][8]
当我在任意界面深色模式时，我的眼睛都舒适，你不想来试试么？
它不单单是一个深色的主题，而是 UI 更干净直观，并且带有恰到好处的新动画。你可以从Zorin 内置的外观应用程序里找到所有的相关内建的所有设置。
#### 自适应背景调整 & 深色浅色模式
你可以选择让桌面背景根据一天中每小时的环境亮度进行自动调整。此外，如果你想避免蓝光给眼睛带来伤害，你可以使用夜间模式。
#### To do app
![Todo][9]
我一直希望支持这个功能，这样我就不必使用其他 Linux 客户端程序来添加任务。很高兴看到内置的应用程序集成并支持谷歌任务和 Todoist。
#### 还有更多么？
是的！其他主要的变化包括对 Flatpak 的支持，支持平板笔记本二合一电脑的触摸布局，DND 模式，以及一些重新设计的应用程序(设置，Libre Office)，以此来给你更好的用户体验。
如果你想要了解所有更新和改动的详细信息，你可以查看[官方公告][6]。如果你已经是Zorin的用户，你应该已经注意到他们他们的网站已经启用了一个全新的外观。
### 下载 Zorin OS 15
**注释** : _今年的晚些时候将会推出从 Zorin OS 12 直升 15 版本而不需要重新安装的升级包。_
为了防止您不够了解，Zorin OS有三个版本—旗舰版本、核心板和轻量版。
如果你想支持开发者和项目，同时解锁 Zorin OS 全部的功能，你可以花39美元购买旗舰版本。
如果你只是想要一些基本功能，核心版就可以了(你可以免费下载)。如果是情况下，比如如果你有一台旧电脑，那么你可以使用轻量版。
[下载 ZORIN OS 15][10]
**你觉得 Zorin 15 怎么样？**
我肯定会尝试一下，将 Zorin OS 作为我的主要操作系统-(手动狗头)。你呢?你觉得最新的版本怎么样?欢迎在下面的评论中告诉我们。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/zorin-os-15-release/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-beginners/
[2]: https://zorinos.com/
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/zorin-connect.jpg?fit=800%2C473&ssl=1
[4]: https://www.pushbullet.com/
[5]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zorinos.zorin_connect&hl=en_IN
[6]: https://zoringroup.com/blog/2019/06/05/zorin-os-15-is-here-faster-easier-more-connected/
[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/zorin-dark-mode.jpg?fit=722%2C800&ssl=1
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/necunos-linux-smartphone/
[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Todo.jpg?fit=800%2C652&ssl=1
[10]: https://zorinos.com/download/
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-1404-codenamed-trusty-tahr/

216
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to use Tig to browse Git logs)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/6/what-tig)
[#]: author: (Olaf Alders https://opensource.com/users/oalders/users/mbbroberg/users/marcobravo)
如何使用 Tig 浏览 Git 日志
======
Tig不仅仅是 Git 的文本界面。以下是它如何增强你的日常工作流程。
![A person programming][1]
如果你使用 Git 作为你的版本控制系统，你可能已经让自己接受 Git 是一个复杂的野兽。它是一个很棒的工具，但在 Git 仓库查找可能很麻烦。因此像 [Tig][2] 这样的工具出现了。
来自 [Tig 手册页][3]：
> Tig 是 git(1) 的基于 ncurses 的文本界面。它主要用作 Git 仓库浏览器，但也有助于在块级别暂存提交更改，并显示各种 Git 命令的输出。
这基本上意味着 Tig 提供了一个可以在终端中运行的基于文本的用户界面。Tig 可以让你轻松浏览你的 Git 日志，但它可以做的远不止让你从最后的提交跳到前一个提交。
![Tig screenshot][4]
这篇快速入门的 Tig 中的许多例子都是直接从其出色的手册页中拿出来的。我强烈建议你阅读它以了解更多信息。
### 安装 Tig
* Fedora 和 RHEL： **sudo dnf install tig**
* Ubuntu 和 Debian： **sudo apt install tig**
* MacOS:**：brew install tig**
有关更多选项，请参阅官方[安装说明][5]。
### 浏览当前分支中的提交
如果要浏览分支中的最新提交，请输入：
```
`tig`
```
这是这样。这个三字符命令将启动一个浏览器，你可以在其中导航当前分支中的提交。你可以将其视为 **git log** 的封装器。
要浏览输出，可以使用向上和向下箭头键从一个提交移动到另一个提交。按回车键将会垂直分割窗口，右侧包含所选提交的内容。你可以继续在左侧的提交历史记录中上下浏览，你的更改将显示在右侧。使用 **k** 和 **j** 逐行上下浏览，**-** 和空格键在右侧上下翻页。使用 **q** 退出右侧窗格。
搜索 **tig** 输出也很简单。使用 **/** 向前搜索，使用 **?** 在左右窗格中向后搜索。
![Searching Tig][6]
这足以让你开始浏览你的提交。这里有很多的键绑定，但单击 **h** 将显示“帮助”菜单，你可以在其中发现其导航和命令选项。你还可以使用 **/** 和 **?** 来搜索“帮助”菜单。使用 **q** 退出帮助。
![Tig Help][7]
### 浏览单个文件的修改
由于 Tig 是 **git log** 的封装器，它可以方便地接受可以传递给 **git log** 的相同参数。例如，要浏览单个文件的提交历史记录，请输入：
```
`tig README.md`
```
将其与被封装的 Git 命令的输出进行比较，以便更清楚地了解 Tig 如何增强输出。
```
`git log README.md`
```
要在原始 Git 输出中包含补丁，你可以添加 **-p** 选项：
```
`git log -p README.md`
```
如果要将提交范围缩小到特定日期范围，请尝试以下操作：
```
`tig --after="2017-01-01" --before="2018-05-16" -- README.md`
```
再一次，你可以将其与原始的 Git 版本进行比较：
```
`git log --after="2017-01-01" --before="2018-05-16" -- README.md`
```
### 浏览谁更改了文件
有时你想知道谁对文件进行了更改以及原因。命令：
```
`tig blame README.md`
```
本质上是 **git blame** 的封装。正如你 所期望的那样，它允许你查看谁是编辑指定行的最后一人，它还允许你查看到引入该行的提交。这有点像 vim 的 **vim-fugitive**插件提供的**:Gblame**命令。
### 浏览你的暂存
如果你像我一样，你可能会在你的暂存处有许多编辑。你很容易忘记它们。你可以通过以下方式查看暂存处中的最新项目：
```
`git stash show -p stash@{0}`
```
你可以通过以下方式找到第二个最新项目：
```
`git stash show -p stash@{1}`
```
以此类推。如果你在需要它们时调用这些命令，那么你会有比我更清晰的内存。
与上面的 Git 命令一样，Tig 可以通过简单的调用轻松增强你的 Git 输出：
```
`tig stash`
```
尝试在有暂存的仓库中执行此命令。你将能够浏览_并搜索_你的暂存项，快速浏览你的那些修改。
### 浏览你的引用
git ref 是你提交的东西的哈希值。这包括文件和分支。使用 **tig refs** 命令可以浏览所有引用并深入查看特定提交。
```
`tig refs`
```
完成后，使用 **q** 回到前面的菜单。
### 浏览 git 状态
如果要查看哪些文件已被暂存，哪些文件未被跟踪，请使用 **tig status**，它是 **git status** 的封装。
![Tig status][8]
### 浏览 git grep
你可以使用 **grep** 命令在文本文件中搜索表达式。命令 **tig grep** 允许你导览 **git grep** 的输出。例如：
```
`tig grep -i foo lib/Bar`
```
它会导览 **lib/Bar** 目录中以大小写敏感的方式搜索 **foo** 的输出。
### 通过标准输入管道输出给 Tig
如果要将提交 ID 列表传递给 Tig，那么必须使用 **\--stdin** 标志，以便 **tig show** 从标准输入读取。否则，**tig show** 会在没有输入的情况下启动（出现空白屏幕）。
```
`git rev-list --author=olaf HEAD | tig show --stdin`
```
### 添加自定义绑定
你可以使用 [rc][9] 文件自定义 Tig。以下是如何根据自己的喜好添加一些有用的自定义键绑定的示例。
在主目录中创建一个名为 **.tigrc** 的文件。在你喜欢的编辑器中打开 **~/.tigrc** 并添加：
```
# Apply the selected stash
bind stash a !?git stash apply %(stash)
# Drop the selected stash item
bind stash x !?git stash drop %(stash)
```
如上所述，运行 **tig stash** 以浏览你的暂存。但是，通过这些绑定，你可以按 **a**将暂存中的项目应用到仓库，并按 **x** 从暂存中删除项目。请记住，你要在浏览暂存_列表_时，才能执行这些命令。如果你正在浏览暂存_项_，请输入 **q** 退出该视图，然后按 **a** 或 **x** 以获得所需效果。
有关更多信息，你可以阅读有关 [Tig 键绑定][10]。
### 总结
我希望这有助于演示 Tig 如何增强你的日常工作流程。Tig 可以做更强大的事情（比如暂存代码行），但这超出了这篇介绍性文章的范围。这里有足够的让你危险的信息，但还有更多值得探索的地方。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/what-tig
作者：[Olaf Alders][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/oalders/users/mbbroberg/users/marcobravo
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_keyboard_laptop_development_code_woman.png?itok=vbYz6jjb (A person programming)
[2]: https://jonas.github.io/tig/
[3]: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man1/tig.1.html
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tig.jpg (Tig screenshot)
[5]: https://jonas.github.io/tig/INSTALL.html
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tig-search.png (Searching Tig)
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tig-help.png (Tig Help)
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tig-status.png (Tig status)
[9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_commands
[10]: https://github.com/jonas/tig/wiki/Bindings