From c0a16ee1fd8b05ca2e8a3b593c432b66bc08d0c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2023 08:43:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- ...ies 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md | 245 ----------------- ...ies 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md | 248 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 248 insertions(+), 245 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md b/sources/tech/20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md deleted file mode 100644 index 824905ed0d..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,245 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #2: How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine?" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/" -[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -NixOS Series #2: How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine? -====== - -If you can use the Nix package manager on any Linux distro, why should you install the NixOS? - -I often wondered about the same before using NixOS for a few days. - -Once I realized the benefits, I wrote about it to help you know [why you might consider using NixOS][1]. If you have read the first article of the series, you already know what you want. - -So, how to get started with it? Considering it can be a new experience for many, should you replace your daily driver with it or install it as a virtual machine? - -I recommend using NixOS on a VM before you want to replace it as your primary operating system. This holds for anything new that you want to try, but specifically for [advanced Linux distributions][2] like NixOS. - -### Install NixOS in the VM Using VirtualBox - -In this tutorial, I will be using VirtualBox. - -And if you are using Ubuntu and don't care about having the latest version, VirtualBox can be installed using a single command: - -``` -sudo apt install virtualbox -``` - -Want to install the latest version? You can refer to the given guide: - -And if you are using anything besides Ubuntu, you can[follow the download instructions from its official downloads page.][3] - -Once you have successfully installed VirtualBox, let us start with the first step. - -#### Step 1: Get the ISO image of NixOS - -You need to head to NixOS [official download page][4]. - -And under the `NixOS: the Linux distribution` section, you will find ISO with GNOME and KDE desktops. - -Sure, there is a minimal ISO, too, but I would recommend going with either of the two (GNOME and KDE): - -![Download NixOS ISO file][5] - -For the sake of this tutorial, I will be using GNOME. - -Remember, you are given GNOME and KDE options for the live desktop! - -And during installation, you get the option to choose your favorite desktop environment, including **Xfce, Pantheon, Cinnamon, MATE**, and more! - -#### Step 2: Create a virtual in VirtualBox - -Open VirtualBox and click on the `New` button to add a new virtual machine: - -![screenshot that shows you how to click on new button to add new virtual machine][6] - -And it will open a prompt asking you to add information about the VM you want to add. - -You can start by naming your VM: - -- **Name your VM so that you can identify it is a NixOS install. So I named it `NixOS`.** -- **Choose the ISO image that you've downloaded recently.** -- **Select `Linux` as a type of ISO.** -- **And choose `Other Linux (64-bit)` for version.** - -![][7] - -Once you select everything, click on the `Next` button. - -Next, you will be asked to choose the Base memory (RAM), processors you want to allocate to this VM, and storage space for this install. - -While NixOS mentions no official requirements, I recommend you to have at least **4 gigs of RAM**, **2-4 processor cores**, and **30 GB of space** for this install: - -![select hardware for NixOS VM][8] - -And in the end, it will show you the summary of the choices you made for this VM: - -![summary of NixOS VM install][9] - -If everything seems fine, click on the `Finish` button and it will create a NixOS virtual machine for you. - -#### Step 3: Installing NixOS - -Once you are done creating the VM, the name you gave to your NixOS VM should start reflecting in the VirtualBox list of VMs. - -Select the NixOS VM and click on the start button: - -![start the NixOS VM][10] - -And it will start the NixOS live so you can try the Linux distro. - -##### Select installer language - -Once you boot into the NixOS, the installer will start and ask you to set the preferred language for the installer: - -![choose preferred language for NixOS install][11] - -##### Choose region and timezone - -Next, choose your region and zone. If you don't know this, you can select your country from the map, which will set things for you. - -Once you select the region and zone, it will also select the preferred language, numbers, and date locale. - -Sure, you can change if you want to, but for most users, the selected options will work just fine: - -![choose the region and zone for NixOS][12] - -##### Select Keyboard layout - -Next, you will have to set the keyboard layout. For most users, `English (US)` with default setting should work fine. - -If you are going with something else, you can test your keyboard configuration before proceeding. - -![select Keyboard layout for NixOS][13] - -After that, you are asked to create a user and set a password for that user. - -You can choose to keep a strong password or just anything random for the VM. - -![create a user for NixOS][14] - -##### Select your favorite Desktop Environment - -With NixOS, you are given the following choices for the desktop environment: - -- GNOME -- KDE (best choice for customization) -- Xfce -- Pantheon (a desktop environment that ships with ElementaryOS) -- Cinnamon -- Enlightenment -- LXQt - -![choose desktop environment for NixOS][15] - -##### Use non-free software on NixOS - -NixOS follows a similar approach to Fedora, where you have to choose whether you want the non-free software. - -I would recommend you enable non-free packages: - -![enable non-free package in NixOS][16] - -##### The partitions part - -As this is a VM guide, I will recommend you go with the `Erase disk` option that should partition the disk automatically! - -![automatic partition the disk for NixOS][17] - -Once done, it will get you the summary of the choices you went with: - -![summery of NixOS installation options in VM][18] - -And if everything seems correct, click on the `Install` button, and it will start the installation button. - -##### Don't Reboot but turn off the VM - -Once the installation is finished, you will be given the option to restart the VM. - -And if you do so, **it will load the installer again**! - -To solve this issue, you must make changes in the boot sequence. - -And to do that, power off your VM once the installation is complete. - -To power off the VM, select the `Close` option from the **File menu** and select the `Power off the machine` option: - -![][19] - -##### Change the boot order in VirtualBox - -To change the boot order in the NixOS VM, open the settings for that VM: - -![][20] - -In settings, select `System` and you will find the boot order. - -Here, select the `Hard Disk` and use the **up arrow** icon next to the options and make it the first option to boot: - -![change boot order in VirtualBox][21] - -Press `OK` and it will save the changes you made. - -**Alternatively**, you can remove the optical disk (ISO image) that we added to start the installation. - -#### Step 4: Boot from NixOS install - -Now, start your NixOS VM, and you will see a GRUB screen: - -![NixOS grub screen][22] - -Select the default option, and it will get you into the fresh install of NixOS with the GNOME desktop. - -![running NixOS in VM][23] - -That's it! **Go on exploring NixOS!** - -### Wrapping Up - -This was a quick guide on how you can install NixOS on VirtualBox. - -For the next part of the NixOS tutorial series, I shall share pointers on **installing and removing packages**. - -💬 _Stay tuned for the next part of the series. Until then, feel free to share your thoughts on NixOS and if you face any issues following the guide!_ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/ - -作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/ -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/ -[3]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads -[4]: https://nixos.org/download.html -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Download-NixOS-ISO-file.png -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/click-on-new-to-add-new-virtual-machine.png -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Add-NixOS-ISO-to-VirtualBox.png -[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/select-hardware-for-NixOS-VM-1.png -[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/summery-of-NixOS-VM-install.png -[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/start-the-NixOS-VM.png -[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/1.-choose-the-language-of-NixOS-installer.png -[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/2.-choose-the-region-and-zone-for-NixOS.png -[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/3.-select-Keyboard-layout-for-NixOS.png -[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/4.-create-user-and-set-password-for-NixOS.png -[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/5.-choose-desktop-environment-for-NixOS.png -[16]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/6.-Allow-unfree-software.png -[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/7.-select-erase-disk-option-while-installing-NixOS.png -[18]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/8.-summery-of-NixOS-installation-options-in-VM.png -[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/poweroff-VM.png -[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/open-settings-for-VM-in-VirtualBox.png -[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/how-to-change-the-boot-order-in-VirtualBox.gif -[22]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/NixOS-grub-screen.png -[23]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/running-NixOS-in-VM.png \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md b/translated/tech/20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f8b4bd3eef --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #2: How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine?" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/" +[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +NixOS 系列 #2：如何在虚拟机上安装 NixOS？ +====== + +如果你可以在任何 Linux 发行版上使用 Nix 包管理器，为什么还要安装 NixOS？ + +在使用 NixOS 几天之前，我经常想知道同样的事情。 + +当我意识到这些好处后，我就写了这篇文章来帮助你了解[为什么你可能会考虑使用 NixOS][1]。如果你已经阅读了本系列的第一篇文章，那么你已经知道自己想要什么了。 + +那么，如何开始呢？ 考虑到它对许多人来说可能是一种新体验，你应该用它替换日常驱动程序还是将其安装为虚拟机？ + +我建议在你想要将其替换为你的主要操作系统之前在 VM 上使用 NixOS。这适用于你想尝试的任何新事物，特别是[先进的 Linux 发行版][2]，例如 NixOS。 + +### 使用 VirtualBox 在 VM 中安装 NixOS + +在本教程中，我将使用 VirtualBox。 + +如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 并且不关心是否拥有最新版本，那么可以使用一个命令安装 VirtualBox： + +``` +sudo apt install virtualbox +``` + +想要安装最新版本？ 你可以参考下面的指南： + +[如何在 Ubuntu 上安装 VirtualBox（初学者教程）][24] + +如果你使用 Ubuntu 以外的任何软件，你可以[按照其官方下载页面的下载说明进行操作][3]。 + +成功安装 VirtualBox 后，让我们从第一步开始。 + +#### 步骤 1：获 取NixOS 的 ISO 镜像 + +你需要前往 NixOS [官方下载页面][4]。 + +在 `NixOS: the Linux distribution` 部分，你会找到 GNOME 和 KDE 桌面的 ISO。 + +当然，也有最小化 ISO，但我建议使用两者之一（GNOME 和 KDE）： + +![Download NixOS ISO file][5] + +对于本教程，我将使用 GNOME。 + +请记住，你在实时桌面上有 GNOME 和 KDE 两种选择！ + +在安装过程中，你可以选择自己喜欢的桌面环境，包括 **Xfce、Pantheon、Cinnamon、MATE** 等等！ + +#### 步骤 2：在 VirtualBox 中创建虚拟机 + +打开 VirtualBox 并单击 `New` 按钮添加新的虚拟机： + +![screenshot that shows you how to click on new button to add new virtual machine][6] + +它将打开一个提示，要求你添加有关要添加的 VM 的信息。 + +你可以先命名虚拟机： + +- **为你的 VM 命名，以便你可以识别它是 NixOS 安装。所以我将其命名为 `NixOS`。** +- **选择你最近下载的 ISO 镜像。** +- **选择 `Linux` 作为 ISO 类型。** +- **并在版本选择 `Other Linux (64-bit)`。** + +![][7] + +选择所有内容后，单击 `Next` 按钮。 + +接下来，系统会要求你选择基本内存 (RAM)、要分配给此 VM 的处理器以及存储空间。 + +虽然 NixOS 没有提到官方要求，但我建议你为此安装至少拥有 **4GB RAM**、**2-4 个处理器内核**和 **30GB 空间**： + +![select hardware for NixOS VM][8] + +最后，它会显示你为此 VM 所做选择的摘要： + +![summary of NixOS VM install][9] + +如果一切正常，请单击 `Finish` 按钮，它将为你创建一个 NixOS 虚拟机。 + +#### 步骤 3：安装 NixOS + +创建完 VM 后，你为 NixOS VM 指定的名称应该显示在 VirtualBox 的 VM 列表中。 + +选择 NixOS VM 并单击开始按钮： + +![start the NixOS VM][10] + +它将启动 NixOS live，以便你可以试用 Linux 发行版。 + +##### 选择安装语言 + +启动进入 NixOS 后，安装程序将启动并要求你设置安装程序的首选语言： + +![choose preferred language for NixOS install][11] + +##### 选择地区和时区 + +接下来，选择你所在的地区和区域。如果你不知道这一点，你可以从地图上选择你的国家，它会为你设置。 + +选择区域和区域后，它还会选择首选语言、数字和日期区域设置。 + +当然，你可以根据需要进行更改，但对于大多数用户而言，选定的选项就可以正常工作： + +![choose the region and zone for NixOS][12] + +##### 选择键盘布局 + +接下来，你将必须设置键盘布局。对于大多数用户来说，默认设置的 `English (US)` 应该可以正常工作。 + +如果你要进行其他操作，则可以在继续之前测试你的键盘配置。 + +![select Keyboard layout for NixOS][13] + +之后，系统会要求你创建一个用户并为该用户设置密码。 + +你可以选择为虚拟机保留一个强密码或任何随机密码。 + +![create a user for NixOS][14] + +##### 选择你喜欢的桌面环境 + +使用 NixOS，你可以选择以下桌面环境： + +- GNOME +- KDE（定制的最佳选择） +- Xfce +- Pantheon（ElementaryOS 附带的桌面环境） +- Cinnamon +- Enlightenment +- LXQt + +![choose desktop environment for NixOS][15] + +##### 在 NixOS 上使用非自由软件 + +NixOS 遵循与 Fedora 类似的方法，你必须选择是否需要非自由软件。 + +我建议你启用非自由包： + +![enable non-free package in NixOS][16] + +##### 分区部分 + +由于这是一个 VM 指南，我建议你使用自动对磁盘进行分区的 `Erase disk` 选项！ + +![automatic partition the disk for NixOS][17] + +完成后，它将为你提供你所做选择的摘要： + +![summery of NixOS installation options in VM][18] + +如果一切正常，请单击 `Install` 按钮，它将开始安装。 + +##### 不要重启而是关闭虚拟机 + +安装完成后，你可以选择重新启动 VM。 + +如果你这样做，**它将再次加载安装程序**！ + +要解决此问题，你必须更改引导顺序。 + +为此，请在安装完成后关闭 VM。 + +要关闭 VM，请从**文件菜单**中选择 `Close` 选项，然后选择 `Power off the machine` 选项： + +![][19] + +##### 更改 VirtualBox 中的启动顺序 + +要更改 NixOS VM 中的启动顺序，请打开该 VM 的设置： + +![][20] + +在设置中，选择 `System`，你将找到启动顺序。 + +在这里，选择 `Hard Disk` 并使用选项旁边的**向上箭头**图标并将其设为启动的第一个选项： + +![change boot order in VirtualBox][21] + +按下 `OK`，它将保存你所做的更改。 + +**或者**，你可以移除我们添加的用于启动安装的光盘（ISO 镜像）。 + +#### 步骤 4：从 NixOS 安装启动 + +现在，启动你的 NixOS VM，你将看到一个 GRUB 屏幕： + +![NixOS grub screen][22] + +选择默认选项，它将带你进入带有 GNOME 桌面的全新 NixOS 安装。 + +![running NixOS in VM][23] + +就是这些了！**请继续探索 NixOS！** + +### 总结 + +这是关于如何在 VirtualBox 上安装 NixOS 的快速指南。 + +对于 NixOS 教程系列的下一部分，我将分享有关**安装和删除包**的建议。 + +💬 _敬请期待本系列的下一部分。在那之前，请随时分享你对 NixOS 的看法或在遵循指南时遇到任何问题！_ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/ + +作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/ +[3]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads +[4]: https://nixos.org/download.html +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Download-NixOS-ISO-file.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/click-on-new-to-add-new-virtual-machine.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Add-NixOS-ISO-to-VirtualBox.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/select-hardware-for-NixOS-VM-1.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/summery-of-NixOS-VM-install.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/start-the-NixOS-VM.png +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/1.-choose-the-language-of-NixOS-installer.png +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/2.-choose-the-region-and-zone-for-NixOS.png +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/3.-select-Keyboard-layout-for-NixOS.png +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/4.-create-user-and-set-password-for-NixOS.png +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/5.-choose-desktop-environment-for-NixOS.png +[16]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/6.-Allow-unfree-software.png +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/7.-select-erase-disk-option-while-installing-NixOS.png +[18]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/8.-summery-of-NixOS-installation-options-in-VM.png +[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/poweroff-VM.png +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/open-settings-for-VM-in-VirtualBox.png +[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/how-to-change-the-boot-order-in-VirtualBox.gif +[22]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/NixOS-grub-screen.png +[23]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/running-NixOS-in-VM.png +[24]: https://itsfoss.com/install-virtualbox-ubuntu/ \ No newline at end of file