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[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #2: How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine?"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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NixOS Series #2: How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine?
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||||
======
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If you can use the Nix package manager on any Linux distro, why should you install the NixOS?
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I often wondered about the same before using NixOS for a few days.
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Once I realized the benefits, I wrote about it to help you know [why you might consider using NixOS][1]. If you have read the first article of the series, you already know what you want.
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So, how to get started with it? Considering it can be a new experience for many, should you replace your daily driver with it or install it as a virtual machine?
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I recommend using NixOS on a VM before you want to replace it as your primary operating system. This holds for anything new that you want to try, but specifically for [advanced Linux distributions][2] like NixOS.
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### Install NixOS in the VM Using VirtualBox
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In this tutorial, I will be using VirtualBox.
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And if you are using Ubuntu and don't care about having the latest version, VirtualBox can be installed using a single command:
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```
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sudo apt install virtualbox
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```
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Want to install the latest version? You can refer to the given guide:
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And if you are using anything besides Ubuntu, you can[follow the download instructions from its official downloads page.][3]
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Once you have successfully installed VirtualBox, let us start with the first step.
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#### Step 1: Get the ISO image of NixOS
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You need to head to NixOS [official download page][4].
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And under the `NixOS: the Linux distribution` section, you will find ISO with GNOME and KDE desktops.
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Sure, there is a minimal ISO, too, but I would recommend going with either of the two (GNOME and KDE):
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![Download NixOS ISO file][5]
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For the sake of this tutorial, I will be using GNOME.
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Remember, you are given GNOME and KDE options for the live desktop!
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And during installation, you get the option to choose your favorite desktop environment, including **Xfce, Pantheon, Cinnamon, MATE**, and more!
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#### Step 2: Create a virtual in VirtualBox
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Open VirtualBox and click on the `New` button to add a new virtual machine:
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![screenshot that shows you how to click on new button to add new virtual machine][6]
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And it will open a prompt asking you to add information about the VM you want to add.
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You can start by naming your VM:
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- **Name your VM so that you can identify it is a NixOS install. So I named it `NixOS`.**
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- **Choose the ISO image that you've downloaded recently.**
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- **Select `Linux` as a type of ISO.**
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- **And choose `Other Linux (64-bit)` for version.**
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![][7]
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Once you select everything, click on the `Next` button.
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Next, you will be asked to choose the Base memory (RAM), processors you want to allocate to this VM, and storage space for this install.
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While NixOS mentions no official requirements, I recommend you to have at least **4 gigs of RAM**, **2-4 processor cores**, and **30 GB of space** for this install:
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![select hardware for NixOS VM][8]
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And in the end, it will show you the summary of the choices you made for this VM:
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![summary of NixOS VM install][9]
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If everything seems fine, click on the `Finish` button and it will create a NixOS virtual machine for you.
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#### Step 3: Installing NixOS
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Once you are done creating the VM, the name you gave to your NixOS VM should start reflecting in the VirtualBox list of VMs.
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Select the NixOS VM and click on the start button:
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![start the NixOS VM][10]
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And it will start the NixOS live so you can try the Linux distro.
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##### Select installer language
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Once you boot into the NixOS, the installer will start and ask you to set the preferred language for the installer:
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![choose preferred language for NixOS install][11]
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##### Choose region and timezone
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Next, choose your region and zone. If you don't know this, you can select your country from the map, which will set things for you.
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Once you select the region and zone, it will also select the preferred language, numbers, and date locale.
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Sure, you can change if you want to, but for most users, the selected options will work just fine:
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![choose the region and zone for NixOS][12]
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##### Select Keyboard layout
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Next, you will have to set the keyboard layout. For most users, `English (US)` with default setting should work fine.
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If you are going with something else, you can test your keyboard configuration before proceeding.
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![select Keyboard layout for NixOS][13]
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After that, you are asked to create a user and set a password for that user.
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You can choose to keep a strong password or just anything random for the VM.
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![create a user for NixOS][14]
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##### Select your favorite Desktop Environment
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With NixOS, you are given the following choices for the desktop environment:
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- GNOME
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- KDE (best choice for customization)
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- Xfce
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- Pantheon (a desktop environment that ships with ElementaryOS)
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- Cinnamon
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- Enlightenment
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- LXQt
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![choose desktop environment for NixOS][15]
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##### Use non-free software on NixOS
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NixOS follows a similar approach to Fedora, where you have to choose whether you want the non-free software.
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I would recommend you enable non-free packages:
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![enable non-free package in NixOS][16]
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##### The partitions part
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As this is a VM guide, I will recommend you go with the `Erase disk` option that should partition the disk automatically!
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![automatic partition the disk for NixOS][17]
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Once done, it will get you the summary of the choices you went with:
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![summery of NixOS installation options in VM][18]
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And if everything seems correct, click on the `Install` button, and it will start the installation button.
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##### Don't Reboot but turn off the VM
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Once the installation is finished, you will be given the option to restart the VM.
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And if you do so, **it will load the installer again**!
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To solve this issue, you must make changes in the boot sequence.
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And to do that, power off your VM once the installation is complete.
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To power off the VM, select the `Close` option from the **File menu** and select the `Power off the machine` option:
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![][19]
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##### Change the boot order in VirtualBox
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To change the boot order in the NixOS VM, open the settings for that VM:
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![][20]
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In settings, select `System` and you will find the boot order.
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Here, select the `Hard Disk` and use the **up arrow** icon next to the options and make it the first option to boot:
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![change boot order in VirtualBox][21]
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Press `OK` and it will save the changes you made.
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**Alternatively**, you can remove the optical disk (ISO image) that we added to start the installation.
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#### Step 4: Boot from NixOS install
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Now, start your NixOS VM, and you will see a GRUB screen:
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![NixOS grub screen][22]
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Select the default option, and it will get you into the fresh install of NixOS with the GNOME desktop.
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![running NixOS in VM][23]
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That's it! **Go on exploring NixOS!**
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### Wrapping Up
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This was a quick guide on how you can install NixOS on VirtualBox.
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For the next part of the NixOS tutorial series, I shall share pointers on **installing and removing packages**.
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💬 _Stay tuned for the next part of the series. Until then, feel free to share your thoughts on NixOS and if you face any issues following the guide!_
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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|
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via: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/
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作者:[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题:[lkxed][b]
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
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|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/
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[3]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
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[4]: https://nixos.org/download.html
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[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Download-NixOS-ISO-file.png
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/click-on-new-to-add-new-virtual-machine.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Add-NixOS-ISO-to-VirtualBox.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/select-hardware-for-NixOS-VM-1.png
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/summery-of-NixOS-VM-install.png
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/start-the-NixOS-VM.png
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/1.-choose-the-language-of-NixOS-installer.png
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[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/2.-choose-the-region-and-zone-for-NixOS.png
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[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/3.-select-Keyboard-layout-for-NixOS.png
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[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/4.-create-user-and-set-password-for-NixOS.png
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[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/5.-choose-desktop-environment-for-NixOS.png
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[16]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/6.-Allow-unfree-software.png
|
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[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/7.-select-erase-disk-option-while-installing-NixOS.png
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[18]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/8.-summery-of-NixOS-installation-options-in-VM.png
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[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/poweroff-VM.png
|
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[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/open-settings-for-VM-in-VirtualBox.png
|
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[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/how-to-change-the-boot-order-in-VirtualBox.gif
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[22]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/NixOS-grub-screen.png
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[23]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/running-NixOS-in-VM.png
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@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
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[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #2: How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine?"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
|
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
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||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
NixOS 系列 #2:如何在虚拟机上安装 NixOS?
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
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如果你可以在任何 Linux 发行版上使用 Nix 包管理器,为什么还要安装 NixOS?
|
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|
||||
在使用 NixOS 几天之前,我经常想知道同样的事情。
|
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|
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当我意识到这些好处后,我就写了这篇文章来帮助你了解[为什么你可能会考虑使用 NixOS][1]。如果你已经阅读了本系列的第一篇文章,那么你已经知道自己想要什么了。
|
||||
|
||||
那么,如何开始呢? 考虑到它对许多人来说可能是一种新体验,你应该用它替换日常驱动程序还是将其安装为虚拟机?
|
||||
|
||||
我建议在你想要将其替换为你的主要操作系统之前在 VM 上使用 NixOS。这适用于你想尝试的任何新事物,特别是[先进的 Linux 发行版][2],例如 NixOS。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 VirtualBox 在 VM 中安装 NixOS
|
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|
||||
在本教程中,我将使用 VirtualBox。
|
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|
||||
如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 并且不关心是否拥有最新版本,那么可以使用一个命令安装 VirtualBox:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install virtualbox
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
想要安装最新版本? 你可以参考下面的指南:
|
||||
|
||||
[如何在 Ubuntu 上安装 VirtualBox(初学者教程)][24]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你使用 Ubuntu 以外的任何软件,你可以[按照其官方下载页面的下载说明进行操作][3]。
|
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|
||||
成功安装 VirtualBox 后,让我们从第一步开始。
|
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|
||||
#### 步骤 1:获 取NixOS 的 ISO 镜像
|
||||
|
||||
你需要前往 NixOS [官方下载页面][4]。
|
||||
|
||||
在 `NixOS: the Linux distribution` 部分,你会找到 GNOME 和 KDE 桌面的 ISO。
|
||||
|
||||
当然,也有最小化 ISO,但我建议使用两者之一(GNOME 和 KDE):
|
||||
|
||||
![Download NixOS ISO file][5]
|
||||
|
||||
对于本教程,我将使用 GNOME。
|
||||
|
||||
请记住,你在实时桌面上有 GNOME 和 KDE 两种选择!
|
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|
||||
在安装过程中,你可以选择自己喜欢的桌面环境,包括 **Xfce、Pantheon、Cinnamon、MATE** 等等!
|
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|
||||
#### 步骤 2:在 VirtualBox 中创建虚拟机
|
||||
|
||||
打开 VirtualBox 并单击 `New` 按钮添加新的虚拟机:
|
||||
|
||||
![screenshot that shows you how to click on new button to add new virtual machine][6]
|
||||
|
||||
它将打开一个提示,要求你添加有关要添加的 VM 的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以先命名虚拟机:
|
||||
|
||||
- **为你的 VM 命名,以便你可以识别它是 NixOS 安装。所以我将其命名为 `NixOS`。**
|
||||
- **选择你最近下载的 ISO 镜像。**
|
||||
- **选择 `Linux` 作为 ISO 类型。**
|
||||
- **并在版本选择 `Other Linux (64-bit)`。**
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
选择所有内容后,单击 `Next` 按钮。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来,系统会要求你选择基本内存 (RAM)、要分配给此 VM 的处理器以及存储空间。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然 NixOS 没有提到官方要求,但我建议你为此安装至少拥有 **4GB RAM**、**2-4 个处理器内核**和 **30GB 空间**:
|
||||
|
||||
![select hardware for NixOS VM][8]
|
||||
|
||||
最后,它会显示你为此 VM 所做选择的摘要:
|
||||
|
||||
![summary of NixOS VM install][9]
|
||||
|
||||
如果一切正常,请单击 `Finish` 按钮,它将为你创建一个 NixOS 虚拟机。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 3:安装 NixOS
|
||||
|
||||
创建完 VM 后,你为 NixOS VM 指定的名称应该显示在 VirtualBox 的 VM 列表中。
|
||||
|
||||
选择 NixOS VM 并单击开始按钮:
|
||||
|
||||
![start the NixOS VM][10]
|
||||
|
||||
它将启动 NixOS live,以便你可以试用 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
##### 选择安装语言
|
||||
|
||||
启动进入 NixOS 后,安装程序将启动并要求你设置安装程序的首选语言:
|
||||
|
||||
![choose preferred language for NixOS install][11]
|
||||
|
||||
##### 选择地区和时区
|
||||
|
||||
接下来,选择你所在的地区和区域。如果你不知道这一点,你可以从地图上选择你的国家,它会为你设置。
|
||||
|
||||
选择区域和区域后,它还会选择首选语言、数字和日期区域设置。
|
||||
|
||||
当然,你可以根据需要进行更改,但对于大多数用户而言,选定的选项就可以正常工作:
|
||||
|
||||
![choose the region and zone for NixOS][12]
|
||||
|
||||
##### 选择键盘布局
|
||||
|
||||
接下来,你将必须设置键盘布局。对于大多数用户来说,默认设置的 `English (US)` 应该可以正常工作。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你要进行其他操作,则可以在继续之前测试你的键盘配置。
|
||||
|
||||
![select Keyboard layout for NixOS][13]
|
||||
|
||||
之后,系统会要求你创建一个用户并为该用户设置密码。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以选择为虚拟机保留一个强密码或任何随机密码。
|
||||
|
||||
![create a user for NixOS][14]
|
||||
|
||||
##### 选择你喜欢的桌面环境
|
||||
|
||||
使用 NixOS,你可以选择以下桌面环境:
|
||||
|
||||
- GNOME
|
||||
- KDE(定制的最佳选择)
|
||||
- Xfce
|
||||
- Pantheon(ElementaryOS 附带的桌面环境)
|
||||
- Cinnamon
|
||||
- Enlightenment
|
||||
- LXQt
|
||||
|
||||
![choose desktop environment for NixOS][15]
|
||||
|
||||
##### 在 NixOS 上使用非自由软件
|
||||
|
||||
NixOS 遵循与 Fedora 类似的方法,你必须选择是否需要非自由软件。
|
||||
|
||||
我建议你启用非自由包:
|
||||
|
||||
![enable non-free package in NixOS][16]
|
||||
|
||||
##### 分区部分
|
||||
|
||||
由于这是一个 VM 指南,我建议你使用自动对磁盘进行分区的 `Erase disk` 选项!
|
||||
|
||||
![automatic partition the disk for NixOS][17]
|
||||
|
||||
完成后,它将为你提供你所做选择的摘要:
|
||||
|
||||
![summery of NixOS installation options in VM][18]
|
||||
|
||||
如果一切正常,请单击 `Install` 按钮,它将开始安装。
|
||||
|
||||
##### 不要重启而是关闭虚拟机
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后,你可以选择重新启动 VM。
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|
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如果你这样做,**它将再次加载安装程序**!
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要解决此问题,你必须更改引导顺序。
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|
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为此,请在安装完成后关闭 VM。
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要关闭 VM,请从**文件菜单**中选择 `Close` 选项,然后选择 `Power off the machine` 选项:
|
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|
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![][19]
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|
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##### 更改 VirtualBox 中的启动顺序
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|
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要更改 NixOS VM 中的启动顺序,请打开该 VM 的设置:
|
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|
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![][20]
|
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|
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在设置中,选择 `System`,你将找到启动顺序。
|
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|
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在这里,选择 `Hard Disk` 并使用选项旁边的**向上箭头**图标并将其设为启动的第一个选项:
|
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|
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![change boot order in VirtualBox][21]
|
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|
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按下 `OK`,它将保存你所做的更改。
|
||||
|
||||
**或者**,你可以移除我们添加的用于启动安装的光盘(ISO 镜像)。
|
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|
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#### 步骤 4:从 NixOS 安装启动
|
||||
|
||||
现在,启动你的 NixOS VM,你将看到一个 GRUB 屏幕:
|
||||
|
||||
![NixOS grub screen][22]
|
||||
|
||||
选择默认选项,它将带你进入带有 GNOME 桌面的全新 NixOS 安装。
|
||||
|
||||
![running NixOS in VM][23]
|
||||
|
||||
就是这些了!**请继续探索 NixOS!**
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
这是关于如何在 VirtualBox 上安装 NixOS 的快速指南。
|
||||
|
||||
对于 NixOS 教程系列的下一部分,我将分享有关**安装和删除包**的建议。
|
||||
|
||||
💬 _敬请期待本系列的下一部分。在那之前,请随时分享你对 NixOS 的看法或在遵循指南时遇到任何问题!_
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Sagar Sharma][a]
|
||||
选题:[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
|
||||
[4]: https://nixos.org/download.html
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Download-NixOS-ISO-file.png
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/click-on-new-to-add-new-virtual-machine.png
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Add-NixOS-ISO-to-VirtualBox.png
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/select-hardware-for-NixOS-VM-1.png
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/summery-of-NixOS-VM-install.png
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/start-the-NixOS-VM.png
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/1.-choose-the-language-of-NixOS-installer.png
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/2.-choose-the-region-and-zone-for-NixOS.png
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/3.-select-Keyboard-layout-for-NixOS.png
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/4.-create-user-and-set-password-for-NixOS.png
|
||||
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/5.-choose-desktop-environment-for-NixOS.png
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/6.-Allow-unfree-software.png
|
||||
[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/7.-select-erase-disk-option-while-installing-NixOS.png
|
||||
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/8.-summery-of-NixOS-installation-options-in-VM.png
|
||||
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/poweroff-VM.png
|
||||
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/open-settings-for-VM-in-VirtualBox.png
|
||||
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/how-to-change-the-boot-order-in-VirtualBox.gif
|
||||
[22]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/NixOS-grub-screen.png
|
||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/running-NixOS-in-VM.png
|
||||
[24]: https://itsfoss.com/install-virtualbox-ubuntu/
|
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user