From 6e2fd557f6c412e021bc476ec8326faaeeb4a2cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LazyWolf Lin Date: Mon, 17 Dec 2018 13:37:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/7] Translating How to Update Ubuntu. --- ...untu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md | 174 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 174 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a4332c365 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (LazyWolfLin) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (How to Update Ubuntu [Terminal & GUI Methods] It's FOSS) +[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/) +[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) + +如何更新Ubuntu [终端及GUI方式] It's FOSS +====== + +**这篇教程将向你展示如何更新服务器版本或者桌面版本的Ubuntu。它还解释了更新和升级之间的区别以及你应该了解的有关于Ubuntu Linux中的更新的一些其他内容。** + +如果你是一个新手并已经体验Ubuntu数天或几周，你可能想知道如何更新你的[Ubuntu][1]系统以获取安全补丁，错误修复和应用升级。 + +更新 Ubuntu 非常简单。我并不夸张的说。它简单得只要运行两个命令。让我来告诉你更多更新细节。 + +Please note that the tutorial is valid for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04 or any other version. The command line way is also valid for Ubuntu-based distributions like Linux Mint, Linux Lite, elementary OS etc. + +### Update Ubuntu via Command Line + +![How to Update Ubuntu][2] + +On the desktop, open the terminal. You can find it in the menu or use the Ctrl+Alt+T [keyboard shortcut][3]. If you are logged on to an [Ubuntu server][4], you already have access to a terminal. + +In the terminal, you just have to use the following command: + +``` +sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y +``` + +It will ask for password and you can use your account’s password. You won’t see the anything on the screen while typing so keep on typing your password and hit enter. + +Now let me explain the above command. + +Actually, it’s not a single command. It’s a combination of two commands. The && is a way to combine two commands in a way that the second command runs only when the previous command ran successfully. + +The ‘-y’ in the end automatically enters yes when the command ‘apt upgrade’ ask for your confirmation before installing the updates. + +Note that you can also use the two commands separately, one by one: + +``` +sudo apt update +sudo apt upgrade +``` + +It will take a little longer because you have to wait for one command to finish and then enter the second command. + +#### Explanation: sudo apt update + +This command updates the local database of available packages. If you won’t run this command, the local database won’t be updated and your system will not know if there are any new versions available. + +This is why when you run the sudo apt update, you’ll see lots of URLs in the output. The command fetches the package information from the respective repositories (the URLs you see in the output). + +![Updating Ubuntu Linux][5] + +At the end of the command, it tells you how many packages can be upgraded. You can see these packages by running the following command: + +``` +apt list --upgradable +``` + +**Additional Reading:** Read this article to learn [what is Ign, Hit and Get in the apt update command output][6]. + +#### Explanation: sudo apt upgrade + +This command matches the versions of installed packages with the local database. It collects all of them and then it will list all of the packages that have a newer version available. At this point, it will ask if you want to upgrade (the installed packages to the newer version). + +![Update Ubuntu Linux via Command Line][7] + +You can type ‘yes’, ‘y’ or just press enter to confirm the installation of updates. + +So the bottom line is that the sudo apt update checks for the availability of new versions while as the sudo apt upgrade actually performs the update. + +The term update might be confusing as you might expect the apt update command to update the system by installing the updates but that doesn’t happen. + +### Update Ubuntu via GUI [For Desktop Users] + +If you are using Ubuntu as a desktop, you don’t have to go to terminal just for updating the system. You can still use the command line but it’s optional for you. + +In the menu, look for ‘Software Updater’ and run it. + +![Run Software Updater in Ubuntu][8] + +It will check if there are updates available for your system. + +![Checking if updates are available for Ubuntu][9] + +If there are updates available, it will give provide you with options to install the updates. + +![Install Updates via Update Manager in Ubuntu][10] + +Click on Install Now, it may ask for your password. + +![Installing Updates in Ubuntu Linux via GUI][11] + +Once you enter your password, it will start installing the updates. + +![Updating Ubuntu via GUI][12] + +In some cases, you may need to reboot the system for the installed updates to work properly. You’ll be notified at the end of the update if you need to restart the system. + +![Updating Ubuntu via GUI][12] + +You can choose to restart later if you don’t want to reboot your system straightaway. + +![Installing updates via GUI in Ubuntu][13] + +Tip: If the software updater returns an error, you should use the command ‘sudo apt update’ in the terminal. The last few lines of the output will contain the actual error message. You can search on the internet for that error and fix the problem. + +### Few things to keep in mind abou updating Ubuntu + +You just learned how to update your Ubuntu system. If you are interested, you should also know these few things around Ubuntu updates. + +#### Clean up after an update + +Your system will have some unnecessary packages that won’t be required after the updates. You can remove such packages and [free up some space][14] using this command: + +``` +sudo apt autoremove +``` + +#### Live patching kernel in Ubuntu Server to avoid rebooting + +In case of a Linux kernel updates, you’ll have to restart the system after the update. This is an issue when you don’t want downtime for your server. + +[Live patching][15] feature allows the patching of Linux kernel while the kernel is still running. In other words, you don’t have to reboot your system. + +If you manage servers, you may want to [enable live patching in Ubuntu][16]. + +#### Version upgrades are different + +The updates discussed here is to keep your Ubuntu install fresh and updated. It doesn’t cover the [version upgrades][17] (for example upgrading Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04). + +[Ubuntu version][18] upgrades are entirely a different thing. It updates the entire operating system core. You need to make proper backups before starting this lengthy process. + +### Conclusion + +I hope you liked this tutorial on updating the Ubuntu system and you learned a few new things. + +If you have any questions, please fee free to ask. If you are an experienced Linux users and have some tip that can make this tutorial more useful, please share it with the rest of us. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.ubuntu.com/ +[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/how-to-update-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/ +[4]: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server +[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubunt-1.jpeg?resize=800%2C357&ssl=1 +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/ +[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubunt-2.jpeg?ssl=1 +[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-via-GUI-1.jpeg?resize=800%2C250&ssl=1 +[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-via-GUI-2.jpeg?resize=800%2C250&ssl=1 +[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-GUI-3.jpeg?resize=800%2C365&ssl=1 +[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/install-update-ubuntu-1.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 +[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/installing-updates-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1 +[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/installing-updates-ubuntu-2.jpeg?ssl=1 +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/ +[15]: https://www.ubuntu.com/livepatch +[16]: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-live-patch-ubuntu-linux-server-kernel-without-rebooting/ +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-ubuntu-version/ +[18]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/ From 73aa9a68a321fc81b3d1f6e7ca0aeb876a43a31a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LazyWolf Lin Date: Tue, 18 Dec 2018 14:05:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/7] Translating How to Update Ubuntu. --- ...untu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md | 40 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md index 3a4332c365..b0f0751d81 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md +++ b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ [#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/) [#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) -如何更新Ubuntu [终端及GUI方式] It's FOSS +如何更新 Ubuntu [终端及GUI方式] It's FOSS ====== **这篇教程将向你展示如何更新服务器版本或者桌面版本的Ubuntu。它还解释了更新和升级之间的区别以及你应该了解的有关于Ubuntu Linux中的更新的一些其他内容。** @@ -16,38 +16,38 @@ 更新 Ubuntu 非常简单。我并不夸张的说。它简单得只要运行两个命令。让我来告诉你更多更新细节。 -Please note that the tutorial is valid for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04 or any other version. The command line way is also valid for Ubuntu-based distributions like Linux Mint, Linux Lite, elementary OS etc. +请注意，本教程适用于 Ubuntu 18.04，16.04 或任何其他版本。命令行方式也适用于基于 Ubuntu 的发行版如 Linux Mint，Linux Lite，elementary OS 等。 -### Update Ubuntu via Command Line +### 通过命令行更新 Ubuntu -![How to Update Ubuntu][2] +![如何更新 Ubuntu][2] -On the desktop, open the terminal. You can find it in the menu or use the Ctrl+Alt+T [keyboard shortcut][3]. If you are logged on to an [Ubuntu server][4], you already have access to a terminal. +在桌面上，打开终端。你可以在菜单里找到它或者使用 Ctrl+Alt+T [快捷键][3]。如果你登陆到一台 [Ubuntu 服务器][4]，那你已经在访问一个终端了。 -In the terminal, you just have to use the following command: +在终端里，你只需要使用以下命令： ``` sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y ``` -It will ask for password and you can use your account’s password. You won’t see the anything on the screen while typing so keep on typing your password and hit enter. +它将询问密码，而你可以使用你账号的密码。输入时，你将不会看到任何内容在屏幕上，所以请继续输入你的密码并按回车键。 -Now let me explain the above command. +现在，我来解释下上面的命令。 -Actually, it’s not a single command. It’s a combination of two commands. The && is a way to combine two commands in a way that the second command runs only when the previous command ran successfully. +事实上，这不是一条命令。它由两条命令组成。符号 `&&` 是合并两条命令的一个方法，第二条命令仅在前一条命令执行成功时执行。 -The ‘-y’ in the end automatically enters yes when the command ‘apt upgrade’ ask for your confirmation before installing the updates. +当命令 `apt upgrade` 要求你在安装更新前确认时，末尾的参数 `-y` 会自动输入 yes。 -Note that you can also use the two commands separately, one by one: +请注意，你也可以逐条使用这两条命令： ``` sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade ``` -It will take a little longer because you have to wait for one command to finish and then enter the second command. +这将花费更长的时间，因为你必须等待第一条命令执行完成后才能输入第二条命令。 -#### Explanation: sudo apt update +#### 说明：sudo apt update This command updates the local database of available packages. If you won’t run this command, the local database won’t be updated and your system will not know if there are any new versions available. @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ apt list --upgradable **Additional Reading:** Read this article to learn [what is Ign, Hit and Get in the apt update command output][6]. -#### Explanation: sudo apt upgrade +#### 说明：sudo apt upgrade This command matches the versions of installed packages with the local database. It collects all of them and then it will list all of the packages that have a newer version available. At this point, it will ask if you want to upgrade (the installed packages to the newer version). @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ So the bottom line is that the sudo apt update checks for the availability of ne The term update might be confusing as you might expect the apt update command to update the system by installing the updates but that doesn’t happen. -### Update Ubuntu via GUI [For Desktop Users] +### 通过 GUI 更新 Ubuntu［适用于桌面用户］ If you are using Ubuntu as a desktop, you don’t have to go to terminal just for updating the system. You can still use the command line but it’s optional for you. @@ -109,11 +109,11 @@ You can choose to restart later if you don’t want to reboot your system straig Tip: If the software updater returns an error, you should use the command ‘sudo apt update’ in the terminal. The last few lines of the output will contain the actual error message. You can search on the internet for that error and fix the problem. -### Few things to keep in mind abou updating Ubuntu +### 更新 Ubuntu 时要记住几件事 You just learned how to update your Ubuntu system. If you are interested, you should also know these few things around Ubuntu updates. -#### Clean up after an update +#### 更新后清理 Your system will have some unnecessary packages that won’t be required after the updates. You can remove such packages and [free up some space][14] using this command: @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Your system will have some unnecessary packages that won’t be required after t sudo apt autoremove ``` -#### Live patching kernel in Ubuntu Server to avoid rebooting +#### 在 Ubuntu Server 中热修复内核以避免重启 In case of a Linux kernel updates, you’ll have to restart the system after the update. This is an issue when you don’t want downtime for your server. @@ -129,13 +129,13 @@ In case of a Linux kernel updates, you’ll have to restart the system after the If you manage servers, you may want to [enable live patching in Ubuntu][16]. -#### Version upgrades are different +#### 版本升级是不同的 The updates discussed here is to keep your Ubuntu install fresh and updated. It doesn’t cover the [version upgrades][17] (for example upgrading Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04). [Ubuntu version][18] upgrades are entirely a different thing. It updates the entire operating system core. You need to make proper backups before starting this lengthy process. -### Conclusion +### 总结 I hope you liked this tutorial on updating the Ubuntu system and you learned a few new things. From 5b9c7454137a8a6639bad8a9dad3f08eac8f530d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LazyWolf Lin Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2018 13:40:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/7] Translating How to Update Ubuntu. --- ...untu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md | 20 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md index b0f0751d81..00864bffa9 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md +++ b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md @@ -49,31 +49,31 @@ sudo apt upgrade #### 说明：sudo apt update -This command updates the local database of available packages. If you won’t run this command, the local database won’t be updated and your system will not know if there are any new versions available. +这条命令更新了可用软件包的本地数据库。如果你没运行这条命令，本地数据库将不会更新而你的系统将不会知道是否又可用的新版本。 -This is why when you run the sudo apt update, you’ll see lots of URLs in the output. The command fetches the package information from the respective repositories (the URLs you see in the output). +这就是为什么当你运行 `sudo apt update`，你会在输出中看到大量的 URLs。这条命令从对应的储存库（你在输出中看到的 URLs）中获取软件包信息。 -![Updating Ubuntu Linux][5] +![更新 Ubuntu Linux][5] -At the end of the command, it tells you how many packages can be upgraded. You can see these packages by running the following command: +在命令的末尾，它告诉你有多少个软件包可以被更新。你可以使用下列命令查看这些软件包： ``` apt list --upgradable ``` -**Additional Reading:** Read this article to learn [what is Ign, Hit and Get in the apt update command output][6]. +**补充阅读：** 阅读这篇文章了解[命令 `apt update` 的输出中的 Ign，Hit 和 Get 是什么][6]。 #### 说明：sudo apt upgrade -This command matches the versions of installed packages with the local database. It collects all of them and then it will list all of the packages that have a newer version available. At this point, it will ask if you want to upgrade (the installed packages to the newer version). +这条命令将已安装的软件包版本与本地数据库进行匹配。它收集全部信息，然后列出所有具有更新版本的软件包。此时，它会询问您是否要升级（已安装的软件包更新到新版本）。 -![Update Ubuntu Linux via Command Line][7] +![通过命令行更新 Ubuntu Linux][7] -You can type ‘yes’, ‘y’ or just press enter to confirm the installation of updates. +你可以键入 `yes`,`y` 或者只敲回车键去确认安装这些更新。 -So the bottom line is that the sudo apt update checks for the availability of new versions while as the sudo apt upgrade actually performs the update. +所以总的来说，`sudo apt update` 会检查可用的新版本，而 `sudo apt upgrade` 实际上会执行更新。 -The term update might be confusing as you might expect the apt update command to update the system by installing the updates but that doesn’t happen. +命令 `update` 可能会令人困惑，因为你可能期望通过命令 `apt update` 安装更新来更新系统，但这并不会发生。 ### 通过 GUI 更新 Ubuntu［适用于桌面用户］ From 3882e486275897ba08622fb9c212fd6bd6508a4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LazyWolf Lin Date: Mon, 24 Dec 2018 13:33:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 4/7] Translating How to Update Ubuntu. --- ...untu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md | 36 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md index 00864bffa9..85d88129e7 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md +++ b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md @@ -77,45 +77,45 @@ apt list --upgradable ### 通过 GUI 更新 Ubuntu［适用于桌面用户］ -If you are using Ubuntu as a desktop, you don’t have to go to terminal just for updating the system. You can still use the command line but it’s optional for you. +如果你使用桌面版 Ubuntu，你并不需要为了更新系统而打开终端。你可以仍可以使用命令行更新，但这只是一个选择。 -In the menu, look for ‘Software Updater’ and run it. +在菜单力，找到 `Software Updater` 并运行它。 -![Run Software Updater in Ubuntu][8] +![在 Ubuntu 中运行 Software Updater][8] -It will check if there are updates available for your system. +它将检查你的系统是否有可用的更新。 -![Checking if updates are available for Ubuntu][9] +![检查 Ubuntu 是否有可用更新][9] -If there are updates available, it will give provide you with options to install the updates. +如果有可用的更新，它将给你提供安装更新的选择。 -![Install Updates via Update Manager in Ubuntu][10] +![在 Ubuntu 中通过更新管理器安装更新][10] -Click on Install Now, it may ask for your password. +现在，点击 `Install`，它可能会向你询问密码。 -![Installing Updates in Ubuntu Linux via GUI][11] +![通过 GUI 在 Ubuntu Linux 中安装更新][11] -Once you enter your password, it will start installing the updates. +一旦你输入你的密码，它将开始安装更新。 -![Updating Ubuntu via GUI][12] +![通过 GUI 更新 Ubuntu][12] -In some cases, you may need to reboot the system for the installed updates to work properly. You’ll be notified at the end of the update if you need to restart the system. +在某些情况下，你可能需要重启系统才能使已安装的更新正常工作。如果需要重启系统，你将在更新结束时收到通知。 -![Updating Ubuntu via GUI][12] +![通过 GUI 更新 Ubuntu][12] -You can choose to restart later if you don’t want to reboot your system straightaway. +如果你不希望马上重启你的系统，可以选择稍后重启。 -![Installing updates via GUI in Ubuntu][13] +![通过 GUI 在 Ubuntu 中安装更新][13] -Tip: If the software updater returns an error, you should use the command ‘sudo apt update’ in the terminal. The last few lines of the output will contain the actual error message. You can search on the internet for that error and fix the problem. +提示：如果 `software updater` 返回一个错误，你需要在终端是使用命令 `sudo apt update`。输出的最后几行将包含真正的错误信息。你可以在因特网上搜索该错误并解决问题。 ### 更新 Ubuntu 时要记住几件事 -You just learned how to update your Ubuntu system. If you are interested, you should also know these few things around Ubuntu updates. +你刚学习了如何更新你的 Ubuntu 系统。如果你感兴趣，你还需要了解一些关于 Ubuntu 更新的内容。 #### 更新后清理 -Your system will have some unnecessary packages that won’t be required after the updates. You can remove such packages and [free up some space][14] using this command: +你的系统将会有一些更新后不再需要的软件包。你可用使用这条命令删除这些软件包并[释放空间][14]： ``` sudo apt autoremove From a6af6f8bc235092736ed32104a87ead725d4aef1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LazyWolf Lin Date: Tue, 25 Dec 2018 13:36:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 5/7] Translating How to Update Ubuntu. --- ...buntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md index 85d88129e7..13d393b381 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md +++ b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md @@ -121,25 +121,25 @@ apt list --upgradable sudo apt autoremove ``` -#### 在 Ubuntu Server 中热修复内核以避免重启 +#### 在 Ubuntu Server 中内核热修复以避免重启 -In case of a Linux kernel updates, you’ll have to restart the system after the update. This is an issue when you don’t want downtime for your server. +如果是 Linux 内核更新，你将需要在系统更新后重启。当你不希望服务器停机时，这将是一个问题。 -[Live patching][15] feature allows the patching of Linux kernel while the kernel is still running. In other words, you don’t have to reboot your system. +[热修复][15]功能允许Linux内核在持续运行时打补丁。换句话说就是你不需要重启你的系统。 -If you manage servers, you may want to [enable live patching in Ubuntu][16]. +如果你在管理服务器，你可能需要[在 Ubuntu 中启用热修复][16]。 #### 版本升级是不同的 -The updates discussed here is to keep your Ubuntu install fresh and updated. It doesn’t cover the [version upgrades][17] (for example upgrading Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04). +本文讨论的更新是使你安装的 Ubuntu 保持最新。它不包括[版本升级][17]（例如从 Ubuntu 16.04 升级到 18.04）。 -[Ubuntu version][18] upgrades are entirely a different thing. It updates the entire operating system core. You need to make proper backups before starting this lengthy process. +[Ubuntu 版本][18] 升级完全是另一回事。它更新整个操作系统核心。你需要在这个漫长的过程开始前做好备份。 ### 总结 -I hope you liked this tutorial on updating the Ubuntu system and you learned a few new things. +我希望你喜欢这个关于 Ubuntu 系统更新的教程并学到一些新东西。 -If you have any questions, please fee free to ask. If you are an experienced Linux users and have some tip that can make this tutorial more useful, please share it with the rest of us. +如果你有其他问题，请随时提出。如果你是一位经验丰富的 Linux 用户并且有些更好的技巧，请同我们分享。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/ 作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[LazyWolfLin](https://github.com/LazyWolfLin) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 51dfff4fe1faa32bcdb0c7ac8b4b67ef0bbfd22c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LazyWolf Lin Date: Wed, 26 Dec 2018 13:36:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 6/7] Check translation of How to Update Ubuntu. --- ...untu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md | 20 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md index 13d393b381..9d7a8ebf92 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md +++ b/translated/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md @@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ 如何更新 Ubuntu [终端及GUI方式] It's FOSS ====== -**这篇教程将向你展示如何更新服务器版本或者桌面版本的Ubuntu。它还解释了更新和升级之间的区别以及你应该了解的有关于Ubuntu Linux中的更新的一些其他内容。** +**这篇教程将向你展示如何更新服务器版本或者桌面版本的 Ubuntu。它还解释了更新和升级之间的区别以及你应该了解的有关于 Ubuntu Linux 中的更新的一些其他内容。** -如果你是一个新手并已经体验Ubuntu数天或几周，你可能想知道如何更新你的[Ubuntu][1]系统以获取安全补丁，错误修复和应用升级。 +如果你是一个新手并已经体验 Ubuntu 数天或几周，你可能想知道如何更新你的 [Ubuntu][1] 系统以获取安全补丁，错误修复和应用升级。 -更新 Ubuntu 非常简单。我并不夸张的说。它简单得只要运行两个命令。让我来告诉你更多更新细节。 +更新 Ubuntu 非常简单。我并不是瞎说。它简单得只要运行两个命令。让我来告诉你这两个命令的更多细节。 请注意，本教程适用于 Ubuntu 18.04，16.04 或任何其他版本。命令行方式也适用于基于 Ubuntu 的发行版如 Linux Mint，Linux Lite，elementary OS 等。 @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ ![如何更新 Ubuntu][2] -在桌面上，打开终端。你可以在菜单里找到它或者使用 Ctrl+Alt+T [快捷键][3]。如果你登陆到一台 [Ubuntu 服务器][4]，那你已经在访问一个终端了。 +在桌面上，打开终端。你可以在菜单里找到它或者使用 Ctrl+Alt+T [快捷键][3]。如果你是登陆到一台 [Ubuntu 服务器][4]，那你已经在访问一个终端了。 在终端里，你只需要使用以下命令： @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y ``` -它将询问密码，而你可以使用你账号的密码。输入时，你将不会看到任何内容在屏幕上，所以请继续输入你的密码并按回车键。 +它将询问密码，而你可以使用你的账号密码。输入时，你将不会看到任何内容在屏幕上，所以请继续输入你的密码并按回车键。 现在，我来解释下上面的命令。 @@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ sudo apt upgrade #### 说明：sudo apt update -这条命令更新了可用软件包的本地数据库。如果你没运行这条命令，本地数据库将不会更新而你的系统将不会知道是否又可用的新版本。 +这条命令更新了可用软件包的本地数据库。如果你没运行这条命令，本地数据库将不会被更新，而你的系统将不会知道是否有可用的新版本。 -这就是为什么当你运行 `sudo apt update`，你会在输出中看到大量的 URLs。这条命令从对应的储存库（你在输出中看到的 URLs）中获取软件包信息。 +这就是为什么当你运行 `sudo apt update`，你会在输出中看到大量的 URLs。这条命令会从对应的储存库（你在输出中看到的 URLs）中获取软件包信息。 ![更新 Ubuntu Linux][5] @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ apt list --upgradable ![通过命令行更新 Ubuntu Linux][7] -你可以键入 `yes`,`y` 或者只敲回车键去确认安装这些更新。 +你可以键入 `yes`，`y` 或者只敲回车键去确认安装这些更新。 所以总的来说，`sudo apt update` 会检查可用的新版本，而 `sudo apt upgrade` 实际上会执行更新。 @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ sudo apt autoremove #### 在 Ubuntu Server 中内核热修复以避免重启 -如果是 Linux 内核更新，你将需要在系统更新后重启。当你不希望服务器停机时，这将是一个问题。 +如果是 Linux 内核更新，你将需要在系统更新后重启。当你不希望服务器停机时，这将会是一个问题。 [热修复][15]功能允许Linux内核在持续运行时打补丁。换句话说就是你不需要重启你的系统。 @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ sudo apt autoremove #### 版本升级是不同的 -本文讨论的更新是使你安装的 Ubuntu 保持最新。它不包括[版本升级][17]（例如从 Ubuntu 16.04 升级到 18.04）。 +本文讨论的更新是使你安装的 Ubuntu 保持最新。但它不包括[版本升级][17]（例如从 Ubuntu 16.04 升级到 18.04）。 [Ubuntu 版本][18] 升级完全是另一回事。它更新整个操作系统核心。你需要在这个漫长的过程开始前做好备份。 From 1048b330a6021410854cb658918fec7c7fb9d98e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LazyWolf Lin Date: Wed, 26 Dec 2018 13:37:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 7/7] Delete 20181210 How to Update Ubuntu.md --- ...untu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md | 175 ------------------ 1 file changed, 175 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md b/sources/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3a9036f403..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20181210 How to Update Ubuntu -Terminal - GUI Methods- It-s FOSS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,175 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (LazyWolfLin) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (How to Update Ubuntu [Terminal & GUI Methods] It's FOSS) -[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/) -[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) -Translating by LazyWolfLin - -How to Update Ubuntu [Terminal & GUI Methods] It's FOSS -====== - -**This tutorial shows you how to update Ubuntu for both server and desktop versions. It also explains the difference between update and upgrade along with a few other things you should know about updates in Ubuntu Linux.** - -If you are a new user and have been using Ubuntu for a few days or weeks, you might be wondering how to update your [Ubuntu][1] system for security patches, bug fixes and application upgrades. - -Updating Ubuntu is absolutely simple. I am not exaggerating. It’s as simple as running two commands. Let me give you more details on it. - -Please note that the tutorial is valid for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04 or any other version. The command line way is also valid for Ubuntu-based distributions like Linux Mint, Linux Lite, elementary OS etc. - -### Update Ubuntu via Command Line - -![How to Update Ubuntu][2] - -On the desktop, open the terminal. You can find it in the menu or use the Ctrl+Alt+T [keyboard shortcut][3]. If you are logged on to an [Ubuntu server][4], you already have access to a terminal. - -In the terminal, you just have to use the following command: - -``` -sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y -``` - -It will ask for password and you can use your account’s password. You won’t see the anything on the screen while typing so keep on typing your password and hit enter. - -Now let me explain the above command. - -Actually, it’s not a single command. It’s a combination of two commands. The && is a way to combine two commands in a way that the second command runs only when the previous command ran successfully. - -The ‘-y’ in the end automatically enters yes when the command ‘apt upgrade’ ask for your confirmation before installing the updates. - -Note that you can also use the two commands separately, one by one: - -``` -sudo apt update -sudo apt upgrade -``` - -It will take a little longer because you have to wait for one command to finish and then enter the second command. - -#### Explanation: sudo apt update - -This command updates the local database of available packages. If you won’t run this command, the local database won’t be updated and your system will not know if there are any new versions available. - -This is why when you run the sudo apt update, you’ll see lots of URLs in the output. The command fetches the package information from the respective repositories (the URLs you see in the output). - -![Updating Ubuntu Linux][5] - -At the end of the command, it tells you how many packages can be upgraded. You can see these packages by running the following command: - -``` -apt list --upgradable -``` - -**Additional Reading:** Read this article to learn [what is Ign, Hit and Get in the apt update command output][6]. - -#### Explanation: sudo apt upgrade - -This command matches the versions of installed packages with the local database. It collects all of them and then it will list all of the packages that have a newer version available. At this point, it will ask if you want to upgrade (the installed packages to the newer version). - -![Update Ubuntu Linux via Command Line][7] - -You can type ‘yes’, ‘y’ or just press enter to confirm the installation of updates. - -So the bottom line is that the sudo apt update checks for the availability of new versions while as the sudo apt upgrade actually performs the update. - -The term update might be confusing as you might expect the apt update command to update the system by installing the updates but that doesn’t happen. - -### Update Ubuntu via GUI [For Desktop Users] - -If you are using Ubuntu as a desktop, you don’t have to go to terminal just for updating the system. You can still use the command line but it’s optional for you. - -In the menu, look for ‘Software Updater’ and run it. - -![Run Software Updater in Ubuntu][8] - -It will check if there are updates available for your system. - -![Checking if updates are available for Ubuntu][9] - -If there are updates available, it will give provide you with options to install the updates. - -![Install Updates via Update Manager in Ubuntu][10] - -Click on Install Now, it may ask for your password. - -![Installing Updates in Ubuntu Linux via GUI][11] - -Once you enter your password, it will start installing the updates. - -![Updating Ubuntu via GUI][12] - -In some cases, you may need to reboot the system for the installed updates to work properly. You’ll be notified at the end of the update if you need to restart the system. - -![Updating Ubuntu via GUI][12] - -You can choose to restart later if you don’t want to reboot your system straightaway. - -![Installing updates via GUI in Ubuntu][13] - -Tip: If the software updater returns an error, you should use the command ‘sudo apt update’ in the terminal. The last few lines of the output will contain the actual error message. You can search on the internet for that error and fix the problem. - -### Few things to keep in mind abou updating Ubuntu - -You just learned how to update your Ubuntu system. If you are interested, you should also know these few things around Ubuntu updates. - -#### Clean up after an update - -Your system will have some unnecessary packages that won’t be required after the updates. You can remove such packages and [free up some space][14] using this command: - -``` -sudo apt autoremove -``` - -#### Live patching kernel in Ubuntu Server to avoid rebooting - -In case of a Linux kernel updates, you’ll have to restart the system after the update. This is an issue when you don’t want downtime for your server. - -[Live patching][15] feature allows the patching of Linux kernel while the kernel is still running. In other words, you don’t have to reboot your system. - -If you manage servers, you may want to [enable live patching in Ubuntu][16]. - -#### Version upgrades are different - -The updates discussed here is to keep your Ubuntu install fresh and updated. It doesn’t cover the [version upgrades][17] (for example upgrading Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04). - -[Ubuntu version][18] upgrades are entirely a different thing. It updates the entire operating system core. You need to make proper backups before starting this lengthy process. - -### Conclusion - -I hope you liked this tutorial on updating the Ubuntu system and you learned a few new things. - -If you have any questions, please fee free to ask. If you are an experienced Linux users and have some tip that can make this tutorial more useful, please share it with the rest of us. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/ - -作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.ubuntu.com/ -[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/how-to-update-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/ -[4]: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server -[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubunt-1.jpeg?resize=800%2C357&ssl=1 -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/ -[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubunt-2.jpeg?ssl=1 -[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-via-GUI-1.jpeg?resize=800%2C250&ssl=1 -[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-via-GUI-2.jpeg?resize=800%2C250&ssl=1 -[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-GUI-3.jpeg?resize=800%2C365&ssl=1 -[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/install-update-ubuntu-1.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 -[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/installing-updates-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1 -[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/installing-updates-ubuntu-2.jpeg?ssl=1 -[14]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/ -[15]: https://www.ubuntu.com/livepatch -[16]: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-live-patch-ubuntu-linux-server-kernel-without-rebooting/ -[17]: https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-ubuntu-version/ -[18]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/