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sources/How to manage Linux server with GUI.md
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sources/How to manage Linux server with GUI.md
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How to manage Linux server with GUI
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================================================================================
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A typical Linux server runs in a command line interface (CLI) environment, preloaded with bare essential tools needed to install and configure various headless services. Compared to a full-blown GUI desktop image, such a minimal setup is advantageous in terms of security, resource consumption and speed.
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If you are used to GUI-based environment, however, you may wonder whether there is a GUI for Linux server. A typical Linux desktop environment like GNOME, KDE, etc. will probably be too resource-heavy for what it's worth, and not as secure simply because there will be more code subject to potential security vulnerabilities.
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An alternative to a full-blown desktop GUI is to use a **web-based server administration tool**. There are several web-based system configuration tools, such as [Webmin][1], [ISPconfig][2], [Zentyal][3], etc.
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In this tutorial, I will describe **how to manage and configure a Linux server with Webmin's web-based GUI**.
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Webmin is a lightweight (~20 MB) system configuration tool written in Perl. Webmin has a built-in web server, allowing users to configure a Linux server via web interface. One of its strength is its modular architecture where you can load modules to Webmin to extend its functionality.
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### Install Webmin on Linux Server ###
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To install Webmin on Ubuntu or Debian server, you can use the following commands.
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$ sudo apt-get install perl libnet-ssleay-perl openssl libauthen-pam-perl libpam-runtime libio-pty-perl apt-show-versions python
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$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin_1.660_all.deb
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$ sudo dpkg -i webmin_1.660_all.deb
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To install Webmin on CentOS or RHEL server, use these commands.
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$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin_1.660_all.deb
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$ sudo rpm -U webmin-1.660-1.noarch.rpm
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### Access Webmin Interface ###
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Once you installed Webmin, you can access Webmin by going to https://<HOST_IP>:10000 on a web browser. If you have a firewall enabled, make sure that TCP 10000 port is not blocked.
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Also, note that you should use HTTPS, not HTTP. Otherwise, you will get a redirection error. By default, Webmin runs in SSL mode with a default SSL certificate generated by Webmin.
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Once you see Webmin's login page, you can log in as root (with the root password) or as any user who can use sudo on the Linux server. After logging in, you will see the status summary of your Linux server as follows.
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[][4]
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### Webmin Features ###
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Webmin boasts of an extremely rich set of features that allow you to configure almost every aspect of a given Linux server. In the following, let me give you a glimpse of some of its powerful features.
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Enable or disable boot-time services, and show their configuration status.
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[][5]
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Monitor the status of server and services in real time, and configure scheduled monitoring and notification emails. Here you can monitor various server daemons such as NFS, MySQL, BIND DNS, Squid proxy, Apache Web server, etc., as well as system resources such as disk storage, memory or network traffic.
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Configure iptables-based firewall rules.
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[][6]
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Configure local routing table and gateways.
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Mount and configure a filesystem.
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[][7]
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Access and modify local file system via web-based file manager interface. This requires Java plugin for web browser.
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Change Webmin configurations, where you can access-control IP addresses, add/remove Webmin modules, enable two-factor authentication for secure login, set up certificate authority, etc.
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[][8]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/manage-linux-server-gui.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.webmin.com/
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[2]:http://www.ispconfig.org/
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[3]:http://www.zentyal.org/
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[4]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937800943/
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[5]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937589506/
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[6]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937801173/
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[7]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937589556/
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[8]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937532015/
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Manage and Limit Download/Upload Bandwidth with Trickle in Linux
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================================================================================
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Have you ever encountered situations where one application dominated you all network bandwidth? If you have ever been in a situation where one application ate all your traffic, then you will value the role of the trickle bandwidth shaper application. Either you are a system admin or just a Linux user, you need to learn how to control the upload and download speeds for applications to make sure that your network bandwidth is not burned by a single application.
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### What is Trickle? ###
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**Trickle** is a bandwidth shaper tool which can be used to limit the bandwidth usage of programs such as **Firefox, FTP , SSH** and many other applications that make use of the network bandwidth. Do you want your **Youtube** music experience to interfere with the ftp download? If not, keep reading this article and learn how to install and use the trickle application in your machine.
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### How to Install Trickle in Linux ###
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The trickle tool has its own dependencies, you must have the “**libevent library**” before you can install and use trickle but since this library is installed by default in most modern Linux machines.
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#### On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint ####
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Run **apt-get install** trickle will do the job in **Debian/Ubuntu/Mint** machines. Make sure the sources list is up to date, then install the application you want.
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install trickle
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#### On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora ####
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First you need to update the system and then install trickle with the following command.
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# yum update
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# yum install trickle
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### How Trickle Works? ###
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Trickle controls and limits the **upload/download** speed of an application by controlling the amount of data written or read by a socket. It uses an alternative version of the the **BSD** socket API, but the difference is that trickle manages socket calls also.
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Note that trickle uses dynamic linking and loading, so it can only work with applications that use the “Glibc library“. Since trickle is able to set up the delay of data transferred over a socket, it is clear that it can limit the network bandwidth of an application.
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### What Can’t Trickle do? ###
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Trickle can not be use to limit the network bandwidth of applications that work over **UDP** protocol, it can only work on **TCP** connections, but you have to know that it does not work with all **TCP** connections. If you have followed this article carefully until now, you can guess the reason why. Can you recall the fact that tickle can work with applications that use the **Glibc library**?
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I have to mention that trickle will not work with statically linked executables.
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### Determine Trickle to Run on a Specified Application Or Not ###
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Since trickle can not limit the **upload/download** speed of every application, it is reasonable to use a method for finding out the applications that the trickle can work with.
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The “**ldd**” utility will help us to find if a specific program uses the “**libc.so**” library or not. If the program uses this library, then you can use trickle to limit its network bandwidth usage.
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The **ldd** command is used to print the shared libraries required by each program. If you are a curious **Linux Geek**, you can use the man command to find out more information about the **ldd** utility.
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# man ldd
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**Filezilla** is a program which is used to transfer files through the ftp protocol, can trickle be used to limit its download or upload speed? At the time you are thinking about it, I will use the following command to find out if trickle can be used with filezilla program, or not.
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# ldd filezilla | grep libc.so
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In my case, it produces the following output.
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oltjano@oltjano-X55CR:/usr/bin$ ldd filezilla | grep libc.so
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libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb6bc4000)
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Since filezilla uses the “**libc.so**” library, trickle can be used to shape its network bandwidth. This method can be applied the same way for every program you are interested in.
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### Learn How to Use Trickle ###
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Print the **version** of the trickle tool with the following command.
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root@oltjano-X55CR:~# trickle -V
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trickle: version 1.07
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Linux have many command-line utilities that make testing (experimenting) so fun and beautiful. The following command uses the [wget utility][1] to download the latest Pear OS image.
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root@oltjano-X55CR:~# wget wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
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--2013-11-20 11:56:32-- http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
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Resolving sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.60
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Connecting to sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.60|:80... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
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Location: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384928843&use_mirror=kaz [following]
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--2013-11-20 11:56:33-- http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384928843&use_mirror=kaz
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Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.59
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Connecting to downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.59|:80... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
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Location: http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso [following]
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--2013-11-20 11:56:33-- http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso
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Resolving kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)... 88.204.157.163
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Connecting to kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)|88.204.157.163|:80... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
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Length: 1093664768 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
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Saving to: ‘download’
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0% [ ] 30,78,278 381KB/s eta 1h 50m
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As you can see from above output, the download speed is about **381 KB/s**. I want to limit the download speed to **13 K/s** so I can use my bandwidth for other stuff. The following command is used to limit the speed of the Wget utility to **13 K/s**.
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root@oltjano-X55CR:~# trickle -d 13 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
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ravisaive@ravisaive-OptiPlex-380:~$ trickle -d 13 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
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--2013-11-20 12:01:19-- http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
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Resolving sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.60
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Connecting to sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.60|:80... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
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Location: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384929129&use_mirror=kaz [following]
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--2013-11-20 12:01:19-- http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384929129&use_mirror=kaz
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Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.59
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Connecting to downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.59|:80... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
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Location: http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso [following]
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--2013-11-20 12:01:20-- http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso
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Resolving kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)... 88.204.157.163
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Connecting to kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)|88.204.157.163|:80... connected.
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HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
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Length: 1093664768 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
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Saving to: ‘download.1’
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0% [ ] 2,01,550 13.1KB/s eta 21h 5m
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As you can see from above output, the downloading speed is limited to **13K/s**. The download will take **21h** and **5m**. The “**-d**” option in the above command means download, you can also combine the “**-d**” option with the upload option (**-u**) like shown in the following command.
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# trickle -u 100 -d 50 ftp
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The above command is used to limit the upload speed to **100K/s** and download speed to **50K/s** of a **ftp client**. You can also limit the bandwidth for all commands running in a single shell with the following command.
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trickle -d 130 -u 13 bash
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Every command-line utility offers help to the user, use the “-h” option with the trickle command to find more information about the trickle tool usage.
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root@oltjano-X55CR:/usr/bin# trickle -h
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Usage: trickle [-hvVs] [-d <rate>] [-u <rate>] [-w <length>] [-t <seconds>]
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[-l <length>] [-n <path>] command ...
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-h Help (this)
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-v Increase verbosity level
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-V Print trickle version
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-s Run trickle in standalone mode independent of trickled
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-d <rate> Set maximum cumulative download rate to <rate> KB/s
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-u <rate> Set maximum cumulative upload rate to <rate> KB/s
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-w <length> Set window length to <length> KB
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-t <seconds> Set default smoothing time to <seconds> s
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-l <length> Set default smoothing length to <length> KB
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-n <path> Use trickled socket name <path>
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-L <ms> Set latency to <ms> milliseconds
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-P <path> Preload the specified .so instead of the default one
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### Conclusion ###
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This article taught how to install trickle tool in your Linux machine and how to do some simple things with it. It does no matter if you work for a large corporate or just for yourself, the trickle tool is a must for an advanced Linux user.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/manage-and-limit-downloadupload-bandwidth-with-trickle-in-linux/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/
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