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Xingyu Wang
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[#]: subject: "How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux"
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[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-11-ubuntu/"
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[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "wxy"
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[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15230-1.html"
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如何在 Ubuntu 等 Linux 中安装 Python 3.11
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======
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> 打算为你的项目开发工作安装 Python 3.11？下面是如何在 Ubuntu 等发行版中安装 Python 3.11 的方法。
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![][1]
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Python 3.11 于 2022 年 10 月 25 日发布，并声称比之前的 [Python 3.10][2] 版本快 10% - 60%。
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一如既往，3.11 中的功能和改进列表明显较多。下面是一个简介：
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- 错误回溯更明确，可以指出导致错误的确切语句。
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- 引入异常组和新的 except* 语法。
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- 你可以在基础表达式中添加自定义文本，以便在你的代码中更好地处理错误。
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- 引入 Variadic 泛型，允许在 Python 数值库（如 NumPy）中使用类似数组的结构。
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- 字典类型 TypedDict 得到了改进，现在你可以指定个别字典项目是必须的还是可选的。
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- 引入了 Self 注解，允许类返回它们自己的类型实例。
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还有很多，你可以在官方的 [3.11 亮点页面][3] 上详细了解。
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### Linux 发行版中的当前 Python 版本
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[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][4] 带有 Python 3.10，而最近发布的 [Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu][5] 也是同样的版本。然而， Kinetick Kudu 可能会在几周内采用 3.11。
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另外，[Fedora 37][6] 已经有了 Python 3.11 RC2，并将提供该版本。
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所以，如果你正在运行 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS、[Linux Mint 21][7] 或任何基于 Ubuntu-LTS 的发行版，这里是你如何通过 PPA 安装 Python 3.11 的方法。
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**注意**：谨慎地使用这个方法。确保你知道你在做什么，因为替换 Linux 发行版的基础 Python 版本可能会导致系统不稳定。许多默认的应用程序和软件包都依赖于 3.10 版本。
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### 如何在 Ubuntu 和相关发行版中安装 Python 3.11
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打开终端提示，添加以下 PPA：
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```
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
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```
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使用下面的命令刷新缓存：
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```
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sudo apt update
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```
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并使用下面的命令安装 Python 3.11：
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```
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sudo apt install python3.11
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```
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![在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 中安装 Python 3.11][8]
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### 设置默认的 Python 版本
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理论上，你可以在 Linux 发行版中安装多个版本的 Python，但只能默认一个版本。将 Python 3.11 设置为默认版本需要一些额外的步骤。请跟我做。
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然而，在这之前，请确保你知道哪些应用程序依赖于 Python 3.10。你可以使用 `apt-cache rdepends` 命令轻松地找到它，如下所示：
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```
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debugpoint@debugpoint-22-04:~$ apt-cache rdepends python3.10
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python3.10
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Reverse Depends:
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python3.10-dbg
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python3.10-venv
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python3.10-full
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libpython3.10-testsuite
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idle-python3.10
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idle-python3.10
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python3.10-minimal
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python3.10-doc
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python3.10-dev
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python3
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[截断]
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python3
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python3-uno
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python3-all
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gedit
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```
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#### 使用 Python 3.11 作为默认的 Python3
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首先，从终端使用以下命令检查当前的默认版本：
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```
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python3 --version
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```
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使用 `update-alternatives` 来创建 `python3` 的符号链接：
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```
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.10 1
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```
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```
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.11 2
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```
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并通过命令选择哪一个作为 Python3 使用：
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```
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sudo update-alternatives --config python3
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```
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![设置默认的 Python 版本为 3.11][9]
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现在你可以开始在你当前的 Ubuntu 版本中使用最新的 Python 来进行工作/学习了。你可以使用上述命令切换到库存版本，并随时改变版本。
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如果你使用上述安装方法切换到 3.11，那么请确保你检查所有必要的应用程序，看它们是否工作正常。
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最后，如果你遇到问题，请在评论区告诉我。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-11-ubuntu/
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作者：[Arindam][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/py3112204-1024x576.jpg
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[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-10-ubuntu/
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[3]: https://docs.python.org/3.11/whatsnew/3.11.html
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[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-04-review/
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[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-10/
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[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/fedora-37/
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[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-mint-21-review/
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[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Install-Python-3.11-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.jpg
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[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Setting-up-default-python-version-to-3.11.jpg
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@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
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[#]: subject: "How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux"
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[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-11-ubuntu/"
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[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: " "
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux
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======
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**Planning to get Python 3.11 installed for your project work? Here’s how to install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and related distros.**
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![][1]
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Python 3.11 was released on Oct 25, 2022, and claims to be 10-60% faster than the prior [Python 3.10][2] version.
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As always, the feature and improvement list are significantly high in 3.11. Here’s a brief.
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- Error tracebacks are not more definite, which gives you an exact statement that causes the error.
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- Introduction of exception groups and new except* syntax
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- You can add custom text in the base expression for better error handling in your code.
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- Introduction of Variadic generic to allow array-like structure in numerical Python libraries )such as NumPy)
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- Dictionary type TypedDict gets improvement where you can now specify whether individual dictionary items are mandatory or optional.
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- Introduction of Self annotation, which allows classes to return their own type instance.
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And many more, which you can read in detail on the official [3.11 highlights page][3].
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### Current Python versions in Linux Distros
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[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][4] have Python 3.10, whereas the recently released [Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu][5] also have the same. However, Kinetick Kudu will probably feature 3.11 within a few weeks.
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Also, [Fedora 37][6] (planned for Nov 1) already has the Python 3.11 RC2 and will get the version.
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So, if you are running Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, [Linux Mint 21][7] or any Ubuntu-LTS-based distros, here’s how you can install Python 3.11 via a PPA.
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**Note**: Use this method with caution. Make sure you know what you are doing because replacing the base Python version of a Linux distribution may cause an unstable system. Many default applications and packages depend on the 3.10 version.
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### How to install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and related distros
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- Open a terminal prompt and add the following PPA.
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```
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
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```
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- Refresh the cache using the below command.
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```
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sudo apt update
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```
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- And install Python 3.11 using the below command.
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```
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sudo apt install python3.11
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```
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![Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][8]
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Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
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### Set Default Python Versions
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In theory, you can install multiple versions of Python in Linux distros, but the default can only be one version. Setting up Python 3.11 as default requires some additional steps. Follow along.
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However, before you do that, make sure you know which applications depend on Python 3.10. You can easily find it out using `apt-cache rdepends` command as below.
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```
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debugpoint@debugpoint-22-04:~$ apt-cache rdepends python3.10
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python3.10
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Reverse Depends:
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python3.10-dbg
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python3.10-venv
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python3.10-full
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libpython3.10-testsuite
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idle-python3.10
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idle-python3.10
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python3.10-minimal
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python3.10-doc
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python3.10-dev
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python3
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virtualbox
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python3.10-venv
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python3.10-full
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libpython3.10-testsuite
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kitty
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idle-python3.10
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idle-python3.10
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python3.10-minimal
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python3.10-doc
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python3.10-dev
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python3.10-dbg
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python3-uno
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python3-all
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python3.10-dbg
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virtualbox
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stimfit
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python3.10-venv
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python3.10-full
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python3-stfio
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python3-escript-mpi
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python3-escript
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python3-csound
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plasma-firewall
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pitivi
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obs-studio
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liferea
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libpython3.10-testsuite
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libglib2.0-tests
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kitty
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idle-python3.10
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idle-python3.10
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cluster-glue
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atac
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rhythmbox-plugins
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python3.10-minimal
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python3.10-doc
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python3.10-dev
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python3
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python3-uno
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python3-all
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gedit
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```
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#### Use Python 3.11 as the default Python3
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- First, check the current default version using the below command from the terminal.
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```
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python3 --version
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```
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- Use `update-alternatives` to create symbolic links to `python3`
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```
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.10 1
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```
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```
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.11 2
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```
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- And choose which one to use as Python3 via the command:
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```
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sudo update-alternatives --config python3
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```
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![Setting up default python version to 3.11][9]
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Setting up default python version to 3.11
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Now you can start using the latest Python in your current Ubuntu version for your work/study. You switch to the stock version using the above commands and change the versions at any time.
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If you switch to 3.11 using the above install method, then make sure you check all the necessary apps to see whether they are working fine.
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Finally, do let me know in the comment box if you run into problems.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-11-ubuntu/
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作者：[Arindam][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
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||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
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[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/py3112204-1024x576.jpg
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[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-10-ubuntu/
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[3]: https://docs.python.org/3.11/whatsnew/3.11.html
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[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-04-review/
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[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-10/
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[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/fedora-37/
|
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[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-mint-21-review/
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[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Install-Python-3.11-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.jpg
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[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Setting-up-default-python-version-to-3.11.jpg
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Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user