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@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
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translating by yupmoon
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Readers' Choice Awards 2014--Linux Journal
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================================================================================
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It's time for another Readers' Choice issue of Linux Journal! The format last year was well received, so we've followed suit making your voices heard loud again. I couldn't help but add some commentary in a few places, but for the most part, we just reported results. Please enjoy this year's Readers' Choice Awards!
|
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@ -534,4 +537,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/rc2014
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|
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[a]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/users/shawn-powers
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[1]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/contact
|
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[2]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/rc2014/coolest
|
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[2]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/rc2014/coolest
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|
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@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
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[su-kaiyao]translating
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10 ‘free’ Commands to Check Memory Usage in Linux
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================================================================================
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**Linux** is one of the most popular open source operating system and comes with huge set of commands. The most important and single way of determining the total available space of the **physical memory** and **swap memory** is by using “**free**” command.
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The Linux “**free**” command gives information about total used and available space of **physical memory** and **swap memory** with **buffers** used by kernel in **Linux/Unix** like operating systems.
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This article provides some useful examples of “**free**” commands with options, that might be useful for you to better utilize memory that you have.
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### 1. Display System Memory ###
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Free command used to check the used and available space of **physical memory** and **swap memory** in **KB**. See the command in action below.
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# free
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912548 109080 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136632 884996
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 2. Display Memory in Bytes ###
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Free command with option **-b**, display the size of memory in **Bytes**.
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# free -b
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1046147072 934420480 111726592 0 123256832 671281152
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-/+ buffers/cache: 139882496 906264576
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Swap: 4294959104 0 4294959104
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### 3. Display Memory in Kilo Bytes ###
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Free command with option **-k**, display the size of memory in (KB) **Kilobytes**.
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# free -k
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136604 885024
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 4. Display Memory in Megabytes ###
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To see the size of the memory in **(MB) Megabytes** use option as **-m**.
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# free -m
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 997 891 106 0 117 640
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-/+ buffers/cache: 133 864
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Swap: 4095 0 4095
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### 5. Display Memory in Gigabytes ###
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Using **-g** option with free command, would display the size of the memory in **GB(Gigabytes)**.
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# free -g
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 0 0 0 0 0 0
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-/+ buffers/cache: 0 0
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Swap: 3 0 3
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### 6. Display Total Line ###
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Free command with -t option, will list the total line at the end.
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# free -t
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136604 885024
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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Total: 5215924 912520 4303404
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### 7. Disable Display of Buffer Adjusted Line ###
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By default the free command display “**buffer adjusted**” line, to disable this line use option as -o.
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# free -o
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 655548
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 8. Dispaly Memory Status for Regular Intervals ###
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The -s option with number, used to update free command at regular intervals. For example, the below command will update free command every 5 seconds.
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# free -s 5
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912368 109260 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136452 885176
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 9. Show Low and High Memory Statistics ###
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The -l switch displays detailed high and low memory size statistics.
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# free -l
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912368 109260 0 120368 655548
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Low: 890036 789064 100972
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High: 131592 123304 8288
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136452 885176
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 10. Check Free Version ###
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The -V option, display free command version information.
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# free -V
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procps version 3.2.8
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/check-memory-usage-in-linux/
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作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
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|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
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@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
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How to configure rsyslog client for remote logging on CentOS
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================================================================================
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**rsyslog** is an open source utility widely used on Linux systems to forward or receive log messages via TCP/UDP protocols. rsyslog daemon can be configured in two scenarios. Configured as a log collector server, rsyslog daemon can gather log data from all other hosts in the network, which are configured to send their internal logs to the server. In another role, rsyslog daemon can be configured as a client which filters and sends internal log messages to either a local folder (e.g. /var/log) or a remote rsyslog server based on routing facility.
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Assuming that you already have a rsyslog server [up and running][1] on your network, this guide will show you how to set up a CentOS system to route its internal log messages to a remote rsyslog server. This will greatly improve your system's disk usage, especially if you don't have a separate large partition dedicated for /var directory.
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### Step One: Install Rsyslog Daemon ###
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On CentOS 6 and 7, rsyslog daemon comes preinstalled. To verify that rsyslog is installed on your CentOS system, issue the following command:
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# rpm -qa | grep rsyslog
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# rsyslogd -v
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If for some reason rsyslog daemon is missing on your system, issue the following command to install it:
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# yum install rsyslog
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### Step Two: Configure Rsyslog Daemon as a Client ###
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The next step is to transform your CentOS machine into a rsyslog client which sends all of its internal log messages to the central remote log server.
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To do so, open the main rsyslog configuration file located in /etc path with your favorite text editor:
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# nano /etc/rsyslog.conf
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After the file is opened for editing, you need to add the following statement at the bottom of the file. Replace the IP address with your remote rsyslog server's IP address.
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*.* @192.168.1.25:514
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The above statement tells rsyslog daemon to route every log message from every facility on the system to the remote rsyslog server (192.168.1.25) on UDP port 514.
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If for some reasons you need a more reliable protocol like TCP, and the rsyslog server is configured to listen for TCP connections, you must add an extra @ character in front of the remote host's IP address as in the below excerpt:
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*.* @@192.168.1.25:514
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Note that you can also replace the IP address of the rsyslog server with its DNS name (FQDN).
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If you want to forward log messages from a specific facility only, let's say kernel facility, then you can use the following statement in your rsyslog configuration file.
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kern.* @192.168.1.25:514
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Once you have modified the configuration, you need to restart the daemon to activate the change:
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**On CentOS 7:**
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# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
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**On CentOS 6:**
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# service rsyslog restart
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In another scenario, let's assume that you have installed an application named "foobar" on your machine, which generates logs to /var/log/foobar.log file. Now you want to direct only its logs to a remote rsyslog server. This can be achieved by loading imfile module in the rsyslog configuration as follows.
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First load the imfile module. This must be done just once.
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module(load="imfile" PollingInterval="5")
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Then specify the path to the log file that the imfile module should monitor:
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input(type="imfile"
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File="/var/log/foobar.log"
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Tag="foobar"
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Severity="error"
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Facility="local7")
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Finally, direct local7 facility to the remote rsyslog server:
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local7.* @192.168.1.25:514
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Don't forget to restart rsyslog daemon.
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### Step Three: Enable Rsyslog Daemon to Auto-start ###
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To automatically start rsyslog client after every system reboot, run the following command to enable it system-wide:
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**On CentOS 7:**
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# systemctl enable rsyslog.service
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**On CentOS 6:**
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# chkconfig rsyslog on
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### Summary ###
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In this tutorial I demonstrated how to turn a CentOS system into rsyslog client to force it to send its log messages to a remote rsyslog server. Here I assume that the connection between a rsyslog client and rsyslog server is secure (e.g., within corporate network protected by a firewall). Under any circumstances do not configure a rsyslog client to forward log messages over insecure networks or, especially, over the Internet as the syslog protocol is a clear-text protocol. For secure transmission, consider encrypting syslog messages using [TLS/SSL][2].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/configure-rsyslog-client-centos.html
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|
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作者：[Caezsar M][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/caezsar
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||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/configure-syslog-server-linux.html
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[2]:http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/rsyslog_tls.html
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@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
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How to create a custom backup plan for Debian with backupninja
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================================================================================
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Backupninja is a powerful and highly-configurable backup tool for Debian based distributions. In the [previous tutorial][1], we explored how to install backupninja and how to set up two backup actions for the program to perform. However, we should note that those examples were only "the tip of the iceberg," so to speak. In this post we will discuss how to leverage custom handlers and helpers that allow this program to be customized in order to accomplish almost any backup need that you can think of.
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And believe me - that is not an overstatement, so let's begin.
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|
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### A Quick Review of Backupninja ###
|
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One of backupninja's distinguishing features is the fact that you can just drop plain text configuration or action files in /etc/backup.d, and the program will take care of the rest. In addition, we can write custom scripts (aka "handlers") and place them in /usr/share/backupninja to handle each type of backup action. Furthermore, we can have these scripts be executed via ninjahelper's ncurses-based interactive menus (aka "helpers") to guide us to create the configuration files we mentioned earlier, minimizing the chances of human error.
|
||||
|
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### Creating a Custom Handler and Helper ###
|
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|
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Our goal in this case is to create a script to handle the backup of chosen home directories into a tarball with either gzip or bzip2 compression, excluding music and video files. We will simply name this script home, and place it under /usr/backup/ninja.
|
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|
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Although you could achieve the same objective with the default tar handler (refer to /usr/share/backupninja/tar and /usr/share/backupninja/tar.helper), we will use this approach to show how to create a useful handler script and ncurses-based helper from scratch. You can then decide how to apply the same principles depending on your specific needs.
|
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|
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Note that since handlers are sourced from the main script, there is no need to start with #!/bin/bash at the top.
|
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Our proposed handler (/usr/share/backupninja/home) is as follows. It is heavily commented for clarification. The getconf function is used to read the backup action's configuration file. If you specify a value for a variable here, it will override the corresponding value present in the configuration file:
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# home handler script for backupninja
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|
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# Every backup file will identify the host by its FQDN
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getconf backupname
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# Directory to store backups
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getconf backupdir
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|
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# Default compression
|
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getconf compress
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|
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# Include /home directory
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getconf includes
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|
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# Exclude files with *.mp3 and *.mp4 extensions
|
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getconf excludes
|
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|
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# Default extension for the packaged backup file
|
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getconf EXTENSION
|
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|
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# Absolute path to date binary
|
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getconf TAR `which tar`
|
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|
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# Absolute path to date binary
|
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getconf DATE `which date`
|
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|
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# Chosen date format
|
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DATEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d"
|
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|
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# If backupdir does not exist, exit with fatal error
|
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if [ ! -d "$backupdir" ]
|
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then
|
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mkdir -p "$backupdir" || fatal "Can not make directory $backupdir"
|
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fi
|
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|
||||
# If backupdir is not writeable, exit with fatal error as well
|
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if [ ! -w "$backupdir" ]
|
||||
then
|
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fatal "Directory $backupdir is not writable"
|
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fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Set the right tar option as per the chosen compression format
|
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case $compress in
|
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"gzip")
|
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compress_option="-z"
|
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EXTENSION="tar.gz"
|
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;;
|
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"bzip")
|
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compress_option="-j"
|
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EXTENSION="tar.bz2"
|
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;;
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"none")
|
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compress_option=""
|
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;;
|
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*)
|
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warning "Unknown compress filter ($tar_compress)"
|
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compress_option=""
|
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EXTENSION="tar.gz"
|
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;;
|
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esac
|
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|
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# Exclude the following file types / directories
|
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exclude_options=""
|
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for i in $excludes
|
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do
|
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exclude_options="$exclude_options --exclude $i"
|
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done
|
||||
|
||||
# Debugging messages, performing backup
|
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debug "Running backup: " $TAR -c -p -v $compress_option $exclude_options \
|
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-f "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`".$EXTENSION" \
|
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$includes
|
||||
|
||||
# Redirect standard output to a file with .list extension
|
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# and standard error to a file with .err extension
|
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$TAR -c -p -v $compress_option $exclude_options \
|
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-f "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`".$EXTENSION" \
|
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$includes \
|
||||
> "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`.list \
|
||||
2> "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`.err
|
||||
|
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[ $? -ne 0 ] && fatal "Tar backup failed"
|
||||
|
||||
Next, we will create our helper file (/usr/share/backupninja/home.helper) so that our handlers shows up as a menu in ninjahelper:
|
||||
|
||||
# Backup action's description. Separate words with underscores.
|
||||
HELPERS="$HELPERS home:backup_of_home_directories"
|
||||
|
||||
home_wizard() {
|
||||
home_title="Home action wizard"
|
||||
|
||||
backupname=`hostname --fqdn`
|
||||
|
||||
# Specify default value for the time when this backup actions is supposed to run
|
||||
inputBox "$home_title" "When to run this action?" "everyday at 01"
|
||||
[ $? = 1 ] && return
|
||||
home_when_run="when = $REPLY"
|
||||
|
||||
# Specify default value for backup file name
|
||||
inputBox "$home_title" "\"Name\" of backups" "$backupname"
|
||||
[ $? = 1 ] && return
|
||||
home_backupname="backupname = $REPLY"
|
||||
backupname="$REPLY"
|
||||
|
||||
# Specify default directory to store the backups
|
||||
inputBox "$home_title" "Directory where to store the backups" "/var/backups/home"
|
||||
[ $? = 1 ] && return
|
||||
home_backupdir="backupdir = $REPLY"
|
||||
|
||||
# Specify default values for the radiobox
|
||||
radioBox "$home_title" "Compression" \
|
||||
"none" "No compression" off \
|
||||
"gzip" "Compress with gzip" on \
|
||||
"bzip" "Compress with bzip" off
|
||||
[ $? = 1 ] && return;
|
||||
result="$REPLY"
|
||||
home_compress="compress = $REPLY "
|
||||
|
||||
REPLY=
|
||||
while [ -z "$REPLY" ]; do
|
||||
formBegin "$home_title: Includes"
|
||||
formItem "Include:" /home/gacanepa
|
||||
formDisplay
|
||||
[ $? = 0 ] || return 1
|
||||
home_includes="includes = "
|
||||
for i in $REPLY; do
|
||||
[ -n "$i" ] && home_includes="$home_includes $i"
|
||||
done
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
REPLY=
|
||||
while [ -z "$REPLY" ]; do
|
||||
formBegin "$home_title: Excludes"
|
||||
formItem "Exclude:" *.mp3
|
||||
formItem "Exclude:" *.mp4
|
||||
# Add as many “Exclude” text boxes as needed to specify other exclude options
|
||||
formItem "Exclude:"
|
||||
formItem "Exclude:"
|
||||
formDisplay
|
||||
[ $? = 0 ] || return 1
|
||||
home_excludes="excludes = "
|
||||
for i in $REPLY; do
|
||||
[ -n "$i" ] && home_excludes="$home_excludes $i"
|
||||
done
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
# Save the config
|
||||
get_next_filename $configdirectory/10.home
|
||||
cat > $next_filename <<EOF
|
||||
$home_when_run
|
||||
$home_backupname
|
||||
$home_backupdir
|
||||
$home_compress
|
||||
$home_includes
|
||||
$home_excludes
|
||||
|
||||
# tar binary - have to be GNU tar
|
||||
TAR `which tar`
|
||||
DATE `which date`
|
||||
DATEFORMAT "%Y-%m-%d"
|
||||
EXTENSION tar
|
||||
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
# Backupninja requires that configuration files be chmoded to 600
|
||||
chmod 600 $next_filename
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
### Running Ninjahelper ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once we have created our handler script named home and the corresponding helper named home.helper, let's run ninjahelper command to create a new backup action:
|
||||
|
||||
# ninjahelper
|
||||
|
||||
And choose create a new backup action.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We will now be presented with the available action types. Let's select "backup of home directories":
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The next screens will display the default values as set in the helper (only 3 of them are shown here). Feel free to edit the values in the text box. Particularly, refer to the scheduling section of the documentation for the right syntax for the when variable.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When you are done creating the backup action, it will show in ninjahelper's initial menu:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Then you can press ENTER to show the options available for this action. Feel free to experiment with them, as their description is quite straightforward.
|
||||
|
||||
Particularly, "run this action now" will execute the backup action in debug mode immediately regardless of the scheduled time:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Should the backup action fail for some reason, the debug will display an informative message to help you locate the error and correct it. Consider, for example, the following error messages that were displayed after running a backup action with bugs that have not been corrected yet:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The image above tells you that the connection needed to complete the backup action could not be completed because the remote host seems to be down. In addition, the destination directory specified in the helper file does not exist. Once you correct the problems, re-run the backup action.
|
||||
|
||||
A few things to remember:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- If you create a custom script in /usr/share/backupninja (e.g., foobar) to handle a specific backup action, you also need to write a corresponding helper (e.g., foobar.helper) in order to create, through ninjahelper, a file named 10.foobar (11 and onward for further actions as well) in /etc/backup.d, which is the actual configuration file for the backup action.
|
||||
- You can execute your backups at any given time via ninjahelper as explained earlier, or have them run as per the specified frequency in the when variable.
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary ###
|
||||
|
||||
In this post we have discussed how to create our own backup actions from scratch and how to add a related menu in ninjahelper to facilitate the creation of configuration files. With the previous [backupninja article][2] and the present one I hope I've given you enough good reasons to go ahead and at least try it.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/create-custom-backup-plan-debian.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/gabriel
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
|
||||
How to use Evernote from the command line on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
This week let's continue our journey into the depth of the Linux command line to manage and organize information. After managing [your personal expenses][1] from the command line, I propose you to manage your notes from the command line, in particular, when your notes are stored in Evernote. In case you have never heard about it, [Evernote][2] specializes in a user-friendly online service for note-taking with cloud synchronization across multiple devices. Besides offering fancy web-based APIs, Evernote has released Evernote clients for Windows, Mac, [Android][3] and iOS. However, there is, up to today, no official Linux client available. Hopefully, among the plethora of unofficial Linux programs, one emerges and attracts all the command line warriors that we are: [Geeknote][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation of Geeknote ###
|
||||
|
||||
Geeknote is developed in Python. So before trying anything, make sure that you have Python (version 2.7 preferably) and git installed.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Debian, Ubuntu and Linux Mint ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install python2.7 git python-setuptools
|
||||
$ git clone git://github.com/VitaliyRodnenko/geeknote.git
|
||||
$ cd geeknote
|
||||
$ sudo python2.7 setup.py install
|
||||
|
||||
#### Fedora or CentOS/RHEL ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install git
|
||||
$ git clone git://github.com/VitaliyRodnenko/geeknote.git
|
||||
$ cd geeknote
|
||||
$ sudo python setup.py install
|
||||
|
||||
#### Arch Linux ####
|
||||
|
||||
For Arch Linux users, just use the package from the [AUR][5].
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Usage of Geeknote ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once you installed Geeknote, you should link Geeknote with your Evernote account with:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote login
|
||||
|
||||
Then enter your email address, your password, and your two-factor authentication code. If you do not have the latter, just ignore it and press ENTER.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously you need an Evernote account to do all of this, so go register first.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you are all set and ready, you can start playing around, creating new notes and editing them.
|
||||
|
||||
But first, you should set your favorite text editor with:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote settings --editor vim
|
||||
|
||||
Then, the general syntax to create a new note is:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote create --title [title of the new note] (--content [content] --tags [comma-separated tags] --notebook [comma-separated notebooks])
|
||||
|
||||
In the above, only the title field is required, which corresponds to the title of the new note. The other flags serve to add additional metadata for the note: add some tag(s) as relevant keywords for your note, and specify in which notebook(s) to place the note. Also, if your title or content contain spaces, don't forget to place them in quotation marks.
|
||||
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote create --title "My note" --content "This is a test note" --tags "finance, business, important" --notebook "Family"
|
||||
|
||||
Naturally, the next step is to edit your notes. The syntax is very similar:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote edit --note [title of the note to edit] (--title [new title] --tags [new tags] --notebook [new notebooks])
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the optional parameters such as title, tags, and notebook, serve to modify the metadata of the note. For example, you can rename a note with:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote edit --note [old title] --title [new title]
|
||||
|
||||
Now that the basis of creating and editing is done, the more advanced features are search and deletion. You can search through your notes with the syntax:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote find --search [text-to-search] --tags [comma-separated tags] --notebook [comma-separated notebooks] --date [date-or-date-range] --content-search
|
||||
|
||||
By default, the above command will search notes by their titles. With "--content-search" option, it will search notes by their content.
|
||||
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote find --search "*restaurant" --notebooks "Family" --date 31.03.2014-31.08.2014
|
||||
|
||||
Show all the notes with a specific title by running:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote show [title]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
My favorite trick though is probably to use:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote show "*"
|
||||
|
||||
which will display all your notes and allow you to chose one in particular.
|
||||
|
||||
And remove a note with:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote remove --note [title]
|
||||
|
||||
Be careful as this is a real removal. It will delete the note from your cloud storage.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, there are a lot of options to manage tags and notebooks. I think that the most useful one is probably to display the list of notebooks.
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote notebook-list
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From there, everything is pretty similar. As you can guess, listing all your tags is via:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote tag-list
|
||||
|
||||
Creating a notebook is done via:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote notebook-create --title [notebook title]
|
||||
|
||||
While creating a tag is:
|
||||
|
||||
$ geeknote tag-create --title [tag title]
|
||||
|
||||
Once you get the hang of it, the syntax is really coherent and clear, which is very appreciable.
|
||||
|
||||
If you still want more, don't forget to go checkout the [official documentation][6].
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus ###
|
||||
|
||||
As a bonus, Geeknote comes with the utility gnsync, which allows for file synchronization between your Evernote account and your local computer. However, I find its syntax a bit dry:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gnsync --path [where to sync] (--mask [what kind of file to sync] --format [in which format] --logpath [where to write the log] --notebook [which notebook to use])
|
||||
|
||||
What all of this means is the following.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- **--path /home/adrien/Documents/notes/**: location of note files to synchronize with Evernote.
|
||||
- **--mask "*.txt"**: synchronize only plain text files. By default, gnsync will try to sync every file.
|
||||
- **--format markdown**: whether you want them as plain or markdown format (the default is plain).
|
||||
- **--logpath /home/adrien/gnsync.log**: where to write the log for synchronization. In case it goes wrong, gnsync will write logging information there.
|
||||
- **--notebook "Family"**: in which notebook to synchronize note files. Note that if you leave it empty, a new notebook named after your synced folder will be created.
|
||||
|
||||
To conclude, Geeknote is a fancy little command-line client for Evernote. I personally don't use Evernote that much, but it remains pretty nice and useful. The command line aspect makes it both geeky and easy to combine with a shell script of some sort. Also, there exists a fork program of Geeknote on Git, named [geeknote-improved-git][7] in Archlinux AUR, which pretends to have a few more features and a more active development than the other branch. From what I could see, it is really worth taking a look at.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you think of Geeknote? Is it something you would consider using? Or would you rather stick to the traditional applications? Let us know in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/evernote-command-line-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Adrien Brochard][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/adrien
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/manage-personal-expenses-command-line.html
|
||||
[2]:https://evernote.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://xmodulo.com/go/android_tutorial
|
||||
[4]:http://www.geeknote.me/
|
||||
[5]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/geeknote-git/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.geeknote.me/documentation/
|
||||
[7]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/geeknote-improved-git/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
|
||||
10个检测Linux内存使用情况的‘free’命令
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
**Linux**是最有名的开源操作系统之一，它拥有着极其巨大的指令集。确定**物理内存**和**交换内存**所有可用空间的最重要，也是唯一的方法是使用“**free**”命令。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux “**free**”命令通过给出**Linux/Unix**操作系统中内核已使用的**buffers**情况，来提供**物理内存**和**交换内存**的总使用量和可用量。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这篇文章提供一些带有参数选项的“**free**”命令，这些命令对于你更好地利用你的内存会有帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 显示你的系统内存 ###
|
||||
|
||||
free命令用于检测**物理内存**和**交换内存**已使用量和可用量（单位为**KB**）。下面演示命令的使用情况。
|
||||
|
||||
# free
|
||||
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cach
|
||||
ed
|
||||
Mem: 1021628 912548 109080 0 120368 6555
|
||||
48
|
||||
-/+ buffers/cache: 136632 884996
|
||||
Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 以字节为单位显示内存 ###
|
||||
|
||||
加上**-b**参数的free命令，以**字节**为单位显示内存的大小。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -b
|
||||
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cach
|
||||
ed
|
||||
Mem: 1046147072 934420480 111726592 0 123256832 6712811
|
||||
52
|
||||
-/+ buffers/cache: 139882496 906264576
|
||||
Swap: 4294959104 0 4294959104
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 以千字节为单位显示内存 ###
|
||||
|
||||
加上**-k**参数的free命令，以(KB)**千字节**为单位显示内存大小。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -k
|
||||
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cach
|
||||
ed
|
||||
Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 655548
|
||||
-/+ buffers/cache: 136604 885024
|
||||
Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 以兆字节为单位显示内存 ###
|
||||
|
||||
想以**(兆字节)**显示内存大小，使用**-m**参数。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -m
|
||||
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cach
|
||||
ed
|
||||
Mem: 997 891 106 0 117 6
|
||||
40
|
||||
-/+ buffers/cache: 133 864
|
||||
Swap: 4095 0 4095
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 以千兆字节为单位显示内存 ###
|
||||
|
||||
使用**-g**为参数，将会以**GB(千兆字节)**为单位显示内存大小。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -g
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cached
|
||||
Mem: 0 0 0 0 0
|
||||
0
|
||||
-/+ buffers/cache: 0 0
|
||||
Swap: 3 0 3
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 显示总计行 ###
|
||||
|
||||
加上-t选项，将会在屏幕最后列出总计一行。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -t
|
||||
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cache
|
||||
d
|
||||
Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 6555
|
||||
48
|
||||
-/+ buffers/cache: 136604 885024
|
||||
Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
|
||||
Total: 5215924 912520 4303404
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. 关闭显示缓冲区调整一行 ###
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，free命令是显示“**缓冲区调整**”一行的，为了关闭显示，可以加上-o参数。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -o
|
||||
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cache
|
||||
d
|
||||
Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 6555
|
||||
48
|
||||
Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. 定期时间间隔更新内存状态 ###
|
||||
|
||||
-s选项加上一个整数，用来在定期时间间隔内更新free命令。举个例子，下面的命令将会在每5秒更新一个free命令。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -s 5
|
||||
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cach
|
||||
ed
|
||||
Mem: 1021628 912368 109260 0 120368 6555
|
||||
48
|
||||
-/+ buffers/cache: 136452 885176
|
||||
Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. 显示底和高内存统计信息 ###
|
||||
|
||||
-l选项显示了具体的高和低内存的使用统计情况。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -l
|
||||
|
||||
total used free shared buffers cach
|
||||
ed
|
||||
Mem: 1021628 912368 109260 0 120368 6555
|
||||
48
|
||||
Low: 890036 789064 100972
|
||||
High: 131592 123304 8288
|
||||
-/+ buffers/cache: 136452 885176
|
||||
Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. 检查free命令版本 ###
|
||||
|
||||
-V选项，显示free命令版本信息。
|
||||
|
||||
# free -V
|
||||
|
||||
procps version 3.2.8
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/check-memory-usage-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
|
||||
译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中>
|
||||
国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user