diff --git a/sources/tech/.directory b/sources/tech/.directory
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45bdd1cb5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sources/tech/.directory
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[Dolphin]
+Timestamp=2015,5,23,17,31,51
+Version=3
+ViewMode=2
diff --git a/translated/tech/20150512 45 Zypper Commands to Manage 'Suse' Linux Package Management.md b/translated/tech/20150512 45 Zypper Commands to Manage 'Suse' Linux Package Management.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfd3eeeaf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/translated/tech/20150512 45 Zypper Commands to Manage 'Suse' Linux Package Management.md
@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+45 个用于 ‘Suse‘ Linux 包管理的 Zypper 命令
+======================================================================
+SUSE（ Software and System Entwicklung，即软件和系统开发。其中‘entwicklung‘是德语，意为开发）Linux是 Novell 公司在 Linux 内核基础上发布的操作系统。SUSE Linux 有两个发行分支。其中之一名为 OpenSUSE，这是一款自由而且免费的操作系统。该系统由开源社区开发维护，支持一些最新版本的应用软件，其最新的稳定版本为 13.2。
+
+另外一个分支是SUSE Linux 企业版。该分支是一个为企业及商业化产品设计的 Linux 发行版，包含了大量的企业应用以及适用于商业产品生产环境的特性。其最新的稳定版本为 12。
+
+以下的链接包含了安装企业版 SUSE Linux 服务器的详细信息。
+
+- [如何安装企业版 SUSE Linux 12][1]
+
+Zypper 和 Yast 是 SUSE Linux 平台上的软件包管理工具，他们的底层使用了 RPM（译者注：RPM 最初指 Redhat Pacakge Manager ，现普遍解释为递归短语 RPM Package Manager 的缩写）。
+
+Yast（Yet another Setup Tool ）是 OpenSUSE 以及企业版 SUSE 上用于系统管理、设置和配置的工具。
+
+Zypper 是软件包管理器ZYpp的命令行接口，可用于安装、删除SUSE Linux上的软件以及进行系统更新。ZYpp为Zypper和Yast提供底层支持。
+
+本文将介绍实际应用中常见的一些Zypper命令。这些命令用来进行安装、更新、删除等任何软件包管理器所能够胜任的工作。
+
+**重要** : 切记所有的这些指令都将在系统全局范围内产生影响，所以必须以 root 身份执行，否则命令将失败。
+
+### 获取基本的 Zypper 帮助信息 ###
+
+1. 不带任何选项的执行 zypper, 将输出该命令的全局选项以及子命令列表（译者注：全局选项，global option，控制台命令的输入分为可选参数和位置参数两大类。按照习惯，一般可选参数称为选项'option'，而位置参数称为参数 'argument'）。
+
+ %> zypper
+ Usage:
+ zypper [--global-options]
+
+2. 获取一个具体的子命令的帮助信息，比如 'in' (install)，可以执行下面的命令
+
+ %> zypper help in
+ 或者
+ %> zypper help install
+ install (in) [options] {capability | rpm_file_uri}
+
+ Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
+ location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
+ of <, <=, =, >=, >.
+
+ Command options:
+ --from Select packages from the specified repository.
+ -r, --repo Load only the specified repository.
+ -t, --type Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product, srcpackage).
+ Default: package.
+ -n, --name Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
+ -C, --capability Select packages by capability.
+ -f, --force Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall),
+ downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
+ --oldpackage Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
+ Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
+ j it will not enforce a reinstall.
+ --replacefiles Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
+ already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
+ as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
+ ......
+
+3. 安装之前搜索一个安转包（以 gnome-desktop 为例 ）
+
+ # zypper se gnome-desktop
+
+ Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
+ Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ......................................................... [done]
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
+ Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' metadata ..............................................................[done]
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' cache ...................................................................[done]
+ Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' metadata ...........................................................[done]
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' cache ................................................................[done]
+ Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' metadata ...................................................[done]
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' cache ........................................................[done]
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+
+ S | Name | Summary | Type
+ --+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----------
+ | gnome-desktop2-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop2 | package
+ | gnome-desktop2 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-2-17 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-3-10 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-3-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Common data files | package
+ | gnome-desktop-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop | package
+ | gnome-desktop-sharp2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop-sharp2 | package
+ | gnome-desktop2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop2 | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package
+ | gnome-desktop-sharp2 | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-2-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | packag
+ | gnome-desktop-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
+ | libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
+ | gnome-desktop | The GNOME Desktop API Library | srcpackage
+
+4. 获取一个模式包的信息（以 lamp_server 为例）。
+
+ %> zypper info -t pattern lamp_server
+
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+
+
+ Information for pattern lamp_server:
+ ------------------------------------
+ Repository: openSUSE-13.2-Update
+ Name: lamp_server
+ Version: 20141007-5.1
+ Arch: x86_64
+ Vendor: openSUSE
+ Installed: No
+ Visible to User: Yes
+ Summary: Web and LAMP Server
+ Description:
+ Software to set up a Web server that is able to serve static, dynamic, and interactive content (like a Web shop). This includes Apache HTTP Server, the database management system MySQL,
+ and scripting languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Perl.
+ Contents:
+
+ S | Name | Type | Dependency
+ --+-------------------------------+---------+-----------
+ | apache2-mod_php5 | package |
+ | php5-iconv | package |
+ i | patterns-openSUSE-base | package |
+ i | apache2-prefork | package |
+ | php5-dom | package |
+ | php5-mysql | package |
+ i | apache2 | package |
+ | apache2-example-pages | package |
+ | mariadb | package |
+ | apache2-mod_perl | package |
+ | php5-ctype | package |
+ | apache2-doc | package |
+ | yast2-http-server | package |
+ | patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |
+
+5. 开启一个Zypper Shell 的会话。
+
+ %>zypper shell
+ 或者
+ %>zypper sh
+
+ zypper> help
+ Usage:
+ zypper [--global-options]
+
+**注意**:在 Zypper shell里面可以通过键入 ‘help‘ 获得全局选项以及子命令的列表。
+### Zypper 软件库管理 ###
+
+#### 列举已定义的软件库 ####
+
+6. 使用 'zypper repos' 或者 'zypper lr' 来列举所有已定以的软件库。
+
+ %> zypper repos
+ 或者
+ %> zypper lr
+ | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh
+ --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
+ 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No
+ 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes
+ 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes
+ 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes
+ 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
+ 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes
+ 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes
+ 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes
+ 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
+
+7. 在表格里面显示 zypper URI
+
+ # zypper lr -u
+ | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI
+ --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376
+ 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
+ 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2/
+ 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2-non-oss/
+ 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/non-oss/
+ 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
+ 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
+ 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/
+ 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/
+
+8. 根据优先级列举软件库。
+
+ %> zypper lr -P
+ | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | Priority
+ --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------
+ 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | 99
+ 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | 99
+ 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | 99
+ 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | 99
+ 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 85
+ 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
+ 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | 99
+ 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | 99
+ 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
+
+#### 刷新软件库 ####
+
+9. 使用 'zypper refresh' or 'zypper ref' 来刷新 zypper 软件库。
+
+ %> zypper refresh
+ 或者
+ %> zypper ref
+ Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date.
+ Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date.
+ Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
+ Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date.
+ Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date.
+ Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date.
+ All repositories have been refreshed.
+
+10. 刷新一个指定的软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）。
+
+ %> zypper refresh repo-non-oss
+ Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
+ Specified repositories have been refreshed.
+
+11. 强制更新一个软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）。
+
+ %> zypper ref -f repo-non-oss
+ Forcing raw metadata refresh
+ Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done]
+ Forcing building of repository cache
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done]
+ Specified repositories have been refreshed.
+
+#### 修改软件库 ####
+
+本文中我们使用‘zypper modifyrepo‘ 或者 ‘zypper mr‘ 来关闭或者开启 zypper 软件库。
+
+12. 在关闭一个软件库之前，我们需要知道在 zypper中，每一个软件库有一个唯一的标示数字与之关联，该数字用于打开或者关闭与之相联系的软件库。假设我们需要关闭 'repo-oss' 软件库，那么我们可以通过以下的法来获得该软件库的标志数字。
+
+ %> zypper lr
+ | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh
+ --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
+ 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No
+ 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes
+ 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes
+ 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes
+ 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
+ 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | No | Yes
+ 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes
+ 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes
+ 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
+从以上输出的列表中我们可以看到 'repo-oss' 库的标示数字是 6，因此通过以下的命令来关闭该库。
+
+ %> zypper mr -d 6
+ Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
+
+13. 如果需要再次开启软件库 ‘repo-oss‘, 接上例，与之相关联的标示数字为 6。
+
+ %> zypper mr -e 6
+ Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
+
+14. 针对某一个软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）开启自动刷新( auto-refresh )和 rpm 缓存，并设置该软件库的优先级，比如85。
+
+ %> zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss
+ Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85)
+ Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
+
+15. 对所有的软件库关闭 rpm 文件缓存。
+
+ %> zypper mr -Ka
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
+
+16. 对所有的软件库开启 rpm 文件缓存。
+ zypper mr -ka
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
+
+17. 关闭远程库的rpm 文件缓存
+ %> zypper mr -Kt
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
+ RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
+
+18. 开启远程软件库的 rpm 文件缓存。
+ %> zypper mr -kt
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
+ RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
+
+#### 增加新的软件库 ####
+
+可以通过这两个 zypper 指令 – 'zypper addrepo' 和 'zypper ar' 来增加新的软件库。在此过程中可以使用 URL 或者软件库的别名。
+
+19. 增加一个新的软件库（ 以 “http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/” 为例 ）。
+
+ %> zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update
+ Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done]
+ Repository 'update' successfully added
+ Enabled : Yes
+ Autorefresh : No
+ GPG check : Yes
+ URI : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
+
+20. 更改一个软件库的名字，这将仅仅改变软件库的别名。 命令 'zypper namerepo' 或者 'zypperr nr' 可以胜任此工作。例如更改标示数字为10的软件库的名字为 'upd8'，或者说将标示数字为10的软件库的别名改为 'upd8'，可以使用下面的命令。
+
+ %> zypper nr 10 upd8
+ Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
+
+#### 删除软件库 ####
+
+21. 删除一个软件库。要从系统删除一个软件库可以使 'zypper removerepo' 或者 'zypper rr'。例如以下的命令可以删除软件库 'upd8'
+
+ %> zypper rr upd8
+ # Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done]
+ Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
+
+### 使用 zypper 进行软件包管理 ###
+
+#### 用 zypper 安装一个软件包 ####
+
+22. 在 zypper 中，我们可以通过软件包的功能名称来安装一个软件包。以 Firefox 为例，以下的命令可以用来安装该软件包。
+ %> zypper in MozillaFirefox
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 128 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-atk-common at-spi2-atk-gtk2 at-spi2-core cantarell-fonts cups-libs desktop-file-utils fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders gstreamer gstreamer-fluendo-mp3
+ gstreamer-plugins-base gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese gtk2-metatheme-adwaita
+ gtk2-theming-engine-adwaita gtk2-tools gtk3-data gtk3-metatheme-adwaita gtk3-tools hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE libasound2 libatk-1_0-0 libatk-bridge-2_0-0
+ libatspi0 libcairo2 libcairo-gobject2 libcanberra0 libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk2-module libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module-common libcdda_interface0
+ libcdda_paranoia0 libcolord2 libdrm2 libdrm_intel1 libdrm_nouveau2 libdrm_radeon1 libFLAC8 libfreebl3 libgbm1 libgdk_pixbuf-2_0-0 libgraphite2-3 libgstapp-1_0-0 libgstaudio-1_0-0
+ libgstpbutils-1_0-0 libgstreamer-1_0-0 libgstriff-1_0-0 libgsttag-1_0-0 libgstvideo-1_0-0 libgthread-2_0-0 libgtk-2_0-0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz0 libjasper1 libjbig2 libjpeg8 libjson-c2
+ liblcms2-2 libLLVM libltdl7 libnsssharedhelper0 libogg0 liborc-0_4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1_0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpulse0 libsndfile1 libsoftokn3 libspeex1
+ libsqlite3-0 libstartup-notification-1-0 libtheoradec1 libtheoraenc1 libtiff5 libvisual libvorbis0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-server0
+ libX11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xfixes0 libXcomposite1 libXcursor1 libXdamage1 libXevie1
+ libXfixes3 libXft2 libXi6 libXinerama1 libxkbcommon-0_4_3 libXrandr2 libXrender1 libxshmfence1 libXtst6 libXv1 libXxf86vm1 Mesa Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libglapi0
+ metatheme-adwaita-common MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin pango-tools sound-theme-freedesktop
+
+ The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected:
+ gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese libcanberra0 libpulse0
+ PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin
+
+ 128 new packages to install.
+ Overall download size: 77.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 200.0 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+ Retrieving package cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch (1/128), 74.1 KiB (115.6 KiB unpacked)
+ Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)]
+ Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch (2/128), 40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked)
+ Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done]
+ Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
+
+23. 安装指定版本号的软件包，(以 gcc 5.1 为例)。
+ %>zypper in 'gcc<5.1'
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
+
+ 13 new packages to install.
+ Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+
+24. 为特定的CPU架构安装软件包（以兼容 i586 的 gcc 为例）。
+
+ %> zypper in gcc.i586
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
+
+ 13 new packages to install.
+ Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+ Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64 (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
+ Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)]
+ Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64 (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
+ Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]
+
+25. 为特定的CPU架构安装指定版本号的软件包（以兼容 i586 且版本低于5.1的 gcc 为例）
+
+ %> zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1'
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
+
+ 13 new packages to install.
+ Overall download size: 14.4 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+ In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
+ In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
+ In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (3/13), 41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
+
+26. 从指定的软件库里面安装一个软件包，例如从 amarok 中安装 libxine。
+ %> zypper in amarok upd:libxine1
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+ The following 202 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme
+ hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4
+ kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l
+ .....
+
+27. 通过指定软件包的名字安装软件包。
+
+ %> zypper in -n git
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 35 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ cvs cvsps fontconfig git git-core git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web libserf-1-1 libsqlite3-0 libXft2 libXrender1 libXss1 perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-DBD-SQLite perl-DBI
+ perl-Error perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Params-Util perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement perl-Term-ReadKey subversion subversion-perl tcl
+ tk xhost
+
+ The following 13 recommended packages were automatically selected:
+ git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement
+
+ The following package is suggested, but will not be installed:
+ git-daemon
+
+ 35 new packages to install.
+ Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+
+28. 通过通配符来安装软件包，例如，安装所有 php5 的软件包。
+ %> zypper in php5*
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ Problem: php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64 requires smtp_daemon, but this requirement cannot be provided
+ uninstallable providers: exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
+ postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
+ sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
+ exim-4.83-3.1.8.i586[repo-oss]
+ msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.i586[repo-oss]
+ postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
+ sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
+ exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[repo-oss]
+ msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.x86_64[repo-oss]
+ postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
+ sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
+ postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.i586[repo-update]
+ postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.x86_64[repo-update]
+ Solution 1: Following actions will be done:
+ do not install php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64
+ do not install php5-pear-Auth_SASL-1.0.6-7.1.3.noarch
+ do not install php5-pear-Horde_Http-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
+ do not install php5-pear-Horde_Image-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
+ do not install php5-pear-Horde_Kolab_Format-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
+ do not install php5-pear-Horde_Ldap-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
+ do not install php5-pear-Horde_Memcache-2.0.1-7.1.3.noarch
+ do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
+ do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
+ do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
+ ....
+
+29. 使用模式名称（模式名称是一类软件包的名字）来批量安装软件包
+
+ %> zypper in -t pattern lamp_server
+ ading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 29 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server perl-Data-Dump perl-Encode-Locale perl-File-Listing perl-HTML-Parser
+ perl-HTML-Tagset perl-HTTP-Cookies perl-HTTP-Daemon perl-HTTP-Date perl-HTTP-Message perl-HTTP-Negotiate perl-IO-HTML perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-libwww-perl perl-Linux-Pid
+ perl-LWP-MediaTypes perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-Net-HTTP perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Tie-IxHash perl-TimeDate perl-URI perl-WWW-RobotRules yast2-http-server
+
+ The following NEW pattern is going to be installed:
+ lamp_server
+
+ The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected:
+ apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork perl-Data-Dump perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-TimeDate yast2-http-server
+
+ 29 new packages to install.
+ Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
+
+30. 使用一行命令安转一个软件包同时卸载另一个软件包，例如在安装 nano 的同时卸载 vi
+
+ # zypper in nano -vi
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ '-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities.
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ nano nano-lang
+
+ The following package is going to be REMOVED:
+ vim
+
+ The following recommended package was automatically selected:
+ nano-lang
+
+ 2 new packages to install, 1 to remove.
+ Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
+ ...
+
+31. 使用 zypper 安装 rpm 软件包。
+
+ %> zypper in teamviewer*.rpm
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 24 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ alsa-oss-32bit fontconfig-32bit libasound2-32bit libexpat1-32bit libfreetype6-32bit libgcc_s1-gcc49-32bit libICE6-32bit libjpeg62-32bit libpng12-0-32bit libpng16-16-32bit libSM6-32bit
+ libuuid1-32bit libX11-6-32bit libXau6-32bit libxcb1-32bit libXdamage1-32bit libXext6-32bit libXfixes3-32bit libXinerama1-32bit libXrandr2-32bit libXrender1-32bit libXtst6-32bit
+ libz1-32bit teamviewer
+
+ The following recommended package was automatically selected:
+ alsa-oss-32bit
+
+ 24 new packages to install.
+ Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
+ ..
+
+#### 使用 zypper 卸载软件包 ####
+
+32. 命令 ‘zypper remove‘ 和 ‘zypper rm‘ 用于卸载软件包。例如卸载 apache2:
+
+ %> zypper remove apache2
+ 或者
+ %> zypper rm apache2
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 2 packages are going to be REMOVED:
+ apache2 apache2-prefork
+
+ 2 packages to remove.
+ After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+ (1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done]
+ (2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
+
+#### 使用Zypper 进行软件包更新 ####
+
+33. 更新所有的软件包，可以使用 ‘zypper update‘ 或者 ‘zypper up‘。
+
+ %> zypper up
+ 或者
+ %> zypper update
+
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Nothing to do.
+
+34. 更新指定的软件包，例如更新 apache2 以及 openssh。
+
+ zypper up apache2 openssh
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
+ No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ Nothing to do.
+
+35. 安装一个软件库，例如 ariadb，如果该库存在则更新之。
+
+ %> zypper in mariadb
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ 'mariadb' is already installed.
+ No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ Nothing to do.
+
+#### 安装源文件并且构建依赖关系 ####
+
+命令 ‘zypper source-install‘ 或者 ‘zypper si‘ 可以用于从源文件编译软件包
+
+36. 安装某一个软件包的源文件及其依赖关系，例如 mariadb。
+
+ %> zypper si mariadb
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Loading repository data...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10
+ libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel
+
+ The following source package is going to be installed:
+ mariadb
+
+ 36 new packages to install, 1 source package.
+ Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+
+37. 仅为某一个软件包安装源文件，例如 mariadb
+
+ %> zypper in -D mariadb
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ 'mariadb' is already installed.
+ No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ Nothing to do.
+
+38. 仅为某一个软件包安装依赖关系，例如 mariadb
+
+ %> zypper si -d mariadb
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Loading repository data...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed:
+ autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10
+ libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel
+
+ The following package is recommended, but will not be installed due to conflicts or dependency issues:
+ readline-doc
+
+ 36 new packages to install.
+ Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+
+#### Zypper in Scripts and Applications ####
+
+39. 安装一个软件包，并且在安装过程中跳过与用户的交互, 例如 mariadb。
+
+ %> zypper --non-interactive in mariadb
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ 'mariadb' is already installed.
+ No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ Nothing to do.
+
+40. 卸载一个软件包，并且在卸载过程中跳过与用户的交互，例如 mariadb
+
+ %> zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ The following package is going to be REMOVED:
+ mariadb
+
+ 1 package to remove.
+ After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
+ (1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
+
+41. 将 zypper 输出用 XML 格式打印。
+
+ %> zypper --xmlout
+ Usage:
+ zypper [--global-options] [--command-options] [arguments]
+
+ Global Options
+ ....
+
+42. 禁止详细信息输出到屏幕。
+
+ %> zypper --quiet in mariadb
+ The following NEW package is going to be installed:
+ mariadb
+
+ 1 new package to install.
+ Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used.
+ Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
+ ...
+
+43. 在卸载过程中禁止详细信息输出到屏幕
+
+ %> zypper --quiet rm mariadb
+
+44. 自动地同意版权或者协议。
+ %> zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses
+ Loading repository data...
+ Reading installed packages...
+ Resolving package dependencies...
+
+ Nothing to do.
+
+#### 清除 Zypper 缓存以及查看历史信息 ####
+
+45. 以下指令可以用来清理Zypper缓存。
+
+ %> zypper clean
+ All repositories have been cleaned up.
+
+如果需要一次性地清理元数据以及软件包缓存，可以通过 -all/-a 选项来达到目的
+
+ %> zypper clean -a
+ All repositories have been cleaned up.
+
+46. 查看 Zypper 的历史信息。籍由 Zypper 所有的软件包管理动作，包括安装、更新以及卸载都会在 /var/log/zypp/history中保留历史信息。可以通过 cat 来查看此文件，或者通过过滤器来筛选希望看到的信息。
+
+ cat /var/log/zypp/history
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|insserv-compat|0.1-12.2.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6160de7fbf961a279591a83a1550093a581214d9|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libX11-data|1.6.2-5.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|f1cb58364ba9016c1f93b1a383ba12463c56885a|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libnl-config|3.2.25-2.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|aab2ded312a781e93b739b418e3d32fe4e187020|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|wireless-regdb|2014.06.13-1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|be8cb16f3e92af12b5ceb977e37e13f03c007bd1|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a|
+ 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa|
+ ......
+
+#### 使用 Zypper 进行SUSE系统升级 ####
+
+47. 可以使用 Zypper 命令的 'dist-upgrade' 选项来将当前的SUSE Linux升级至最新版本。
+ # zypper dist-upgrade
+ You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command.
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done]
+ Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
+ Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done]
+ Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
+
+正文至此结束。希望本文可以帮助读者尤其是新手们管理SUSE Linux系统和服务器。如果您觉得某些比较重要的命令被作者漏掉了，请在评论部分写下您的返回，作者将根据评论对文章进行更新。保持联络，保持评论，多谢支持。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+原文地址: http://www.tecmint.com/zypper-commands-to-manage-suse-linux-package-management/
+
+作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
+译者：[张博约](https://github.com/zhangboyue)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
+[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/installation-of-suse-linux-enterprise-server-12/