mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
Merge pull request #18199 from wxy/20190712-What-is-Silverblue
TSL:20190712 What is Silverblue
This commit is contained in:
Xingyu.Wang
GitHub
commit
f4c56a5d95
@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What is Silverblue?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/what-is-silverblue/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Tomáš Popela https://fedoramagazine.org/author/tpopela/)
|
||||
|
||||
What is Silverblue?
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Silverblue is becoming more and more popular inside and outside the Fedora world. So based on feedback from the community, here are answers to some interesting questions about the project. If you do have any other Silverblue related questions, please leave it in the comments section and we will try to answer them in a future article.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Silverblue?
|
||||
|
||||
Silverblue is a codename for the new generation of the desktop operating system, previously known as Atomic Workstation. The operating system is delivered in images that are created by utilizing the _[rpm-ostree][2]_ [project][2]. The main benefits of the system are speed, security, atomic updates and immutability.
|
||||
|
||||
### What does “Silverblue” actually mean?
|
||||
|
||||
“Team Silverblue” or “Silverblue” in short doesn’t have any hidden meaning. It was chosen after roughly two months when the project, previously known as Atomic Workstation was rebranded. There were over 150 words or word combinations reviewed in the process. In the end _Silverblue_ was chosen because it had an available domain as well as the social network accounts. One could think of it as a new take on Fedora’s blue branding, and could be used in phrases like “Go, Team Silverblue!” or “Want to join the team and improve Silverblue?”.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is ostree?
|
||||
|
||||
[OSTree or libostree is a project][3] that combines a “git-like” model for committing and downloading bootable filesystem trees, together with a layer to deploy them and manage the bootloader configuration. OSTree is used by rpm-ostree, a hybrid package/image based system that Silverblue uses. It atomically replicates a base OS and allows the user to “layer” the traditional RPM on top of the base OS if needed.
|
||||
|
||||
### Why use Silverblue?
|
||||
|
||||
Because it allows you to concentrate on your work and not on the operating system you’re running. It’s more robust as the updates of the system are atomic. The only thing you need to do is to restart into the new image. Also, if there’s anything wrong with the currently booted image, you can easily reboot/rollback to the previous working one, if available. If it isn’t, you can download and boot any other image that was generated in the past, using the _ostree_ command.
|
||||
|
||||
Another advantage is the possibility of an easy switch between branches (or, in an old context, Fedora releases). You can easily try the _[Rawhide][4]_ or _[updates-testing][5]_ branch and then return back to the one that contains the current stable release. Also, you should consider Silverblue if you want to try something new and unusual.
|
||||
|
||||
### What are the benefits of an immutable OS?
|
||||
|
||||
One of the main benefits is security. The base operating system is mounted as read-only, and thus cannot be modified by malicious software. The only way to alter the system is through the _rpm-ostree_ utility.
|
||||
|
||||
Another benefit is robustness. It’s nearly impossible for a regular user to get the OS to the state when it doesn’t boot or doesn’t work properly after accidentally or unintentionally removing some system library. Try to think about these kind of experiences from your past, and imagine how Silverblue could help you there.
|
||||
|
||||
### How does one manage applications and packages in Silverblue?
|
||||
|
||||
For graphical user interface applications, [Flatpak][6] is recommended, if the application is available as a flatpak. Users can choose between Flatpaks from either Fedora and built from Fedora packages and in Fedora-owned infrastructure, or Flathub that currently has a wider offering. Users can install them easily through GNOME Software, which already supports Fedora Silverblue.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the first things users find out is there is no _dnf_ preinstalled in the OS. The main reason is that it wouldn’t work on Silverblue — and part of its functionality was replaced by the _rpm-ostree_ command. Users can overlay the traditional packages by using the _rpm-ostree install PACKAGE_. But it should only be used when there is no other way. This is because when the new system images are pulled from the repository, the system image must be rebuilt every time it is altered to accommodate the layered packages, or packages that were removed from the base OS or replaced with a different version.
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Silverblue comes with the default set of GUI applications that are part of the base OS. The team is working on porting them to Flatpaks so they can be distributed that way. As a benefit, the base OS will become smaller and easier to maintain and test, and users can modify their default installation more easily. If you want to look at how it’s done or help, take a look at the official [documentation][7].
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Toolbox?
|
||||
|
||||
[_Toolbox_][8] is a project to make containers easily consumable for regular users. It does that by using _podman_’s rootless containers. _Toolbox_ lets you easily and quickly create a container with a regular Fedora installation that you can play with or develop on, separated from your OS.
|
||||
|
||||
### Is there any Silverblue roadmap?
|
||||
|
||||
Formally there isn’t any, as we’re focusing on problems we discover during our testing and from community feedback. We’re currently using Fedora’s [Taiga][9] to do our planning.
|
||||
|
||||
### What’s the release life cycle of the Silverblue?
|
||||
|
||||
It’s the same as regular Fedora Workstation. A new release comes every 6 months and is supported for 13 months. The team plans to release updates for the OS bi-weekly (or longer) instead of daily as they currently do. That way the updates can be more thoroughly tested by QA and community volunteers before they are sent to the rest of the users.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is the future of the immutable OS?
|
||||
|
||||
From our point of view the future of the desktop involves the immutable OS. It’s safest for the user, and Android, ChromeOS, and the last macOS Catalina all use this method under the hood. For the Linux desktop there are still problems with some third party software that expects to write to the OS. HP printer drivers are a good example.
|
||||
|
||||
Another issue is how parts of the system are distributed and installed. Fonts are a good example. Currently in Fedora they’re distributed in RPM packages. If you want to use them, you have to overlay them and then restart to the newly created image that contains them.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is the future of standard Workstation?
|
||||
|
||||
There is a possibility that the Silverblue will replace the regular Workstation. But there’s still a long way to go for Silverblue to provide the same functionality and user experience as the Workstation. In the meantime both desktop offerings will be delivered at the same time.
|
||||
|
||||
### How does Atomic Workstation or Fedora CoreOS relate to any of this?
|
||||
|
||||
Atomic Workstation was the name of the project before it was renamed to Fedora Silverblue.
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora CoreOS is a different, but similar project. It shares some fundamental technologies with Silverblue, such as _rpm-ostree_, _toolbox_ and others. Nevertheless, CoreOS is a more minimal, container-focused and automatically updating OS.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/what-is-silverblue/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Tomáš Popela][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/tpopela/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/what-is-fedora-silverblue-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://rpm-ostree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||||
[3]: https://ostree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||||
[4]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/Rawhide
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/QA:Updates_Testing
|
||||
[6]: https://flatpak.org/
|
||||
[7]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/flatpak/tutorial/
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/debarshiray/toolbox
|
||||
[9]: https://teams.fedoraproject.org/project/silverblue/
|
||||
98
translated/tech/20190712 What is Silverblue.md
Normal file
98
translated/tech/20190712 What is Silverblue.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What is Silverblue?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/what-is-silverblue/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Tomáš Popela https://fedoramagazine.org/author/tpopela/)
|
||||
|
||||
何谓 Silverblue？
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Silverblue 在 Fedora 世界内外越来越受欢迎。因此，根据社区的反馈，以下是关于这个项目的一些有趣问题的答案。如果你有任何其他与 Silverblue 相关的问题，请在评论区留言，我们会在未来的文章中回答。
|
||||
|
||||
### 何谓 Silverblue？
|
||||
|
||||
Silverblue 是新一代桌面操作系统的代号，之前被称为 Atomic Workstation。该操作系统是通过利用 [rpm-ostree 项目][2]创建的映像来交付的。这种系统的主要优点是速度、安全性、原子更新和不变性。
|
||||
|
||||
### “Silverblue”到底是什么意思？
|
||||
|
||||
“Team Silverblue” 或简称 “Silverblue”，没有任何隐藏的含义。该项目以前被称为 Atomic Workstation，大约两个月后更名时选中了这个名字。在这个过程中，审查过 150 多个单词或单词组合。最终选择了 “Silverblue”，因为它有一个可用的域名以及社交网络账号。人们可以把它看成是 Fedora 的蓝色品牌的一个新的品牌形象，可以用在诸如“加油，Silverblue 团队！”或“想加入该团队，改进 Silverblue 吗？”这样的短语中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 何谓 ostree？
|
||||
|
||||
[OSTree 或 libostree 是一个项目][3]，它结合了一个类似 Git 的提交和下载可引导文件系统树的模型，以及用于部署它们和管理引导加载程序配置的层。OSTree 被 rpm-ostree 所使用，这是 Silverblue 使用的一个基于包/镜像的混合系统。它原子化地复制了一个基础操作系统，并允许用户在需要时在基础操作系统之上 "分层 "传统的 RPM。
|
||||
|
||||
### 为何使用 Silverblue？
|
||||
|
||||
因为它可以让你专注于你的工作，而不是你正在运行的操作系统。因为系统的更新是原子式的，所以它更稳健。你唯一需要做的事情就是重新启动到新的镜像中。此外，如果当前启动的镜像有什么问题，你可以很容易地重启/回滚到之前可以工作的镜像，如果有的话。如果没有，你可以使用 `ostree` 命令下载并启动过去生成的任何其他镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个好处是可以在不同的分支（或者用旧的语境说就是 Fedora 版本）之间轻松切换。你可以轻松地尝试 [Rawhide][4] 或 [updates-testing][5] 分支，然后返回到包含当前稳定版本的分支。另外，如果你想尝试一些新奇的东西，也可以考虑试试 Silverblue。
|
||||
|
||||
### 不可变的操作系统有什么好处？
|
||||
|
||||
其中一个主要的好处是安全。基础操作系统是以只读的形式挂载的，因此不能被恶意软件修改。唯一可以改变系统的方法是通过 `rpm-ostree` 实用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个好处是健壮性。普通用户几乎不可能在不小心或无意中删除了一些系统库后，让操作系统恢复到不启动或无法正常工作的状态。试着想想你过去的这些经历，就可以明白 Silverblue 如何帮助你。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在 Silverblue 中管理应用程序和包？
|
||||
|
||||
对于图形化用户界面的应用程序，建议使用 [Flatpak][6]，如果应用程序是以 Flatpak 的形式提供的话。用户可以选择来自 Fedora 的 Flatpak，和从 Fedora 包及 Fedora 自己的基础架构中构建的 Flatpak，或者目前有更广泛的交付的 Flathub。用户可以通过已经支持 Fedora Silverblue 的 GNOME “软件”轻松安装它们。
|
||||
|
||||
用户首先发现的一件事就是操作系统中没有预装 `dnf`。主要原因是它不能在 Silverblue 上工作 —— 它的部分功能被 `rpm-ostree` 命令所取代。用户可以通过使用 `rpm-ostree install PACKAGE` 来层叠传统的软件包。但只有在没有其他方法的情况下，才应该使用这种方式。这是因为从存储库中提取新的系统镜像时，每次更改系统镜像时都必须重新构建系统镜像，以容纳分层的包或从基础操作系统中删除或替换为其他版本的包。
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Silverblue 自带的默认 GUI 应用程序集是基础操作系统的一部分。团队正在努力将它们移植到 Flatpak 上，这样它们就可以通过这种方式分发。其中一个好处是，基础操作系统将变得更小，更容易维护和测试，用户可以更容易修改他们的默认安装环境。如果你想看一下它是怎么做的，或者有什么帮助，可以看看官方的 [文档][7]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 Toolbox？
|
||||
|
||||
[Toolbox][8] 是一个让普通用户可以轻松使用容器的项目。它通过使用 podman 的无 root 容器来实现。Toolbox 可以让你在常规的 Fedora 安装中轻松、快速地创建一个容器，你可以在这个容器上折腾或开发，而与你的操作系统分离。
|
||||
|
||||
### Silverblue 有路线图吗？
|
||||
|
||||
形式上没有，因为我们正在关注在测试过程中发现的问题和社区的反馈。我们目前正在使用 Fedora 的 [Taiga][9] 来进行规划。
|
||||
|
||||
### Silverblue 的发布周期是多少？
|
||||
|
||||
它和普通的 Fedora Workstation 是一样的。每 6 个月发布一次新版本，支持期为 13 个月。团队计划每两周（或更长时间）发布一次更新，而不是像现在这样每天发布一次。这样一来，更新可以在发送给其他用户之前，由 QA 和社区志愿者进行更彻底的测试。
|
||||
|
||||
### 不可变操作系统的未来前景如何？
|
||||
|
||||
从我们的角度来看，桌面的未来涉及到了不可变的操作系统。这对用户来说是最安全的，Android、ChromeOS、ChromeOS、最近的 macOS Catalina 全都在底层采用了这种方式。而对于 Linux 桌面来说，一些第三方软件期望写到操作系统的问题还是存在的。HP 打印机驱动程序就是一个很好的例子。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个问题是系统中的部分软件如何分发和安装。字体就是一个很好的例子。目前在 Fedora 中，它们是以 RPM 包的形式分发的。如果你想使用它们，你必须层叠它们，然后重新启动到新创建的包含它们的镜像中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 标准版 Workstation 的前景如何？
|
||||
|
||||
Silverblue 有可能会取代普通的Workstation版本。但 Silverblue 要提供与Workstation版本相同的功能和用户体验，还有很长的路要走。在此期间，这两款桌面产品将同时推出。
|
||||
|
||||
### Atomic Workstation或 Fedora CoreOS 与这些有什么关系？
|
||||
|
||||
Atomic Workstation 是在更名为 Fedora Silverblue 之前的项目名称。
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora CoreOS 是一个不同但相似的项目。它与 Silverblue 共享一些基本技术，如 `rpm-ostree`、`toolbox` 等。尽管如此，CoreOS 是一个更简约、专注于容器、自动更新的操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/what-is-silverblue/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Tomáš Popela][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/tpopela/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/what-is-fedora-silverblue-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://rpm-ostree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||||
[3]: https://ostree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||||
[4]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/Rawhide
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/QA:Updates_Testing
|
||||
[6]: https://flatpak.org/
|
||||
[7]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/flatpak/tutorial/
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/debarshiray/toolbox
|
||||
[9]: https://teams.fedoraproject.org/project/silverblue/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user