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[translating]20150906 How To Set Up Your FTP Server In Linux.md
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translating by cvsher
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How To Set Up Your FTP Server In Linux
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================================================================================
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In this lesson, I will explain to you how to Set up your FTP server. But first, let me quickly tell you what is FTP.
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### What is FTP? ###
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[FTP][1] is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. As the name suggests, FTP is used to transfer files between computers on a network. You can use FTP to exchange files between computer accounts, transfer files between an account and a desktop computer, or access online software archives. Keep in mind, however, that many FTP sites are heavily used and require several attempts before connecting.
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An FTP address looks a lot like an HTTP or website address except it uses the prefix ftp:// instead of http://.
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### What is an FTP Server? ###
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Typically, a computer with an FTP address is dedicated to receive an FTP connection. A computer dedicated to receiving an FTP connection is referred to as an FTP server or FTP site.
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Now, let’s begin a special adventure. We will make FTP server to share files with friends and family. I will use [vsftpd][2] for this purpose.
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VSFTPD is an FTP server software which claims to be the most secure FTP software. In fact, the first two letters in VSFTPD, stand for “very secure”. The software was built around the vulnerabilities of the FTP protocol.
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Nevertheless, you should always remember that there are better solutions for secure transfer and management of files such as SFTP (uses [OpenSSH][3]). The FTP protocol is particularly useful for sharing non-sensitive data and is very reliable at that.
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#### Installing VSFTPD in rpm distributions: ####
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You can quickly install VSFTPD on your server through the command line interface with:
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dnf -y install vsftpd
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#### Installing VSFTPD in deb distributions: ####
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You can quickly install VSFTPD on your server through the command line interface with:
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sudo apt-get install vsftpd
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#### Installing VSFTPD in Arch distribution: ####
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You can quickly install VSFTPD on your server through the command line interface with:
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sudo pacman -S vsftpd
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#### Configuring FTP server ####
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Most VSFTPD’s configuration takes place in /etc/vsftpd.conf. The file itself is well-documented, so this section only highlights some important changes you may want to make. For all available options and basic documentation see the man pages:
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man vsftpd.conf
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Files are served by default from /srv/ftp as per the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.
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**Enable Uploading:**
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The “write_enable” flag must be set to YES in order to allow changes to the filesystem, such as uploading:
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write_enable=YES
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**Allow Local Users to Login:**
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In order to allow users in /etc/passwd to login, the “local_enable” directive must look like this:
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local_enable=YES
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**Anonymous Login**
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The following lines control whether anonymous users can login:
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# Allow anonymous login
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anonymous_enable=YES
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# No password is required for an anonymous login (Optional)
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no_anon_password=YES
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# Maximum transfer rate for an anonymous client in Bytes/second (Optional)
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anon_max_rate=30000
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# Directory to be used for an anonymous login (Optional)
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anon_root=/example/directory/
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**Chroot Jail**
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It is possible to set up a chroot environment, which prevents the user from leaving his home directory. To enable this, add/change the following lines in the configuration file:
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chroot_list_enable=YES chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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The “chroot_list_file” variable specifies the file in which the jailed users are contained to.
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In the end you must restart your ftp server. Type in your command line
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sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
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That’s it. Your FTP server is up and running.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://itsfoss.com/set-ftp-server-linux/
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作者：[alimiracle][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/ali/
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[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol
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[2]:https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html
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[3]:http://www.openssh.com/
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如何在linux中搭建FTP服务
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=====================================================================
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在本教程中，我将会解释如何搭建你自己的FTP服务。但是，首先我们应该来的学习一下FTP是什么。
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###FTP是什么？###
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[FTP][1] 是文件传输协议（File Transfer Protocol）的缩写。顾名思义，FTP是用于计算机之间通过网络进行文件传输。你可以通过FTP在计算机账户间进行文件传输，也可以在账户和桌面计算机之间传输文件，或者访问在线软件文档。但是，需要注意的是多数的FTP站点的使用率非常高，并且在连接前需要进行多次尝试。
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FTP地址和HTTP地址（即网页地址）非常相似，只是FTP地址使用ftp://前缀而不是http://
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###FTP服务器是什么？###
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通常，拥有FTP地址的计算机是专用于接收FTP连接请求的。一台专用于接收FTP连接请求的计算机即为FTP服务器或者FTP站点。
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现在，我们来开始一个特别的冒险，我们将会搭建一个FTP服务用于和家人、朋友进行文件共享。在本教程，我们将以[vsftpd][2]作为ftp服务。
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VSFTPD是一个自称为最安全的FTP服务端软件。事实上VSFTPD的前两个字母表示“非常安全的(very secure)”。该软件的构建绕开了FTP协议的漏洞。
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尽管如此，你应该知道还有更安全的方法进行文件管理和传输，如：SFTP(使用[OpenSSH][3])。FTP协议对于共享非敏感数据是非常有用和可靠的。
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####在rpm distributions中安装VSFTPD：####
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你可以使用如下命令在命令行界面中快捷的安装VSFTPD：
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dnf -y install vsftpd
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####在deb distributions中安装VSFTPD：####
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你可以使用如下命令在命令行界面中快捷的安装VSFTPD：
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sudo apt-get install vsftpd
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####在Arch distribution中安装VSFTPD：####
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你可以使用如下命令在命令行界面中快捷的安装VSFTPD：
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sudo apt-get install vsftpd
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####配置FTP服务####
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多数的VSFTPD配置项都在/etc/vsftpd.conf配置文件中。这个文件本身已经有非常良好的文档说明了，因此，在本节中，我只强调一些你可能进行修改的重要选项。使用man页面查看所有可用的选项和基本的 文档说明：
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man vsftpd.conf
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根据文件系统层级标准，FTP共享文件默认位于/srv/ftp目录中。
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**允许上传：**
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为了允许ftp用户可以修改文件系统的内容，如上传文件等，“write_enable”标志必须设置为 YES。
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write_enable=YES
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**允许本地用户登陆：**
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为了允许文件/etc/passwd中记录的用户可以登陆ftp服务，“local_enable”标记必须设置为YES。
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local_enable=YES
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**匿名用户登陆**
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下面配置内容控制匿名用户是否允许登陆：
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# Allow anonymous login
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anonymous_enable=YES
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# No password is required for an anonymous login (Optional)
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no_anon_password=YES
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# Maximum transfer rate for an anonymous client in Bytes/second (Optional)
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anon_max_rate=30000
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# Directory to be used for an anonymous login (Optional)
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anon_root=/example/directory/
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**根目录限制（Chroot Jail）**
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（译者注：chroot jail是类unix系统中的一种安全机制，用于修改进程运行的根目录环境，限制该线程不能感知到其根目录树以外的其他目录结构和文件的存在。详情参看[chroot jail][4]）
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有时我们需要设置根目录（chroot）环境来禁止用户离开他们的家（home）目录。在配置文件中增加/修改下面配置开启根目录限制（Chroot Jail）:
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chroot_list_enable=YES
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chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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“chroot_list_file”变量指定根目录监狱所包含的文件/目录（译者注：即用户只能访问这些文件/目录）
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最后你必须重启ftp服务，在命令行中输入以下命令：
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sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
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到此为止，你的ftp服务已经搭建完成并且启动了
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://itsfoss.com/set-ftp-server-linux/
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作者：[alimiracle][a]
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译者：[cvsher](https://github.com/cvsher)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/ali/
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[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol
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[2]:https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html
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[3]:http://www.openssh.com/
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[4]:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot
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