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geekpi
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Cleaning up with apt-get)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3453032/cleaning-up-with-apt-get.html)
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[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
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Cleaning up with apt-get
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======
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Most of us with Debian-based systems use apt-get routinely to install packages and upgrades, but how often do we pull out the cleaning tools? Let's check out some of the tool's options for cleaning up after itself.
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[Félix Prado Modified by IDG Comm.][1] [(CC0)][2]
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Running **apt-get** commands on a Debian-based system is routine. Packages are updated fairly frequently and commands like **apt-get update** and **apt-get upgrade** make the process quite easy. On the other hand, how often do you use **apt-get clean**, **apt-get autoclean** or **apt-get autoremove**?
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These commands clean up after apt-get's installation operations and remove files that are still on your system but are no longer needed – often because the application that required them is no longer installed.
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[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][3]
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### apt-get clean
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The apt-get clean command clears the local repository of retrieved package files that are left in **/var/cache**. The directories it cleans out are **/var/cache/apt/archives/** and **/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/**. The only files it leaves in **/var/cache/apt/archives** are the **lock** file and the **partial** subdirectory.
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[][4]
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BrandPost Sponsored by HPE
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[Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage][4]
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Combine the agility and economics of HPE storage with HPE GreenLake and run your IT department with efficiency.
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You might have a number of files in the directory prior to running the clean operation:
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```
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/var/cache/apt/archives/db5.3-util_5.3.28+dfsg1-0.6ubuntu1_amd64.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/db-util_1%3a5.3.21~exp1ubuntu2_all.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
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/var/cache/apt/archives/postfix_3.4.5-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/sasl2-bin_2.1.27+dfsg-1build3_amd64.deb
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```
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You should only have these afterwards:
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```
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$ sudo ls -lR /var/cache/apt/archives
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/var/cache/apt/archives:
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total 4
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-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Jan 5 2018 lock
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drwx------ 2 _apt root 4096 Nov 12 07:24 partial
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/var/cache/apt/archives/partial:
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total 0 <== empty
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```
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The **apt-get clean** command is generally used to clear disk space as needed, generally as part of regularly scheduled maintenance.
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### apt-get autoclean
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The **apt-get** **autoclean** option, like **apt-get clean**, clears the local repository of retrieved package files, but it only removes files that can no longer be downloaded and are virtually useless. It helps to keep your cache from growing too large.
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### apt-get autoremove
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The **autoremove** option removes packages that were automatically installed because some other package required them but, with those other packages removed, they are no longer needed. Sometimes, an upgrade will suggest that you run this command.
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```
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The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
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g++-8 gir1.2-mutter-4 libapache2-mod-php7.2 libcrystalhd3
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libdouble-conversion1 libgnome-desktop-3-17 libigdgmm5 libisl19 libllvm8
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liblouisutdml8 libmutter-4-0 libmysqlclient20 libpoppler85 libstdc++-8-dev
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libtagc0 libvpx5 libx265-165 php7.2 php7.2-cli php7.2-common php7.2-json
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php7.2-opcache php7.2-readline
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Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. <==
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```
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The packages to be removed are often called "unused dependencies". In fact, a good practice to follow is to use **autoremove** after uninstalling a package to be sure that no unneeded files are left behind.
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Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][5] and [LinkedIn][6] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3453032/cleaning-up-with-apt-get.html
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://unsplash.com/photos/nbKaLT4cmRM
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[2]: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
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[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE20773&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage)
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[5]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[6]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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90
translated/tech/20191114 Cleaning up with apt-get.md
Normal file
90
translated/tech/20191114 Cleaning up with apt-get.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Cleaning up with apt-get)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3453032/cleaning-up-with-apt-get.html)
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[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
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使用 apt-get 清理
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======
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大多数使用基于 Debian 的系统的人通常会使用 apt-get 来安装软件包和升级，但是我们多久才清理？让我们看下工具本身的一些清理选项。
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[Félix Prado Modified by IDG Comm.][1] [(CC0)][2]
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在基于 Debian 的系统上运行 **apt-get** 命令是很常规的。软件包的更新相当频繁，诸 如 **apt-get update** 和 **apt-get upgrade** 之类的命令使此过程非常容易。另一方面，你多久使用一次 **apt-get clean**，**apt-get autoclean** 或 **apt-get autoremove**？
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这些命令会在 apt-get 的安装操作后清理并删除仍在系统上但不再需要的文件，这通常是因为需要它们的程序已经卸载。
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[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][3]
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### apt-get clean
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apt-get clean 命令清除遗留在 **/var/cache** 中的已检索包文件的本地仓库。它清除的目录是 **/var/cache/apt/archives/** 和 **/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/**。它留在 **/var/cache/apt/archives** 中的唯一文件是 **lock** 文件和 **partial** 子目录。
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在运行清理操作之前，目录中可能包含许多文件：
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```
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/var/cache/apt/archives/db5.3-util_5.3.28+dfsg1-0.6ubuntu1_amd64.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/db-util_1%3a5.3.21~exp1ubuntu2_all.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
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/var/cache/apt/archives/postfix_3.4.5-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
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/var/cache/apt/archives/sasl2-bin_2.1.27+dfsg-1build3_amd64.deb
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```
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之后，只会存在这些：
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```
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$ sudo ls -lR /var/cache/apt/archives
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/var/cache/apt/archives:
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total 4
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-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Jan 5 2018 lock
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drwx------ 2 _apt root 4096 Nov 12 07:24 partial
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/var/cache/apt/archives/partial:
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total 0 <== 空
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```
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**apt-get clean** 命令通常用于根据需要清除磁盘空间，通常作为定期计划维护的一部分。
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### apt-get autoclean
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**apt-get autoclean** 类似于 **apt-get clean**，它会清除已检索包文件的本地仓库，但它只会删除不会再下载且几乎无用的文件。它有助于防止缓存过大
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### apt-get autoremove
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**autoremove** 选项将删除自动安装的软件包，因为某些其他软件包需要它们，但是在删除了其他软件包之后，而不再需要它们。有时会在升级时建议运行此命令。
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```
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The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
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g++-8 gir1.2-mutter-4 libapache2-mod-php7.2 libcrystalhd3
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libdouble-conversion1 libgnome-desktop-3-17 libigdgmm5 libisl19 libllvm8
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liblouisutdml8 libmutter-4-0 libmysqlclient20 libpoppler85 libstdc++-8-dev
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libtagc0 libvpx5 libx265-165 php7.2 php7.2-cli php7.2-common php7.2-json
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php7.2-opcache php7.2-readline
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Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. <==
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```
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要删除的软件包通常称为“未使用的依赖项”。实际上，一个好的做法是在卸载软件包后使用 **autoremove**，以确保不会留下不需要的文件。
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加入 [Facebook][5] 和 [LinkedIn][6] 上的 Network World 社区，以评论最重要的话题。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3453032/cleaning-up-with-apt-get.html
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://unsplash.com/photos/nbKaLT4cmRM
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[2]: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
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[5]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[6]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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