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Monitor Linux System Performance Using Nmon
使用Nmon监控Linux的系统性能
================================================================================
Nmon (also known as Nigel’s Monitor) is a computer performance system monitor tool for the AIX and Linux operating systems developed by IBM employee Nigel Griffiths. The tool displays onscreen or saves to a data file the operating system statistics to aid in the understanding of computer resource use, tuning options and bottlenecks. This system benchmark tool gives you a huge amount of important performance information in one go with a single command. You can easily monitor your system’s CPU, memory, network, disks, file systems, NFS, top processes, resources and power micro-partition information using Nmon.
Nmon（得名于Nigel's的监控器）是IBM的员工Nigel Griffiths为AIX和Linux系统开发的一款计算机性能系统监控工具。Nmon可以把操作系统的统计数据展示在屏幕上或者存储到一份数据文件里，来帮助理解计算机资源的使用情况、调整选项和系统瓶颈。这个系统基准测试工具只需要使用一条命令就能得到大量重要的性能数据。使用Nmon可以很轻松的监控系统的CPU、内存、网络、硬盘、文件系统、NFS、高耗进程、资源和微分区功率的信息。
### Installing Nmon ###
### Nmon 安装 ###
By default nmon is available in the Ubuntu repository. You can easily install nmon by running the following command:
Nmon默认是存在于Ubuntu的仓库中的。你可以通过下面的命令安装Nmon：
sudo apt-get install nmon
How to Use Nmon to Monitor Linux Performance
Once the installation has been finished, you can launch it by typing the `nmon` command in the terminal.
怎么使用Nmon来监控Linux的性能
安装完成后，通过在终端输入`nmon` 命令来启动Nmon
nmon
You wI’ll see the following output:
你会看到下面的输出：
![nmon-output](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2015/12/nmon-output.png)
You can see from the above screenshot that the nmon command-line utility runs completely in interactive mode, and you can easily toggle statistics using shortcut keys.
从上面的截图可以看到nmon命令行工具完全是交互式运行的，你可以使用快捷键来轻松查看对应的统计数据。
你可以使用下面的nmon快捷键来显示不同的系统统计数据：
You can use the following nmon keyboard shortcuts to display different system stats:
- `q` : 停止或编辑Nmon
- `h` : 查看帮助
- `c` : 查看CPU统计数据
- `m` : 查看内存统计数据
- `d` : 查看硬盘统计数据
- `k` : 查看内核统计数据
- `n` : 查看网络统计数据
- `N` : 查看NFS统计数据
- `j` : 查看文件系统统计数据
- `t` : 查看高耗进程
- `V` : 查看虚拟内存统计数据
- `v` : 详细模式
- `q` : to stop and exit Nmon
- `h` : to see help screen
- `c` : see CPU stats
- `m` : see memory stats
- `d` : see disk stats
- `k` : see kernel stats
- `n` : see network stats
- `N` : see NFS stats
- `j` : see file system stats
- `t` : see top process
- `V` : see virtual memory stats
- `v` : verbose mode
### 核查CPU处理器 ###
### Check CPU by Processor ###
If you would like to collect some statistics on CPU performance, you should hit the c key on the keyboard.
After hitting the c key you wI’ll see the following output.
如果你想收集关于CPU性能相关的统计数据，你应该按下键盘上的`c`键，之后你将会看到下面的输出：
![nmon_cpu_output](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2015/12/nmon_cpu_output.png)
### Check Top Process Statistics ###
### 核查高耗进程统计数据 ###
To get stats on top processes that are running on your system, press the t key on your keyboard.
You will see the following output.
如果想收集系统正在运行的高耗进程的统计数据，按键盘上的`t`键，之后你将会看到下面的输出：
![nmon_process_output](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2015/12/nmon_process_output.jpg)
### Check Network Statistics ###
### 核查网络统计数据 ###
To get the network stats of your Linux system, just press the n key on your keyboard.
You wI’ll see the following output:
如果想收集Linux系统网络统计数据，按下`n`键，你将会看到下面输出：
![n_network_output](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2015/12/nmon_network_output.png)
### Disk I/O Graphs ###
### 硬盘 I/O 图表 ###
Use the `d` key to get information about disks.
You wI’ll see the following output:
使用`d` 键获取硬盘相关的信息，你会看到下面输出：
![nmon_disk_output](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2015/12/nmon_disk_output.png)
### Check Kernel Information ###
### 核查内核信息 ###
A most important key to use with this tool is `k;` it is used to display some brief information on the kernel of your system.
You will see the following output after hitting the `k` key on your keyboard.
Nmon一个非常重要的快捷键是`k`键，用来显示系统内核相关的概要信息。按下`k`键之后，会看到下面输出：
![nmon_kernel_output](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2015/12/nmon_kernel_output.png)
### Get System Information ###
### 获取系统信息 ###
A very useful key for every system admin is the `r` key which is used to give information on different resources such as machine architecture, operating system version, Linux version and CPU.
You will see the following output by hitting the `r` key.
对每个系统管理员来说一个非常有用的快捷键是`r`键，可以用来显示计算机系统结构、操作系统版本号和CPU等不同资源的信息。按下`r`键之后会看到下面输出：
![nmon_system_output](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2015/12/nmon_system_output.png)
### Conclusion ###
### 总结 ###
There are many other tools that can do the same job of the Nmon, but Nmon is so usee friendly for a Linux beginner. Please feel free to comment if you have any questions.
还有许多其他的工具实现的功能和Nmon一样，不过Nmon对一个Linux新手来说还是很友好的。如果你有什么问题，尽管评论。
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