From cb93e361550fabbcd1a514437fdcff34329e9313 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: littlebirdnest <63171986+littlebirdnest@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 27 Oct 2022 11:18:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/76] =?UTF-8?q?Update=2020221020.4=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Xubuntu=2022.10=20Releases=20With=20Xfce=20Upgrades,=20and?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Other=20Refinements.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...untu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md b/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md index 82fc042997..8c211264fa 100644 --- a/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md +++ b/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/xubuntu-22-10-release/" [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "littlebirdnest" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 52e849824d839be94dee9fd1be57d0f4e116bef7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: littlebirdnest <63171986+littlebirdnest@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 27 Oct 2022 14:10:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/76] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=A5=BD=E4=BA=86?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...s With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md | 89 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md b/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md index 8c211264fa..7967fd9a20 100644 --- a/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md +++ b/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md @@ -7,104 +7,103 @@ [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements +带有 Xfce 升级和其他改进的 Xubuntu 22.10 版本 ====== -Xubuntu 22.10 provides a refined XFCE experience. Learn more about it here. +Xubuntu 22.10 提供了精致的 XFCE 体验。点击此处了解详情。 ![Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements][1] -Xubuntu is an XFCE-powered official Ubuntu flavour. +Xubuntu 是基于 XFCE 的官方 Ubuntu 风格。 -It is also one of the best lightweight Linux distributions available. +它也是可用的最好的轻量级 Linux 发行版之一。 -With the latest Xubuntu 22.10 "**Kinetic Kudu**" release, you can expect desktop environment improvements, feature additions, and several refinements across the board. +随着最新的 Xubuntu 22.10“ Kinetic Kudu ”版本，您可以期待桌面环境的改进、功能的添加和全面的改进。 -### Xubuntu 22.10: What's New? +### Xubuntu 22.10：有什么新功能？ ![Xubuntu 22.10 home][2] -Xubuntu 22.10 brings in some exciting upgrades. Some of the highlights include: +Xubuntu 22.10 带来了一些令人兴奋的升级。一些亮点包括： -- **Xfce 4.16 (or Xfce 4.17 dev)** -- **Catfish appearance update.** -- **New icon refresh and deprecated elementary-xfce-darker-theme.** -- **Mousepad search history.** -- **Thundar file manager improvements.** -- **Xfce task manager.** +- **Xfce 4.16（或 Xfce 4.17 开发版）** +- **鲶鱼外观更新。** +- **新图标刷新和弃用的基础的 xfce 黑色主题。** +- **Mousepad搜索历史.** +- **Thundar 文件管理器的改进.** +- **Xfce 任务管理器.** -> 💡Xubuntu 22.10 will be supported for nine months until **July 2023**. If you want stability over features, you should prefer using an [LTS version][3]. +> 💡Xubuntu 22.10 将支持九个月，直到2023 年 7 月。如果您想要稳定性而不是功能，您应该更喜欢使用 [LTS 版本][3]. -#### XFCE 4.17 Development Version or XFCE 4.16? +#### XFCE 4.17 开发版还是 XFCE 4.16？ -The release notes for Xubuntu 22.10 say it features the Xfce 4.17 development version. +Xubuntu 22.10 的发行说明说它具有 Xfce 4.17 开发版本。 -However, when I installed the beta version for Xubuntu 22.10 (and updated it to the latest), it said it features Xfce 4.16. +但是，当我安装 Xubuntu 22.10 的 beta 版本（并将其更新到最新版本）时，只具有 Xfce 4.16。 ![][4] -Not sure if they pulled out Xfce 4.17 development version or if Xfce 4.16 is here for now. +不确定他们是否退出了 Xfce 4.17 开发版本，或者 Xfce 4.16 现在是否存在。 -#### Catfish Appearance +#### Catfish 外观 ![xubuntu catfish][5] -Catfish is a file search utility on Xubuntu. With the new upgrade, it has a refreshed appearance with tweaks under the hood. +Catfish 是 Xubuntu 上的一个文件搜索工具。通过新的升级，它具有焕然一新的外观，并调整了引擎。 -You also get an "**Open With**" context menu when interacting with the files you searched for. +与您搜索的文件交互时，您还会获得一个“打开方式”上下文菜单。 ![][6] -A pretty subtle but valuable feature addition for catfish. +catfish 是一个非常微妙但有价值的功能添加。 -#### GNOME 43 Software +#### GNOME 43 软件 -Among notable app updates, GNOME's latest Software Center is a nice thing to have. This is how it looks with Xubuntu 22.10: +在值得注意的应用程序更新中，GNOME 的最新软件中心是一个不错的选择。这是 Xubuntu 22.10 的外观： ![][7] -Of course, it may not give you a consistent look with other applications on Xfce, but I think you can give it an excuse. +当然，它可能无法让您与 Xfce 上的其他应用程序保持一致，但我认为您应该不会介意。 -#### Icon Updates +#### 图标更新 -With elementary-xfce 0.17 icon update, there are many new icons and cleaner options that provide a consistent Xubuntu desktop experience. +随着基础的xfce 0.17 图标更新，有许多新图标和更简洁的选项可提供一致的Xubuntu 桌面体验。 ![][8] -Additionally, the **elementary-xfce-darkest theme** icon pack has been deprecated. +此外，基础的xfce黑色主题图标包已被弃用。 ![][9] -#### Task Manager Right-Click Option +#### 任务管理器右键选项 ![][10] -You can now copy the full process path to the clipboard. This could be useful to troubleshoot or stop things from the command line when required. - -### Other Enhancements +您现在可以将完整的进程路径复制到剪贴板。这对于在需要时从命令行进行故障排除或停止操作很有用。 +### 其他增强功能 ![][11] -There are several other notable changes that include: +还有其他几个值得注意的变化，包括： -- **Linux Kernel 5.19** -- **Mozilla Firefox 105.** -- **Alt-Tab view improved with more prominent icons.** -- **Mosaic puzzle added to SGT Puzzles collection.** -- **Thunar archive plugin now supports compressing zip files.** -- **Mousepad text editor now includes a search history and a few more tweaks.** +- **Linux 内核 5.19** +- **火狐浏览器 105。** +- **Alt-Tab 视图通过更突出的图标进行了改进。** +- **马赛克拼图添加到 SGT 拼图系列。** +- **马赛克拼图添加到 SGT 拼图系列。** +- **Mousepad文本编辑器现在包括搜索历史记录和更多调整。** -To learn more about the changes, check out the [official release notes][12]. +要了解有关更改的更多信息，请查看[官方发行说明][12]。 -### Download Xubuntu 22.10 +### 下载Xubuntu 22.10 -You can download the latest ISO from [Ubuntu's central image repository][13] or its [official website][14]. +你可以下载最新的ISO文件从[Ubuntu 的中央映像存储库][13]或它的[官方网站][14]. -It might take a while for its official website to make the ISO available. +官方网站可能需要一段时间才能提供 ISO。 -[Download Xubuntu 22.10][14] +[下载Xubuntu 22.10][14] -💬 _What do you think about Xubuntu 22.10? Let me know your thoughts in the comments._ +💬 您如何看待 Xubuntu 22.10？在评论中让我知道你的想法。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From eabf0f4eca04e2d923e120dd5d4fbe0655cf3d59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 08:41:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/76] RP @chai001125 https://linux.cn/article-15185-1.html --- ... After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md | 34 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md (87%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md b/published/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md similarity index 87% rename from translated/tech/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md rename to published/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md index 3520184c13..6e07f8247a 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md +++ b/published/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md @@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "chai001125" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15185-1.html" 安装 Ubuntu 22.10 后要做的 10 件事 ====== -**以下是我们安装 Ubuntu 22.10 “Kinetic Kudu”（GNOME 版）后，推荐做的 10 件事列表。** +> 以下是我们安装 Ubuntu 22.10 “Kinetic Kudu”（GNOME 版）后，推荐做的 10 件事列表。 ![][1] -Ubuntu 22.10 带来了很多令人兴奋的新功能，例如 GNOME 43、最新的内核、重新设计的托盘菜单、文件功能和 Pipewire 等 [新功能][2]。 +Ubuntu 22.10 带来了很多令人兴奋的新功能，例如 GNOME 43、最新的内核、重新设计的托盘菜单、文件应用的功能和 Pipewire 等 [新功能][2]。 我相信你已经迫不及待地想尝试 Ubuntu 22.10 上的这些新功能了。 @@ -36,19 +36,19 @@ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade #### 2、删除 Firefox Snap，并安装 Flatpak 或者 deb 版本的 Firefox -自去年发布的 Ubuntu 21.10 版本以来，默认的网页浏览器 Firefox 开始以 Snap 软件包的形式出现。如果你是普通用户，这可能不是一个问题或者需要担心的事情。但是出于几个原因，例如 Snap 软件包的 Firefox 启动时间较长、且当 Firefox 有后端更新时，会有不必要的 Snap 更新通知等等原因，导致许多用户不太喜欢 Firefox 的 Snap 软件包。 +自去年发布的 Ubuntu 21.10 版本以来，默认的网页浏览器 Firefox 开始以 Snap 软件包的形式出现。如果你是普通用户，这可能不是一个问题或者需要担心的事情。但是出于几个原因，例如 Snap 软件包的 Firefox 启动时间较长、且当 Firefox 有后台更新时，会有不必要的 Snap 更新通知等等原因，导致许多用户不太喜欢 Firefox 的 Snap 软件包。 -因此，你可以按照 [我写的另一篇操作指南][3]，来完全删除 Firefox 的 Snap 软件包。这一过程有点复杂，需要花费一点时间。删除完成后，再从个人软件包存档(PPA)安装 deb 版本的 Firefox，或者使用 [Flatpak 版本][4] 的 Firefox。 +因此，你可以按照 [我写的另一篇操作指南][3]，来完全删除 Firefox 的 Snap 软件包。这一过程有点复杂，需要花费一点时间。删除完成后，再从个人软件包存档（PPA）安装 deb 版本的 Firefox，或者使用 [Flatpak 版本][4] 的 Firefox。 这是一个可选的动作，你也可以跳过这一步骤。 #### 3、安装并启用 Flatpak -虽然，几乎所有最近的 linux 发行版都会默认安装 Flatpak，但是 Ubuntu 并没有默认安装 Flatpak，这是因为 Ubuntu 使用了它自己的沙箱技术 Snap。 +虽然，几乎所有最新的 Linux 发行版都会默认安装 Flatpak，但是 Ubuntu 并没有默认安装 Flatpak，这是因为 Ubuntu 使用了它自己的沙箱技术 Snap。 但 Flatpak 这一应用程序还是最适合于每个人。Flatpak 能够帮助你快速安装多个应用程序，并在使用过程中无需担心依赖性和其他事情。 -大多数 Flatpak 应用程序都在集中的仓库 @ Flathub 中。 +大多数 Flatpak 应用程序都在集中的仓库 Flathub 中。 要在 Ubuntu 22.10 中启用 Flatpak 应用程序，请按照以下命令进行操作。 @@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ sudo apt install flatpakflatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flath 我建议你在安装 Ubuntu 后，手动退出任何数据收集项。大家都知道，无论怎么努力尝试，在互联网上保护自己的隐私都很困难。因此，这些小步骤很重要。 -要配置隐私项，请打开设置并选择**隐私**。然后查看隐私菜单下列出的项目。 +要配置隐私项，请打开“设置Settings”并选择“隐私Privacy”。然后查看隐私菜单下列出的项目。 -此外，请确保禁用对 Ubuntu 服务器的后端报告。需要运行以下命令来手动禁用，因为在设置中没有禁用它的选项。 +此外，请确保禁用对 Ubuntu 服务器的后台报告。需要运行以下命令来手动禁用，因为在设置中没有禁用它的选项。 ``` sudo ubuntu-report -f send no @@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ sudo ubuntu-report -f send no #### 5、探索 GNOME 43 的功能 -在 Ubuntu 22.10 版本中，最具视觉和功能性的变化是 GNOME 43。因为 GNOME 43 有一些根本性和核心变化，所以它会影响每个人和他们的工作。GNOME 43 带来了一个新的药丸形状的托盘菜单，并更新了具有文件和 GNOME Web 等新功能的原生应用程序。 +在 Ubuntu 22.10 版本中，最具视觉和功能性的变化是 GNOME 43。因为 GNOME 43 有一些根本性和核心变化，所以它会影响每个人和他们的工作。GNOME 43 带来了一个新的药丸形状的托盘菜单，并更新了文件应用和 GNOME Web 等原生应用程序的功能。 请查看更为详细的 [GNOME 43 功能][7] 一文，以了解更多信息，或者你也可以自己探索 GNOME 43。 ![Quick Settings Demo in GNOME 43][8] -#### 6、确保音频与 Pipewire 配合使用 +#### 6、确保音频可以与 Pipewire 配合使用 如果你经常使用音频，或者你的工作范围涉及到声音捕获、播放等内容，请确保在 Ubuntu 22.10 中，你的音频在有线或蓝牙情况下都能正常工作。 @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ sudo ubuntu-report -f send no #### 7、安装其他软件包 -确保你可以在 Ubuntu 桌面上，播放所有视频和音频格式是很重要的。如果你在设置期间跳过了额外的软件包安装，可以通过以下命令进行安装。 +确保你可以在 Ubuntu 桌面上播放所有视频和音频格式是很重要的。如果你在设置期间跳过了额外的软件包安装，可以通过以下命令进行安装。 ``` sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras #### 8、安装基本的应用程序 -带有 GNOME 的基础 Ubuntu 版本只有非常基本的应用程序。因此，在你使用 Ubuntu 之前，你需要安装一些其他必要的应用程序。 +带有 GNOME 的 Ubuntu 基础版本只有非常基本的应用程序。因此，在你使用 Ubuntu 之前，你需要安装一些其他必要的应用程序。 由于每个人的工作范围不同，每个人所需的应用程序也都不同。因此，在这里我仅提供一个通用的应用程序的列表，我认为你可以把这些应用程序都安装上，因为这些应用程序对所有人来说都很常用。 @@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ flatpak install flathub com.mattjakeman.ExtensionManager sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppasudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install timeshift ``` -### 额外小贴士 +### 额外小技巧 -如果你想进一步定制你新安装的 Ubuntu 系统，以下是一些额外的小贴士。 +如果你想进一步定制你新安装的 Ubuntu 系统，以下是一些额外的小技巧。 #### 安装漂亮的字体 From af191dd45bf00c4b953197ccbc378d2521de69c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: chai001125 <94744119+chai001125@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 09:01:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/76] translating by chai001125 --- ...21018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md b/sources/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md index f92b592a40..36554ac5ca 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md +++ b/sources/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/linux-halloween-makeover/" [#]: author: "Sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "chai001125" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From edc3319b8cff8f1704af0a52a20ec067f89b16d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 09:16:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/76] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-15186-1.html --- ...assic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md | 37 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md (71%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md b/published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md similarity index 71% rename from translated/tech/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md rename to published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md index e4845af6f3..cb68bbf24d 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md +++ b/published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md @@ -3,15 +3,18 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15186-1.html" -在你的 Linux 终端中享受经典的贪吃蛇游戏 +在你的 Linux 终端中玩经典的贪吃蛇游戏 ====== -这是你在 Linux 终端中安装和玩经典贪吃蛇的方法。 -还记得老式手机经典简单的贪吃蛇吗？我记得玩了几个小时。嘿，当时没有其他选择，对吧？智能手机仍未上市。而你所拥有的就是这个。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202210/28/091539oanrjizald7rzr7a.jpg) + +> 这是你在 Linux 终端中安装和玩经典贪吃蛇的方法。 + +还记得老式手机经典简单的贪吃蛇吗？我记得玩了几个小时。嘿，当时没有其他选择，对吧？智能手机仍未上市。而你所拥有的只有这个。 ![Nokia 3310 中的旧版贪吃蛇游戏][1] @@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ ### 安装 nSnake – Linux 终端的贪吃蛇 -你可以使用以下方法通过终端安装[此游戏][4]。 +你可以使用以下方法通过终端安装 [此游戏][4]。 对于 Ubuntu、Linux Mint 或其他相关发行版： @@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ sudo apt install nsnake sudo dnf install nsnake ``` -对于 Arch Linux，此游戏可在 [Arch 用户仓库][5]中获得。你可以使用以下步骤安装它。 +对于 Arch Linux，此游戏可在 [Arch 用户仓库（AUR）][5] 中获得。你可以使用以下步骤安装它。 * [设置 Yay AUR 助手][6] * 然后打开终端并运行以下命令 @@ -46,27 +49,27 @@ sudo dnf install nsnake yay -S nsnake ``` -上面的命令会安装游戏的库存库版本，它可能不是最新的。但是，如果你想要最新版本，你可能需要通过 GitHub 编译源代码。我在本页末尾添加了编译说明供你参考。 +上面的命令会安装游戏的软件仓库版本，它可能不是最新的。但是，如果你想要最新版本，你可能需要通过 GitHub 编译源代码。我在本页末尾添加了编译说明供你参考。 ### 玩游戏 -玩游戏非常简单。在终端中输入 nsnake，这将启动游戏。 +玩游戏非常简单。在终端中输入 `nsnake`，这将启动游戏。 -要立即退出，请按 q。 +要立即退出，请按 `q`。 以下是默认键绑定。 -* 箭头键 - 移动蛇 -* q – 退出游戏 -* p – 暂停游戏 +* `箭头键` - 移动蛇 +* `q` – 退出游戏 +* `p` – 暂停游戏 你还可以通过主菜单以各种方式配置游戏。 ![nsnake Linux 终端贪吃蛇设置][7] -完成了，享受吧！ +完成了，玩吧！ -##### 编译 +### 编译 要编译最新版本，请在所有 Linux 发行版中使用以下命令。 @@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/snake-game-linux-terminal/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 3ca968e70c3c42936d627bf5370a91f3c7dce862 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: littlebirdnest <63171986+littlebirdnest@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 20:07:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/76] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A7=BB=E5=8A=A8=E5=A5=BD=E4=BA=86?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md b/translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md rename to translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md From 363891292ab612979aff4bbc90c7cf67a87b8188 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: chai001125 <94744119+chai001125@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 10:27:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 07/76] translated --- ... Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md | 283 ----------------- ... Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md | 284 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 284 insertions(+), 283 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md b/sources/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md deleted file mode 100644 index 36554ac5ca..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,283 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/linux-halloween-makeover/" -[#]: author: "Sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "chai001125" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover -====== - -Halloween is around the corner. Boo! - -Of course, there are ways to celebrate Halloween, and I believe you might have a few ideas of your own. How about giving your Linux desktop a spooky, dark makeover? Something like the screenshot below? - -![ubuntu halloween theming final looks][1] - -Customization is a high point of Linux, and there is no end to it. Earlier, we showed you[how to make your Linux look like macOS][2]. Today, I’ll share a few tips to keep up with the Halloween ‘spirit’. - -This is possible with a combination of themes, icons, extensions, fonts, conky, etc. **_While you can do these things on any distribution and desktop environment, it’s not feasible for me to show them all in a single tutorial._** - -Here, I have used Ubuntu with the GNOME desktop environment. - -### Getting all the tools - -You need several packages and tools. Make sure you have them all (or most of them) before you start the customization. - -_It’s not mandatory to make all of the changes. But the more you do, the better look and feel you get._ - -**GNOME Tweaks and GMOME Extensions manager** - -Get the Tweaks tool and the extension manager with this command: - -``` -`sudo apt install gnome-tweaks gnome-extension-manager` -``` - -In KDE-based systems, you don’t any tweak tool to change the look. But surely, you will need the **Kvantum-Manager** app that I discussed in the [KDE theming][3] guide. - -**Conky** - -This is actually optional. Since the conky-manager project is not receiving any maintenance, it will be a bit tricky to use conky. But anyway, let’s use it for the additional look-and-feel. - -``` -`sudo apt install conky-all` -``` - -**Neofetch or shell color scripts** - -This step is also a personal choice. You can choose [neofetch][4] because it’s already available in the repository and can be used easily. - -``` -`sudo apt install neofetch` -``` - -[Shell-color scripts][5] are another excellent choice. The package is available in AUR and Arch Linux users can install it from there. In Ubuntu, you need to install it manually. - -``` -`git clone https://gitlab.com/dwt1/shell-color-scripts.git cd shell-color-scripts sudo make install` -``` - -**Themes, icons, fonts, and wallpaper** - -I am using [Sweet][6] theme, [Beautiline][7] icon pack, [simple1e][8] cursors, and [Grey-Minimalistic][9] conky theme. Once downloaded, extract them. You should also get [Creepster][10] font. - -Download a [spooky wallpaper][11] from the internet. - -Alert! You’ll be doing a lot of customization and change. You can go back to the usual look by reverting all the changes you made. An easier way out would be to create a new user with admin access and make all these changes with this new user. This way, your original user account and appearance doesn’t get impacted. When Halloween is over, you can delete this additional user. - -With all resources in hand, it’s time to utilize them. - -### Install and use the extensions - -Open the gnome-extensions app. In Ubuntu 22.04, you can install extensions from within the app, by using the browse section. - -![install gnome shell extensions user themes blur my shell and dash to dock][12] - -In other versions of Ubuntu and other GNOME distributions, you can [install shell extensions][13] through the browser. For our purpose, install the following extensions : - -- [User Themes][14] -- [Dash to Dock][15] -- [Blur my Shell][16] - -Also, make sure that all the extensions are enabled. - -### Apply theme, icon, and font - -You need to copy and paste the extracted theme folder to `~/.themes` directory and icon and cursor folder to the `~/.icons` directory. - -Now open GNOME tweaks and apply the settings as shown in the screenshot below. - -![set themes with gnome tweaks][17] - -To use a [custom font in Ubuntu][18], right-click on the font file that you have downloaded and extracted and select open with Font manager. I am using [Creepster][10] font. - -![right click on font file and select open with fonts][19] - -Here, press the install button. - -![install font using font manager application][20] - -Note: In some systems, pressing the install button won’t show the “installed” prompt. In that case, you can just close the app because once you press the install button, it has been installed. - -Now open the Tweaks app and move to the fonts section. Here, you can change the fonts of various sections as shown in the screenshot below. - -![change system fonts using gnome tweaks][21] - -Note that, for terminals, a monospace font is required. Here, I am using a regular font and thus it may give you a slightly disoriented look sometimes. - -### Apply Dash to Dock Extension settings - -First, you need to **turn off the Ubuntu Dock extension** using the GNOME Extensions application. - -![Disable Ubuntu Dock][22] - -Run the Dash to Dock extension if it’s not running already. - -Now, right-click on the dash to dock application button appearing on the bottom and select dash to dock settings. - -![select dash to dock settings][23] - -Here, you need to tweak some small things. - -First, reduce the icon size using the respective slider. - -![setting dash to dock icon size][24] - -After that, you need to reduce the opacity of the dock. I prefer a fully transparent dock. - -For this, set the opacity to **fixed** and reduce it to zero with the slider, as shown in the screenshot below. - -![opacity setting for dash to dock][25] - -### GNOME terminal setting - -The main tweak you want to get is a custom neofetch look (or a shell color script) with some blurred transparency. - -On applying monospace font in GNOME-tweaks earlier, the font in the GNOME terminal is also changed. - -First, create a new profile from **preferences**. - -![select preferences from hamburger menu][26] - -Here, Click + sign to create a new profile. Type in a name and press **create** as shown below: - -![create new profile in gnome terminal][27] - -Inside the new profile, change the transparency setting and set it around the middle, as shown in the screenshot: - -![set transperancy to gnome terminal][28] - -Once finished, set this profile as the default. To do this, click on the triangle button associated with the new profile and select **Set as Default**. - -![set new profile as default in gnome terminal][29] - -#### Setting blur effect - -The above step will only create a transparent shell. But if you need a blur effect, which is good for better visibility, you need to go to the Blur my Shell extension settings. - -![blur my shell extension settings][30] - -Here, go to the **Application** tab. Now, ensure that the terminal is opened and placed conveniently on the desktop. Click on **Add Window** button and select gnome-terminal window, to set the blur effect. Note: This feature is in beta so expect minor glitches. - -![applying blur effect to selected windows][31] - -This same procedure can be repeated for other apps also, like the Nautilus file manager. - -#### Customizing Neofetch - -One of the best features of neofetch is its customizability. You can tweak the look with a wide range of methods. For Halloween, I choose a pumpkin image to appear in place of the distro logo. - -Neofetch supports adding custom images in a variety of formats. For that purpose, there are a variety of backends supported. Here, I use the jp2a backend, which will use an [ASCII converted image][32]. - -``` -`neofetch --jp2a /path/to/your/image/file.png` -``` - -![neofetch with custom backend][33] - -The above code will create a neofetch instance with the custom image. You can write this code to your .bashrc file, for permanent placement. - -_**Unfortunately, this didn’t work on my Wayland instance.**_ - -#### Customizing Shell Color Scripts - -If you installed shell color scripts, you have a variety of shell scripts. To list the available scripts, use: - -``` -``colorscript -l`` -``` - -![ghosts shell color script][34] - -You can either get a random script each time by placing `colorscript random` in your .bashrc file. Or you can get any particular script by placing `colorscript -e ` - -### Setting up Conky - -I am using the [Grey-Minimalistic conky theme][9] from Deviantart. Each type of conky theme has a different installation method. So if you are using another conky file, follow its setup method, described in its README files. - -Extract the conky theme file. Inside, we have several folders. First, you need to install the associated icons and fonts. That is, install the given font using font-manager. Copy and paste the icon folder to your ~/.icons folder. - -![copy and paste conky files to home directory][35] - -Now, go to the conky folder. Make sure that, you have [enabled viewing hidden files][36]. Now copy the `.conkyrc` file and `.conky-vision-icons` file to your Home directory, as shown above. - -Now start conky to get a look like this. - -![conky theme applied][37] - -Add the conky to the [list of startup applications][38] so that it starts automatically at each boot. - -![add conky to the list of startup applications][39] - -### Change wallpaper - -You are almost there. The only thing you need to do now is to [change the background wallpaper][40]. You have already downloaded the spooky wallpapers I believe. - -![set image as wallpaper from nautilus][41] - -### Behold the final look! - -If you followed most of the steps above, you should get a desktop that looks like the one in the below screenshots. - -![ubuntu halloween theme final look][42] - -Is it scary enough for Halloween? What do you think? Let me know in the comments. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/linux-halloween-makeover/ - -作者：[Sreenath][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ubuntu-halloween-theming-final-looks.jpg -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/make-ubuntu-look-like-macos/ -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/properly-theme-kde-plasma/ -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/using-neofetch/ -[5]: https://gitlab.com/dwt1/shell-color-scripts -[6]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1253385 -[7]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1425426 -[8]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1405210 -[9]: https://www.deviantart.com/bryantlloyd/art/Grey-Minimalistic-634726564 -[10]: https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Creepster?query=creepster -[11]: https://www.wallpaperflare.com/search?wallpaper=spooky -[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/install-gnome-shell-extensions-user-themes-blur-my-shell-and-dash-to-dock.png -[13]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/ -[14]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/ -[15]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/ -[16]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3193/blur-my-shell/ -[17]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/set-themes-with-gnome-tweaks.png -[18]: https://itsfoss.com/install-fonts-ubuntu/ -[19]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/right-click-on-font-file-and-select-open-with-fonts.png -[20]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/install-font-using-font-manager-application.png -[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/change-system-fonts-using-gnome-tweaks.png -[22]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/disable-ubuntu-dock.png -[23]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/select-dash-to-dock-settings.png -[24]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/setting-dash-to-dock-icon-size.png -[25]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/opacity-setting-for-dash-to-dock.png -[26]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/select-preferences-from-hamburger-menu.png -[27]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/create-new-profile-in-gnome-terminal.png -[28]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/set-transperancy-to-gnome-terminal.png -[29]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/set-new-profile-as-default-in-gnome-terminal.png -[30]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/blur-my-shell-extension-settings.png -[31]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/applying-blur-effect-to-selected-windows.png -[32]: https://itsfoss.com/ascii-image-converter/ -[33]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/neofetch-with-custom-backend.png -[34]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ghosts-shell-color-script.png -[35]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/copy-and-paste-conky-files-to-home-directory.png -[36]: https://itsfoss.com/hide-folders-and-show-hidden-files-in-ubuntu-beginner-trick/ -[37]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/conky-theme-applied.png -[38]: https://itsfoss.com/manage-startup-applications-ubuntu/ -[39]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/add-conky-to-the-list-of-startup-applications.png -[40]: https://itsfoss.com/change-wallpaper-ubuntu/ -[41]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/set-image-as-wallpaper-from-nautilus.png -[42]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ubuntu-halloween-theme-final-look.jpg diff --git a/translated/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md b/translated/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f6ae8d0d13 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md @@ -0,0 +1,284 @@ +[#]: subject: "Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/linux-halloween-makeover/" +[#]: author: "Sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "chai001125" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +打造万圣节 Linux 桌面 + +====== + +马上就到万圣节了，太棒啦！ + +我相信你已经有了一些庆祝万圣节的想法。给你的 Linux 桌面做一个像幽灵般的黑暗改造，就类似于下面的屏幕截图，你觉得怎么样？ + +![ubuntu halloween theming final looks][1] + +可定制是 Linux 的一大优势，对 Linux 可进行的定制是多种多样且没有尽头的。之前，我们向你展示过 [如何让你的 Linux 看起来像 macOS][2] 的方法。今天，我将继续分享一些定制“万圣节”Linux 桌面的技巧。 + +可以通过主题、图标、扩展、字体、conky 等一系列配置组合起来，来实现 Linux 桌面的定制。**_虽然，你可以在任何的 Linux 发行版和桌面环境中配置这些东西，但是仅在一个教程中展示所有 Linux 发行版和桌面环境的桌面定制方法，是不太可行的。_** + +因此，在本文中，我将介绍 Ubuntu 与 GNOME 桌面环境的桌面定制方法。 + +### 安装所有工具 + +你需要一些软件包和工具。在开始定制桌面前，请确保你安装了全部（或大多数）的软件包和工具。 + +_你不必做出**所有**的桌面改变。但你做的越多，你的桌面也会美化得更好看。_ + +**安装 GNOME Tweaks 和 GMOME Extension Manager** + +使用以下命令，来安装 GNOME Tweaks 工具和 GMOME 扩展管理器： + +``` +`sudo apt install gnome-tweaks gnome-extension-manager` +``` + +在基于 KDE 的 Linux 系统中，没有可以更改 Linux 桌面外观的 Tweaks 工具。但是，你可以使用 Kvantum-Manager 这一应用程序来更改外观，请参考我在 [KDE 主题指南][3] 中的讨论。 + +**安装 Conky（可选）** + +你可以选择是否要安装 Conky ，因为现在管理 Conky 的项目已经不再维护了，因此继续使用 Conky 可能会有点棘手。但无论如何，我们用它来增加万圣节外观的感觉。 + +``` +`sudo apt install conky-all` +``` + +**安装 Neofetch 或者 shell color scripts** + +这个步骤也可以由你自主选择。你可以选择使用 [neofetch][4]，因为 neofetch 工具已经在 Ubuntu 仓库中了，你可以直接通过 `apt install` 安装，并且 neofetch 使用起来也很简单。 + +``` +`sudo apt install neofetch` +``` + +[Shell-color scripts][5] 是另一个不错的选择。在 Arch 用户仓库（AUR）中有该软件包，Arch Linux 用户可以从 AUR 安装 Shell-color scripts。而在 Ubuntu 中，你则需要手动安装它。 + +``` +`git clone https://gitlab.com/dwt1/shell-color-scripts.git cd shell-color-scripts sudo make install` +``` + +**安装主题、图标、字体和壁纸工具** + +我正在使用的是 [Sweet][6] 主题工具、[Beautiline][7] 图标软件包、[simple1e][8] 光标工具和 [灰色极简主义(Grey-Minimalistic)][9] conky 主题，下载好这些工具后，再解压包。你还要下载 [Creepster][10] 字体。 + +最后，从互联网上下载一张 [万圣节幽灵氛围的壁纸][11]。 + +请注意！你即将要进行大量的定制和更改。要恢复到原来普通的外观，你可以通过撤销你所做的所有更改。一个更简单的方法是：创建一个管理员权限的新用户，并使用该新用户进行所有这些更改。这样，你的原始用户帐户和外观就不会受到影响。在万圣节结束后，你可以删除这个新增的用户。 + +现在，你有了所有定制桌面的工具和资源，是时候使用它们了！ + +### 安装并使用扩展 + +打开 gnome-extensions 应用程序。在 Ubuntu 22.04 中，你可以在浏览菜单（Browse）下安装扩展。 + +![install gnome shell extensions user themes blur my shell and dash to dock][12] + +在其他版本的 Ubuntu 和其他带有 GNOME 的发行版上，你可以通过浏览器上 [安装 shell 扩展][13]，来安装扩展。为了实现打造万圣节桌面的目的，请安装以下扩展程序： + +- [用户主题（User Themes）][14] +- [Dash 到程序坞（Dash to Dock）][15] +- [模糊我的 shell（Blur my Shell）][16] + +此外，请确保所有的扩展都已启用。 + +### 配置主题、图标和字体 + +你需要将解压的主题文件夹复制，并粘贴到 `~/.themes` 目录下，将解压的图标和光标文件夹复制，并粘贴到 `~/.icons` 目录下。 + +接下来，打开 GNOME Tweaks，并应用主题、图标和字体等设置，如下的截图所示。 + +![set themes with gnome tweaks][17] + +要[在 Ubuntu 中使用自定义字体][18]，请右键单击你下载和解压的字体文件，然后选择使用字体管理器（Font manager）打开。我打算使用的是 [Creepster][10] 字体。 + +![right click on font file and select open with fonts][19] + +然后，点击右上角的安装（Install）按钮。 + +![install font using font manager application][20] + +请注意：在某些系统中，点击安装按钮不会显示“已安装（installed）”的提示。在这种情况下，你只需关闭界面就行了，因为一旦你点击了安装按钮，该字体就已经安装上了。 + +再重新打开 GNOME Tweaks，然后前往字体（Fonts）边栏，在这里，你可以更改各个文件类型的字体，如下图所示。 + +![change system fonts using gnome tweaks][21] + +请注意，对于终端，需要单空格的字体。在这里，我使用了普通的字体，这里可能会让你稍稍有点迷失。 + +### 应用 Dash to Dock 扩展设置 + +首先，你要使用 GNOME 扩展应用程序（GNOME Extensions application），来**关闭 Ubuntu Dock 扩展**（turn off the Ubuntu Dock extension）。 + +![Disable Ubuntu Dock][22] + +如果 Dash to 程序坞扩展（Dash to Dock extension）还尚未运行的话，请先运行它。 + +然后，右键单击在底部显示的 Dash to Dock 按钮，然后选择 Dash to Dock Settings。 + +![select dash to dock settings][23] + +在设置中，你需要调整一些小东西。 + +首先，使用滑块，来缩小图标的大小。 + +![setting dash to dock icon size][24] + +之后，你需要减少程序坞的不透明度，我更喜欢完全透明的程序坞。 + +所以，我将不透明度设置为**固定**（fixed），并使用滑块将其降至零，如下图所示。 + +![opacity setting for dash to dock][25] + +### GNOME 终端（GNOME terminal）设置 + +你想得到的 Linux 桌面的主要变化是自定义**模糊且有一定透明度**的 neofetch 外观（或 shell color script 外观）。 + +我们之前在 GNOME Tweaks 中应用单空格字体时，因此 GNOME 终端中的字体也会被更改。 + +首先，从**偏好设置**中创建一个新的配置文件。 + +![select preferences from hamburger menu][26] + +单击 `+` ，来创建一个新配置文件。输入文件的名称，并点击**创建**（create），如下所示： + +![create new profile in gnome terminal][27] + +在这个新配置文件中，更改透明度设置，将透明度的滑块放在中间，如下图所示： + +![set transperancy to gnome terminal][28] + +完成后，要将此配置文件设置为默认的配置文件，单击与新配置文件关联的三角形按钮，然后选择**设置为默认**（Set as Default）。 + +![set new profile as default in gnome terminal][29] + +#### 设置模糊效果 + +上述的步骤只会将终端变成一个透明的外壳。但是，如果你还需要有利于提高可见性的模糊效果，你需要进入到 Blur my Shell 扩展进行设置。 + +![blur my shell extension settings][30] + +首先，进入到**应用程序**（Application）菜单。现在，确保终端已打开，并置于屏幕明显的位置。单击**添加**（Add）窗口，然后选择 gnome 终端窗口，以设置模糊效果。请注意：此功能还处于测试阶段，因此可能会出现一些小故障。 + +![applying blur effect to selected windows][31] + +也可以对其他应用程序（例如 Nautilus 文件管理器）重复此过程，来设置模糊效果。 + +#### 定制 Neofetch + +Neofetch 的最佳功能之一是其可定制性。你可以用 Neofetch 中的多种方法，来调整外观。为了更有万圣节氛围，我选择了一个南瓜图像，来代替发行版的 logo。 + +Neofetch 提供以各种格式添加自定义图像的功能。为此，也有各种供支持的后端。在这里，我使用 jp2a 后端，它将使用 [转换成 ASCII 的图片][32]。 + +``` +`neofetch --jp2a /path/to/your/image/file.png` +``` + +![neofetch with custom backend][33] + +上述命令将创建一个带有自定义图片的 Neofetch 实例。你可以将此命令写入你的 .bashrc 文件，以便永久放置该图片。 + +_**不幸的是，这在我的 Wayland 实例上并不起作用。**_ + +#### 自定义 Shell Color Scripts + +如果你安装的是 Shell Color Scripts 工具，则会有多种 shell 脚本。要列出可用的脚本，请使用命令： + +``` +``colorscript -l`` +``` + +![ghosts shell color script][34] + +你可以通过将 `colorscript random` 写入你的 .bashrc 文件，以每次都获得一个随机的颜色脚本，或者通过将`colorscript -e `写入你的 .bashrc 文件，来得到一个特定的颜色脚本。 + +### 设置 Conky + +我使用的是 Deviantart 的 [灰色极简主义（Grey-Minimalistic）][9] conky 主题。conky 主题的每种类型都有不同的安装方法。因此，如果你想要使用另一个 conky 文件的话，请遵循它的 README 文件中描述的设置方法，进行设置。 + +解压 conky 主题文件，里面有几个文件夹。首先，你需要安装关联的图标和字体，也就是说，使用字体管理器（font-manager）安装给定的字体。接着，将图标文件夹拷贝，并粘贴到 ~/.icons 文件夹。 + +![copy and paste conky files to home directory][35] + +然后，进入 conky 文件夹。确保你已 [启用查看隐藏文件][36]，将 `.conkyrc` 文件和 `.conky-vision-icons` 文件复制到你的 home 目录，如上图所示。 + +现在，启动conky，看起来就变成下图这样了。 + +![conky theme applied][37] + +将 conky 添加到 [自启动应用程序列表][38] 中，以便在每次开机时都能自启动。 + +![add conky to the list of startup applications][39] + +### 更改壁纸 + +你快要完成啦。你现在唯一需要做的就是 [更改背景壁纸][40]。我相信你之前已经下载好了有万圣节幽灵气氛的壁纸，右键设置为壁纸（Set as Wallpaper）就好啦。 + +![set image as wallpaper from nautilus][41] + +### 看看最终成果吧！ + +如果你遵循上面的大多数步骤的话，你就会得到一个与以下截图相似的桌面。 + +![ubuntu halloween theme final look][42] + +这个桌面对于万圣节来说够吓人了吗？你是怎么觉得的呢？在评论区中告诉我吧。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/linux-halloween-makeover/ + +作者：[Sreenath][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[chai001125](https://github.com/chai001125) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ubuntu-halloween-theming-final-looks.jpg +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/make-ubuntu-look-like-macos/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/properly-theme-kde-plasma/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/using-neofetch/ +[5]: https://gitlab.com/dwt1/shell-color-scripts +[6]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1253385 +[7]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1425426 +[8]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1405210 +[9]: https://www.deviantart.com/bryantlloyd/art/Grey-Minimalistic-634726564 +[10]: https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Creepster?query=creepster +[11]: https://www.wallpaperflare.com/search?wallpaper=spooky +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/install-gnome-shell-extensions-user-themes-blur-my-shell-and-dash-to-dock.png +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/ +[14]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/ +[15]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/ +[16]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3193/blur-my-shell/ +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/set-themes-with-gnome-tweaks.png +[18]: https://itsfoss.com/install-fonts-ubuntu/ +[19]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/right-click-on-font-file-and-select-open-with-fonts.png +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/install-font-using-font-manager-application.png +[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/change-system-fonts-using-gnome-tweaks.png +[22]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/disable-ubuntu-dock.png +[23]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/select-dash-to-dock-settings.png +[24]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/setting-dash-to-dock-icon-size.png +[25]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/opacity-setting-for-dash-to-dock.png +[26]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/select-preferences-from-hamburger-menu.png +[27]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/create-new-profile-in-gnome-terminal.png +[28]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/set-transperancy-to-gnome-terminal.png +[29]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/set-new-profile-as-default-in-gnome-terminal.png +[30]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/blur-my-shell-extension-settings.png +[31]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/applying-blur-effect-to-selected-windows.png +[32]: https://itsfoss.com/ascii-image-converter/ +[33]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/neofetch-with-custom-backend.png +[34]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ghosts-shell-color-script.png +[35]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/copy-and-paste-conky-files-to-home-directory.png +[36]: https://itsfoss.com/hide-folders-and-show-hidden-files-in-ubuntu-beginner-trick/ +[37]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/conky-theme-applied.png +[38]: https://itsfoss.com/manage-startup-applications-ubuntu/ +[39]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/add-conky-to-the-list-of-startup-applications.png +[40]: https://itsfoss.com/change-wallpaper-ubuntu/ +[41]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/set-image-as-wallpaper-from-nautilus.png +[42]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ubuntu-halloween-theme-final-look.jpg From b038743c856db1686bc2afbd0897f1e3ddcd6473 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: littlebirdnest <63171986+littlebirdnest@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 12:19:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 08/76] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=94=B3=E8=AF=B7=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ut rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md b/sources/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md index c1f743afa6..f9e5ce71a4 100644 --- a/sources/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md +++ b/sources/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/" [#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "littlebirdnest" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From b67a2fafdeda7409d9572cb0d96f4a268758ed93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: littlebirdnest <63171986+littlebirdnest@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 12:49:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 09/76] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=E4=BA=86=E7=BF=BB?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md | 80 ------------------- ...o stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md | 80 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md diff --git a/sources/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md b/sources/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md deleted file mode 100644 index f9e5ce71a4..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/" -[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "littlebirdnest" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be -====== - -A rolling-release Ubuntu distribution? Wait, what? Rhino Linux sounds fascinating.. - -![Ubuntu but rolling but also stable! That's what Rhino Linux aims to be][1] - -Rhino Linux will be the successor of [Rolling Rhino Remix][2]. A Linux distro built by http.llamaz that offered a rolling-release **unofficial** variant of Ubuntu. - -To clarify, the project was never aimed to replace other stable distributions and was purely a passion project made for fun. - -Considering people started using it as a daily driver and expected more from it, the developer has decided to turn this into a serious project. - -Rhino Linux is its next step for it. So, what can you expect? - -### Meet Rhino Linux: The Successor - -The main goal is to provide a stable Ubuntu experience while still providing a rolling-release model. - -The aim remains the same, but the fundamentals for Rhino Linux will receive a complete overhaul. They are potentially making it an impressive rolling-release Ubuntu distribution. - -**Sounds exciting! 🤯** - -At its core, Rhino Linux will be using a slightly modified version of [XFCE][3] as its desktop environment; it was chosen due to its well-known stability and speed. - -The founder of Rhino Linux mentioned the following: - -> Ubuntu as a rolling release is still at the very core of our concept. Rhino Linux is not a depature from Rolling Rhino Remix, but rather re-imagines it as the more stable, mature distribution it should have shipped as originally. - -![xfce 4.14][4] - -Alongside that, [Pacstall][5] will be used as the default package manager on Rhino Linux with one of their repositories. - -> 💡Pacstall is an [AUR][6]-inspired package manager for Ubuntu. - -The development of which is headed by the founder of Pacstall, [_Plasma_][7]. He has also joined as one of the new developers (Deputy Project Lead), and [Sourajyoti Basak][8] as another core member. - -### Moving Forward: Availability and Release - -As of writing, Rhino Linux has not received any specific release date, but you can expect it to release sometime in **2023**. - -What happens to Rolling Rhino Remix? - -The developer clarified that it would continue to be maintained for three months after the release of Rhino Linux. However, it won't have a new release image after its subsequent release on **11.01.2022**. - -You can find out more about Rhino Linux by visiting its [official website][9]. - -_💬 What do you think of Rhino Linux? Can it be a contender for official Ubuntu flavors worth trying?_ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/ - -作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/rhino-linux.png -[2]: https://github.com/rollingrhinoremix -[3]: https://www.xfce.org/ -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/XFCE_4.14.png -[5]: https://github.com/pacstall/pacstall -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ -[7]: https://github.com/Henryws -[8]: https://github.com/wizard-28 -[9]: https://rhinolinux.org/ diff --git a/translated/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md b/translated/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a119f8cfd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/" +[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "littlebirdnest" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu，不但滚动发布但也很稳定这就是 Rhino Linux 的目标 +====== + +滚动发布的 Ubuntu 发行版？等等，什么？ Rhino Linux 听起来很迷人.. + +![Ubuntu but rolling but also stable! That's what Rhino Linux aims to be][1] + +Rhino Linux 将成为[Rolling Rhino Remix][2]的继任者。由 http.llamaz 构建的 Linux 发行版， 提供了 Ubuntu 的滚动发布的**非官方**的变体版本 + +需要澄清的是，该项目从未旨在取代其他稳定的发行版，而纯粹是一个充满乐趣的激情项目。 + +考虑到人们开始将其用作日常驱动程序并对其期望更多，开发人员决定将其变成一个严肃的项目。 + +Rhino Linux 作为它的继任者。那么，你能期待什么？ + +### 与Rhino Linux相遇：其继任者 + +主要目标是提供稳定的 Ubuntu 体验，同时仍提供滚动发布模型。 + +目标保持不变，但 Rhino Linux 的基础将得到彻底改革。他们有可能使它成为一个令人印象深刻的滚动发布的Ubuntu 发行版。 + +**听起来很令人兴奋！🤯** + +在其核心，Rhino Linux 将使用稍微修改过的 [XFCE][3]版本作为其桌面环境；之所以选择它是因为它众所周知的稳定性和速度。 + +Rhino Linux 的创始人提到了以下几点： + +> Ubuntu 作为滚动发行版仍然是我们概念的核心。 Rhino Linux 并不是从 Rolling Rhino Remix 中分离出来的，而是将它重新设想为更稳定、更成熟的发行版，它应该像最初一样发布。 + +![xfce 4.14][4] + +除此之外，[Pacstall][5]将用作 Rhino Linux 上的默认包管理器及其存储库之一。 + +> 💡Pacstall 是一个受 [AUR][6]启发的 Ubuntu 包管理器。 + +其开发由 Pacstall 的创始人[_Plasma_][7]领导. 他还作为新开发人员之一（副项目负责人）加入，[Sourajyoti Basak][8]作为另一位核心成员加入。 + +### 前进：可用性和发布 + +在撰写本文时，Rhino Linux 尚未收到任何具体的发布日期，但您可以预计它会在 **2023** 年的某个时间发布。 + +Rolling Rhino Remix 会发生什么？ + +开发者澄清说，Rhino Linux 发布后会继续维护三个月。但是，在 2022 年 1 月 11 日发布之后，它不会有新的发布映像。 + +您可以通过访问其[官方网站][9]了解更多关于 Rhino Linux 的信息。 + +_💬 你觉得 Rhino Linux 怎么样？它可以成为值得尝试的官方 Ubuntu 风格的竞争者吗？_ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/ + +作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[littlebirdnest](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/rhino-linux.png +[2]: https://github.com/rollingrhinoremix +[3]: https://www.xfce.org/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/XFCE_4.14.png +[5]: https://github.com/pacstall/pacstall +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ +[7]: https://github.com/Henryws +[8]: https://github.com/wizard-28 +[9]: https://rhinolinux.org/ From dc11ebd517c1852851c36f54202d13dabdee87ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: qfzy1233 Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 14:15:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 10/76] =?UTF-8?q?Update=2020221022.3=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Use=20open=20source=20commands=20in=20Powe?= =?UTF-8?q?rshell.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md | 33 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md b/sources/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md index 247f4daca0..59d165394d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md +++ b/sources/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md @@ -7,27 +7,26 @@ [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -Use open source commands in Powershell +在Powershell 中使用开源命令 ====== -When you launch an application on an operating system, there are certain code libraries and utility applications that your OS needs to use for that app to run. Your OS knows how to find these libraries and utilities because it has a _system path,_ a map to common shared data that lots of apps need. Every OS has this, but users aren’t usually aware of it because they don’t usually need to care about it. However, when you start coding or using special network utilities or commands, you might care about your own PATH variable. +当你在操作系统上启动应用程序时，操作系统需要使用某些代码库和实用程序来运行该应用程序。你的操作系统知道如何找到这些库和实用程序，因为它有一个_系统路径_，一个到许多应用程序都需要用到的公共共享数据的映射。所有操作系统都有这一点，但用户通常不会意识到这一点，因为他们通常不需要在意它。然而，当你需要编程或使用特殊的网络实用程序或命令时，你可能需要关心你自己的PATH变量配置。 -The PATH variable makes it so that you can save commands to a consistent location, and use them from anywhere on your system using the command prompt or the more powerful (and open source) [Powershell][1]. +PATH变量使你可以将命令保存到一致的位置，并使用命令提示符或更强大(也是开源的)[Powershell][1]从系统上的任何位置调用它们。 -For instance, say you want to install the open source application `pscp.exe`, a command-line interface to the famous PuTTY OpenSSH client on Windows. You can download it to your hard drive, but how does your command-line know that it exists? Well at first, it doesn’t: +例如，假设你想安装开源应用程序“pscp.exe”，它是Windows上著名的PuTTY OpenSSH客户端的命令行界面。你可以将它下载到你的硬盘，但是你的命令行如何知道它的存在呢?实时一开始，它并不知道: ``` PS> pscp - pscp: The term 'pscp' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, script file, or operable program. - Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again. + pscp: 命令“pscp”不能被识别为cmdlet、脚本文件或可操作程序的名称。检查名称的拼写，或者如果包含了路径，则检查路径是否正确，然后再试一次。 ``` -If you’re using an open source command line, such as Powershell or [Cmder][2], you get a useful error hinting that this might be a problem with your path (or the lack thereof). Here’s how to solve that problem. +如果你正在使用一个开源命令行，例如Powershell或[Cmder][2]，那么你将得到一个有用的错误提示，提示这可能是你的路径有问题(或没有问题)。下面是解决这个问题的方法。 -### Setting a PATH +### 设置 PATH -- First, create a folder called `App` on your Desktop. -- Next, right-click on the Windows menu in the bottom left corner of your screen, and select **System**. +- 首先，在桌面上创建一个名为`App`的文件夹。 +- 接下来，右键单击屏幕左下角的Windows菜单，然后选择 **系统**. ![Image of the Windows menu system.][3] @@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ Image by: (Alan Smithee, CC BY-SA 4.0) -- In the **System** window that appears, click the link to **Advanced system settings** on the left of the window. -- In the **System properties** window that appears, click the **Environment variables** button at the bottom of the window. +- 在弹出的“**系统**”窗口中，单击窗口左侧的“**高级系统设置**”链接。 +- 在出现的**系统属性**窗口中，单击窗口底部的**环境变量**按钮。 ![Image Windows system enviroment variables.][4] @@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ Image by: (Alan Smithee, CC BY-SA 4.0) -- In the **Environment variables** window, click the **New** button under the **User variables** panel. +- 在**环境变量**窗口中，单击**用户变量**面板下的**新建**按钮。 ![Image of new Windows enviroment variables.][5] @@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ Image by: (Alan Smithee, CC BY-SA 4.0) -- In the dialog box that appears, enter `PATH` for the **Variable name** field, and `%USERPROFILE\Desktop\App` for the **Variable value** field. Click the **OK** button to save your changes. +- 在弹出的对话框中，为**变量名**字段输入`PATH`，为**变量值**字段输入 `%USERPROFILE\Desktop\App` 。单击**OK**按钮保存更改。 ![Image of Windows path set.][6] @@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ Image by: (Alan Smithee, CC BY-SA 4.0) -Place commands and applications you want to have access to from a command prompt in `Desktop\Apps` and Powershell, Cmder, and even Cmd will find them: +将那些你希望从命令提示符在`Desktop\Apps`和Powershell, Cmder，Cmd中调用的命令和应用程序放置于`Desktop\Apps`路径下: ``` PS> pscp –version @@ -69,9 +68,9 @@ PS> pscp –version PS> ``` -### Automatic PATH settings +### PATH路径自动设置 -Many applications get automatically added to the system path during installation. However, not all of them do, either because you missed a check box during the install process, or because the application developer expects you to add it yourself. When automatic paths fail, you now know how to forge your own path. +许多应用程序会在安装过程中自动添加到系统路径中。然而，并不是所有的程序都如此，要么是因为你在安装过程中遗漏了一个复选框，要么是因为应用程序开发人员希望你自己添加它。当自动路径失败时，你现在知道如何自己设置路径。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From a20f039788207a226b6c5b8916bb84a8dabbdf84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: qfzy1233 Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 06:19:52 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 11/76] =?UTF-8?q?Rename=20sources/tech/20221022.3=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Use=20open=20source=20co?= =?UTF-8?q?mmands=20in=20Powershell.md=20to=20translated/tech/20221022.3?= =?UTF-8?q?=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Use=20open=20source?= =?UTF-8?q?=20commands=20in=20Powershell.?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell. | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md => translated/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell. 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From 34b41fab73dc4395b83685e3eff054882203bb6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: qfzy1233 Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 06:24:29 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 12/76] =?UTF-8?q?Rename=2020221022.3=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Use=20open=20source=20commands=20in=20Powe?= =?UTF-8?q?rshell.=20to=2020221022.3=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=EF=B8=8F=20Use=20open=20source=20commands=20in=20Powershell.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ershell. => 20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename translated/tech/{20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell. => 20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md} (100%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell. b/translated/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md similarity index 100% rename from translated/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell. rename to translated/tech/20221022.3 ⭐️⭐️ Use open source commands in Powershell.md From d42c27f2876043f03375ac6c1eee099b60f025ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: cool-summer-021 Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 15:06:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 13/76] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md | 75 ------------------- ... My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md | 75 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20210811 My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20210811 My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20210811 My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md b/sources/tech/20210811 My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md deleted file mode 100644 index a68ac0c3cf..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210811 My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/8/terraform-tips" -[#]: author: "Ayush Sharma https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "cool-summer-021" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform -====== -These are the lessons I've learned after five years with Terraform. -![Puzzle pieces coming together to form a computer screen][1] - -Working with Terraform for over five years has taught me some key lessons. Five practices have been critical to having a logical and usable Terraform setup regardless of the size of the team or the nature of the project. - -### 1\. Know your target audience. - -This one might seem obvious, but I've seen it go wrong several times. When organizing Terraform code, either standardizing the directory structure or defining naming conventions, it's vital to consider the intended audience. Will your team be using these Terraform scripts and modules? Are you handing the work over to another team? Will new people be joining your team sooner or later? Are you working on this project solo? Will you be using this setup in six months or a year, or will it be assigned to someone else? - -Questions like these affect several decisions. Ideally, you should have [Remote State][2] and [State Locking][3] in place regardless of the team size now or in the future. Remote State will ensure your laptop is not the only place your Terraform works, and State Locking will ensure that only one person at a time is changing the infrastructure. - -The naming convention should make sense to the eventual owners of the project, not just the team that is writing the code. If the project is for another team, make sure they have a say in the naming convention. If non-technical stakeholders or internal security/GCR teams review the code, make sure they check the naming convention. In addition to resource names, you should leverage resource tags to highlight any data classification/privacy requirements (high, medium, low) for more careful examination by reviewers. - -### 2\. Reuse. Reuse. Reuse. - -The [Terraform Registry][4] provides a library of ready-to-use modules for the most common use-cases. I've written about the extensive parameterization available in the VPC module and security groups. Simply calling modules with different parameters is enough to handle most, if not all, potential use cases. Reuse these shared modules as much as possible to avoid endless typing, testing, checking, fixing, and refactoring. - -I've also found that separating modules and resources based on the frequency of use or change is beneficial. For example, infrastructure scaffolding used only once belongs together, such as setting up the VPC, security groups, routing tables, VPC endpoints, and so on. But things like private hosted zone entries, autoscaling groups, target groups, load balancers, etc., might change with every deployment, so separating these from the one-time scaffolding will make code reviews easier and debugging faster. - -### 3\. Be explicit rather than implicit. - -There are common patterns to Terraform code that I have seen lead to incorrect assumptions baked into the design. Teams can assume that the Terraform version used to write the code today will never change, or the external modules won't change, or the providers they are using won't change. These lead to invisible issues a few weeks down the road when these external dependencies inevitably get updated. - -Ensure you explicitly define versions everywhere possible: In the main Terraform block, in the provider block, in the module block, etc. Defining versions ensures that your dependent libraries stay frozen so that you can explicitly update dependencies when required after thorough discussions, reviews, and testing. - -### 4\. Automate everywhere. Your laptop. Your shared VM. Your CI/CD. - -Leveraging automation at every stage of the deployment process can avoid future problems before they even arise. - -Use [Git pre-commit hooks][5] to run `terraform fmt` and `terraform validate` before you commit your code. Pre-commit hooks ensure that code is, at a bare minimum, adequately formatted and syntactically correct. Check-in this pre-commit file to the repo, and everyone on your team can benefit from the same automation. This small but vital quality control at the first step of the process can achieve substantial time savings as your project progresses. - -All modern deployment tools have CI processes. You can use these to run SAST and unit testing tools when pushing your code to origin. I've written on my blog about how [Checkov can test Terraform code for security and compliance and create custom checks][6] for organization-specific conventions. Add these unit testing tools to your CI pipeline to improve code quality and robustness. - -### 5\. Have an awesome README.md. - -We all like to think that Terraform code is self-documenting. Sure it is, but only if your future team already knows your company's naming conventions and guidelines and secret handshakes and inside jokes and whatever else your repo contains besides valid Terraform code. Getting into the habit of having a good `README.md` can be a huge time saver, and it keeps your team honest by holding them accountable for everything explicitly committed to in the README. - -At a minimum, your README should contain the steps to initialize the right Terraform environment on your workstations (Linux, Windows, Mac, and so on), including the Terraform version to install. It should specify the required dependencies (Checkov, TerraGrunt, and others) with versions and any handy Linux aliases your team uses (some people like to define `tff` as a short-hand for `terraform fmt`). Most importantly, the branching and PR review strategy and process, naming conventions, and resource tagging standards should be specified. - -The README should pass a simple test: if a new member joins your team tomorrow, is the README enough to teach them what to do and how to do it correctly? If not, you may find yourself hosting never-ending standards and process meetings repeatedly for the next few months. - -### Wrap up - -After many years of working with Terraform, these are my five best bits of wisdom to pass along. Feel free to share your own best practices below. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/terraform-tips - -作者：[Ayush Sharma][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/puzzle_computer_solve_fix_tool.png?itok=U0pH1uwj (Puzzle pieces coming together to form a computer screen) -[2]: https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/state/index.html -[3]: https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/state/locking.html -[4]: https://registry.terraform.io/ -[5]: https://opensource.com/life/16/8/how-construct-your-own-git-server-part-6 -[6]: https://notes.ayushsharma.in/2021/07/cloud-infrastructure-sast-terraform-checkov diff --git a/translated/tech/20210811 My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md b/translated/tech/20210811 My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e85f4b3759 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210811 My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +[#]: subject: "My top 5 tips for setting up Terraform" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/8/terraform-tips" +[#]: author: "Ayush Sharma https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "cool-summer-021" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +关于配置 Terraform 的五条建议 +====== +本文介绍我使用 Terraform 五年之后吸取到的经验。 +![Puzzle pieces coming together to form a computer screen][1] + +使用 Terraform 五年的经历让我吸取到一些重要经验。无论团队大小、项目性质，有五条要点对于配置合乎逻辑且可用的 Terraform 平台至关重要。 + +### 1\. 了解你的目标受众 + +这一点似乎显而易见，但我也见过一些在这方面犯错的案例。当组织和规划 Terraform 的相关代码时，无论是将目录结构标准化还是确定命名规范，考虑目标受众是非常重要的。例如：你的团队是否将使用这些 Terraform 脚本和模块？你是否会向其他团队交接工作？你的团队是否会有新成员加入？你是否正在独自进行项目开发？半年或一年后，你是否仍然使用这些配置，还是会将它安排给别人？ + +这类问题会影响某些决策。理想情况下，无论如何都会有[远程状态][2]和[状态锁定][3]两种状态。远程状态确保你的机器不是 Terraform 唯一运行的机器，状态锁定确保同一时刻只有一个人对基础设施进行修改操作。 + +命名规范应该对项目的最终拥有者有意义，而不是只对开发团队有意义。如果项目会转交给其他团队，应该确保他们对命名规范有发言权。如果代码由非技术的利益相关者或内部安全/GCR 团队负责审查，应该确保他们会检查命名规范。另外，对于资源名称，为了让代码审查人员更仔细地进行检查，你应该使用资源标签，把有关的数据分类/隐私需求（高、中、低）标示出来。 + +### 2\. 重用，重用，重用 + +[Terraform 注册表][4]为大多数普通用例提供了现成模块类库。我已经使用过 VPC 模块和安全模块中的大量功能，这些功能只需要提供相关的参数就能使用。使用不同的参数，简单调用这些模块对于处理大部分用例已经足够了。尽可能多地重用这些公共模块，可以避免大量且重复的编码、测试、检查、修复、重构等操作。 + +我也发现，基于使用或变更的频率划分模块和资源大有好处。例如，只使用一次的基础设施手脚架，例如 VPC 相关设置、安全模块、路由表、VPC 端点等，可以放在一起。但是像私有托管域条目、自动伸缩模块、目标模块、负载均衡器等，每次部署时都会变化， 所以把这些与基础设施手脚架分离开来，会令代码检查更方便，调试更快速。 + +### 3\. 要明确，而非隐含 + +Terraform 代码中有一些常见的模式，它会导致设计中出现错误的假设。 团队可以假设用来写代码的 Terraform 版本永远保持不变，外部模块不会变化，或供应商不会变更。当这些外部依赖不可避免地发生变化时，就会导致一些难以发现的问题。 + +无论何处（包括主要的 Terraform 组、Provider 组、功能模块组）都要确保定义是明确的。事先定义版本，可以确保依赖库是固定的，因此你可以在讨论、审查、测试后，明明白白地更新依赖关系。 + +### 4\. 无论何处都要进行自动化，包括笔记本电脑、共享虚拟机、CI/CD。 + +在部署的各个阶段使用自动化方法，都可以避免可能发生的问题。 + +在你提交代码前，使用 [Git pre-commit hooks][5] 运行 `terraform fmt` 和 `terraform validate`。Pre-commit hooks 的作用是确保你的代码满足最低程度的格式和语法正确。把这个 pre-commit 文件检入到仓库，对你的团队成员都有好处。项目的第一步就进行质量控制相关的操作，它虽然表面上是小事一桩，但也很重要，能为项目节省大量时间。 + +一切现代化部署工具都有 CI 流程。当你向原始仓库推送代码时，可以使用它来运行 SAST 和单元测试工具。我写过一篇博客，是关于[使用 Checkov 测试 Terraform 代码的安全性和一致性以及进行自定义检查][6]的。把这些单元测试工具加入到你的 CI 管道，可以改进代码质量和健壮性。 + +### 5\. 具有极好的 README.md 文件 + +我们都认为 Terraform 代码是自文档化的。的确如此，但是只有当未来的团队已经了解你的公司的命名规范、开发指南、机密通信、圈内笑话以及除有效代码之外你的仓库内的其他所有东西，才会如此。维护 `README.md` 文件是个好习惯，它能节省大量时间，而且团队成员要为自己向 README 文件提交的任何内容负责，这样也就确保团队成员的忠诚度。 + +你的 README 文件至少应该包含在你的工作环境下(Linux, Windows, Mac 等等)初始化 Terraform 环境的步骤，包括 Terraform 的版本信息。它应当确定需要的依赖库（Checkov, TerraGrunt及其他依赖）和其版本，以及团队使用的 Linux 别名（例如有人喜欢将 `terraform fmt` 简写为 `tff`）。最重要的是，需要确定分支和 PR 审核策略和流程、命名规范和资源标签的相关标准。 + +README 文件需要通过这样的检验：如果团队有新成员加入，能否告诉他们做什么以及如何正确地完成工作？如果不能，在后续的几个月内，你将面对的是无休止的标准和流程讨论会议。 + +### 结束语 + +这些就是我使用 Terraform 多年后，认为需要传授给大家的五条有用的建议。也欢迎您分享自己的最佳实践。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/terraform-tips + +作者：[Ayush Sharma][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[cool-summer-021](https://github.com/cool-summer-021) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/puzzle_computer_solve_fix_tool.png?itok=U0pH1uwj (Puzzle pieces coming together to form a computer screen) +[2]: https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/state/index.html +[3]: https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/state/locking.html +[4]: https://registry.terraform.io/ +[5]: https://opensource.com/life/16/8/how-construct-your-own-git-server-part-6 +[6]: https://notes.ayushsharma.in/2021/07/cloud-infrastructure-sast-terraform-checkov From 8364951207978efe9deadf436eafe4a9a87183b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 15:47:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 14/76] R --- ...13 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md b/published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md index cb68bbf24d..8e365e371a 100644 --- a/published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md +++ b/published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md @@ -76,7 +76,10 @@ yay -S nsnake 哦，确保你已经安装了 `git` 和 `ncurses-devel`，它们是编译所需的包。 ``` -git clone https://github.com/alexdantas/nSnake.gitcd nsnakemakemake install +git clone https://github.com/alexdantas/nSnake.git +cd nsnake +make +make install ``` 那么，你喜欢贪吃蛇游戏吗？与其他基于终端的游戏相比，你更喜欢它吗？在下面的评论框中与其他读者分享你的观点。 From ff8e2d976e2b6ecb26c694d537ba30836f388a53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 16:05:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 15/76] R MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @littlebirdnest 这篇还可以更好一些，请参照我的校对改进你的翻译~加油~ --- ...s With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md | 74 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md b/translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md index 7967fd9a20..d0aeba7f63 100644 --- a/translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md +++ b/translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md @@ -3,41 +3,41 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "littlebirdnest" -[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -带有 Xfce 升级和其他改进的 Xubuntu 22.10 版本 +Xubuntu 22.10 的新变化 ====== -Xubuntu 22.10 提供了精致的 XFCE 体验。点击此处了解详情。 +> Xubuntu 22.10 提供了精致的 Xfce 体验。请读此文了解详情。 ![Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements][1] -Xubuntu 是基于 XFCE 的官方 Ubuntu 风格。 +Xubuntu 是基于 Xfce 的 Ubuntu 官方版本。 -它也是可用的最好的轻量级 Linux 发行版之一。 +它也是最好的轻量级 Linux 发行版之一。 -随着最新的 Xubuntu 22.10“ Kinetic Kudu ”版本，您可以期待桌面环境的改进、功能的添加和全面的改进。 +随着最新的 Xubuntu 22.10 “Kinetic Kudu” 版本，你可以看到改进的桌面环境、添加的功能，以及全面的细化。 -### Xubuntu 22.10：有什么新功能？ +### Xubuntu 22.10 的新变化 ![Xubuntu 22.10 home][2] Xubuntu 22.10 带来了一些令人兴奋的升级。一些亮点包括： -- **Xfce 4.16（或 Xfce 4.17 开发版）** -- **鲶鱼外观更新。** -- **新图标刷新和弃用的基础的 xfce 黑色主题。** -- **Mousepad搜索历史.** -- **Thundar 文件管理器的改进.** -- **Xfce 任务管理器.** +- Xfce 4.16（或 Xfce 4.17 开发版） +- Catfish 的外观进行了更新。 +- 更新了新图标，弃用了 elementary-xfce-darker 主题。 +- Mousepad 搜索历史。 +- Thundar 文件管理器的改进。 +- Xfce 任务管理器。 -> 💡Xubuntu 22.10 将支持九个月，直到2023 年 7 月。如果您想要稳定性而不是功能，您应该更喜欢使用 [LTS 版本][3]. +> 💡 Xubuntu 22.10 将支持九个月，直到 **2023 年 7 月**。如果你想要稳定性而不是功能，你应该首选使用 [LTS 版本][3]。 -#### XFCE 4.17 开发版还是 XFCE 4.16？ +#### Xfce 4.17 开发版还是 Xfce 4.16？ -Xubuntu 22.10 的发行说明说它具有 Xfce 4.17 开发版本。 +Xubuntu 22.10 的发行说明说它专门提供了 Xfce 4.17 开发版本。 但是，当我安装 Xubuntu 22.10 的 beta 版本（并将其更新到最新版本）时，只具有 Xfce 4.16。 @@ -49,29 +49,29 @@ Xubuntu 22.10 的发行说明说它具有 Xfce 4.17 开发版本。 ![xubuntu catfish][5] -Catfish 是 Xubuntu 上的一个文件搜索工具。通过新的升级，它具有焕然一新的外观，并调整了引擎。 +Catfish 是 Xubuntu 上的一个文件搜索工具。通过新的升级，它具有焕然一新的外观，并做了底层的改进。 -与您搜索的文件交互时，您还会获得一个“打开方式”上下文菜单。 +与你搜索的文件交互时，你还会获得一个“打开方式”上下文菜单。 ![][6] -catfish 是一个非常微妙但有价值的功能添加。 +Catfish 还添加了一些细微而有用的功能。 -#### GNOME 43 软件 +#### GNOME 43 软件应用 在值得注意的应用程序更新中，GNOME 的最新软件中心是一个不错的选择。这是 Xubuntu 22.10 的外观： ![][7] -当然，它可能无法让您与 Xfce 上的其他应用程序保持一致，但我认为您应该不会介意。 +当然，它可能无法与 Xfce 上的其他应用程序保持一致，但我认为你应该不会介意。 #### 图标更新 -随着基础的xfce 0.17 图标更新，有许多新图标和更简洁的选项可提供一致的Xubuntu 桌面体验。 +随着 elementary-xfce 0.17 图标更新，有许多新图标和更简洁的选项，可提供一致的 Xubuntu 桌面体验。 ![][8] -此外，基础的xfce黑色主题图标包已被弃用。 +此外，elementary-xfce-darkest 主题图标包已被弃用。 ![][9] @@ -79,31 +79,31 @@ catfish 是一个非常微妙但有价值的功能添加。 ![][10] -您现在可以将完整的进程路径复制到剪贴板。这对于在需要时从命令行进行故障排除或停止操作很有用。 +你现在可以将完整的进程路径复制到剪贴板。这对于需要从命令行进行故障排除或停止操作很有用。 + ### 其他增强功能 ![][11] 还有其他几个值得注意的变化，包括： -- **Linux 内核 5.19** -- **火狐浏览器 105。** -- **Alt-Tab 视图通过更突出的图标进行了改进。** -- **马赛克拼图添加到 SGT 拼图系列。** -- **马赛克拼图添加到 SGT 拼图系列。** -- **Mousepad文本编辑器现在包括搜索历史记录和更多调整。** +- Linux 内核 5.19。 +- Firefox 浏览器 105。 +- `Alt-Tab` 视图通过更突出的图标进行了改进。 +- 马赛克拼图添加到 SGT 拼图系列。 +- Mousepad 文本编辑器现在包括搜索历史记录，以及更多调整。 -要了解有关更改的更多信息，请查看[官方发行说明][12]。 +要了解有关更改的更多信息，请查看 [官方发行说明][12]。 -### 下载Xubuntu 22.10 +### 下载 Xubuntu 22.10 -你可以下载最新的ISO文件从[Ubuntu 的中央映像存储库][13]或它的[官方网站][14]. +你可以从 [Ubuntu 的中央镜像库][13] 或它的 [官方网站][14] 下载最新的 ISO 文件。 官方网站可能需要一段时间才能提供 ISO。 -[下载Xubuntu 22.10][14] +> **[下载Xubuntu 22.10][14]** -💬 您如何看待 Xubuntu 22.10？在评论中让我知道你的想法。 +💬 你觉得 Xubuntu 22.10 如何？请在评论中告诉我。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/xubuntu-22-10-release/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[littlebirdnest](https://github.com/littlebirdnest) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From eec3f2ab0b06f044ab6624f2b6462c4cd7007815 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 16:09:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 16/76] P @littlebirdnest https://linux.cn/article-15188-1.html --- ...tu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md (98%) diff --git a/translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md b/published/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md similarity index 98% rename from translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md rename to published/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md index d0aeba7f63..3892e9babd 100644 --- a/translated/news/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md +++ b/published/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "littlebirdnest" [#]: reviewer: "wxy" -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15188-1.html" Xubuntu 22.10 的新变化 ====== From 4963831515dea8aa8225fae991696d89f344839e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 16:34:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 17/76] RP @chai001125 https://linux.cn/article-15189-1.html --- ... base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md | 57 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md (64%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md b/published/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md similarity index 64% rename from translated/tech/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md rename to published/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md index 2418e538f9..c69b31a88a 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md +++ b/published/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md @@ -3,23 +3,24 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "chai001125" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15189-1.html" 通过示例来学习 Bash base64 的编码和解码 ====== -你想了解 Base64 编码和解码的方法吗？在本教程中，我们使用 bash shell 脚本和各种示例解释了 Base64 编码和解码步骤。 -![][1] +> 你想了解 Base64 编码和解码的方法吗？在本教程中，我们使用 Bash shell 脚本和各种示例解释了 Base64 编码和解码步骤。 -Base64 编码方法通过将二进制数据转换为文本，如此编码数据可以在任何通信媒体进行传输。这种编码方法主要用于电子邮件加密的过程。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202210/29/163350mde5lll86j6lspln.jpg) -总体而言，Base64 编码方法是一种二进制到文本的编码方案，以 ASCII 字符串格式表示 8 字节的二进制数据。使用这种编码方法在各种媒介之间传输数据时有几个优势，尤其是对于那些能可靠支持文本内容的媒介。因此，Base64 编码方法在万维网上被广泛使用。这种编码方案最常用于电子邮件附件的编码上。 +Base64 编码方法可以将二进制数据转换为文本，如此编码数据可以在任何通信媒介进行传输。这种编码方法主要用于电子邮件加密的过程。 -根据 Base64 编码表，二进制数据可以经 Base64 编码后可以转换为 64 个不同的 ASCII 字符，包含大写字母 A 到 Z，小写字母 a 到 Z，数字 0 到 9 ，以及符号 + 和 /，这些字符在传输和打印上十分便捷。 +总体而言，Base64 编码方法是一种二进制到文本的编码方案，以 ASCII 字符串格式表示 8 字节的二进制数据。使用这种编码方法在各种媒介之间传输数据时有几个优势，尤其是对于那些能可靠地支持文本内容的媒介。因此，Base64 编码方法在万维网上被广泛使用。这种编码方案最常用于电子邮件附件的编码上。 -这 64 个 ASCII 字符代表着从 `000000` 到 `111111` 的二进制值。每个非末尾的 Base64 编码后的 ASCII 字符恰好代表 6 位二进制值。 +根据 Base64 编码表，二进制数据可以经 Base64 编码后可以转换为 64 个不同的 ASCII 字符，包含大写字母 `A` 到 `Z`，小写字母 `a` 到 `z`，数字 `0` 到 `9`，以及符号 `+` 和 `/`，这些字符在传输和打印上十分便捷。 + +这 64 个 ASCII 字符代表着从 `000000` 到 `111111` 的二进制值。每个非末尾的 Base64 编码字符恰好代表 6 位二进制值。 ![Base64 Index Table][2] @@ -33,21 +34,21 @@ Base64 编码方法通过将二进制数据转换为文本，如此编码数据 base64 [OPTIONs] [INFILE] [OUTFILE] ``` -选项（Option）：参照下面的表格，你可以提供任何的选项或组合多个选项。 -输入（INFILE）：你可以从标准输入（如命令行）或文件中输入。 -输出（OUTFILE）：你可以将输出重定向到标准输出，如终端或文件中。 +- 选项（`Option`）：参照下面的表格，你可以提供任何的选项或组合多个选项。 +- 输入（`INFILE`）：你可以从标准输入（如命令行）或文件中输入。 +- 输出（`OUTFILE`）：你可以将输出重定向到标准输出，如终端或文件中。 | 选项 | 描述 | | :- | :- | -| -e 或者 –encode | 此选项用于对标准输入的数据或从文件中读入的数据进行编码。这是默认选项。 | -| -d 或者 –decode | 此选项用于对标准输入的数据或从文件中读入的已 base64 编码数据进行解码。 | -| -n 或者 –noerrcheck | 默认情况下，base64 在解码数据时，会自动检查是否有错误。你可以使用 –n 或 –noerrcheck 选项，在解码时忽略检查。 | -| -i, –ignore-garbage | 此选项用于在解码时忽略非字母字符。 | -| -u 或者 –help | 此选项用于获取有关使用此命令的信息。 | +| `-e` 或者 `--encode` | 此选项用于对标准输入的数据或从文件中读入的数据进行编码。这是默认选项。 | +| `-d` 或者 `--decode` | 此选项用于对标准输入的数据或从文件中读入的已 Base64 编码数据进行解码。 | +| `-n` 或者 `--noerrcheck` | 默认情况下，Base64 在解码数据时，会自动检查是否有错误。你可以使用该选项在解码时忽略检查。 | +| `-i` 或 `--ignore-garbage` | 此选项用于在解码时忽略非字母字符。 | +| `-u` 或者 `--help` | 此选项用于获取有关使用此命令的信息。 | #### 示例 1：基本编码 -在 Linux 中，默认已安装好 base64 软件包。因此，你可以轻松地从命令行使用 base64。要对一个字符串或文本进行编码，你可以通过管道将其传递到命令行，并获取待编码的文本。在下面的示例中，对字符串 debugpoint.com 进行了 base64 编码。 +在 Linux 中，默认已安装好 Base64 软件包。因此，你可以轻松地从命令行使用 Base64。要对一个字符串或文本进行编码，你可以通过管道将其传递到 `base64` 命令，并获取待编码的文本。在下面的示例中，对字符串 `debugpoint.com` 进行了 Base64 编码。 ``` echo "debugpoint.com" | base64 @@ -55,21 +56,21 @@ echo "debugpoint.com" | base64 ![bash base64 encode and decode - example 1][3] -结果是经过 base64 编码后的字符串。 +结果是经过 Base64 编码后的字符串。 #### 解释 Base64 编码方法使用下面的几个步骤来转换输入的数据。首先，每个输入字符转换为 8 位二进制值，接着，二进制字符串拆分为一组组 6 位的二进制值，然后，每个 6 位的二进制值被转换为十进制值。 -最后，每个十进制值都通过 base64 编码索引表转换为 base64 字符。 +最后，每个十进制值都通过 Base64 编码索引表转换为 Base64 字符。 -在上面的示例中，第一个字符 `d` 被转换为二进制 `01100100`。前 6 位是 `011001`，转换为十进制是 `25`。`25` 在 base64 编码索引表中对应着 `Z`。整个输入的文本流都像如此编码。请参阅以下编码过程的示例。 +在上面的示例中，第一个字符 `d` 被转换为二进制 `01100100`。前 6 位是 `011001`，转换为十进制是 `25`。`25` 在 Base64 编码索引表中对应着 `Z`。整个输入的文本流都像如此编码。请参阅以下编码过程的示例。 ![Base64 Encode and Decode – inner working][4] #### 示例 2：基本解码 -要解码字符串，需要将编码值传递给 base64，选项为 `--decode`，它将输出你之前输入的字符串。 +要解码字符串，需要将编码值传递给 `base64` 命令，选项为 `--decode`，它将输出你之前输入的字符串。 ![bash base64 encode and decode - example 2 (decode the same example)][5] @@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ base64 example3.txt > example3-encoded.txt #### 示例 4：对文本文件进行解码 -要解码使用 base64 编码的文本文件，只需使用 `--decode` 或 `-d` 选项，并传递文本文件名。 +要解码使用 Base64 编码的文本文件，只需使用 `--decode` 或 `-d` 选项，并传递文本文件名。 ``` base64 -d example3-encoded.txt @@ -93,9 +94,9 @@ base64 -d example3-encoded.txt #### 示例 5：对用户输入的数据进行编码 -使用 bash shell 编程，你可以通过终端接收用户的输入，并对其进行 base64 编码。你需要先编写一个简单的 shell 脚本，并在授予可执行权限后执行。 +使用 Bash shell 编程，你可以通过终端接收用户的输入，并对其进行 Base64 编码。你需要先编写一个简单的 shell 脚本，并在授予可执行权限后执行。 -以下就是一个简单的示例，它从用户那里获得输入，然后进行 base64 编码，最终显示编码的字符串。 +以下就是一个简单的示例，它从用户那里获得输入，然后进行 Base64 编码，最终显示编码的字符串。 ``` #!/bin/bash @@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ echo "The Base64 Encoded text is: $output_text" ![Custom input - base64 encode and decode using script][7] -#### 示例 6：用 base64 进行简单的身份认证 +#### 示例 6：用 Base64 进行简单的身份认证 你可以运用上述的编码和解码方法，实现一个简单的身份验证系统。你可以让用户输入密码或密码，然后将密码存储在文件中。或者进行实时比较。 @@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ fi ![A Simple Authentication using bash base64][8] -### 结论 +### 总结 我希望你能通过这些示例，学会 [Base64][9] 编码和解码的基础知识。此外，你也了解到 Base64 的内部编码方式。如果这对你很有帮助，或你还需要有关此主题的其他教程，请在下面的评论区中告诉我吧。 @@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/bash-base64-encode-decode/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[chai001125](https://github.com/chai001125) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 8b78f5656a8e5b6e734269052eb46021ab121a04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 17:19:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 18/76] RP MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @chai001125 https://linux.cn/article-15190-1.html 贡献您，成为了三星贡献者！感谢您一直以来的持续贡献！ --- ... Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md | 123 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md (53%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md b/published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md similarity index 53% rename from translated/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md rename to published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md index f6ae8d0d13..a257aa28d7 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md +++ b/published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md @@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ [#]: author: "Sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "chai001125" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15190-1.html" 打造万圣节 Linux 桌面 - ====== 马上就到万圣节了，太棒啦！ @@ -19,69 +18,71 @@ 可定制是 Linux 的一大优势，对 Linux 可进行的定制是多种多样且没有尽头的。之前，我们向你展示过 [如何让你的 Linux 看起来像 macOS][2] 的方法。今天，我将继续分享一些定制“万圣节”Linux 桌面的技巧。 -可以通过主题、图标、扩展、字体、conky 等一系列配置组合起来，来实现 Linux 桌面的定制。**_虽然，你可以在任何的 Linux 发行版和桌面环境中配置这些东西，但是仅在一个教程中展示所有 Linux 发行版和桌面环境的桌面定制方法，是不太可行的。_** +可以通过主题、图标、扩展、字体、Conky 等一系列配置组合起来，来实现 Linux 桌面的定制。_虽然，你可以在任何的 Linux 发行版和桌面环境中配置这些东西，但是仅在一个教程中展示所有 Linux 发行版和桌面环境的桌面定制方法，是不太可行的。_ 因此，在本文中，我将介绍 Ubuntu 与 GNOME 桌面环境的桌面定制方法。 -### 安装所有工具 +### 安装所需工具 你需要一些软件包和工具。在开始定制桌面前，请确保你安装了全部（或大多数）的软件包和工具。 -_你不必做出**所有**的桌面改变。但你做的越多，你的桌面也会美化得更好看。_ +_你不必做**所有**这些桌面改变。但你做的越多，你的桌面也会美化得更好看。_ -**安装 GNOME Tweaks 和 GMOME Extension Manager** +#### 安装 GNOME 优化工具和 GMOME 扩展管理器 -使用以下命令，来安装 GNOME Tweaks 工具和 GMOME 扩展管理器： +使用以下命令，来安装 GNOME 优化Tweaks 工具和 GMOME 扩展管理器Extensions manager： ``` -`sudo apt install gnome-tweaks gnome-extension-manager` +sudo apt install gnome-tweaks gnome-extension-manager ``` -在基于 KDE 的 Linux 系统中，没有可以更改 Linux 桌面外观的 Tweaks 工具。但是，你可以使用 Kvantum-Manager 这一应用程序来更改外观，请参考我在 [KDE 主题指南][3] 中的讨论。 +在基于 KDE 的 Linux 系统中，没有可以更改 Linux 桌面外观的优化工具。但是，你可以使用 Kvantum-Manager 这一应用程序来更改外观，请参考我在 [KDE 主题指南][3] 中的讨论。 -**安装 Conky（可选）** +#### 安装 Conky（可选） -你可以选择是否要安装 Conky ，因为现在管理 Conky 的项目已经不再维护了，因此继续使用 Conky 可能会有点棘手。但无论如何，我们用它来增加万圣节外观的感觉。 +你可以选择是否要安装 Conky ，因为现在 conky-manager 项目已经不再维护了，因此继续使用 Conky 可能会有点棘手。但无论如何，我们用它来增加万圣节外观的感觉。 ``` -`sudo apt install conky-all` +sudo apt install conky-all ``` -**安装 Neofetch 或者 shell color scripts** +#### 安装 Neofetch 或者 Shell-color 脚本 -这个步骤也可以由你自主选择。你可以选择使用 [neofetch][4]，因为 neofetch 工具已经在 Ubuntu 仓库中了，你可以直接通过 `apt install` 安装，并且 neofetch 使用起来也很简单。 +这个步骤也可以由你自主选择。你可以选择使用 [neofetch][4]，因为 `neofetch` 工具已经在 Ubuntu 仓库中了，你可以直接通过 `apt install` 安装，并且 `neofetch` 使用起来也很简单。 ``` -`sudo apt install neofetch` +sudo apt install neofetch ``` -[Shell-color scripts][5] 是另一个不错的选择。在 Arch 用户仓库（AUR）中有该软件包，Arch Linux 用户可以从 AUR 安装 Shell-color scripts。而在 Ubuntu 中，你则需要手动安装它。 +[Shell-color 脚本][5] 是另一个不错的选择。在 Arch 用户仓库（AUR）中有该软件包，Arch Linux 用户可以从 AUR 安装 Shell-color 脚本。而在 Ubuntu 中，你则需要手动安装它。 ``` -`git clone https://gitlab.com/dwt1/shell-color-scripts.git cd shell-color-scripts sudo make install` +git clone https://gitlab.com/dwt1/shell-color-scripts.git +cd shell-color-scripts +sudo make install ``` -**安装主题、图标、字体和壁纸工具** +#### 安装主题、图标、字体和壁纸工具 -我正在使用的是 [Sweet][6] 主题工具、[Beautiline][7] 图标软件包、[simple1e][8] 光标工具和 [灰色极简主义(Grey-Minimalistic)][9] conky 主题，下载好这些工具后，再解压包。你还要下载 [Creepster][10] 字体。 +我正在使用的是 [Sweet][6] 主题工具、[Beautiline][7] 图标软件包、[simple1e][8] 光标工具和 [Grey-Minimalistic][9] Conky 主题，下载好这些工具后，再解压包。你还要下载 [Creepster][10] 字体。 最后，从互联网上下载一张 [万圣节幽灵氛围的壁纸][11]。 -请注意！你即将要进行大量的定制和更改。要恢复到原来普通的外观，你可以通过撤销你所做的所有更改。一个更简单的方法是：创建一个管理员权限的新用户，并使用该新用户进行所有这些更改。这样，你的原始用户帐户和外观就不会受到影响。在万圣节结束后，你可以删除这个新增的用户。 +> 请注意！你即将要进行大量的定制和更改。要恢复到原来普通的外观，你可以通过撤销你所做的所有更改。一个更简单的方法是：创建一个管理员权限的新用户，并使用该新用户进行所有这些更改。这样，你的原始用户帐户和外观就不会受到影响。在万圣节结束后，你可以删除这个新增的用户。 现在，你有了所有定制桌面的工具和资源，是时候使用它们了！ ### 安装并使用扩展 -打开 gnome-extensions 应用程序。在 Ubuntu 22.04 中，你可以在浏览菜单（Browse）下安装扩展。 +打开 gnome-extensions 应用程序。在 Ubuntu 22.04 中，你可以在浏览Browse菜单下安装扩展。 ![install gnome shell extensions user themes blur my shell and dash to dock][12] -在其他版本的 Ubuntu 和其他带有 GNOME 的发行版上，你可以通过浏览器上 [安装 shell 扩展][13]，来安装扩展。为了实现打造万圣节桌面的目的，请安装以下扩展程序： +在其他版本的 Ubuntu 和其他带有 GNOME 的发行版上，你可以通过浏览器 [安装 shell 扩展][13]，来安装扩展。为了实现打造万圣节桌面的目的，请安装以下扩展程序： -- [用户主题（User Themes）][14] -- [Dash 到程序坞（Dash to Dock）][15] -- [模糊我的 shell（Blur my Shell）][16] +- [User Themes][14] +- [Dash to Dock][15] +- [Blur my Shell][16] 此外，请确保所有的扩展都已启用。 @@ -89,35 +90,35 @@ _你不必做出**所有**的桌面改变。但你做的越多，你的桌面也 你需要将解压的主题文件夹复制，并粘贴到 `~/.themes` 目录下，将解压的图标和光标文件夹复制，并粘贴到 `~/.icons` 目录下。 -接下来，打开 GNOME Tweaks，并应用主题、图标和字体等设置，如下的截图所示。 +接下来，打开 GNOME 优化Tweaks 工具，并应用主题、图标和字体等设置，如下的截图所示。 ![set themes with gnome tweaks][17] -要[在 Ubuntu 中使用自定义字体][18]，请右键单击你下载和解压的字体文件，然后选择使用字体管理器（Font manager）打开。我打算使用的是 [Creepster][10] 字体。 +要 [在 Ubuntu 中使用自定义字体][18]，请右键单击你下载和解压的字体文件，然后选择使用字体管理器Font manager打开。我打算使用的是 [Creepster][10] 字体。 ![right click on font file and select open with fonts][19] -然后，点击右上角的安装（Install）按钮。 +然后，点击右上角的安装Install按钮。 ![install font using font manager application][20] -请注意：在某些系统中，点击安装按钮不会显示“已安装（installed）”的提示。在这种情况下，你只需关闭界面就行了，因为一旦你点击了安装按钮，该字体就已经安装上了。 +请注意：在某些系统中，点击安装按钮不会显示“已安装installed”的提示。在这种情况下，你只需关闭界面就行了，因为一旦你点击了安装按钮，该字体就已经安装上了。 -再重新打开 GNOME Tweaks，然后前往字体（Fonts）边栏，在这里，你可以更改各个文件类型的字体，如下图所示。 +再重新打开 GNOME 优化Tweaks 工具，然后前往字体Fonts边栏，在这里，你可以更改各个文件类型的字体，如下图所示。 ![change system fonts using gnome tweaks][21] -请注意，对于终端，需要单空格的字体。在这里，我使用了普通的字体，这里可能会让你稍稍有点迷失。 +请注意，对于终端，需要等宽字体。在这里，我使用了普通字体，这里可能会让你稍稍有点迷失。 ### 应用 Dash to Dock 扩展设置 -首先，你要使用 GNOME 扩展应用程序（GNOME Extensions application），来**关闭 Ubuntu Dock 扩展**（turn off the Ubuntu Dock extension）。 +首先，你要使用 GNOME 扩展应用程序，来**关闭 Ubuntu Dock 扩展**。 ![Disable Ubuntu Dock][22] -如果 Dash to 程序坞扩展（Dash to Dock extension）还尚未运行的话，请先运行它。 +如果 Dash to Dock 扩展还尚未运行的话，请先运行它。 -然后，右键单击在底部显示的 Dash to Dock 按钮，然后选择 Dash to Dock Settings。 +然后，右键单击在底部显示的 “Dash to Dock” 按钮，然后选择 “Dash to Dock Settings”。 ![select dash to dock settings][23] @@ -129,21 +130,21 @@ _你不必做出**所有**的桌面改变。但你做的越多，你的桌面也 之后，你需要减少程序坞的不透明度，我更喜欢完全透明的程序坞。 -所以，我将不透明度设置为**固定**（fixed），并使用滑块将其降至零，如下图所示。 +所以，我将不透明度设置为 固定fixed，并使用滑块将其降至零，如下图所示。 ![opacity setting for dash to dock][25] -### GNOME 终端（GNOME terminal）设置 +### GNOME 终端的设置 -你想得到的 Linux 桌面的主要变化是自定义**模糊且有一定透明度**的 neofetch 外观（或 shell color script 外观）。 +你想得到的 Linux 桌面的主要变化是自定义**模糊且有一定透明度**的 `neofetch` 外观（或 shell-color 脚本外观）。 -我们之前在 GNOME Tweaks 中应用单空格字体时，因此 GNOME 终端中的字体也会被更改。 +我们之前在 GNOME 优化Tweaks 工具中应用了等宽字体，因此 GNOME 终端中的字体也会被更改。 -首先，从**偏好设置**中创建一个新的配置文件。 +首先，从 偏好设置preferences 中创建一个新的配置文件。 ![select preferences from hamburger menu][26] -单击 `+` ，来创建一个新配置文件。输入文件的名称，并点击**创建**（create），如下所示： +单击 `+` ，来创建一个新配置文件。输入文件的名称，并点击 创建create，如下所示： ![create new profile in gnome terminal][27] @@ -151,17 +152,17 @@ _你不必做出**所有**的桌面改变。但你做的越多，你的桌面也 ![set transperancy to gnome terminal][28] -完成后，要将此配置文件设置为默认的配置文件，单击与新配置文件关联的三角形按钮，然后选择**设置为默认**（Set as Default）。 +完成后，要将此配置文件设置为默认的配置文件，单击与新配置文件关联的三角形按钮，然后选择 “设置为默认Set as Default”。 ![set new profile as default in gnome terminal][29] #### 设置模糊效果 -上述的步骤只会将终端变成一个透明的外壳。但是，如果你还需要有利于提高可见性的模糊效果，你需要进入到 Blur my Shell 扩展进行设置。 +上述的步骤只会将终端变成一个透明的 shell。但是，如果你还需要有利于提高可见性的模糊效果，你需要进入到 “Blur my Shell” 扩展进行设置。 ![blur my shell extension settings][30] -首先，进入到**应用程序**（Application）菜单。现在，确保终端已打开，并置于屏幕明显的位置。单击**添加**（Add）窗口，然后选择 gnome 终端窗口，以设置模糊效果。请注意：此功能还处于测试阶段，因此可能会出现一些小故障。 +首先，进入到 应用程序Application 菜单。现在，确保终端已打开，并置于屏幕明显的位置。单击 添加Add 窗口，然后选择 GNOME 终端窗口，以设置模糊效果。请注意：此功能还处于测试阶段，因此可能会出现一些小故障。 ![applying blur effect to selected windows][31] @@ -169,53 +170,53 @@ _你不必做出**所有**的桌面改变。但你做的越多，你的桌面也 #### 定制 Neofetch -Neofetch 的最佳功能之一是其可定制性。你可以用 Neofetch 中的多种方法，来调整外观。为了更有万圣节氛围，我选择了一个南瓜图像，来代替发行版的 logo。 +Neofetch 的最佳功能之一是其可定制性。你可以使用多种方法来调整 Neofetch 的外观。为了更有万圣节氛围，我选择了一个南瓜图像，来代替发行版的徽标。 Neofetch 提供以各种格式添加自定义图像的功能。为此，也有各种供支持的后端。在这里，我使用 jp2a 后端，它将使用 [转换成 ASCII 的图片][32]。 ``` -`neofetch --jp2a /path/to/your/image/file.png` +neofetch --jp2a /path/to/your/image/file.png ``` ![neofetch with custom backend][33] -上述命令将创建一个带有自定义图片的 Neofetch 实例。你可以将此命令写入你的 .bashrc 文件，以便永久放置该图片。 +上述命令将创建一个带有自定义图片的 Neofetch 实例。你可以将此命令写入你的 `.bashrc` 文件，以便永久放置该图片。 -_**不幸的是，这在我的 Wayland 实例上并不起作用。**_ +_不幸的是，这在我的 Wayland 实例上并不起作用。_ -#### 自定义 Shell Color Scripts +#### 自定义 Shell-Color 脚本 -如果你安装的是 Shell Color Scripts 工具，则会有多种 shell 脚本。要列出可用的脚本，请使用命令： +如果你安装的是 Shell Color 脚本工具，则会有多种 shell 脚本。要列出可用的脚本，请使用命令： ``` -``colorscript -l`` +colorscript -l ``` ![ghosts shell color script][34] -你可以通过将 `colorscript random` 写入你的 .bashrc 文件，以每次都获得一个随机的颜色脚本，或者通过将`colorscript -e `写入你的 .bashrc 文件，来得到一个特定的颜色脚本。 +你可以通过将 `colorscript random` 写入你的 `.bashrc` 文件，以每次都获得一个随机的颜色脚本，或者通过将`colorscript -e `写入你的 `.bashrc` 文件，来得到一个特定的颜色脚本。 ### 设置 Conky -我使用的是 Deviantart 的 [灰色极简主义（Grey-Minimalistic）][9] conky 主题。conky 主题的每种类型都有不同的安装方法。因此，如果你想要使用另一个 conky 文件的话，请遵循它的 README 文件中描述的设置方法，进行设置。 +我使用的是 Deviantart 的 [Grey-Minimalistic][9] conky 主题。Conky 主题的每种类型都有不同的安装方法。因此，如果你想要使用另一个 Conky 文件的话，请遵循它的 `README` 文件中描述的设置方法，进行设置。 -解压 conky 主题文件，里面有几个文件夹。首先，你需要安装关联的图标和字体，也就是说，使用字体管理器（font-manager）安装给定的字体。接着，将图标文件夹拷贝，并粘贴到 ~/.icons 文件夹。 +解压 Conky 主题文件，里面有几个文件夹。首先，你需要安装关联的图标和字体，也就是说，使用 字体管理器font-manager 安装给定的字体。接着，将图标文件夹拷贝，并粘贴到 `~/.icons` 文件夹。 ![copy and paste conky files to home directory][35] -然后，进入 conky 文件夹。确保你已 [启用查看隐藏文件][36]，将 `.conkyrc` 文件和 `.conky-vision-icons` 文件复制到你的 home 目录，如上图所示。 +然后，进入 Conky 文件夹。确保你已 [启用查看隐藏文件][36]，将 `.conkyrc` 文件和 `.conky-vision-icons` 文件复制到你的主目录，如上图所示。 -现在，启动conky，看起来就变成下图这样了。 +现在，启动 Conky，看起来就变成下图这样了。 ![conky theme applied][37] -将 conky 添加到 [自启动应用程序列表][38] 中，以便在每次开机时都能自启动。 +将 Conky 添加到 [自启动应用程序列表][38] 中，以便在每次开机时都能自启动。 ![add conky to the list of startup applications][39] ### 更改壁纸 -你快要完成啦。你现在唯一需要做的就是 [更改背景壁纸][40]。我相信你之前已经下载好了有万圣节幽灵气氛的壁纸，右键设置为壁纸（Set as Wallpaper）就好啦。 +快要完成啦。你现在唯一需要做的就是 [更改背景壁纸][40]。我相信你之前已经下载好了有万圣节幽灵气氛的壁纸，右键 “设置为壁纸Set as Wallpaper” 就好啦。 ![set image as wallpaper from nautilus][41] @@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ _**不幸的是，这在我的 Wayland 实例上并不起作用。**_ ![ubuntu halloween theme final look][42] -这个桌面对于万圣节来说够吓人了吗？你是怎么觉得的呢？在评论区中告诉我吧。 +这个桌面对于万圣节来说够吓人了吗？你觉得怎么样？在评论区中告诉我吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/linux-halloween-makeover/ 作者：[Sreenath][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[chai001125](https://github.com/chai001125) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 49562b1acb529978a9d550f57932923e7f8ada94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 29 Oct 2022 17:24:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 19/76] R --- ...018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md b/published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md index a257aa28d7..cd8a41894f 100644 --- a/published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md +++ b/published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ _你不必做**所有**这些桌面改变。但你做的越多，你的桌面也 #### 安装 GNOME 优化工具和 GMOME 扩展管理器 -使用以下命令，来安装 GNOME 优化Tweaks 工具和 GMOME 扩展管理器Extensions manager： +使用以下命令，来安装 GNOME 优化Tweaks 工具和 GMOME 扩展管理器Extensions manager： ``` sudo apt install gnome-tweaks gnome-extension-manager @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ sudo make install ### 安装并使用扩展 -打开 gnome-extensions 应用程序。在 Ubuntu 22.04 中，你可以在浏览Browse菜单下安装扩展。 +打开 GMOME 扩展管理器Extensions manager。在 Ubuntu 22.04 中，你可以在浏览Browse菜单下安装扩展。 ![install gnome shell extensions user themes blur my shell and dash to dock][12] From 1d13fede3be34b77168ca2a6c3b284030c9492da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:34:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 20/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221024.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Give?= =?UTF-8?q?=20your=20Terminal=20a=20Retro=20Look=20Using=20this=20Neat=20A?= =?UTF-8?q?pplication.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...rminal a Retro Look Using this Neat Application.md | 115 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 115 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️⭐️ Give your Terminal a Retro Look Using this Neat Application.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️⭐️ Give your Terminal a Retro Look Using this Neat Application.md b/sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️⭐️ Give your Terminal a Retro Look Using this Neat Application.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..368c395c73 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️⭐️ Give your Terminal a Retro Look Using this Neat Application.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +[#]: subject: "Give your Terminal a Retro Look Using this Neat Application" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/cool-retro-terminal/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Give your Terminal a Retro Look Using this Neat Application +====== + +**Want to give your Terminal a retro look? This guide contains instructions to help you to install Cool Retro Terminal application in all Linux distributions.** + +![Cool Retro Terminal][1] + +Cool Retro Terminal + +Have you ever wondered how you can mimic the look of those old CRT monitors displayed in your Linux terminal? + +Those CRT screens have their own fan base. Like the Apple 2 or the IBM 3278 terminals – they are really cool looking if you compare them to today’s 4K monitor displays. I am not saying 4K is bad, but sometimes legacy displays remind us of those bygone days. Enough of these ramblings. Let’s get started installing the app. + +### Cool Retro Term + +The application is free and open-sourced. And it is called [cool-retro-term][2]. It is lightweight and has many customization options with pre-set profiles, such as Apple 2, etc. It also gives you those static noises and scan-lines effects in your terminal. Cool, isn’t it? + +It is built in Qt and requires Qt 5.2 and higher. If you are using the latest Linux distributions, you should be good in terms of dependencies. + +![Green Scanlines Theme][3] + +Green Scanlines Theme + +### How to Download and Install Cool Retro Terminal + +#### Ubuntu, Linux Mint and other Debian-based distributions + +The following simple command will install this application in your Ubuntu and other related distributions. + +``` +sudo apt install cool-retro-term +``` + +#### Arch Linux + +This package is available in Arch User Repository AUR. If you do not have AUR enabled, enable it using [this guide][4] and then use the following commands to install it. + +``` +pacman -S cool-retro-term +``` + +#### Fedora, RHEL and other related distributions + +For Fedora and other related Linux, use the following command to install this app. + +``` +sudo dnf install cool-retro-term +``` + +#### Appimage + +A self-contained executable as AppImage is also available, which you can just download and run. No installation is required. Follow the below commands to do that. + +``` +wget https://github.com/Swordfish90/cool-retro-term/releases/download/1.1.1/Cool-Retro-Term-1.1.1-x86_64.AppImage +chmod a+x Cool-Retro-Term-1.1.1-x86_64.AppImage +./Cool-Retro-Term-1.1.1-x86_64.AppImage +``` + +Note: Version 1.2.0 onwards there are no AppImage build in the GitHub. + +### Configurations + +After the installation is finished, you can find the terminal application “Cool Retro Term” in the application menu. So, launch the application and enjoy. + +Remember, this is not overriding your default console/terminal application in your Linux distributions. It is a stand-alone console application. + +The configuration options are available via the Right Click context menu. + +The context menu gives you the following pre-sets. You can then configure each of them for colour, and appearance settings via the settings window. For example, if you want more transparency, contrast or more noise, ambient light or flickering – all of them can be configured from the below settings window via several options. + +And easily you can make your own theme. + +![Pre-loaded Themes in Cool Retro Term][5] + +Pre-loaded Themes in Cool Retro Term + +![Various Effects in Settings][6] + +Various Effects in Settings + +### Summary + +Cool Retro Terminal is an old tube-style terminal for Linux desktops that allows you to experience it as if you are sitting in front of a retro terminal. You may or may not like it, and one hardly uses it for a daily driver. But still, a nice-looking terminal to experience from time to time to get away from the mundane terminal. + +Do you like the retro look? What is your favourite theme? Let me know in the comment section below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/cool-retro-terminal/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/cool-retro-terminal-1024x576.jpg +[2]: https://github.com/Swordfish90/cool-retro-term +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Green-Scanlines-Theme-1024x594.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-yay-arch/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pre-loaded-Themes-in-Cool-Retro-Term-1024x599.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Various-Effects-in-Settings.jpg From 9b2163d149a5b6408ead881137380042879ebd69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:36:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 21/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221024.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20Check=20CPU?= =?UTF-8?q?=20and=20HDD=20Temperature=20in=20Ubuntu=20and=20Other=20Linux.?= =?UTF-8?q?md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...d HDD Temperature in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md | 119 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 119 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️ How to Check CPU and HDD Temperature in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️ How to Check CPU and HDD Temperature in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️ How to Check CPU and HDD Temperature in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f431d04ade --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️ How to Check CPU and HDD Temperature in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Check CPU and HDD Temperature in Ubuntu and Other Linux" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/cpu-hdd-temperature-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Check CPU and HDD Temperature in Ubuntu and Other Linux +====== + +**Wondering how you can check the CPU and HDD temperature in Ubuntu and other Linux on your desktop or laptop? Here’s a quick guide.** + +You do not actually require checking CPU or HDD temperature if you are an average user. But, if you are using very older hardware or a thin one, you may run into an overheating problem. Because these thin ones are tightly coupled together inside, and no matter how much heat transfer mechanism is implemented, it heats up. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the temperature of the hardware. However, modern Linux distributions are well capable of handling overheating situations via software sensors. + +### Steps for monitoring CPU and HDD temperature on Ubuntu + +#### Using terminal + +We are going to use a couple of packages to achieve the same. Open a terminal in your Ubuntu-based system and install the following. + +``` +sudo apt install hddtemp +sudo apt install lm-sensors +``` + +The [hddtemp][1] utility gives you the temperature of your optical hard disk drive as well as SSD (as per my test). And the [lm-sensors][2] package gives you temperature details from the CPUs and other sensors accessed via PCI ports. + +After installation, run the following from the terminal. You need to know your disk identifier for this – for example `/dev/sda` or `/dev/sdb`, etc. + +To find out the disk identifiers, you can use `fdisk`. + +``` +sudo fdisk -l +``` + +Then run below to check the HDD or SSD temperature. + +``` +sudo hddtemp +``` + +![HDD or SSD Temperature from terminal][3] + +HDD or SSD Temperature from terminal + +Checking the CPU temperature and other information requires an additional step. + +First, run the below command so that the utility of the sensor can detect the sensors in your system. + +``` +sudo sensors-detect +``` + +The above command might ask you some YES/NO questions. Keep pressing ENTER to choose the default options. + +Once done, run the below command to view the CPU and other interface temperatures. + +``` +sensors +``` + +![using sensors][4] + +using sensors + +#### Using GUI tools + +If you prefer a nice GUI which does all the above, you can install [psensor][5]. This utility works across Linux systems such as Ubuntu, Fedora, [Arch][6] and other variants. This gives you nice graphical plus tabular view of + +**Ubuntu and its derivatives** + +``` +sudo apt install psensor +``` + +**Fedora and RPM-based derivatives** + +``` +sudo dnf install psensor +``` + +**Arch, Manjaro and similar derivatives** + +``` +pacman -S psensor +``` + +Once installed, run via `psensor from the terminal or launch it from the`application menu. + +As you can see in the below screenshot, it gives you a nice view of all the important temperatures across CPU, GPU, and HDD with a nice graph. Using its preferences, you can tweak it as per your need. This lightweight utility can be helpful in many cases. + +![psensor running][7] + +psensor running + +So, these are some ways in which you can monitor CPU, GPU or HDD temperature in your Ubuntu and other Linux systems. Let me know if you know of any other ways to find these out using the comment box below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/cpu-hdd-temperature-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Hddtemp +[2]: https://github.com/lm-sensors/lm-sensors +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/HDD-or-SSD-Temperature-from-terminal.png +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/psensor.png +[5]: https://wpitchoune.net/psensor/ +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/arch-linux +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/psensor-running-1024x465.png From b0f0fa724d8e6b5489bf2433b7f21c0bc8555fc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:37:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 22/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221024.2=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20Clean=20Up?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Flatpak=20Apps=20to=20Clear=20Disk=20Space.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o Clean Up Flatpak Apps to Clear Disk Space.md | 145 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 145 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221024.2 ⭐️ How to Clean Up Flatpak Apps to Clear Disk Space.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221024.2 ⭐️ How to Clean Up Flatpak Apps to Clear Disk Space.md b/sources/tech/20221024.2 ⭐️ How to Clean Up Flatpak Apps to Clear Disk Space.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..49e1537a11 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221024.2 ⭐️ How to Clean Up Flatpak Apps to Clear Disk Space.md @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Clean Up Flatpak Apps to Clear Disk Space" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/clean-up-flatpak/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Clean Up Flatpak Apps to Clear Disk Space +====== + +**Here’s how to clean up Flatpak apps to reclaim your precious disk space. Follow along. ** + +Flatpak (like Snap) packages run in sandbox mode. By design, it takes a considerable amount of disk space for an individual application, even if it is a smaller one. For example, a simple Test editor or a basic image annotator application can take up more than 100+ MB of storage space. + +It’s how Flatpak or even Snap operates fundamentally. It pulls all dependencies for an app and runs independently. The advantage of this design is – you do not need to worry about dependencies or updates. All you need to do is install and run. On the contrary, it takes up a huge amount of disk space. + +And if you are running Ubuntu, elementary OS or any distribution for a longer period, you would be surprised that Flatpak keeps taking up more space over time. + +Hence, in this guide, we will give you some commands you can run yourself to clean up flatpak apps. + +### Clean Up Flatpak + +#### Where Flatpak packages are installed? + +When you install a Flatpak package, it gets installed in `/var/lib/flatpak`. All the installed files, metadata, application files, and runtime files are contained in this directory. Also, the user installation directory contains Flatpak data – that is – `~/.local/share/flatpak` + +#### How to find out the size of Flatpak apps? + +There are several commands and parameters of “flatpak” which you can combine to get the desired result to list the applications, size and type of installation. Here are some examples. + +- Verify the size of `/var/lib/flatpak`. But as it is being used by all Flatpak apps plus runtimes, you may not be able to recover entirely. + +``` +du -h /var/lib/flatpak +``` + +![Size of var-lib-flatpak][1] + +Size of var-lib-flatpak + +- If you have [Disk Usage Analyzer][2], you can verify by simply visiting the above directories. + +![Disk Analyzer Shows Flatpak size][3] + +Disk Analyzer Shows Flatpak size + +You can use any of the following commands to view the size of installed flatpak packages. + +- View all the installed flatpak with name and installed size. + +``` +flatpak --columns=name,size list +``` + +![flatpak list example 1][4] + +flatpak list example 1 + +- List all installed flatpak with installation type, size and application ID. + +``` +flatpak --columns=app,name,size,installation list +``` + +![flatpak list example 2][5] + +flatpak list example 2 + +- View only the flatpak installed by you. + +``` +flatpak --columns=name,size --user list +``` + +![flatpak list example 3][6] + +flatpak list example 3 + +Remember, two types of flatpak may exist in your system. Some of them may be part of the OS itself. And some of them are installed by you. + +#### Commands to Clean up + +- Use the following command to uninstall flatpak packages that are not in use. This is a safe command which you can try. + +``` +flatpak uninstall --unused +``` + +![clean up flatpak using unused switch][7] + +clean up flatpak using unused switch + +Using the above command, I have freed up around 1GB+ in my test system. + +![var-lib-flatpak size is reduced][8] + +var-lib-flatpak size is reduced + +- If you want to uninstall a specific Flatpak package, use the following command. Change the application ID with the app name. You can find the app name in the above list size commands. + +``` +flatpak uninstall +``` + +- The following command removes all flatpak packages from your system. Try not to run it unless you are very sure what you are doing. This may break your system, depending on your configuration. + +``` +flatpak uninstall --all +``` + +Finally, there are some flatpak cache files in path `/var/tmp/flatpak-cache-*`. Although the size may not be significant. But you can still remove them. + +``` +sudo rm -rfv /var/tmp/flatpak-cache-* +``` + +For more details about flatpak commands, visit the [official guide][9]. And let me know, using the comment box below, whether this helped you to clean up some space. + +If you are looking to clean up Snap packages, the guide is available [here][10]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/clean-up-flatpak/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Size-of-var-lib-flatpak.jpeg +[2]: https://help.gnome.org/users/baobab/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Disk-Analyzer-Shows-Flatpak-size-1024x392.jpeg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/flatpak-list-example-1.jpeg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/flatpak-list-example-2-1024x316.jpeg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/flatpak-list-example-3.jpeg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/clean-up-flatpak-using-unused-switch.jpeg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/var-lib-flatpak-size-is-reduced.jpeg +[9]: http://flatpak list example 3 +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/03/clean-up-snap/ From 9dc408313e6fa9eab4392a057ba51fd591d905d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:38:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 23/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221028.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20Install=20P?= =?UTF-8?q?ostgreSQL=2015=20on=20Ubuntu=2022.04=20Step-by-Step.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... PostgreSQL 15 on Ubuntu 22.04 Step-by-Step.md | 174 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 174 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221028.0 ⭐️ How to Install PostgreSQL 15 on Ubuntu 22.04 Step-by-Step.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221028.0 ⭐️ How to Install PostgreSQL 15 on Ubuntu 22.04 Step-by-Step.md b/sources/tech/20221028.0 ⭐️ How to Install PostgreSQL 15 on Ubuntu 22.04 Step-by-Step.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9f1100811c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221028.0 ⭐️ How to Install PostgreSQL 15 on Ubuntu 22.04 Step-by-Step.md @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Install PostgreSQL 15 on Ubuntu 22.04 Step-by-Step" +[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-install-postgresql-on-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Narendra K https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/narendra/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Install PostgreSQL 15 on Ubuntu 22.04 Step-by-Step +====== + +In this article, we will explain how to install PostgreSQL 15 database server on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). + +PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source object-relational Database Management System (DBMS). It’s been battle-tested for over 35 years which has earned it a strong reputation for reliability and performance. This feature-rich database is used by many tech giants, such as Apple, IMDB, Instagram, and so on. + +PostgreSQL supports large number of the SQL standard and is constructed to be extensible by users in many aspects. Some of the salient features include ACID transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types, functions, etc. + +##### Prerequisites + +Before installing the PostgreSQL server, we must ensure that the system meets the following installation requirements: + +- Pre-Installed Ubuntu 22.04 +- A regular user with sudo rights +- An active internet connection +- At least 2 GB of RAM with an additional 512 MB of disk space. Please note that this is a minimal requirement for the demo environment. The actual hardware configuration will vary with data volume. + +Without any further delay, let’s deep dive into PostgreSQL 15 installation steps, + +### 1) Enable PostgreSQL Package Repository + +PostgreSQL 15 package is not available in the default package repository, so enable its official package repository using following commands. + +``` +$ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list' +$ wget -qO- https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/pgdg.asc &>/dev/null +``` + +To begin, let’s fetch the latest versions of the packages. We can achieve this using the apt update command as shown below: + +``` +$ sudo apt update +``` + +The above command will take a few seconds to complete. + +### 2) Install PostgreSQL 15 Database Server and Client + +The postgresql package installs the default version of the PostgreSQL database server whereas the postgresql-client package installs the client utility. + +Let’s install the PostgreSQL client and server using the below apt command: + +``` +$ sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-client -y +``` + +Next, let’s verify that the PostgreSQL service is up and running: + +``` +$ sudo systemctl status postgresql +``` + +Finally, check the PostgreSQL version using the psql command line utility: + +``` +$ psql --version +``` + +Here, we can see that the version of PostgreSQL is 15. + +### 3) Update PostgreSQL Admin User Password + +By default, we can connect to the PostgreSQL server without using any password. Let’s see this in action using the psql utility: + +``` +$ sudo -u postgres psql +postgres=# +``` + +In the above output, the postgres=#  prompt indicated the active connection with the PostgreSQL server. + +In this example, we have used the postgres user. This is an admin user of PostgreSQL and it gets created during the installation process. + +Allowing administrative access to the database without any password isn’t a good idea. So, let’s set the password for the postgres user: + +``` +postgres=# ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD 'demoPassword'; +``` + +The above SQL query sets the user password to demoPassword. Please note that, we have used a very simple password because this is a demo environment. However, the same is not recommended in the production environment. + +Let’s verify that the password has been set successfully. So first, terminate the current session with the server using the \q command. + +``` +postgres=# \q +``` + +Output of above commands, + +Now, let’s connect to the database server again: + +``` +$ psql -h localhost -U postgres +``` + +Let’s enter the demoPassword string as a password and now we are connected to the database. + +### 4) Configure PostgreSQL to Allow Remote Connections + +By default, PostgreSQL accepts connections from the localhost only. However, we can easily modify the configuration to allow connection from remote clients. + +PostgreSQL reads its configuration from the postgresql.conf file which is located in the /etc/postgresql//main/ directory. Here, the version indicates the major version of PostgreSQL. + +For example, in our case the full path of the file is /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf. + +Now, open the postgresql.conf file in a text editor, uncomment the line that starts with the listen_addresses, and replace ‘localhost’ with ‘*’. + +This setting is located under the CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION section. After modification the file will look like this: + +Save and close the file. + +Next, edit the IPv4 local connections section of the pg_hba.conf file to allow IPv4 connections from all clients. Please note that this file is also located in /etc/postgresql/15/main/ directory. + +``` +$ sudo vi /etc/postgresql/15/main/pg_hba.conf +``` + +After modification the file will look like this: + +In the above configuration indicates to allow connection from the network 192.168.1.0/24 + +In case, Ubuntu firewall is running on your system then allow PostgreSQL 5432 port using following command, + +``` +$ sudo ufw allow 5432/tcp +``` + +##### Verifying Remote Connection + +Finally, restart the service and verify it’s up and running: + +``` +$ sudo systemctl restart postgresql +$ sudo systemctl status postgresql +``` + +Now, let’s try to access DB from remote client. + +``` +$ psql -h 192.168.1.192 -U postgres +``` + +In this example, 192.168.1.192 is the IP address of the PostgreSQL database server. + +Here we can see that we are able to access DB from the remote client. + +That’s all from this article.Please do post your queries and feedback in the below comments section. + +Read Also: [How to Set Static IP Address on Ubuntu Server 22.04][1] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-install-postgresql-on-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Narendra K][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/narendra/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-server/ From fe4dc91e5cc31ed68d6e9ebb143fb0039b335a48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:39:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 24/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221029.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=207=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Best=20Open=20Source=20Web-based=20Email=20Clients.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️ 7 Best Open Source Web-based Email Clients.md | 241 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 241 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221029.0 ⭐️⭐️ 7 Best Open Source Web-based Email Clients.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221029.0 ⭐️⭐️ 7 Best Open Source Web-based Email Clients.md b/sources/tech/20221029.0 ⭐️⭐️ 7 Best Open Source Web-based Email Clients.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..447635219d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221029.0 ⭐️⭐️ 7 Best Open Source Web-based Email Clients.md @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +[#]: subject: "7 Best Open Source Web-based Email Clients" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/open-source-web-based-email-clients/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +7 Best Open Source Web-based Email Clients +====== + +Email services are here to stay, even if decentralized tech takes over the internet. + +However, with big tech trying to control everything new aspect of emerging technologies, how can you take charge of your email service? + +Whether a business/enterprise or an individual, a self-hosted open-source webmail service is always an option worth considering. Your server, your digital infrastructure, and your email service platform. This way, you do not have to rely on a vendor or a third party to manage your email services. You do it your way. + +### Why Should You Self-Host an Email Service? + +![best opensource web based email clients 1][1] + +It is **not a one-click process** to self-host a service, which you can use as a web-based email client or sync with an email app. + +So, why bother? Can’t you use some of the [best privacy-focused email services][2] like [Proton Mail][3] and Tutanota? + +Well, yes, you can. + +But, for businesses and enterprises, some advantages of self-hosting webmail include: + +- **The user gets total control over email data.** +- **You get the ability to build your infrastructure that meets the requirements of your email services.** +- **It provides scalability for individuals, small businesses, and enterprises.** +- **You can create unlimited email accounts and email aliases.** +- **Users can easily apply advanced filters and other protection mechanisms without paying for a subscription.** + +Here, I list some of the best options that you can pick. + +### 1. Roundcube + +![roundcube screenshot][4] + +**Key Highlights:** + +- Good fit for desktop use +- Actively maintained +- Available with most server hosting providers +- Customizable UI +- PGP Encryption + +Roundcube is a popular PHP-based webmail software that provides all the essential features in a simple user interface. + +With most of the server hosting providers, you already get it pre-installed. You have to configure it for your domain or create email accounts to get started. + +You can also install it and customize it on your server. + +[Roundcube][5] + +### 2. Cypht + +![cypht inbox interface][6] + +**Key Highlights:** + +- Lightweight +- Modular + +Cypht is an interesting webmail solution that provides a combined view of multiple email accounts. + +While it is built with a modular approach, it is easy to add functionalities to your experience with plugins. + +Unlike others, you can also use it to add RSS feeds and utilize it as a newsreader. + +[Cypht][7] + +### 3. Squirrelmail + +![squirrelmail][8] + +**Key Highlights:** + +- Lightweight +- Stable +- PGP Encryption plugin support + +A classic PHP-based with IMAP and SMTP protocol support. It does not include many features, but it gets the basics right if you want lightweight and stable webmail software to host. + +While it looks like a barebone implementation, it has been around for a long time with features like address book, folder manipulation, and MIME support. + +It also comes bundled in with most web hosting providers. + +[Squirrelmail][9] + +### 4. Rainloop + +![rainloop][10] + +**Key Highlights:** + +- No database required +- Simple user interface +- Lightweight + +Rainloop is a straightforward email solution that supports IMAP and SMTP protocols. + +It also supports OpenPGP encryption. Unlike some others, it does not require a database. Direct access to the mail server is maintained without requiring storing anything locally on the web server. + +You can extend certain functionalities thanks to plugin support. + +[Rainloop][11] + +### 5. Horde + +![horde screeshot][12] + +**Key Highlights** + +- Bundled with web hosting providers +- Simple and feature-rich + +Horde is an open-source groupware webmail software that comes bundled with various web server hosting providers. It supports IMAP. + +I usually prefer Horde when accessing the webmail for my domains, which has never disappointed me. It offers a simple and effective user interface and many essential features. + +Like others, it is a PHP-based framework that makes it easy for developers to work with. + +[Horde][13] + +### 6. SOGo + +![sogo][14] + +**Key Highlights:** + +- Material design UI +- Outlook support +- Online demo available + +SOGo is a modern open-source solution that features Google’s material design UI with its email server. + +It includes support for calendar and address books while providing a friendly AJAX-based web interface. + +You also get support for Microsoft Outlook and ActiveSync, which lets you synchronize emails, contacts, events, and tasks seamlessly. An online demo is available for you to try. If it sounds good, you can download it for your server. + +Explore more about it on its [GitHub page][15]. + +[SOGo][16] + +### 7. Afterlogic WebMail Lite + +![afterlogic webmail][17] + +Key Highlights: + +- Enterprise support options are available +- Social sign-in support +- OpenPGP Encryption + +An interesting open-source webmail with plugin support. + +It supports authentication using external services as well. For instance, you can use your Google account to sign in to your email account. + +While you get all the features and OpenPGP encryption support with the open-source edition, you can choose to use it commercially as well. + +Additionally, you can opt for the pro version to get technical support, a priority fix, a personal calendar, a mobile version, and the ability to add multiple IMAP accounts. + +[Afterlogic WebMail Lite][18] + +### Interesting Mentions + +Several open-source projects are under active development that you can experiment with. + +Of course, we do not recommend using them for business or personal use. You can try them out to see if you want to contribute to their development in some way. + +I would like to mention a couple of such mail service projects. + +#### Mailpile + +While it deserves a spot in the list above, the development for [Mailpile][19] has halted until Python3 rewrite is complete. + +![mailpile][20] + +It is a fast and modern open-source webmail with encryption and privacy-centric features. + +#### Cuttlefish + +![cuttlefish][21] + +[Cuttlefish][22] is a free and open-source transactional email service. It aims to be an alternative to proprietary services like [SendGrid][23]. + +It is in its early stages of development. + +#### Pinbox + +A self-hosted webmail solution that gets its inspiration from Google Inbox. + +[Pinbox][24] a work in progress and needs a few prerequisites to make it work. + +### Wrapping Up + +Squirrelmail, Horde, and Roundcube remain of the most popular options that can be easily accessed with most hosting providers. + +Of course, these options are not always modern looking or have features like Google Workspace or even Zoho but you get enough to do the necessary emailing. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-web-based-email-clients/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/best-opensource-web-based-email-clients-1.png +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/secure-private-email-services/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/recommends/protonmail +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/roundcube-screenshot.png +[5]: https://roundcube.net +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cypht_inbox_interface.png +[7]: https://cypht.org/index.html +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/squirrelmail.jpg +[9]: https://www.squirrelmail.org/ +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/rainloop.png +[11]: https://www.rainloop.net +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/horde-screeshot.png +[13]: https://www.horde.org +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sogo.png +[15]: https://github.com/Alinto/sogo/ +[16]: https://www.sogo.nu +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/afterlogic-webmail.jpg +[18]: https://afterlogic.org/webmail-lite +[19]: https://www.mailpile.is +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/mailpile.png +[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cuttlefish.png +[22]: https://cuttlefish.io +[23]: https://sendgrid.com +[24]: https://github.com/msp301/pinbox From 556b17bc0e03cac6c457b0b2ed5b0ed4a10c0ec4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:39:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 25/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20Upgrade=20P?= =?UTF-8?q?ython=20Packages=20with=20Pip.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️ How to Upgrade Python Packages with Pip.md | 108 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.0 ⭐️ How to Upgrade Python Packages with Pip.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.0 ⭐️ How to Upgrade Python Packages with Pip.md b/sources/tech/20221027.0 ⭐️ How to Upgrade Python Packages with Pip.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a411e29b73 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.0 ⭐️ How to Upgrade Python Packages with Pip.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Upgrade Python Packages with Pip" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-pip-packages/" +[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Upgrade Python Packages with Pip +====== + +When was the last that you updated Python packages installed via Pip? Most of the users tend to forget that those packages also need to be updated, as just updating the system repository is not going to work here. + +So let’s take a moment and see how to update old Python packages with Pip. + +### How to use pip to upgrade Python packages + +[Pip (Pip Installs Packages)][1] is a command line utility to manage python packages. You can think of this as how we use apt to manage packages in Ubuntu and Debian. + +So let’s dive deep into how you can use this fab utility to manage everything related to Python packages. + +#### 1. List outdated packages + +Listing the outdated packages is the best idea to plan how you want to update packages as not many want to update their entire library of packages at once and wants to be selective. + +To list outdated packages of Python, you just have to pair `pip` command with `list` option and `--outdated` flag as shown: + +``` +pip list --outdated +``` + +![outdated packages][2] + +#### 2. Upgrade a specific package + +Once you get the list of the packages that need to be updated, you can be selective as I mentioned earlier, and to update a specific package, you’ll need to follow the given command syntax: + +``` +pip install package_name -U +``` + +For example, I want to upgrade the package named `anime-api` to the most recent version, so I’ll be using the given command: + +``` +pip install anime-api -U +``` + +![update anime api][3] + +#### 3. Upgrade package to specific version + +It is not necessary to use only the most recent version of the software (cough [Debian][4] cough) and if you are in need of using packages to a specific version that may or may not be the most recent software, can be done using the given command syntax: + +``` +pip install --upgrade == +``` + +So I want to update the package named `xdg` to version 5.1 which is one point release behind the most recent build so my command would be: + +``` +pip install --upgrade xdg==5.1 +``` + +![upgrade xdg to specific iteration][5] + +#### 4. Upgrade every package using Pip + +**NOTE: I do not recommend upgrading every package at once as most of the time, the dependencies are too complex to be handled.** + +To upgrade every python package, you’d need to follow the given command: + +``` +pip3 list --outdated --format=freeze | grep -v '^\-e' | cut -d = -f 1 | xargs -n1 pip3 install -U +``` + +![upgrade everything][6] + +The above command utilizes [xargs][7]. First, it will grab the packages that are needed to be updated and then perform `pip3 install -U` command over each package. + +And I used pip3 here instead of pip. In Ubuntu 22.04 and later, both pip and pip3 commands are available. + +### Wrapping Up + +Upgrading everything at once has never been a good idea in the case of pip. And I found myself in a state of broken dependencies so make sure you know what you will have. + +And if you have any queries, feel free to ask in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-pip-packages/ + +作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/install-pip-ubuntu/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/outdated-packages.png +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/update-anime-api.png +[4]: https://www.debian.org/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/upgrade-xdg-to-specific-iteration.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/upgrade-everything.png +[7]: https://linuxhandbook.com/xargs-command/ From eb2233241f171ce7a08f79f930ef0c98c80dea13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:40:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 26/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221029.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Set?= =?UTF-8?q?=20up=20a=20Matrix=20to=20Discord=20bot.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...9.1 ⭐️⭐️ Set up a Matrix to Discord bot.md | 174 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 174 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221029.1 ⭐️⭐️ Set up a Matrix to Discord bot.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221029.1 ⭐️⭐️ Set up a Matrix to Discord bot.md b/sources/tech/20221029.1 ⭐️⭐️ Set up a Matrix to Discord bot.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a101c437be --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221029.1 ⭐️⭐️ Set up a Matrix to Discord bot.md @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +[#]: subject: "Set up a Matrix to Discord bot" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/matrix-discord-bot" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Set up a Matrix to Discord bot +====== + +Run a Python Matrix bot to bridge chat between a Matrix room and a Discord channel. + +Matrix is a popular [open source chat application][1] that makes it easy to chat securely with people all over the world. Similarly, Discord is a non-open source chat application that's also popular with many online communities. Discord, like Matrix, provides a chat client for all major platforms both mobile and desktop, so it's perfectly usable on Linux. However, it's not open source and so, given the choice, you might prefer to use Matrix. The good news is that when not given a choice for any reason, you can **also** use Matrix to interface with Discord by running a Matrix-to-Discord bridge. This article shows you how to set up and run a Python Matrix bot to bridge chat between a Matrix room and a Discord channel. + +### Requirements + +The bot demonstrated in this article is a "non-puppeting" bridge, meaning that it just copies ingoing and outgoing messages on one platform and sends it to the other. There are more advanced modes available, but those tend to require a self-hosted Matrix instance. The procedure for setting up the bot, however, is similar in both cases, so whether you're setting up a bridge service for your self-hosted Matrix server or just a puppeting bot for public instances, I assume you have at least: + +- A Matrix account and a Matrix client such as [Element][2]. +- A Discord account. +- A Linux or BSD server that can run the Python3 bot. I use a [Rev. 1 Raspberry Pi][3] with just a 700mHZ processor and 256 MB RAM, running NetBSD. You can run the bot locally, if you prefer, but I find it more convenient to run it as a persistent service so I don't miss messages that happen while I'm away. + +### Get the bot + +Download or clone [matrix-discord-bridge][4]. + +Change into its `bridge` directory and install its dependencies using [pip][5]: + +``` +$ python3 -m pip install-r requirements.txt +``` + +Run the bot to generate an empty configuration file: + +``` +$ python3 ./bridge.py +``` + +You now have a file called `config.json` in your current directory. It contains six key and value pairs. The rest of this article demonstrates how to obtain these values, but first an overview: + +The top three are for Matrix. + +- **homeserver**: The Matrix server you log in to +- **username**: Your Matrix login name +- **password**: Your Matrix password + +Two are for Discord: + +- **token**: A bot developer token obtained from Discord. +- **discord_cmd_prefix**: A character sequence you want to use as a shortcut for sending the bot commands through Discord. + +And the final one is for both: + +- **bridge**: The Discord "channel" ID and the Matrix "room" ID that you're bridging. This can contain more than one channel and room pair, so you can use just one bot to bridge several rooms. + +### Set up Matrix + +All you have to do to set up the Matrix side is open a Matrix account for your bot. + +Next, you need the ID of the room you want to bridge to Discord. To get a room ID, right-click on the room icon in the left panel of Element and select **Copy Link**. In the URL you've just copied, there's a semicolon. The room ID is the part on left of the semicolon, and the home server of that room is to the right. For example, suppose this is the URL you just copied: + +``` +https://matrix.to/#/!DEADBEEFzzzzABCDEF:matrix.org?via=matrix.org +``` + +The room ID is `!DEADBEEFzzzzABCDEF` and the home server is `matrix.org`. + +You can now add your Matrix details to the `config.json` file. For example: + +``` +"homeserver": "https://matrix.org", + "username": "@mybot:matrix.org", + "password": "myBadPassword1234", + "token": "", + "discord_cmd_prefix": "", + "bridge": { + "": "!DEADBEEFzzzzABCDEF:matrix.org" + } +} +---- +``` + +### Get a Discord token + +Assuming you already have an account on Discord, open a web browser and navigate to [discordapp.com/developers/applications][6]. Once you've logged in, click the **New Application** button in the **Applications** tab. + +Give your bot a name. For this example, I use `mybot`. + +After you've defined a bot, click on it and find the **Bot** category in the menu on the left. + +In the **Bot** panel, click the **Add Bot** button. Discord adds your bot to the panel, alerting you that "A wild bot has appeared!" in a message box. Under the name of your bot, there's a link to click to reveal your bot's token. Click the link and copy the token into your config file. + +``` +"token": "07c63.fb2823cG759.b20_852f337a6551bc", +``` + +### Set the bot command + +Choose a sequence of characters you want to use to issue commands to the bot in Discord. In the instance of a simple bridge, you may not have any commands you need to issue, so this value probably doesn't actually matter. I set it to `!b` but I've never used it. + +``` +"discord_cmd_prefix": "!b", +``` + +### Add your bot to Discord + +Now you must add your bot to the channel you want it to bridge. + +- Select **OAuth2** from the menu on the left, and then **URL Generator**.![Select URL Generator under the OAuth2 menu item.][7] +- In the **Scopes** section, select **bot** (and only **bot**). In the **Bot Permissions** section that appears under the **Scopes** section, activate all options under **Text Permissions**. +- Copy the URL displayed at the bottom of the panel, in the **Generated URL** field. + +Navigate to the URL you just copied, and add the bot to the channel. + +You're done with the Discord web interface, but now there's one more configuration option you need from the Discord app. + +### Get the Discord channel ID + +In **User Settings** of Discord (it's the gear icon next to your name on the desktop app), select **Advanced**. In the **Advanced** panel, activate **Developer Mode**. + +![Activate Developer Mode with the toggle switch in the top right corner of the Advanced panel.][8] + +With developer mode active, go to the channel you want to bridge. For instance, you might want to bridge Matrix to the **zombie apocalypse** channel on the **example** Discord server. First, join the **example** Discord server. Then right-click on text channel **#zombie apocalypse**, and select **Copy ID**. + +![Copy ID is at the bottom of the context menu][9] + +Paste the channel ID into the config file as the first value for **bridge**. Your full config file now contains: + +``` +"homeserver": "https://matrix.org", + "username": "@mybot:matrix.org", + "password": "myBadPassword1234", + "token": "07c63.fb2823cG759.b20_852f337a6551bc", + "discord_cmd_prefix": "!b", + "bridge": { + "1030287944604463185": "!DEADBEEFzzzzABCDEF:matrix.org" + } +} +``` + +### Bridge + +Your bot is now acting as a bridge, at least in theory. Some Discord channels start new users in a muted state, and they must be granted special permissions to interact. If the Discord channel you're bridging is strictly managed, then you may need to speak to a moderator or administrator and request special permissions for your bot. + +For your first attempt at setting this up, it's easiest to bridge a Discord server to a Matrix room that you control. That way, you can confirm that it works when unrestricted. After you've confirmed functionality, try adding it to a restricted channel. + +### Open source bridges another gap + +Open source does a lot of heavy lifting, including in the integration space. It's to the credit of both Matrix and Discord that they provide a robust bot ecosystem that's easy to learn and easy to use. It's to the credit of some resourceful open source developers that the two can be bridged. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/matrix-discord-bot + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/alternatives/slack +[2]: https://element.io +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/netbsd-raspberry-pi +[4]: https://github.com/git-bruh/matrix-discord-bridge +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/python-pip-cheat-sheet +[6]: https://discordapp.com/developers/applications/ +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/discord-oauth2.webp +[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/discord-developer-mode.webp +[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/discord-channel-id.webp From 1821ca16e6d1256fbed1f0f18689329c3c5c83ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:41:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 27/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ta?= =?UTF-8?q?lk]:=2020221028.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Writ?= =?UTF-8?q?e=20documentation=20like=20you=20develop=20code.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️ Write documentation like you develop code.md | 85 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 85 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20221028.1 ⭐️⭐️ Write documentation like you develop code.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20221028.1 ⭐️⭐️ Write documentation like you develop code.md b/sources/talk/20221028.1 ⭐️⭐️ Write documentation like you develop code.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb64f1fb7a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20221028.1 ⭐️⭐️ Write documentation like you develop code.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +[#]: subject: "Write documentation like you develop code" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/docs-as-code" +[#]: author: "Lorna Mitchell https://opensource.com/users/lornajane" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Write documentation like you develop code +====== + +Don't want documentation to be an afterthought? Try a new approach. + +Many engineers and craftspeople are particular about their tools. To do a job well, you need the best tools and the skills to use them. The best tools in software development can be very powerful when applied to other kinds of digital creation. The [Docs as Code][1] approach is a great example. Docs as Code entails writing documentation using the same tools and workflows used for developing code. Proponents of Docs as Code report that this method leads to better documentation while easing the workload of the people who write it. + +### Text formats and source control + +The most significant adjustment when moving from a more traditional documentation platform to the Docs as Code approach is that the content is stored in a text-based markup format. This change makes all the tools for text-based materials available for generating documentation. Whether you choose [DocBook][2], [Markdown][3], or another markup language, the transition from using just one tool to using a standard format and a variety of tools is a big change. + +Finding tools that support your workflow is really important. Many developers use their [coding editors][4] when working on Docs as Code projects. Since they are already advanced-level users with that tool, it works well for them. Finding tooling that fits the other professionals on the team, such as technical writers, editors, information architects, and documentation product owners, may take more effort. A few options to consider: + +- One of the many [good markdown editors][5] available +- Coding editors with good preview tools, which make them approachable for non-coders +- The web interfaces of popular Git hosting services, especially for occasional contributors + +Once content is safely in a markup format, the project can use source control such as [Git][6], an open source tool with many more features than most documentation platforms can claim: + +- A clear and detailed version history of who changed what and when. If you have good commit message culture, you may even be able to learn why the change was made. +- Easy parallel change processes. Working in branches in Git means everyone can make all the changes they want to and combine them at the end. +- Advanced collaboration and review tooling. All the source-control platforms are designed to review each change in detail and have as much discussion as needed until everyone is confident that the change can go ahead. +- Automated quality checks such as spellchecking and link checking. This saves time and catches errors that might otherwise be missed. + +Source control has many benefits. Just keep in mind that if you're new to source control, it has a learning curve. There are some excellent [learning resources][7] and [articles for writers][8] that can help. You can also let your curious documentarians find the learning materials that work for them rather than asking your engineers to teach them. (Ask me how I learned this—the hard way of course!) + +### Pull requests and review cycles + +All source-control platforms are designed around the concept of pull requests, sometimes also called merge requests. Someone, or some team, puts together a set of changes and then requests that the changes are pulled into the main project. In many ways, working with many changes at once is easier in documentation than in code. Changing one article in one place in documentation has fewer side effects than when you change code and find that there were several other sections depending on it. + +The most powerful collaboration tool is the [diff][9], which shows the difference between old and new versions in a way that's easy to follow. There are many versions of this tool available to make the comparison view easier to look at: side-by-side, inline, or even as rendered markdown rather than just text. Each team member can use the tool or tools that work best for them. For example, the web view is commonly used to look at a small change, but for something bigger I would want to look at it locally using `vimdiff` or [Meld][10]. + +Review comments can be added to the change as a whole or to individual lines in the proposed change. Some projects adopt a maximum line length, called a hard wrap, or start each sentence on a new line to make it easier to attach comments to specific parts of a block of text. Further changes and comments can be added until the review process is complete and the change is accepted. Since the pull requests are shown in a queue on the repository for the project, this is a good way to show what's in progress and what needs review attention. The tools make it easy for reviewers to add their thoughts. In particular, if you are working with technical audiences it can be easier to get reviews from these folks via the tools they use daily. + +### Continuous integration and deployment + +Having the source of your documentation available in plain text has many benefits, such as making it easy to find every occurrence of something that needs changing and using existing tools such as [wc][11], [grep][12], or `tree` to work with potentially large document sets. When you combine this with a source-control platform, even more existing tools become available, and they're all open source. + +One big workflow improvement is the ability to have continuous deployment in place. This simply means that when a pull request is merged into the main project, the project is immediately and automatically deployed. If the change is good enough to be accepted into the project, it is also good enough to be live on the documentation site, helping your readers. Typically, continuous deployment is set up with either a separate automation server, such as [Jenkins][13], or [Git Hooks][14]. Either way, the text-based markup is combined with the Docs as Code platform (usually a static site generator such as [Hugo][15] or [Sphinx][16]) to produce the documentation website, which is then deployed. + +The same automation can be used before deployment to add some excellent checks to the pull requests before they are merged. On a coding project, it's common to run code linters, tests, and other quality checks that a machine can do itself. Documentation projects can get the same treatment, with tools like [Vale][17] to do prose linting and check for correct heading styles, spellings, and so on. It's also useful to add other tools here, such as a link checker to make sure all the links go somewhere valid. + +### Code tools for docs workflows + +The tools known and loved by engineers are very good tools, but they are useful for all sorts of other projects too. For documentation, they contribute valuable efficiency, especially when you need your documentation to be moving at the same speed as your development teams. All the tools discussed here are open source, so you can try them for yourself, deploy them for a huge global team, or anything in between. May your docs process be as smooth as any code process. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/docs-as-code + +作者：[Lorna Mitchell][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/lornajane +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.writethedocs.org/guide/docs-as-code +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/17/9/docbook +[3]: http://commonmark.org +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/eclipse +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/10/markdown-editors +[6]: https://opensource.com/downloads/cheat-sheet-git +[7]: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/step-step-guide-git +[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/write-git +[9]: https://opensource.com/article/21/11/linux-diff-patch +[10]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/meld +[11]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-wc-command?intcmp=7013a000002qLH8AAM +[12]: https://opensource.com/downloads/grep-cheat-sheet +[13]: https://www.jenkins.io +[14]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/git-hooks +[15]: https://opensource.com/article/18/3/start-blog-30-minutes-hugo +[16]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/document-python-sphinx +[17]: https://vale.sh From f2f82bb7979a8ecf5e1c6a7cab4a48f6a99fc3ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:42:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 28/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Tric?= =?UTF-8?q?k=20Lua=20into=20becoming=20an=20object-oriented=20language.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...k Lua into becoming an object-oriented language.md | 150 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 150 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.1 ⭐️⭐️ Trick Lua into becoming an object-oriented language.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.1 ⭐️⭐️ Trick Lua into becoming an object-oriented language.md b/sources/tech/20221027.1 ⭐️⭐️ Trick Lua into becoming an object-oriented language.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9466a33ab1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.1 ⭐️⭐️ Trick Lua into becoming an object-oriented language.md @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +[#]: subject: "Trick Lua into becoming an object-oriented language" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/object-oriented-lua" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Trick Lua into becoming an object-oriented language +====== + +Lua isn't an object-oriented programming language. Here's a hack to use a Lua table as a stand-in for an object-oriented class. + +Lua isn't an object-oriented programming language, but a scripting language utilizing C functions and a C-like syntax. However, there's a cool hack you can use within Lua code to make Lua act like an object-oriented language when you need it to be. The key is in the Lua table construct, and this article demonstrates how to use a Lua table as a stand-in for an object-oriented class. + +### What is object-oriented programming? + +The term "object-oriented" is a fancy way of describing, essentially, a templating system. Imagine you're programming an application to help users spot and log zombies during a zombie apocalypse. You're using an object-oriented language like C++, [Java][1], or [Python][2]. You need to create code objects that represent different types of zombies so the user can drag them around and arrange them on a map of the city. Of course a zombie can be any number of things: dormant, slow, fast, hungry, ravenous, and so on. That's just textual data, which computers are good at tracking, and based on that data you could even assign the virtual "object" a graphic so your user can identify which general type of zombie each widget represents. + +You have a few options for how you can resolve this requirement for your application: + +- Force your users to learn how to code so they can program their own zombies into your application +- Spend the rest of your life programming every possible type of zombie into your application +- Use a code template to define the attributes of a zombie object, allowing your users to create just the items they need, based on what zombie they've actually spotted + +Obviously, the only realistic option is the final one, and it's done with a programming construct called a class. Here's what a class might look like (this example happens to be Java code, but the concept is the same across all object-oriented languages): + +``` +publicclass Zombie { +int height; +int weight; +[String][3] speed; +[String][3] location; +} +``` + +Whether or not you understand the code, you can probably tell that this is essentially a template. It's declaring that when a virtual "object" is created to represent a zombie, the programming language assigns that object four attributes (two integers representing height and weight, and two words representing the movement speed and physical location). When the user clicks the (imaginary) **Add item** button in the (imaginary) application, this class is used as a template (in programming, they say "a new instance" of the class has been created) to assign values entered by the user. Infinite zombies for the price of just one class. That's one of the powers of object-oriented programming. + +### Lua tables + +In Lua, the table is a data type that implements an associative array. You can think of a table in Lua as a database. It's a store of indexed information that you can recall by using a special syntax. Here's a very simple example: + +``` +example = {} + +example.greeting = "hello" +example.space = " " +example.subject = "world" + +print(example.greeting .. + example.space .. + example.subject) +``` + +Run the example code to see the results: + +``` +$ lua ./example.lua +hello world +``` + +As you can tell from the sample code, a table is essentially a bunch of keys and values kept within a single collection (a "table"). + +### Lua metatable + +A metatable is a table that serves as a template for a table. You can designate any table as a metatable, and then treat it much as you would a class in any other language. + +Here's a metatable to define a zombie: + +``` +Zombie = {} + +function Zombie.init(h,w,s,l) + local self = setmetatable({}, Zombie) + self.height = h + self.weight = w + self.speed = s + self.location = l + return self +end + +-- use the metatable + +function setup() + z1 = Zombie.init(176,50,'slow','Forbes & Murray Avenue') +end + +function run() + print(z1.location .. ": " .. + z1.height .. " cm, " .. z1.weight .. " kg, " .. z1.speed) +end + +setup() +run() +``` + +To differentiate my metatable from a normal table, I capitalize the first letter of its name. That's not required, but I find it a useful convention. + +Here's the results of the sample code: + +``` +$ lua ./zombie.lua +Forbes & Murray Avenue: 176 cm, 50 kg, slow +``` + +This demonstration doesn't entirely do metatables justice, because the sample code creates just a single object with no interaction from the user. To use a metatable to satisfy the issue of creating infinite items from just one metatable, you would instead code a user input function (using Lua's `io.read()` function) asking the user to provide the details of the zombie they spotted. You'd probably even code a user interface with a "New sighting" button, or something like that. That's beyond the scope of this article, though, and would only complicate the example code. + +### Creating a metatable + +The important thing to remember is that to create a metatable, you use this syntax: + +``` +Example = {} + +function Example.init(args) + local self = setmetatable({}, Example) + self.key = value + return self +end +``` + +### Using a metatable + +To use a metatable once it's been created, use this syntax: + +``` +my_instance = Example.init("required args") +``` + +### Object-oriented Lua + +Lua isn't object-oriented, but its table mechanism makes handling and tracking and sorting data as simple as it possibly can be. It's no exaggeration to say that once you're comfortable with tables in Lua, you can be confident that you know at least half of the language. You can use tables (and, by extension, metatables) as arrays, maps, convenient variable organization, close-enough classes, and more. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/object-oriented-lua + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/java-object-orientation +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/get-modular-python-classes +[3]: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+string From cbdff408b3257efddbcb77bf5a2985e4772399e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:49:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 29/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221026.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Doing=2064-bit=20math=20on=20a=2016-bit=20?= =?UTF-8?q?system.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...⭐️⭐️ Doing 64-bit math on a 16-bit system.md | 156 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 156 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221026.0 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Doing 64-bit math on a 16-bit system.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221026.0 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Doing 64-bit math on a 16-bit system.md b/sources/tech/20221026.0 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Doing 64-bit math on a 16-bit system.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae3e114946 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221026.0 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Doing 64-bit math on a 16-bit system.md @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +[#]: subject: "Doing 64-bit math on a 16-bit system" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/64-bit-math" +[#]: author: "Jerome Shidel https://opensource.com/users/shidel" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Doing 64-bit math on a 16-bit system +====== + +With a little basic understanding of assembly, these functions could be scaled to do math on integers of any bit size. + +A few years ago, I wrote a command-line math program for FreeDOS called VMATH. It was capable of performing only extremely simple mathematical operations on very small unsigned integers. With some recent interest in basic math in the FreeDOS community, I improved VMATH to provide basic math support on signed 64-bit integers. + +The process of manipulating big numbers using only 16-bit 8086 compatible assembly instructions is not straightforward. I would like to share some samples of the techniques used by VMATH. Some of the methods used are fairly easy to grasp. Meanwhile, others can seem a little strange. You may even learn an entirely new way of performing some basic math. + +The techniques explained here to add, subtract, multiply, and divide 64-bit integers are not limited to just 64-bits. With a little basic understanding of assembly, these functions could be scaled to do math on integers of any bit size. + +Before digging into those math functions, I want to cover some basics of numbers from the computer's perspective. + +### How computers read numbers + +An Intel-compatible CPU stores the value of numbers in bytes from least to most significant. Each byte is made up of 8 binary bits and two bytes make up a word. + +A 64-bit number that is stored in memory uses 8 bytes (or 4 words). For example, a value of 74565 (0x12345in hexadecimal) looks something like this: + +``` +as bytes: db 0x45, 0x23, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 +as words: dw 0x2345, 0x0001, 0x0000, 0x0000 +``` + +When reading or writing data to memory, the CPU processes the bytes in the correct order. On a processor more modern than an 8086, there can be larger groups, such as a quadword which can represent the entire 64-bit integer as **0x0000000000012345**. + +The 8086 CPU doesn't understand such gigantic numbers. When writing a program for FreeDOS, you want something that can run on any PC, even an original IBM PC 5150. You also want to use techniques that can be scaled to any size integer. The capabilities of a more modern CPU do not really concern us. + +For the purpose of doing integer math, the data can represent two different types of numbers. + +The first is unsigned which uses all of its bit to represent a positive number. Their value can be from **0** up to **(2 ^ (numberofbits) - 1)**. For example, 8 bits can have any value from **0** to **255**, with 16 bits ranging from **0** to **65535**, and so on. + +Signed integers are very similar. However, the most significant bit of the number represents whether the number is positive (**0**) or negative (**1**). The first portion of the number is positive. It can range from **0** up to **(2 ^ (numberofbits - 1) - 1)**. The negative portion follows the positive, ranging from its lowest value **(0-(2 ^ (numberofbits - 1)))** up to **-1**. + +For example, an 8-bit number represents any value from **0** to **127** in the positive range, and **-128** through **-1** in the negative range. To help visualize it, consider the **byte** as the set of numbers **[0…127,-128…-1]**. Because **-128** follows **127** in the set, adding **1** to **127** equals **-128**. While this may seem strange and backward, it actually makes doing basic math at this level much easier. + +To perform basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of very big integers, you should explore some simple routines to get a number's absolute or negative value. You will need them once you start doing math on signed integers. + +### Absolute and negative values + +Getting the absolute value of a signed integer is not as bad as it may first seem. Because of how unsigned and signed numbers are represented in memory, there is a fairly easy solution. You can simply invert all the bits of a negative number and add **1** to get the result. + +That might sound odd if you haven't worked in binary before, but that is how works. To give you an example, take an 8-bit representation of a negative number, such as **-5**. Since it would be near the end of the **[0…127,-128…-1]** byte set, it would have a value of **0xfb** in hexadecimal, or **11111011** in binary. If you flip all the bits, you get **0x04**, or **00000100** in binary. Add **1** to that result and you have the answer. You just changed the value from **-5** to **+5**. + +You can write this procedure in assembly to return the absolute value of any 64-bit number: + +``` +; syntax, NASM for DOS +proc_ABS: +  ; on entry, the SI register points to the memory location in the +  ; data segment (DS) for the program containing the 64-bit +  ; number that will be made positive. +  ; On exit, the Carry Flag (CF) is set if resulting number can +  ; not be made positive. This only happens with maximum +  ;  negative value. Otherwise, CF is cleared. +  ; check most significant bit of highest byte +  test [si+7], byte 0x80 +  ; if not set, the number is positive +  jz .done_ABS +  ; flip all the bits of word #4 +  not word [si+6] +  not word [si+4]       ; word #3 +  not word [si+2]       ; word #2 +  not word [si]                 ; word #1 +  ; increment the 1st word +  inc word [si] +  ; if it did not roll over back to zero, done +  jnz .done_ABS +  ; increment the 2nd word +  inc word [si+2] +  ; if it rolled over, increment the next word +  jnz .done_ABS +  inc word [si+4] +  jnz .done_ABS +  ; this cannot roll over +  inc word [si+6] +  ; check most significant bit once more +  test [si+7], byte 0x80 +  ; if it is not set we were successful, done +  jz .done_ABS +  ; overflow error, it reverted to Negative +  stc +  ; set Carry Flag and return +  ret +.done_ABS: +  ; Success, clear Carry Flag and return +  clc +  ret +``` + +As you may have noticed in the example, there is an issue that can occur in the function. Because of how positive and negative numbers are represented as binary values, the maximum negative number cannot be made positive. For 8-bit numbers, the maximum negative value is **-128**. If you flip all of the bits for **-128** (binary1__0000000), you get **127** (binary0__1111111) the maximum positive value. If you add **1** to that result, it will overflow back to the same negative number (-128). + +To turn a positive number negative, you can just repeat the process you used to get the absolute value. The example procedure is very similar, except you want to make sure the number is not already negative at the start. + +``` +; syntax, NASM for DOS +proc_NEG: +  ; on entry, the SI points to the memory location +  ; for the number to be made negative. +  ; on exit, the Carry Flag is always clear. +  ; check most significant bit of highest byte +  test [si+7], byte 0x80 +  ; if it is set, the number is negative +  jnz .done_NEG +  not word [si+6]       ; flip all the bits of word #4 +  not word [si+4]       ; word #3 +  not word [si+2]       ; word #2 +  not word [si]                 ; word #1 +  inc word [si]                 ; increment the 1st word +  ; if it did not roll over back to zero, done +  jnz .done_NEG +  ; increment the 2nd word +  inc word [si+2] +  ; if it rolled over, increment the next word +  jnz .done_NEG +  inc word [si+4] +  jnz .done_NEG +  ; this cannot roll over or revert back to +  inc word [si+6] +  ; positive. +.done_NEG: +  clc                   ; Success, clear Carry Flag and return +  ret +``` + +With all of that shared code between the absolute and negative functions, they should be combined to save some bytes. There are additional benefits when such code is combined. For one, it helps prevent simple typographic errors. It also can reduce testing requirements. Moreover, the source generally becomes easier to read, follow, and understand. Sometimes with a long series of assembly instructions, it is easy to lose track of what is actually happening. But for now, we can move along. + +Getting the absolute or negative value of a number was not very difficult. But, those functions will be critically important later on when we start doing math on signed integers. + +Now that I've covered the basics of how integer numbers are represented at the bit level and created a couple of basic routines to manipulate them a little, we can get to the fun stuff. + +Let's do some math! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/64-bit-math + +作者：[Jerome Shidel][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/shidel +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed + From 3efb83d1da6eeaf83055beb361b17c493faa8415 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:49:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 30/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221026.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Tips?= =?UTF-8?q?=20for=20using=20the=20Linux=20test=20command.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️⭐️ Tips for using the Linux test command.md | 170 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 170 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221026.1 ⭐️⭐️ Tips for using the Linux test command.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221026.1 ⭐️⭐️ Tips for using the Linux test command.md b/sources/tech/20221026.1 ⭐️⭐️ Tips for using the Linux test command.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26fdd9970f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221026.1 ⭐️⭐️ Tips for using the Linux test command.md @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +[#]: subject: "Tips for using the Linux test command" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/test-command-linux" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Tips for using the Linux test command +====== + +The [ and test commands are vital conditional statements when scripting. + +The `[` command, often called a "test," is a command from the GNU Core Utils package, and initiates a conditional statement in Bash. Its function is exactly the same as the `test` command. When you want to execute a command only when something is either true or false, use the `[` or the `test` command. However, there's a significant difference between `[` or `test` and `[[`, and there's a technical difference between those commands and your shell's versions of them. + +### [ vs test commands in Linux + +The `[` and the `test` commands, installed by the GNU Core Utils package, perform the same function using a slightly different syntax. (You might find it difficult to search for documentation using the single left-square bracket character, however, so many users find `test` easier to reference.) Bash and similar shells happen to also have the `[` and the `test` commands built-in, and the built-in versions supersede the ones installed in `/usr/bin`. In other words, when you use `[` or `test`, you're probably not executing `/usr/bin/[` or `/usr/bin/test`. Instead, you're invoking what's essentially a function of your Bash shell. + +You might wonder why `[` or `test` exist in `/usr/bin` at all. Some shells, such as [tcsh][1], don't have `[` and `test` built-in, so if you want to use those commands in that shell, you must have them installed as separate binaries. + +The bottom line is that as long as you don't get an error when you type a command starting with `[` or `test`, then you've got everything you need. It almost never matters whether your shell or your `bin` directory is providing the commands. + +### Testing for a file + +It's common to want to know whether a file exists, often so you can confidently proceed with some action, or so you can avoid "clobbering" it with a file of the same name. In an interactive shell session, you can just look to see whether the file exists but in a shell script, you need the computer to determine that for itself. The `-e` option tests whether a file exists, but its apparent response is the same either way. + +``` +$ touch example +$ test-e example +$ test-e notafile +$ +``` + +The `[` and `test` commands are essentially switches. They emit a `true` or `false` response, but considers both of them as success. You can put this to use by pairing the commands with logical operators, such as `&&` and `||`. The `&&` operator is executed when a response is `true`: + +``` +$ touch example +$ test-e example &&echo"foo" +foo +$ test-e notafile &&echo"foo" +$ +``` + +The `||` operator executes when a response is `false`: + +``` +$ touch example +$ test-e example ||echo"foo" +$ test-e notafile ||echo"foo" +foo +$ +``` + +If you prefer, you can use square brackets instead of `test`. In all cases, the results are the same: + +``` +$ touch example +$ [-e example ] && echo "foo" +foo +$ [-e notafile ] && echo "foo" +$ +``` + +### Testing for file types + +Everything in Linux is a file, so when you can test for the existence of a directory with the `-e` option, the same way you test for a file. However, there are different kinds of files, and sometimes that matters. You can use `[` or `test` to detect a variety of different file types: + +- `-f`: regular file (returns `false` for a directory) +- `-d`: directory +- `-b`: block (such as `/dev/sda1`) +- `-L` or `-h`: symlink +- `-S`: socket + +There are more, but those tend to be the most common. + +### Testing for file attributes + +You can also look at metadata of a file: + +- `-s`: a file with the size greater than zero +- `-N`: a file that's been modified since it was last read + +You can test by ownership: + +- `-O`: a file owned by the current primary user +- `-G`: a file owned by the current primary group + +Or you can test by permissions (or file mode): + +- `-r`: a file with read permission granted +- `-w`: a file with write permission granted +- `-x`: a file with execute permission granted +- `-k`: a file with the sticky bit set + +### Combining tests + +You don't always just have to test for a single attribute. The `-a` option ("and") allows you to string several tests together, with the requirement that all tests return as `true`: + +``` +$ touch zombie apocalypse now +$ test-e zombie -a-e apocalypse -a-e now &&echo"no thanks" +no thanks +``` + +If any expression fails, then the test returns `false`: + +``` +$ touch zombie apocalypse now +$ test-e plant -a-e apocalypse -a-e now &&echo"no thanks" +$ +``` + +The `-o` option ("or") requires that one expression is true: + +``` +$ touch zombie apocalypse now +$ test-e zombie -o-e plant -o-e apocalypse &&echo"no thanks" +no thanks +``` + +### Integer tests + +You can also test integers. That's not necessarily directly useful (you probably inherently know that 0 is less than 1, for instance) but it's invaluable when you're using variables in a script. + +The operators are fairly intuitive once you understand the schema: + +- `-eq`: equal to +- `-ne`: not equal +- `-ge`: greater than or equal to +- `-gt`: greater than +- `-le`: less than or equal to +- `-lt`: less than + +Here's a simple example: + +``` +$ nil=0 +$ foo=1 +$ test$foo-eq$nil||echo"Those are not equal." +Those are not equal. +$ test$foo-eq1&&echo"Those are equal." +``` + +Of course, you can combine tests. + +``` +$ touch example +$ test$foo-ne$nil-a-e example -o-e notafile &&echo"yes"yes +``` + +### Testing testing + +The `[` and `test` commands are vital conditional statements when scripting. These are easy and common ways to control the flow of your code. There are yet more tests available than what I've covered in this article, so whether you used Bash, tcsh, ksh, or some other shell entirely, take a look at the man page to get the full spectrum of what these commands offer. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/test-command-linux + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/article/20/8/tcsh From d3936e1120a1b7a6705c9491fd169325ced87aea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:50:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 31/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221025.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Tran?= =?UTF-8?q?sfer=20files=20and=20folders=20from=20Windows=20to=20Linux=20wi?= =?UTF-8?q?th=20PSCP.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...les and folders from Windows to Linux with PSCP.md | 139 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 139 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221025.0 ⭐️⭐️ Transfer files and folders from Windows to Linux with PSCP.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221025.0 ⭐️⭐️ Transfer files and folders from Windows to Linux with PSCP.md b/sources/tech/20221025.0 ⭐️⭐️ Transfer files and folders from Windows to Linux with PSCP.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e818f79a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221025.0 ⭐️⭐️ Transfer files and folders from Windows to Linux with PSCP.md @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +[#]: subject: "Transfer files and folders from Windows to Linux with PSCP" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/transfer-files-windows-linux-pscp" +[#]: author: "Paul https://opensource.com/users/plaubscher" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Transfer files and folders from Windows to Linux with PSCP +====== + +The open source PSCP utility makes it easy to transfer files and folders between Windows and Linux computers. + +Are you looking for a way to quickly transfer files from your Windows computer to your Linux computer and back again? The open source PSCP utility makes it easy to transfer files and folders, and of course it's open source. + +### Setting your PATH in Windows + +Knowing how to set your command path in Windows makes it easier to use a handy utility like PSCP. If you're unfamiliar with that process, read [how to set a PATH on Windows][1]. + +### Using PSCP + +PSCP (PuTTY Secure Copy Protocol) is a command-line tool for transferring files and folders from a Windows computer to a Linux computer. + +- Download `pscp.exe` from its [website][2]. +- Move `pscp.exe` to a folder in your PATH (for example, `Desktop\App` if you followed the PATH tutorial here on [Opensource.com][3]). If you haven't set a PATH variable for yourself, you can alternately move `pscp.exe` to the folder holding the files you're going to transfer. +- Open Powershell on your Windows computer using the search bar in the Windows taskbar (type 'powershell` into the search bar.) +- Type `pscp –version` to confirm that your computer can find the command. + +### IP address + +Before you can make the transfer, you must know the IP address or fully-qualified domain name of the destination computer. Assuming it's a computer on your same network, and that you're not running a DNS server to resolve computer names, you can find the destination IP address using the `ip` command on the Linux machine: + +``` +[linux]$ ip addr show |grep'inet ' +inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo +inet 192.168.1.23/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0 +``` + +In all cases, 127.0.0.1 is a loopback address that the computer uses only to talk to itself, so in this example the correct address is 192.168.1.23. On your system, the IP address is likely to be different. If you're not sure which is which, you can try each one in succession until you get the right one (and then write it down somewhere!) + +Alternately, you can look in the settings of your router, which lists all addresses assigned over DHCP. + +### Firewalls and servers + +The `pscp` command uses the OpenSSH protocol, so your Linux computer must be running the OpenSSH server software, and its firewall must allow SSH traffic. + +If you're not sure whether your Linux machine is running SSH, then run this command on the Linux machine: + +``` +[linux]$ sudo systemctl enable--now sshd +``` + +To ensure your firewall allows SSH traffic, run this command: + +``` +[linux]$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-servicessh--permanent +``` + +For more information on firewalls on Linux, read [Make Linux stronger with firewalls][4]. + +### Transfer the file + +In this example, I have a file called `pscp-test.txt` that I want to transfer from `C:\Users\paul\Documents` on my Windows computer to my destination Linux computer home directory `/_home_/paul`. + +Now that you have the `pscp` command and the destination address, you're ready to transfer the test file `pscp-test.txt`. Open Powershell and use the `dir` command to change to the `Documents` folder, where the sample file is located: + +PS> dir %USERPROFILE%\Documents\ + +Now execute the transfer: + +``` +PS> pscp pscp-test.txt paul@192.168.1.23:/home/paul| Password: +End of keyboard-interactive prompts from server +pscp-test.txt |0 kb |0.0 kB/s | ETA: 00:00:00 |100% +``` + +Here's the syntax, word for word: + +- `pscp`: The command used to transfer the file. +- `pscp-test.txt` is the name of the file you want to transfer from Windows. +- `paul@192.168.1.23` is my username on the Linux computer, and the IP address of the Linux computer. You must replace this with your own user and destination information. Notice that `pscp` requires a destination path on the target computer, and `:/home/paul` at the end of the IP address specifies that I want the file copied to my home folder. + +After you authenticate to the Linux computer, the `pscp-test.txt` file is transferred to the Linux computer. + +### Verifying the transferred + +On your Linux computer, open a terminal and use the `ls` command to verify that the file `pscp-test.txt` appears in your home directory. + +``` +[linux]$ ls +Documents +Downloads +Music +Pictures +pscp-test.txt +``` + +### Copying a file off of a Linux system + +You aren't limited to just copying files to your Linux system. With `pscp`, you can also copy a file from Linux onto Windows. The syntax is the same, only in reverse: + +``` +PS> pscp paul@192.168.1.23:/home/paul/pscp-test.txt %USERPROFILE%\Documents\pscp-win.txt +``` + +Here's the syntax: + +- `pscp`: The command used to transfer the file. +- `paul@192.168.1.23:/home/paul/pscp-test.txt` is my username on the Linux computer, the IP address of the Linux computer, and the path to the file I want to copy. +- `%USERPROFILE%\Documents` is the location on my Windows computer where I want to save the file. Notice that in copying the file back to my Windows computer, I can give it a new name, such as `pscp-win.txt`, to differentiate it from the original. You don't have to rename the file, of course, but for this demonstration it's a useful shortcut. + +Open your file manager to verify that the `pscp-win.txt` file was copied to the Windows `C:\Users\paul\Documents` path from the Linux computer. + +![Image of a file manager.][5] + +### Remote copying + +With the power of the open source `pscp` command, you have access to any computer in your house, and servers you have accounts on, and even mobile and [edge devices][6]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/transfer-files-windows-linux-pscp + +作者：[Paul][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/plaubscher +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/set-path-powershell +[2]: https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html +[3]: http://Opensource.com +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/make-linux-stronger-firewalls +[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/Filemanager.pscp_.png +[6]: https://opensource.com/tags/edge-computing From 49cfdd676f0bb41b680dbeaec43e6f0507550c5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:51:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 32/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221024.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20display=20c?= =?UTF-8?q?ommits=20created=20on=20a=20specific=20day=20with=20the=20git?= =?UTF-8?q?=20log=20command.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... on a specific day with the git log command.md | 66 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md b/sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3df3f70944 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/git-log-command" +[#]: author: "Agil Antony https://opensource.com/users/agantony" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command +====== + +The git log command is an important reporting tool and yet another reason to use Git. + +The `git log` command offers many opportunities to learn more about the commits made by contributors. One way you might consume such information is by date. To view commits in a Git repository created on a specific date or range of dates, use the `git log` command with the options `--since` or `--until`, or both. + +First, checkout the branch you want to inspect (for example, `main`): + +``` +$ git checkout main +``` + +Next, display the commits for the current date (today): + +``` +$ git log--oneline--since="yesterday" +``` + +Display commits for the current date by a specific author only (for example, `Agil`): + +``` +$ git log--oneline--since="yesterday"--author="Agil" +``` + +You can also display results for a range of dates. Display commits between any two dates (for example, 22 April 2022 and 24 April 2022): + +``` +$ git log--oneline--since="2022-04-22"--until="2022-04-24" +``` + +In this example, the output displays all the commits between 22 April 2022 and 24 April 2022, which excludes the commits done on 22 April 2022. If you want to include the commits done on 22 April 2022, replace `2022-04-22` with `2022-04-21`. + +Run the following command to display commits between any two dates by a specific author only (for example, `Agil`): + +``` +$ git log--oneline--since="2022-04-22" \--until="2022-04-24"--author="Agil" +``` + +### Reporting + +Git has many advantages, and one of them is the way it enables you to gather data about your project. The `git log` command is an important reporting tool and yet another reason to use Git! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/git-log-command + +作者：[Agil Antony][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/agantony +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed + From 2c69835daac8fc44fdecc47f44200b128795c42b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:52:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 33/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221024.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20A=20PWA=20is=20the=20web=20browser.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...21024.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md | 145 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 145 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md b/sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8605a64907 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +[#]: subject: "A PWA is the web browser" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/pwa-web-browser" +[#]: author: "Alex Borsody https://opensource.com/users/alexborsody" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +A PWA is the web browser +====== + +While progressive web apps (PWAs) are still in their early stages of development, they have the potential to revolutionize the way we use the web. + +A progressive web app (PWA) is a web application that uses modern web technologies to deliver a user experience equal to any mobile app. An active open source community, in conjunction with tech leaders like Google and Microsoft, pushes the PWA agenda forward in an effort to "bridge the app gap." + +Basically, a PWA runs your app in a web browser. Because there's essentially a two-party system of the Play and App stores, the focus is on two browsers: Google Chrome and Apple Safari (built on top of the open source Chromium and WebKit, respectively). + +I won't be covering creating desktop apps. For more information on that topic, look into [Electron][1]. + +PWAs are built the same way as any website or web app. They use the latest mobile technologies and implement UX best practices. PWAs can also hook the browser in with native code to improve the experience. + +If you type "What is a PWA" in your favorite search engine, you'll probably get a stock response similar to "PWAs are designed to be fast, reliable, and engaging, with the ability to work offline and be installed on a device's home screen." While this is partly true, it's just the tip of the iceberg for what a PWA has the potential to be and what it's evolving into, even as I write this article. + +### What is not a PWA + +The following are cross-platform app frameworks allowing you to develop from a single codebase. They do not use the browser as their platform. + +- Flutter +- React Native + +Flutter uses a language called Dart, which compiles to iOS, Android, and web packages. React Native does the same but compiles JavaScript on the backend. + +### What is a PWA by definition? + +A PWA, by its original definition, must meet these three requirements: + +- **Service worker:** Provides offline functionality. +- **Web manifest:** JSON markup to configure home screen and app icons. +- **Security:** HTTPS is enforced, because a service worker runs in the background. + +These components allow you to pass the [Google Lighthouse PWA audit][2] and get the green checkmark on your score. + +![Google Lighthouse score, including performance, accessibility, best practices, SEO, and PWA][3] + +Once you satisfy these requirements, Chrome's "add to home screen" prompt is also automatically enabled. + +PWA Builder (a free service provided by Microsoft) has an excellent UI for building a PWA and visualizing base requirements. See the following example based on developers.google.com. You can demo this functionality [here][4] provided by the [PWA module][5] I discussed in [my previous article][6]. + +![Google Developer's interface displaying Service Workers][7] + +![Google Developer's interface displaying Manifest][8] + +The base requirements of a PWA allow offline behavior through the service worker, and the `manifest.json` file allows "add to home screen" behavior on Android, where your website gets added as an icon to the home screen and opens with no-browser Chrome (in fullscreen) with an app splash page. These are the minimum requirements for a PWA and, aside from providing a performance increase due to the offline caching, mainly give the illusion the website is an app. It's a psychological gap at its core where the end user will stop thinking of the browser as merely "websites" and instead look at it for what it actually is… an app platform. Google seemed to make this a priority to pave the way for developing the endless number of features, functionality, and UX/UI enhancements that actually provide an enhanced "app-like experience." + +A PWA is really a collection of browser technologies and web development techniques and technologies that make a website more "app-like." I have broken these down into the following categories. + +#### Enhanced app-like experience + +- HTML/CSS/Javascript + +- Improved UX/UI experience on a mobile device +- Native device access and enhanced web capabilities +- Speed and performance + +#### What a PWA can be today beyond the definition + +Here are more details on the three experience descriptions above. + +**UX/UI improvements** + +UX/UI and visual problem-solving are critical to making your website feel like an app. This often manifests as attention to details such as animations, input/font sizes, scrolling issues, or other CSS bugs. It's important that there is a strong frontend development team so they can create this UX. Within the category of design and UX are the enhancements we can implement with the building blocks of a web document (HTML/JSS/JS). Two examples of this are: + +- [**Hotwire Turbo**][9]: An open source framework using HTML over the wire to reload only the areas of your page that change using AJAX or WebSockets. This offers the performance improvements that SPAs strive for using only limited JavaScript. This approach is perfect for your monolithic application or template-rendering system; no need to invest in the added complexity of decoupling your front and back end. +- **Mobile-specific SPA frameworks:** There are several decoupled frameworks out there that can give your website an app-like user experience. Onsen UI and Framework 7 are two excellent options that help you create a fast, responsive user interface for your website. However, you do not need to rely on these frameworks. As discussed above, a good frontend team can build the UI you strive for by implementing the latest app-like mobile design techniques. + +[This slide][10] goes into more detail about staying current with HTML/CSS/JS in your PWA. + +**Web capabilities** + +The Chromium team is constantly improving the browser experience. You can track this progress in [Project Fugu][11], the overarching web capabilities project. WebKit also continually strives to improve its browser experience and capabilities. + +The Swift API can also interact with the WKWebView to enhance the native experience. + +Google has a service called Bubblewrap, which works with Trusted Web Activity (TWA). All this does is wrap your PWA-enabled website in a native APK bundle so you can submit it to the app store. This is how the PWA builder link mentioned above works for Android. You can learn all about WKWebView and TWA in my previous article. + +**Speed and performance** + +There are countless ways to improve your app's performance. Check out the [Google PageSpeed tools][12] to start. + +#### Benefits of using a PWA include the following: + +- Increased Lighthouse score and SEO. +- A single codebase. +- Frictionless testing. +- Instant feedback loop for development cycles. +- Use of managed PaaS web deployment workflows. +- Web technologies are a skill set for a wide array of developers. +- The only cross-platform development solution that delivers a full-fledged web experience. +- Unlimited options to customize a design without relying on a cross-platform framework's limited UI components. +- Reach users with limited (or no) internet connection. + +There are some drawbacks/caveats to using a PWA, including: + +- **Limited functionality**: There is still an "app gap" with PWAs compared to native device access. However, browsers have been making great progress toward closing this. Learn more about Project Fugu's take on bridging the app gap from [Thomas Steiner][13], and visit [What web can do][14] to see your browser's capabilities. When choosing your technology, there is a good chance your PWA project will be in the majority of apps that do not experience restrictions regarding capability/functionality. +- **Lack of standardization**: Thomas Steiner's interview above discusses a "PWA standard," which is currently lacking. In my opinion, it is the reason for much of the confusion around the topic and developers' difficulty getting past that first "aha moment." This confusion has led to slower momentum in technology than there should be. Also, because of this lack of clarity, marketing or management may not even know to ask for a PWA because they don't understand what it is. +- **iOS App Store**: App stores don't currently list PWAs, so they're harder to find than native apps. There are ways to do this. However, the key is to make your web app as good or a better experience than native. Do it right, and the Apple gods will smile upon you because the most important thing in reviews seems to be that you deliver a good mobile experience. Ionic, a framework utilizing WKWebView in native iOS apps before PWA was even a term, has some interesting insight [in their forums][15]. If you know what you are doing, this won't be a problem. You can see the "get your web app in the app stores" section of [my previous Opensource.com article][6] for more info. +- **Potential security issues in certain cases**: The browser uses cookies as authentication. A tried and true browser method to maintain state since its inception, this may not fit your project's needs. The browser has excellent password management and is constantly evolving and implementing other authentication methods, such as [Webauthn][16]. The use of [associated domains][17] provides another layer of security. + +I believe that compared to the alternatives, "the web is winning," and future progress will minimize these drawbacks as the web offers new capabilities. I don't think native development will disappear, but there will be more seamless integrations between WebView and native code. + +### Wrap up + +While PWAs are still in their early stages of development, they have the potential to revolutionize the way we use the web. Every day I see a new website pushing the limits of what a PWA can be. Whether the management knows they are building a PWA or not, I often come across web apps and dev teams that surprise me with how they expand the use of web technologies or pass on a native app in lieu of a well-optimized mobile website. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/pwa-web-browser + +作者：[Alex Borsody][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/alexborsody +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.electronjs.org/ +[2]: https://web.dev/lighthouse-pwa/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/GoogleLighthouseScore.jpg +[4]: https://ctrl.carbonpay.io/user/login +[5]: https://www.drupal.org/project/pwa +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/drupal-pwa +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/GoogleServiceWorkers.jpg +[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/GoogleManifest.jpg +[9]: https://hotwired.dev/ +[10]: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1D7-H7om4Ul6nFeIX2x1oSpKCvC7LRUP3uh0r7jM3IVs/edit#slide=id.g126166aeb51_2_271 +[11]: https://developer.chrome.com/blog/fugu-status/ +[12]: https://developers.google.com/speed +[13]: https://devm.io/javascript/project-fugu-interview-steiner-168988 +[14]: https://whatwebcando.today/ +[15]: https://forum.ionicframework.com/search?q=minimum%20functionality +[16]: https://webauthn.io/ +[17]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/supporting-associated-domains From 92c6a5fe6632b650240f65fcab0f1043f34ef687 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:53:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 34/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ta?= =?UTF-8?q?lk]:=2020221024.2=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Remi?= =?UTF-8?q?xing=20Linux=20for=20blind=20and=20visually=20impaired=20users.?= =?UTF-8?q?md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md | 108 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20221024.2 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20221024.2 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md b/sources/talk/20221024.2 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fbbc0a73db --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20221024.2 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +[#]: subject: "Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/9/linux-visually-impaired-users" +[#]: author: "Vojtech Polasek https://opensource.com/users/vpolasek" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users +====== + +Vojtux, a Fedora project, is an unofficial Linux distribution aimed at visually impaired users. + +When I was around 5 years old, my father brought home our first computer. From that moment on, I knew I wanted to pursue a career in computers. I haven't stopped hanging around them since. During high school, when considering which specific area I wanted to focus on, I started experimenting with hacking, and that was the moment I decided to pursue a career as a security engineer. + +I'm now a software engineer on the security compliance team. I've been at Red Hat for over two years, and I work remotely in the Czech Republic. I've used Linux for about 12 years, mainly Arch Linux and Fedora, but I've also administered Debian, Gentoo, and Ubuntu in the past. + +![Image of Vojtech][1] + +Photo description: Black and white image of a smiling Vojtech, with a red frame around it and an illustrated paper airplane in the background. + +Outside of my day job, I play blind football, and I'm involved in various projects connecting visually impaired and sighted people together, including working in a small NGO that runs activities for blind and visually impaired people. I'm also working on an accessible Fedora project called [Vojtux][2], an unofficial Linux distribution aimed at visually impaired users. + +### The assistive technology stack + +When I use a smart device, I need several pieces of assistive technology. The first and most essential is called a screen reader. This is software that presents what's on the screen to blind or visually impaired people, either through speech or through braille (basically, it tries to serve as our eyes). It can read out notifications and tell me which button or page element I'm focusing on, allowing me to interact with graphical user interfaces. + +Screen readers use speech synthesis to speak aloud what appears on the screen. There are a variety of speech synthesizers, and some voices are more "natural-sounding" than others. The one I use, Espeak, is not very natural-sounding, but it's lightweight and fast. It also supports almost all languages, including Czech (which I use). + +Finally, I use a Braille display, a device that represents a line of text in Braille. I use this a lot, especially when I'm coding or doing code reviews. It's easier to grasp the structure of code when I can freely move from one code element to another by touch. I can also use its buttons to move the cursor to the character or area of the screen I'm interested in, and it has a Braille keyboard too if I want to use it. + +### How I use assistive technology on a daily basis + +When using a computer as a blind or visually impaired person, there are a couple of things that are relatively straightforward to do using the tech above. Personally, these are a few of the things I do every day: + +- The text console is pretty much my favorite application. As a general rule, when something's in text, then blind people can read it with a screen reader (this doesn't hold true in all cases, but in most.) I mainly use the console for system management, text editing, and working with guidance and documentation. +- I browse the web and interact with websites. +- I code and do code reviews using VSCode and [Eclipse][3]. +- I send emails and instant messages. +- I can use word processing software, like Google Docs (which is not open source, but common in the modern office) and [LibreOffice][4]. Google Docs developers have added a lot of keyboard shortcuts, which I can use to move around documents, jump to headings or into comments, and so on. +- I can play multimedia, usually. It depends on how the application is written. Some media players are more accessible than others. + +### Possible but painful + +This brings me to tasks that aren't so easy. I like to call these "possible but painful". + +PDF files can be difficult. Sometimes I end up needing to use optical character recognition (OCR) software to convert images to text. For example, recently I needed to read a menu for a restaurant. They had the PDF of their menu on their website, but it had been flattened, and didn't have a text layer. For me, this shows up as a blank screen. I had to use an OCR application from my smartphone to extract the text for me. Not only is this an extra step, but the resulting "translation" of the text isn't always entirely accurate. + +Viewing and creating a presentation can be problematic. To work around this, I create slides in HTML, using software such as [Pandoc][5], which can process [markdown][6] and convert it into slides. I've been using this for many years and it works well—it allows me total control of the resulting slides, because the markdown is just simple text. + +Video games can be made more accessible by basing them on sound or text. However, playing games can be doubly challenging on Linux as not only would you need to find an accessible game, but most PC games are also native to Windows so you would be dealing with some compatibility issues as well. + +Some websites and interfaces are more difficult to navigate than others. These issues are often quite easy to solve just by setting some attributes correctly. In general, lots of web content comes in the form of images, especially today. One of the easiest ways to make web content more accessible is to make sure that alternative text is added to images so that screen readers can read it out, and people who cannot distinguish the image have some idea what's there. Another thing I experience a lot is unlabeled controls: you know there's a button or a check box but you don't know what it does. + +### The Vojtux project optimises Linux for accessibility + +Developers don't intentionally set out to build applications that aren't accessible. The problem is that they usually don't know how to test them. There aren't many blind Linux users, so there aren't many people testing the accessibility of applications and providing feedback. Therefore, developers don't produce accessible applications, and they don't get many users. And so the cycle continues. + +This is one thing we hope to tackle with the Vojtux project. We want to create a Fedora remix that's user-friendly for visually impaired and blind users. We hope it will attract more users, and that those users start discovering issues to report, which will hopefully be solved by other developers in the open source community. + +So why are we doing this? Well, it's important to point out that Fedora is not an inaccessible distribution by design. It does have many accessibility tools available in the form of packages. But these aren't always present from the beginning, and there are a lot of small things which need to be configured before it can be proficiently used. This is something that can be discouraging to a beginner Fedora user. + +We want Vojtux to be as friendly and predictable for a blind user as possible. When a user launches a live image, the screen immediately starts being read as soon as a graphical user interface appears. All [environment variables][7] needed for accessibility are loaded and configured correctly. + +Vojtux brings the following changes, among others: + +- Environment variables for accessibility are configured from the start. +- The Orca screen reader starts as soon as the graphical interface loads. +- A custom repo is added with extra voice synthesis and packaged software. +- Many alternative keyboard shortcuts have been added. +- There's a special script that can turn your monitor on and off. Many users do not need the monitor at all and having it off is a great power saver! + +### So how can you help? + +First, if you'd like to contribute to Vojtux (or just spread the word), you can find out more on [our repository][2]. + +Additionally, when working on a team with someone who has a visual impairment, there might be some additional considerations depending on the accessibility tech being used. For example, it's not easy for us to listen to someone and read at the same time, because we are basically getting both things through audio, unless someone is very proficient with the Braille display. + +Lastly, bear in mind that blind and visually impaired users consume the same end products as you do, whether that's presentation slides or websites or PDFs. When building products or creating content, your choices have a huge effect on accessibility and how easy it is for us to engage with the end result. Know that we are here, we love to use computers and technology, and we're often willing to help you test it, too. + +![Image of Vojtech holding a football][8] + +Image description: Vojtech holding a football. He is wearing a football uniform and protective goggles. + +This article originally published in September 2022 and has since been updated with the project's official name, Vojtux. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/linux-visually-impaired-users + +作者：[Vojtech Polasek][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/vpolasek +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Vojtech.png +[2]: https://github.com/vojtapolasek/Fegora +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/eclipse +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/libreoffice-accessibility +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/intro-pandoc +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/introduction-markdown +[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/what-are-environment-variables +[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Vojtech%20holding%20a%20football.jpg From 186c30523f7063c3165e03e3fb0dd8e779489f74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 02:54:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 35/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221026.2=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20To=20Monitor=20F?= =?UTF-8?q?ile=20Changes=20Using=20fswatch=20In=20Linux.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Monitor File Changes Using fswatch In Linux.md | 250 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 250 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221026.2 ⭐️ How To Monitor File Changes Using fswatch In Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221026.2 ⭐️ How To Monitor File Changes Using fswatch In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221026.2 ⭐️ How To Monitor File Changes Using fswatch In Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..49583bfc3a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221026.2 ⭐️ How To Monitor File Changes Using fswatch In Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Monitor File Changes Using fswatch In Linux" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/monitor-file-changes-using-fswatch-linux/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How To Monitor File Changes Using fswatch In Linux +====== + +**Fswatch** is a free, open source multi-platform file change monitor utility that notifies us when the contents of the specified files or directories are modified or changed. Using fswatch, we can easily monitor the changes being made in files and/or directories. It supports all operating systems, including GNU/Linux, *BSDs, Mac OS X, Solaris, and Microsoft Windows etc. In this brief guide, let me show you how to **monitor file changes using fswatch** in Linux and Unix-like operating systems. + +### Types of monitoring + +Fswatch implements the following types of monitors. + +- A monitor based on the File System Events API of Apple OS X. +- A monitor based on kqueue, a notification interface introduced in FreeBSD 4.1. +- A monitor based on the File Events Notification API of the Solaris kernel and its derivatives. +- A monitor based on inotify, a Linux kernel subsystem that reports file system changes to applications. +- A monitor based on ReadDirectoryChangesW, a Microsoft Windows API that reports changes to a directory. +- A monitor which periodically stats the file system, saves file modification times in memory, and manually calculates file system changes. + +### Features + +Concerning about the features of fswatch, we can list the following: + +- Cross-platform and open source utility. +- Support for many OS-specific APIs. +- Recursive directory monitoring. +- Path filtering using including and excluding regular expressions. +- Customizable record format. +- Support for periodic idle events. +- And many. + +### Install fswatch in Linux + +The fswatch utility is available in the default repositories of popular Linux distributions. + +To install fswatch in Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Pop OS, and other APT-based systems, run: + +``` +$ sudo apt install fswatch +``` + +To install fswatch in Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux, **enable [EPEL] repository** using command: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install epel-release +``` + +And then install install fswatch using command: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install fswatch +``` + +To install fswatch in openSUSE, run: + +``` +$ sudo zypper install fswatch +``` + +#### Install fswatch from source + +If fswatch is not available for your distribution, you can manually compile and install the latest version from the source as described below. + +Before compiling, you need to **install Development tools** in your Linux distribution. To install Development tools on various Linux distributions, refer the following guide. + +- [**How To Install Development Tools In Linux**][1] + +Then, download the fswatch source file [**from here**][2]. + +``` +$ wget https://github.com/emcrisostomo/fswatch/releases/download/1.17.1/fswatch-1.17.1.tar.gz +``` + +Extract the downloaded tarball: + +``` +$ tar -zxvf fswatch-1.17.1.tar.gz +``` + +Go to the project's folder: + +``` +$ cd fswatch-1.17.1/ +``` + +Finally, compile and install fswatch by running the following commands one by one. + +``` +$ ./configure +``` + +``` +$ make +``` + +``` +$ sudo make install +``` + +Finally, run the following command to refresh the links and cache to the dynamic libraries: + +``` +$ sudo ldconfig +``` + +If you don't run the above command, you might get the following error in GNU/Linux systems. + +``` +fswatch: error while loading shared libraries: libfswatch.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory +``` + +Finally, check the fswatch version to make sure if it is installed correctly: + +``` +$ **fswatch --version** +fswatch 1.17.1 +Copyright (C) 2013-2021 Enrico M. Crisostomo . +License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later . +This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. +There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. + +Written by Enrico M. Crisostomo. +``` + +### Install fswatch in FreeBSD + +On FreeBSD, fswatch can be installed using `pkg` as `root`: + +``` +# pkg install fswatch-mon +``` + +### Monitor file changes using fswatch in Linux + +Usage of fswatch is no big deal. The typical syntax of fswatch is: + +``` +$ fswatch [options] ... path-0 ... path-n +``` + +To test how fswatch works, open two Terminal windows (Let us call them **Terminal 1** and **Terminal 2**). + +In Terminal 1, run the fswatch command to monitor the **`$HOME`** directory. + +``` +$ fswatch /home/ostechnix/ +``` + +And, in the Terminal 2 do some operations such as creating files/folders, deleting files, and modifying files etc. + +Whatever you do in the terminal 2 will be notified on the Terminal 1. Have a look at the following screenshots. + +**Terminal 1** - fswatch command is running and the file changes are being monitored: + +![Monitor File Changes Using fswatch][3] + +Monitor File Changes Using fswatch + +**Terminal 2** - Do some random changes in files/folders: + +![Do random changes in files or folders][4] + +Do random changes in files or folders + +By default, fswatch will choose the best monitor available on the current platform, in terms of performance and resource consumption. In Linux, **the default monitor is inotify**. + +By default, fswatch will keep monitoring the file changes until you manually stop it by invoking **`CTRL+C`** keys. + +### List monitors + +To list the available monitors in the current platform (i.e Linux in our case), run: + +``` +$ fswatch -M +``` + +Or, + +``` +$ fswatch --list-monitors +``` + +**Sample output:** + +``` +inotify_monitor +poll_monitor +``` + +### Monitor specific file or folder + +To monitor a specific file or directory with a particular monitor option, run: + +``` +$ swatch -m kqueue_monitor /home/ostechnix/ +``` + +You can also exit fswatch after the first set of events is received by specifying the option **`-1`** as shown in the following command: + +``` +$ fswatch -1 /home/ostechnix/ +``` + +This command will exit just after the first set of events is received. + +fswatch will monitor changes in all files/folders in the specified path. If you want to watch the changes made in the directories only, use **`-d`** option. + +``` +$ fswatch -d /home/ostechnix/ +``` + +Of course, there are more options. Refer the man pages or the [**project's documentation page**][5] for detailed instructions. + +``` +$ man fswatch +``` + +**Resource:** + +- [**fswatch GitHub Repository**][6] + +Featured Image by [Pete Linforth][7] from [Pixabay][8]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/monitor-file-changes-using-fswatch-linux/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/install-development-tools-linux/ +[2]: https://github.com/emcrisostomo/fswatch/releases +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Monitor-File-Changes-Using-fswatch.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Do-random-changes-in-files-or-folders.png +[5]: https://emcrisostomo.github.io/fswatch/doc/ +[6]: https://github.com/emcrisostomo/fswatch +[7]: https://pixabay.com/users/thedigitalartist-202249/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=3376230 +[8]: https://pixabay.com//?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=3376230 From 8cd7c70d34470ca99a69ea42aded5d45a9d5b5c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:06:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 36/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.4=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=2010?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Lightweight=20Linux=20Distributions=20for=20your=20Old=20Har?= =?UTF-8?q?dware=20in=202022.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...nux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md | 218 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 218 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.4 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.4 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md b/sources/tech/20221027.4 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1de1e201f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.4 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +[#]: subject: "10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022 +====== + +**We highlight a list of 10 lightweight Linux Distributions ideal for your older PC in 2022. We give you their features and what makes them perfect for reviving older hardware.** + +We believe that you should not throw away any hardware, especially PC and its components. Ideally, well-designed software should always run on any hardware. There are many [Linux Distributions][1] specifically designed for older hardware and PCs. And you can quickly revive them with the help of these Linux operating systems. In this post, we highlight ten such Linux Distributions which are lightweight and old hardware friendly in 2022. + +### 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions 2022 + +#### 1. Linux Lite + +The first lightweight Linux Distribution we feature in this list for 2022 is Linux Lite. Linux Lite is a continually developed and improved Linux Distribution based on Ubuntu and Debian. This decade-old Linux Distribution is perfect for your older hardware which needs a friendly and well-designed distro. The team markets this distro as an ideal starting point for Windows users who ends up with not supported hardware with Windows. The primary advantages of this distro are well customized and nice-looking Xfce desktop with an Ubuntu base, the latest Kernel and, of course, a 32-bit ISO image. + +![Linux Lite - Lightweight Linux Distributions][2] + +Linux Lite + +Advantages of Linux Lite: + +- Ubuntu-based +- Customized Xfce desktop +- Native applications +- 32-bit support +- Active development +- Minimum system requirement < 1 GB RAM + +[Download Linux Lite][3] + +#### 2. Puppy Linux + +The second distro that we feature in this list is Puppy Linux. Puppy Linux is a little different than traditional distros out there. It is designed to run from RAM without needing to install it in a physical system. If appropriately configured, you can save the sessions, plus it continues to work well even if you remove the bootable medium. + +![Puppy Linux - one of the best lightweight Linux Distribution in 2022][4] + +Puppy Linux – one of the best lightweight Linux Distribution in 2022 + +This Linux distro is binary compatible with Ubuntu LTS versions; the latest version is based on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. Since Ubuntu dropped the 32-bit support, the newest version dropped the 32-bit version. + +Puppy Linux use cases are perfect for older computers, Netbooks, and hardware with less than 1GB of RAM. At the core, it is run by superfast JWM (Jow’s Window Manager), Puppy Package Manager that supports .deb, .rpm and its native PET packages. + +Overall, it’s a perfect and well-designed Linux Distribution for older hardware, hands down. + +Features: + +- Based on the Ubuntu LTS Version +- It can run on low-end Netbooks +- Works directly from RAM even after removing the bootable media +- Unique package manager – Puppy Package Manager +- Powered by JWM + +#### 3. BunsenLabs Linux + +The third lightweight Linux distro in this list is BunsenLabs Linux, a successor of the Crunchbang project. The BunsenLabs Linux is based on the Debian Stable branch, bringing modern applications to your low-end system. This distro provides a 32-bit version image for low-end systems and a standard 64-bit system for your regular hardware. At the core, BunsenLabds is powered by a pre-configured OpenBox window manager with a stunning tint2 panel, pre-configured Conky and jgmenu. + +![BunsenLabs Linux -Lightweight Linux Distribution ][5] + +BunsenLabs Linux + +This is a well-designed, superfast, stable and nice-looking distribution for older systems. + +Feature summary: + +- Based on Debian Stable branch +- Openbox window manager with tint2 panel, conky and jgmenu +- It provides a 32-bit installer +- Help and support are available via official forums + +[Download BunsenLabs Linux][6] + +#### 4. Lubuntu + +Lubuntu is famous for being a lightweight Linux Distribution. It is an official Ubuntu Linux flavour that features the lightweight LxQt desktop environment. Lubuntu gives you modern Ubuntu Linux packages and technology while it features the LxQt for your low-end hardware. Although it might require some extra system resources compared to other distros in this list, it is still a go-to Linux distro for older hardware. + +![Lubuntu - Lightweight Linux Distribution ][7] + +Lubuntu + +If you need a moderately lighter Linux Distribution which is stable and works out of the box, then choose Lubuntu. + +[Download Lubuntu][8] + +#### 5. Absolute Linux + +The fifth lightweight Linux distribution is Absolute Linux, based on Slackware Linux. This distro packages all necessary day-to-day applications in its installer image so that you get a complete distro out of the box. Absolute Linux features the IceWM and ROX Desktop, which gives you ultimate speed while using it on your older hardware. It is systemd-free, which offers an extra advantage over other distributions. + +![Absolute Linux - Lightweight Linux Distributions][9] + +Absolute Linux + +Feature Summary: + +- Based on Slackware +- Systemd-free +- Packages necessary software +- Powered by IceWM and package manager Slapt-get + +[Download Absolute Linux][10] + +#### 6. antiX Linux + +Yet another lightweight Linux distribution we want to highlight is antiX Linux. The antiX Linux is based on Debian stable branch and has several attractive features. At its core, it uses IceWM, Fluxbox, and ROX Desktop options, giving you an excellent and fast desktop experience. It is entirely systemd-free and uses sysVinit and runit system. The antiX Linux also gives you a 32-bit installer and has four variants – Full, Core, Base and net catering to different use cases. + +![antiX Linux - Lightweight Linux Distributions][11] + +antiX Linux + +Features: + +- Based on Debian stable +- It provides a 32-bit installer +- Systemd free +- Powered by IceWM and other window manager flavours + +[Download antiX Linux][12] + +#### 7. LXLE + +The LXLE Linux is a spin of the Lubuntu LTS series with an LXDE desktop instead of an LXQt desktop. The choice of applications, installer and other features makes it a perfect distro for older hardware. It is ideal for reviving your old system with a stable Ubuntu-LTS base and a fast LXDE desktop environment. + +![LXLE Linux - Lightweight Linux Distributions][13] + +LXLE Linux + +However, in my personal opinion, I feel LXQt is a little faster than LXDE. Well, that feedback might be relative and can be different for you. There are not many Linux distributions today, which give you an LXDE flavour. Hence it is one of the unique and lightweight Linux distributions for your daily use. + +[Download LXLE][14] + +#### 8. Porteus Linux + +The Porteus Linux is a remix of Slackware Linux that features the old KDE 4.0+ desktop environment (before the KDE Plasma series). This superfast Linux distribution is perfect for your antique hardware because it is based on bleeding-edge Slackware and gives you a 32-bit version. This distro can run from Live USB or a CD, or any bootable media and comes with just 300 MB of installer size. + +If you love the old KDE (like me!) and Slackware simplicity, this is a perfect distro for you, even your new hardware. + +![Porteus Linux][15] + +Porteus Linux + +[Download Porteus Linux][16] + +#### 9. Q4OS + +Q4OS is a unique Linux Distribution in this list. It targets the older Windows systems, which have become obsolete today. Many older PCs used to run Windows XP and Windows 7. They no longer work well with Windows and some modern Linux Distributions because the modern and updated OS requires much more computing power and resources. + +Q4OS targets those use cases and give you a well-designed Linux Distribution with features such as a 32-bit installer, Windows installer, Trinity Desktop environments, pre-made Windows themes, etc. + +![Q4OS - KDE Plasma Edition][17] + +Q4OS – KDE Plasma Edition + +[Download Q4OS][18] + +#### 10. MX Linux + +The final Linux Distribution in this list is the famous MX Linux, which has made its features and uniqueness in recent times. However, I doubted whether I would list MX Linux as lightweight. Because in my opinion, it is a medium-weight Linux Distribution if you consider its KDE Plasma flavour. + +![MX Linux][19] + +MX Linux + +However, it has some features which make it a perfect candidate for lightweight Linux distributions. MX Linux is based on the Debian Stable branch and created with antiX components. It features its own MX Linux native applications for your additional workflow. You get KDE Plasma, Xfce and Fluxbox as desktop options. + +[Download MX Linux][20] + +### Summary & Conclusion + +If you look closely, most of the lightweight Linux distribution we listed here is based on Debian Linux. It is truly the “Universal Operating System”. Modern Linux Desktop Environments like GNOME 40+, and KDE Plasma with Systemd init systems are no longer compatible with older hardware. Also, as technology progresses, more software complexity is introduced, requiring higher-end systems. + +That said, I hope you get some idea about which lightweight Linux distributions to choose for your old laptop or PC from this list. Each of them serves different tastes and needs with one goal: to revive your older systems. So, take your pick. + +Cheers. + +Some image credit: Respective Linux Distributions + +This article, Top Ten Lightweight Linux Distributions of 2022, is filed under the [Top Ten List][21]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Lite.jpg +[3]: http://www.linuxliteos.com/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Puppy-Linux-one-of-the-best-lightweight-Linux-Distribution-in-2022.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/BunsenLabs-Linux.jpg +[6]: https://www.bunsenlabs.org/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Lubuntu.jpg +[8]: https://lubuntu.me/ +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Absolute-Linux.jpg +[10]: https://www.absolutelinux.org/ +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/antiX-Linux-1024x640.jpg +[12]: https://antixlinux.com/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/LXLE-Linux.jpg +[14]: http://www.lxle.net/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Porteus-Linux.jpg +[16]: http://www.porteus.org/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Q4OS-KDE-Plasma-Edition.jpg +[18]: https://q4os.org/ +[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MX-Linux-1.jpg +[20]: https://mxlinux.org/ +[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/top-10-list From ff4c777edac6c6f1e835e32659046e11fb470371 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:06:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 37/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.5=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Top?= =?UTF-8?q?=2010=20Most=20Beautiful=20Linux=20Distributions=20[Featured].m?= =?UTF-8?q?d?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...0 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured].md | 216 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 216 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.5 ⭐️⭐️ Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured].md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.5 ⭐️⭐️ Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured].md b/sources/tech/20221027.5 ⭐️⭐️ Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6b6fd5a35 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.5 ⭐️⭐️ Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured].md @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +[#]: subject: "Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured] +====== + +**We give you the top 10 beautiful Linux Distributions of 2022. They are a visual treat to your eyes while being a robust operating system.** + +The most fantastic thing about [Linux Distributions][1] is you can customize them to any extent to satisfy your visual needs. Whether based on Ubuntu or Fedora, you have all the tools you need to customize a Linux desktop. + +But, there are many Linux Distributions that looks stunning without any customization. The developers have made them so that you can experience the visual treat right after installation without any additional effort on customization. + +Hence, we compiled a list of the most beautiful Linux distributions you can try right now and give your PC a visual makeover. + +### Most Beautiful Linux Distributions of 2022 + +#### 1. Zorin OS + +The first Linux Distribution which we would like to feature is Zorin OS. The Zorin OS is a beautiful Linux distribution that uses Zorin Desktop based on GNOME. It is perfect for newcomers who want a nice desktop but are also productive at the same time. + +One unique feature of Zorin OS is its ability to transform its look to make it like any other operating system. That means the taskbar, application menu, and Dock can change with just one click option from its Layout settings, giving you the utmost flexibility and out-of-the-box experience while using ZorinOS. + +[Read more about Zorin OS][2] + +![Zorin OS 16 Desktop][3] + +Zorin OS 16 Desktop + +#### 2. Elementary OS + +The elementaryOS is one of the most beautiful Linux distributions today based on Ubuntu Long Term Support (LTS) release. This Linux Distribution uses the stunning Pantheon Desktop environment, whose look and feel is inspired by macOS. + +The elementary OS is perfect for those coming from macOS to the Linux world as they would find many things familiar, such as gestures and window decorations. + +However, you may not find many customization options available in elementary OS settings. You may need to depend on external script commands to make further customization. However, the default looks are beautiful and serve their purpose for the majority of users. + +The most significant advantage of elementary OS is its curated app store. The App Store provides you with all categories of applications specially designed for the elementary OS, which looks and works great. + +[Read more about elementaryOS][4] + +![elementary OS 6 ODIN Desktop][5] + +elementary OS 6 ODIN Desktop + +#### 3. Deepin OS + +The third distribution which we would like to highlight is Deepin OS. The Deepin OS is based on Debian and was created by Deepin Technology Co from China. It uses its own Deepin Desktop Environment based on Qt. The Deepin desktop looks incredible with its widgets, colour schemes, window decorations, and wallpapers that give you an out-of-the-box visual treat. + +With its well-polished visual components, you may think that it looks almost similar to macOS. And thanks to the Debian “stable” branch, Deepin OS is the perfect choice if you want an excellent-looking Linux distribution with stability. + +Why is Deepin OS beautiful? + +- Awesome Qt-based Deepin Desktop +- Native widgets and dark theme support +- Several options to customize the Dock +- Transparency, Window effects, CursDockheme, Icon Theme support +- Accent Color + +[Read more about Deepin OS][6] + +![Deepin 20 Desktop][7] + +Deepin 20 Desktop + +#### 4. Cutefish OS + +**Note**: Cutefish OS is currently undergoing a team change and will take time to get a new release. [Learn more here][8]. + +The fourth Linux Distribution which we feature here is [CutefishOS][9]. This Debian and Ubuntu-based Linux distribution feature a natively developed Cutefish desktop. This Linux Distribution is currently under development. But its looks are already making waves across the user’s base. + +Under the hood, CutefishOS is built upon Qt and KDE Framework. This efficient Linux Distribution with Cutefish desktop features the global menu feature at the top bar out of the box. + +The customization options are still being worked on as its currently under development. But with the latest release, you get the native dark mode, accent colour, animation effects, and dock position (left, right, bottom), among other options. + +You may go ahead if you want to experiment with a nice desktop that looks completely different. Also, you may go over the complete review and tutorials of this desktop presented below. + +[Cutefish OS Review][10] + +![Cutefish OS][11] + +Cutefish OS + +#### 5. Manjaro KDE Plasma + +The Manjaro Linux KDE Edition is one of the best-looking Linux distributions today. Based on Arch Linux, Manjaro KDE Edition features the stock KDE Plasma desktop environment with some additional tweaks and widgets. The green colour palette of Manjaro gives you a fresh look and feel. You can customize further with built-in KDE tools and settings and change icons and themes from KDE Stores. + +The Manjar KDE Edition is a perfect combination of performance and beauty with the power of Arch Linux. And it is an ideal starting point for the new Arch Linux users. + +[Read more about Manjaro KDE Desktop][12] + +![Manjaro KDE Plasma][13] + +Manjaro KDE Plasma + +#### 6. Garuda Linux + +The famous Garduda Linux is the 6th OS on this list. Garuda Linux is based on Arch Linux and brings a beautiful desktop for you. It features all major desktop environments with custom-designed icon themes and colour palettes. This operating system uses Zen Kernel, optimized for performance in your hardware. + +The look and feel are stunning in Garuda Linux. The macOS style looks like you get out of the box. The combination of neon icon theme, lovely colour palette, blur and Transparency with the global menu is perfect for its own. + +One of the primary advantages of Garuda is it provides you with the choice of all desktop environments – KDE Plasma, GNOME, Xfce, LXQt, MATE and others. + +[Read more about Garuda Linux][14] + +![Garuda Linux][15] + +Garuda Linux + +#### 7. Linux Mint Cinnamon Edition + +We all love Linux Mint because of its simplicity, elegance and stability. It is one of the most widely used and famous Linux distributions today. And perhaps the most used Linux distribution after Ubuntu. However, it is not that fancy-looking if you compare this with other Linux Distributions here in this list. + +But the default Cinnamon desktop looks clean and perfect if you like the legacy user interface, which looks fantastic. + +The Linux Mint Cinnamon edition is perfect for all users, especially new users of Linux or even those are migrating from Windows. The default looks and feels with Mint’s green colour palette look refreshing. + +If you cannot decide on an eye-candy Linux distribution with stability, choose the Linux Mint Cinnamon edition without a doubt. + +[Read more about Linux Mint][16] + +![Linux Mint 20 - Cinnamon Edition Desktop][17] + +Linux Mint 20 – Cinnamon Edition Desktop + +#### 8. Nitrux OS + +[Nitrux Linux][18]is based on Debian, which features a modified version of the KDE Plasma desktop called NX Desktop. This unique Linux distribution brings its own set of Nitrux applications built upon Maui kit and Qt. Nitrux is systemd-free and uses OpenRC as an init system. With all these unique features and stunning looks, it is one of the best Linux distributions today. + +Nitrux OS’s default look is perfectly designed with a modified KDE Plasma desktop with Kvantum theme engine, icon theme, colour palette and cursor theme. The team behind Nitrux OS also brings a separate desktop called Maui Shell, a beautiful convergent desktop that adapts itself based on screen size. + +If you need a KDE Plasma desktop with out-of-the-box modification with stability, then go for Nitrux OS. You won’t be disappointed. + +[Read more about Nitrux OS][18] + +![Nitrux 2.0 + Desktop][19] + +Nitrux 2.0 + Desktop + +#### 9. Ubuntu Kylin + +The Ubuntu Kylin is an official Ubuntu flavour designed explicitly for Chinese people who use a simplified Chinese script. However, it supports another language as well. + +This modified Ubuntu flavour uses Ubuntu Kylin User Interface (aka UKUI). The UKUI desktop is created using Qt to support MATE Desktop components. + +Ubuntu Kylin looks elegant, and it would remind you of a combination of GNOME and KDE Plasma in terms of looks and design. + +It features a nicely designed icon set, bottom taskbar, nice application view, app switcher, rounded corner, and more These features are carefully crafted. + +[Read more about Ubuntu Kylin][20] + +![Ubuntu Kylin Desktop][21] + +Ubuntu Kylin Desktop + +#### 10. Pop OS + +The Pop OS is developed by System76, which manufactures computer hardware. This Ubuntu-based Linux Distribution comes pre-installed in all the System6 hardware. However, you can separately download and install it from its official repository in your system. + +The Pop OS features the default GNOME desktop with additional tweaks and configurations. This desktop features the pre-GNOME 40-era desktop with several extensions and tweaks pre-configured. For example, you get a bottom dock that can be configured to move around on the desktop, a launcher to launch applications, rounded corners and many such features. This desktop also features auto-tiling and optimized keyboard navigation to make you more productive. + +The look and feel are clean and beautifully designed with a colour palette, built-in dark mode, rounded corners in the application window, and an icon theme. + +[Read more about Pop OS][22] + +![Pop OS 21.10 Desktop][23] + +Pop OS 21.10 Desktop + +### Closing Notes + +I hope this list of beautiful Linux distributions of 2022 helps you decide which one you want for your desktop or laptop. Because these are already configured to look beautiful, they are powerful. + +Take your pick and start your Linux journey. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions +[2]: https://zorin.com +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Zorin-OS-16-Desktop.jpg +[4]: https://elementary.io/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementary-OS-6-ODIN-Desktop.jpg +[6]: https://www.deepin.org/en/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Deepin-20-Desktop.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/cutefish-development-restarts/ +[9]: https://en.cutefishos.com/ +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/cutefish-os-review-2021/ +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Cutefish-OS-1024x581.jpg +[12]: https://manjaro.org/downloads/official/kde/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Manjaro-KDE-Plasma-1024x576.jpg +[14]: https://garudalinux.org/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Garuda-Linux-1024x577.jpg +[16]: https://linuxmint.com/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Linux-Mint-20-Cinnamon-Edition-Desktop.png +[18]: https://nxos.org/ +[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Nitrux-2.0-Desktop-1024x581.jpg +[20]: https://www.ubuntukylin.com +[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ubuntu-Kylin-Desktop.jpg +[22]: https://pop.system76.com/ +[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pop-OS-21.10-Desktop.jpg From ce176e612ab0d29792e5723e36c5c0ba633e2c4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:07:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 38/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.6=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Top?= =?UTF-8?q?=2010=20Linux=20Distributions=20for=20Programmers=20in=202022?= =?UTF-8?q?=20[Featured].md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...istributions for Programmers in 2022 [Featured].md | 229 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 229 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.6 ⭐️⭐️ Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 [Featured].md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.6 ⭐️⭐️ Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 [Featured].md b/sources/tech/20221027.6 ⭐️⭐️ Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 [Featured].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5cb6d9db74 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.6 ⭐️⭐️ Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 [Featured].md @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +[#]: subject: "Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 [Featured]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/top-linux-distributions-programmers-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 [Featured] +====== + +**We review the top 10 best Linux distributions for programmers and developers (in 2022) to help with their work and personal projects.** + +The developers or the programmers use various tools and applications for their job or projects. It includes code editors, programming language compilers, add-ons, databases, etc. If you categorise the workflow of a modern developer – it contains a typical workflow as below – + +- accessing to the code repo +- programming +- debugging +- testing +- deploying + +And this typical workflow may need a wide range of tools. A standard list might be like this – + +- Code editors +- Simple Text Editors +- Web browsers (all variants for a web developer) +- Database engine +- A local server +- The respective programming language compiler +- Debuggers +- Monitoring or profiling tools (executables or network) + +Arguably, Linux is the best choice for programming compared to Windows. I am not comparing macOS in this article for several reasons. The primary reason for Linux is the best is because packages and apps with modern technology come as pre-installed or very easy to install in Linux distributions than Windows. + +Hence, in this post, we would like to list the best Linux Distributions for programmers in 2022. + +### Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 + +#### 1. Fedora Workstation + +![Fedora 35 Workstation][1] + +Fedora 35 Workstation + +Perhaps the perfect Linux distribution among this list is Fedora Linux. Its default workstation edition for desktop brings an authentic GNOME desktop experience with its choice of packages. + +Fedora Linux default installation gives you all major development packages out of the box. They include PHP, OpenJDK, PostgreSQL, Django, Ruby on Rails, Ansible, etc. + +Installing additional applications such as Code editors and other packages are super simple with the dnf package manager. You can also take advantage of Software which is an app store where you can search and install applications with just a click of a button. + +Fedora Linux supports Snap and Flatpak, and that gives you more flexibility. You can also take advantage of the RPM Fusion repository in Fedora. The RPM Fusion repo gives you access to many free and non-free packages. Fedora Linux doesn’t want to include these packages in their main repo for license and other obvious reasons. + +You can check out the latest Fedora Linux on their official website below. + +[Download Fedora][2] + +#### 2. Ubuntu Linux + +![Ubuntu Desktop is a perfect Linux Distribution for Programmers][3] + +Ubuntu Desktop is a perfect Linux Distribution for Programmers. + +The second Linux distribution in this list is Ubuntu Linux. Ubuntu Linux is the most used Linux distribution today in server and desktop both. Ubuntu provides a long-term support release with five years of official support (plus another five years of maintenance support) and two short-term releases per year for power users. + +Due to its popularity, all the latest packages and application vendors provide Ubuntu (.deb) variants. The popularity also brings massive support in forums and documentation, perfect for developers, especially when you are stuck with errors during the development phase. Learn more about Ubuntu in the below link. + +[Download Ubuntu][4] + +#### 3. openSUSE + +openSUSE is one of the most stable and professionally built Linux distributions used in critical systems worldwide. This Linux Distribution is a go-to solution for enterprise-level workloads that include desktops, servers and thin clients. + +It has some advantages over Ubuntu and Fedora. First, it has two variants – Leap and Tumbleweed. The openSUSE Leap is a long-term support release (LTS) that provides up-to-date stability. The openSUSE Tumbleweed is a rolling release software that features bleeding edge packages. + +If you need the latest packages and hardware support for your development, then Tumbleweed is your choice. If you need stability and a longer-running system with low maintenance, choose openSUSE Leap. + +One of the advantages of using openSUSE for your development work is its package manager YaST. You can automate many activities with ease using the YaST package manager. + +On top of that, the openSUSE software delivery method is outstanding. Its software portal is on the web, which you can visit, search for a package and click install. + +If you are a little experienced in Linux compared to the new users, choose openSUSE for your development work. + +[Download openSUSE][5] + +#### 4. Manjaro Linux + +Manjaro Linux is an Arch Linux-based distribution that makes Arch installation easy. It is based on Arch Linux but brings several features such as a GUI installer like Ubuntu or Linux Mint, pamac installer, its curated repositories and more. Manjaro comes in three primary desktop flavours – GNOME, KDE Plasma and Xfce to cater to almost all user base. + +If you want Arch Linux and its rolling release package base for your development needs but do not want to get into the hassles of installing vanilla Arch, Manjaro is your perfect choice. + +[Download Manjaro][6] + +#### 5. Arch Linux + +While Manjaro and other Arch-based easy installation Linux distributions are out there, you may still want to get your hands dirty with the [vanilla Arch installation][7] with your custom desktop. + +This is more for power developers or programmers who want more control and a custom Linux operating system built for projects or needs. You may want to install Arch Linux with your favourite desktop to set up your development operating system in those cases. + +Suppose you are experienced in Arch Linux and computers in general. In that case, this is the best choice among all because it gives you complete control over each package in your custom build Linux operating system. + +[Download Arch Linux][8] + +#### 6. Pop OS + +The Pop OS (represented as Pop!_OS) was developed by computer manufacturer System76 for their series of hardware. Pop OS is free and open-source, based on Ubuntu. It follows the Ubuntu release cycle for its base while bringing additional tweaks, and packages customised for users. + +![Pop OS 21.10 Desktop Linux Distributions][9] + +Pop OS 21.10 Desktop + +Pop OS is perfect for programmers because it natively supports many programming languages based on Ubuntu. It markets itself as popular among computer scientists and programmers for its curated software centre, which has a dedicated section featuring applications for development and programming. + +On top of that, the COSMIC desktop (customised GNOME desktop) in Pop OS gives a unique experience to programmers with auto-tiling, a lovely colour palette, native dark mode and a wide range of settings. + +If you need an Ubuntu base and want a stable programmer-friendly Linux distribution, then choose Pop OS. + +[Download POP OS][10] + +#### 7. KDE Neon + +If you are a developer who feels comfortable in the KDE Plasma desktop and wants a Qt-based development environment, then KDE Neon is perfect for you. + +KDE Neon is a Linux distribution based on the Ubuntu LTS version with the latest KDE Plasma desktop, and KDE Framework packages. So, in KDE Neon, you get Ubuntu LTS stability with bleeding-edge KDE packages with Qt. + +This is a perfect Linux Distribution if you need a fast system with out-of-the-box applications, a friendly user interface and huge community support. + +[Download KDE Neon][11] + +#### 8. Debian + +Debian GNU/Linux needs no introduction. Debian’s stable branch is the base of Ubuntu and all its derivatives. Hence it is one of the primary and stable Linux. And it is perfect for your development environment because it gives you ultimate stability with multi-year support. + +Although, Debian’s stable branch is slightly conservative in adopting the latest packages. Debian maintainers carefully check and merge packages because the entire world (well, almost) depends on Debian stability. + +It is a perfect programming environment for advanced users and sysadmins if you want a stable and long-running dev environment with low maintenance effort. + +[Download Debian Linux][12] + +#### 9. Kali Linux + +The Kali Linux is developed by Offensive Security and primarily targets ethical hackers and penetration testers looking out for network vulnerabilities. It comes with tons of hacking tools and applications pre-installed. + +It can be a perfect Linux distribution for programmers and developers if you are experienced enough. Go for Kali Linux if you are well versed with Linux with some experience in navigating around errors and dependencies. + +[Download Kali Linux][13] + +#### 10. Fedora Labs Options + +And the final Linux Distribution in this list is a combination of Linux Distributions from Fedora Linux. + +Fedora Labs provides specially curated Linux Distributions for programmers, scientists and students with pre-loaded applications, respective packages and utilities. Many people are unaware of these, and when appropriately configured, they can act as perfect ready-made Linux distribution for you. + +Here’s a summary of them. + +**Fedora Scientific** + +- GNU Scientific Library for C/C++ +- MATLAB Compatible MGNU Octave +- LaTeX +- Maxima Computer Algebra System +- Gnuplot for drawing 2D and 3D graphs +- Pandas Python library for data science +- IPython +- Packages for Java and R programming languages + +- Combination of Scientific and numerical open-source tools with KDE Plasma desktop. +- Application list includes – +- Learn more about Fedora Scientific and [download it here][14]. + +**Fedora COMP NEURO** + +- Open source neuroscience applications and packages with GNOME Desktop environment. Learn more and [download it here][15]. + +**Fedora Robotics Suite** + +- Perfect Linux distribution combines the best open-source robotics applications and packages targeted to beginner and experienced Robotics scientists and programmers. +- Learn more and [download it here][16]. + +**Other solutions** from Fedora Linux include [Fedora Security Labs][17], [Fedora Astronomy][18] and [Fedora Python Classroom][19], which you want to check out. + +These Fedora Labs options can be perfect Linux distributions for programming projects or working in specific science fields. + +### Summary + +So, how do you choose your favourite among this list of best Linux Distributions for programmers? + +If you are unsure and want to have a development system up and running with minimal effort, go for Fedora Workstation or Ubuntu. + +If you have spare time or want more control over your system, like experimenting and being comfortable with occasional errors, then go for Arch Linux-based systems. + +Pop OS is also a good choice for new developers new to the Linux ecosystem. For specific needs, go to the Fedora Labs options. + +I hope this list of best Linux Distributions for programmers in 2022 gives you some guidance on choosing your favourite Linux distributions for programming and development. + +Cheers. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/top-linux-distributions-programmers-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Fedora-35-Workstation.jpg +[2]: https://getfedora.org/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ubuntu-Desktop-is-a-perfect-Linux-Distribution-for-Programmers.jpg +[4]: https://ubuntu.com/download +[5]: https://www.opensuse.org/ +[6]: https://manjaro.org/download/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ +[8]: https://archlinux.org/download/ +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pop-OS-21.10-Desktop.jpg +[10]: https://pop.system76.com/ +[11]: https://neon.kde.org/download +[12]: https://www.debian.org/distrib/ +[13]: https://www.kali.org/ +[14]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en/scientific/ +[15]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en/comp-neuro/ +[16]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en/robotics/ +[17]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en/security +[18]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en/astronomy +[19]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en/python-classroom From b7874a7500e54bc050bc210fbf1e49f55f1b01f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:07:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 39/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.7=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Mabo?= =?UTF-8?q?x=20Linux=20=E2=80=93=20Beautiful=20Arch=20Linux=20with=20Openb?= =?UTF-8?q?ox=20[Review].md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ux – Beautiful Arch Linux with Openbox [Review].md | 139 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 139 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.7 ⭐️⭐️ Mabox Linux – Beautiful Arch Linux with Openbox [Review].md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.7 ⭐️⭐️ Mabox Linux – Beautiful Arch Linux with Openbox [Review].md b/sources/tech/20221027.7 ⭐️⭐️ Mabox Linux – Beautiful Arch Linux with Openbox [Review].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd72e0caf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.7 ⭐️⭐️ Mabox Linux – Beautiful Arch Linux with Openbox [Review].md @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +[#]: subject: "Mabox Linux – Beautiful Arch Linux with Openbox [Review]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/mabox-linux-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Mabox Linux – Beautiful Arch Linux with Openbox [Review] +====== + +**Mabox Linux is a Manjaro Linux re-spin with a lightweight Openbox window manager, ready to use with pre-configured themes and utilities. We review the distribution in this post.** + +If you love window manager, rolling-release-based Arch Linux and are looking for a ready-made Linux distribution with this combination, try Mabox Linux. The Mabox Linux is built on top of the great Manjaro Linux with Openbox Window manager and several native utilities. + +Thanks to the Openbox, this Linux distribution is super-lightweight in resource consumption while being a beautiful desktop for everyone to use. The Mabox Linux tools adapted from BunsenLabs and inspired by Crunchbang brings some of their applications. + +Let’s do a deep dive on this awesome Linux Distribution. + +### Mabox Linux Review + +#### Installation and Live Medium + +One of the advantages of Mabox .ISO is it provides you free and proprietary drivers both the options during the LIVE medium boot process. This helps if you have NVIDIA or other hardware in the system. + +The LIVE desktop lets you install Mabox via the Calamares installer. The installation takes around 3 to 4 minutes on standard hardware, and it is error-free in my test. + +The installer is managed to detect the other operating systems in the test device. + +#### Look and Feel with Customization + +Mabox brings a pre-configured Openbox window manager. The stock version looks nice with dark skin and a menu with panels. + +The top panel is built using Tint2 and split into two sections. And Left panel gives you shortcuts to the main menu, file manager, web browser. Also, the panel have a different menu for the left and right-click mouse button. The right panel contains a resource monitor, volume control, screenshot shortcut and power menu. The top panel is not continuous and stay on top for application windows for certain themes. + +![Mabox Linux with Nord Theme][1] + +Mabox Linux with Nord Theme + +At the right section of the desktop, the pre-configured Conky script gives you system information with date, time, storage and other displays. + +The welcome window gives you quick start shortcuts on settings, help and support with links to documentation. + +The window managers are keyboard friendly and sometimes have trouble with the Mouse. But thanks to Openbox and pre-configured Mabox, you can easily use Mouse while increasing your productivity with nifty keyboard shortcuts. + +The right-click menu on the desktop gives you easily search and launch options. + +![Search and Launch from desktop][2] + +Search and Launch from desktop + +If you do not like the default look, you can customize it on your own with just a few clicks via Openbox and Tint2 panel configuration tool. + +![Main Application Menu][3] + +Main Application Menu + +Mabox has different themes as pre-set, including Panel and Concky scripts. You can click and apply with these stunning Mabox themes. It is one of the excellent features if you do not want to get into the hassles of configuring the panels, colours and Conky on your own. + +A good set of nice wallpaper gives you the flexibility to make it look more fabulous in no time. + +![Mabox Themes][4] + +Mabox Themes + +#### Applications + +Mabox Linux packages all necessary applications in its installer image. Here is a quick list of essential applications that are included. + +- Terminal – terminator +- Xpad – quick text pad +- File manager – PCManFM +- FSearch for desktop file search +- Flameshot screenshot utility +- Geany text editor +- Audacious music player +- Firefox web browser + +Mabox also includes its control centre to manage your system effectively. Mabox control center gives you the option to add/remove applications, update your system, launch several configuration windows for window manager components and many such options. + +If you cannot find any settings, you can easily find them in the Mabox control center via its logical grouping of system settings. + +![Mabox Control Center][5] + +Mabox Control Center + +#### What about the performance? + +The performance of Mabox Linux is super impressive. Thanks to the Openbox window manager, Mabox only uses around 350+ MB of RAM while the CPU hovers at 2% to 3% during the idle state. + +The default installation takes around 5.39 GB of disk space which is unbelievable with all these applications and settings programs pre-installed. + +It is so optimized that the highest app consuming more memory is Xorg with 90 MB. + +So, I thought of trying out heavy usage performance. And that performance is also surprising. I opened a file manager, Firefox, with three tabs, one text editor for development, a terminal window and the Control Center. With this workload, Mabox only consumes around 920 MB of memory and CPU at 6% to 7%. + +![Mabox Linux Heavy Workload Performance][6] + +Mabox Linux Heavy Workload Performance + +During the [review of several distributions][7], this is the first time I found a distro that did not cross 1 GB of memory during a heavy workload. But the results may vary in different use cases. Still, the metric is impressive. + +### Can Mabox Linux be used as daily driver? + +If you are familiar and comfortable with Arch Linux with the window manager, you can use Mabox Linux as a daily driver. A few well-packaged Arch Linux distros are available with a window manager, and Mabox is one of the best. + +![Mabox Linux Windows 95 preconfigured theme][8] + +Mabox Linux Windows 95 pre-configured theme + +### Summary + +I think the Mabox Linux team did a great job packaging all the components with Arch Linux and presented with a nice Linux Distribution. It does look stunning while consuming very few system resources. With the power of rolling-release based Arch Linux, I think you can trust this distro for long term usage. + +You can download Mabox Linux from its [official webpage][9]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/mabox-linux-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Mabox-Linux-with-Nord-Theme.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Search-and-Launch-from-desktop.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Main-Application-Menu.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Mabox-Themes.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Mabox-Control-Center.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Mabox-Linux-Heavy-Workload-Performance.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/linux-distro-review +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Mabox-Linux-Windows-95-preconfigured-theme-1.jpg +[9]: https://maboxlinux.org/ From bd2fd56369b06868af1f0c1b64b73d4490e9c74c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:09:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 40/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.2=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Customize=20GNOME=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Ubuntu=2020.04=20with=20this=20Productive=20Look.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...E in Ubuntu 20.04 with this Productive Look.md | 167 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 167 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.2 ⭐️ Customize GNOME in Ubuntu 20.04 with this Productive Look.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.2 ⭐️ Customize GNOME in Ubuntu 20.04 with this Productive Look.md b/sources/tech/20221027.2 ⭐️ Customize GNOME in Ubuntu 20.04 with this Productive Look.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8bdd34319 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.2 ⭐️ Customize GNOME in Ubuntu 20.04 with this Productive Look.md @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ +[#]: subject: "Customize GNOME in Ubuntu 20.04 with this Productive Look" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/customize-gnome-ubuntu-2020/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Customize GNOME in Ubuntu 20.04 with this Productive Look +====== + +**In one of the early [guides][1], I explained the overall look and feel of the GNOME desktop. How you can visually change the look from a mundane desktop to something nice and better. This guide explains some steps which give you an idea of how you can Customize GNOME in Ubuntu 20.04 with a productive look.** + +Thanks to extensions, the GNOME desktop can be transformed to anything from visual and overall productivity. GNOME extensions are very powerful if you know which one to use and what customizations to apply. + +There are hundreds of extensions on the official GNOME extension website. That means you can customize GNOME in many ways. The following steps are merely a guide to show you how you can customize Ubuntu 20.04 with GNOME With a productive look. + +### Customize GNOME in Ubuntu + +A default Ubuntu installation with GNOME desktop look like this without much configuration. This guide helps you to changes this look. + +![Before Customization - GNOME][2] + +Before Customization – GNOME + +#### Prerequisite + +Make sure GNOME Extension is enabled in your browser. If you don’t know how to – [check this guide][3]. Or, just visit the official GNOME Extension page [here][4]. You can get a popup message at the top saying the steps (see below). Follow the instructions to enable GNOME extensions for your browser. + +![GNOME Extensions Page][5] + +GNOME Extensions Page + +I hope you have the admin password of the Ubuntu 20.04 installation where you are trying this out. + +And, install the [GNOME Tweak Tool][6]. You can use Ubuntu Software to install Or, run below from the terminal. + +``` +sudo apt-get install gnome-tweaks +``` + +#### Install Extensions + +Open the [GNOME Extension website][4]. + +Then, install all the below extensions. Open the link and click on the “OFF” button to enable and install respective extensions. + +- [Dash to panel][7] +- [Tray icons][8] +- [Open Weather][9] +- [User Themes][10] +- [Arc menu][11] + +#### Configure the extensions + +##### Dash to Panel + +Once you install, the Dash by default moves to the bottom of the screen. Right click on the panel at the bottom and open ‘Dash to Panel Settings’. Change below settings. + +![Dash to Panel Settings][12] + +Dash to Panel Settings + +**On the Position Tab** + +- Disable the Show Applications Button +- Move the Date menu after System menu +- Change Desktop button width to 15px. +- Turn on the override panel theme background opacity. Give value to 50%. + +**On the style tab** + +- Change the running indicator style to dots. + +##### Tray icons + +- No need to change any settings. + +##### Open Weather + +- Change the display, City and the temperature unit if you like. + +##### User Themes + +- No need to change any settings. + +##### Arc Menu + +- Open Arc Menu Settings + +**General Tab** + +- Choose Display Arc menu on Dash to panel. +- Choose Hot Key for Arc menu to Left Super key. + +**Menu Layout Tab** + +- Choose Modern menu layout to Redmond Menu Style + +![Arc Menu Settings][13] + +Arc Menu Settings + +**Menu Theme** + +- Choose override menu theme. Keep the theme as default, or, you can change as you wish. + +**Button Appearance** + +- Change the icon to anyone. I have selected the Ubuntu icon. +- Change Icon size to 40px. + +At this stage, the menu and panel should look like this. + +![Panel and Menu][14] + +Panel and Menu + +Almost done, couple of additional settings are required now. + +- Open the GNOME Tweak tool and go to the Appearance tab. Choose Shell theme to Yaru Dark. +- Open Settings and change the Appearance to Dark. +- Then change the desktop wallpaper to a nice wallpaper. + +If all goes well, you should have a nice productive yet beautiful looking desktop with you. The Arc Menu itself is a big productivity booster. + +### Final desktop + +![GNOME Desktop After customization - Ubuntu][15] + +GNOME Desktop After customization – Ubuntu + +So, that’s it with the steps. This is merely a guide. You can play around with the settings in hundreds of ways to make the GNOME desktop best suitable for you. + +Wallpaper Photo by **[Ethan Wu][16]** from **[Pexels][17]** + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/customize-gnome-ubuntu-2020/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/05/customize-gnome-in-ubuntu-20-04-with-a-new-look/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Before-Customization-GNOME--1024x576.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/05/how-to-install-and-use-gnome-shell-extensions-in-ubuntu/ +[4]: https://extensions.gnome.org/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/GNOME-Extensions-Page.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/05/customize-your-ubuntu-desktop-using-gnome-tweak/ +[7]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1160/dash-to-panel/ +[8]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1503/tray-icons/ +[9]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/750/openweather/ +[10]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/ +[11]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1228/arc-menu/ +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Dash-to-Panel-Settings.jpg +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Arc-Menu-Settings.jpg +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Panel-and-Menu.jpg +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/GNOME-Desktop-After-customization-Ubuntu-1024x576.jpg +[16]: https://www.pexels.com/@ethanwu?utm_content=attributionCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=pexels +[17]: https://www.pexels.com/photo/closeup-photo-of-water-dew-on-glass-1425298/?utm_content=attributionCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=pexels From f7fa1add8a8f4719b3369e46e56c6a86654a0f88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:10:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 41/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.9=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Customize=20GNOME=20De?= =?UTF-8?q?sktop=20in=20Ubuntu=20with=20this=20Colorful=20Looks.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Desktop in Ubuntu with this Colorful Looks.md | 159 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 159 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.9 ⭐️ Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with this Colorful Looks.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.9 ⭐️ Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with this Colorful Looks.md b/sources/tech/20221027.9 ⭐️ Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with this Colorful Looks.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0268948c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.9 ⭐️ Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with this Colorful Looks.md @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +[#]: subject: "Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with this Colorful Looks" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/customize-gnome-ubuntu-2020-2/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with this Colorful Looks +====== + +**The default GNOME desktop in Ubuntu can be customized in many ways. There are many available GTK and icon themes which you can easily apply and transform your daily driver desktop to a different look without losing performance and productivity.** + +In this guide, I will apply one icon theme on top of the [earlier customization][1] we did for GNOME. If you are trying to configure the GNOME desktop look from a stock Ubuntu installation you can follow the below guide step by step. + +![Customize GNOME in Ubuntu - 1][2] + +Customize GNOME in Ubuntu – 1 + +### Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu + +To Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu in this guide, you need to enable GNOME Extensions, install GNOME Tweaks. You can do both with these quick steps. + +#### Enable Ubuntu for GNOME Extensions + +Open Firefox and visit the official GNOME Extension page [here][3]. You can get a popup message at the top saying the steps. Follow the instructions to enable GNOME extensions for your browser. + +#### Install GNOME Tweak Tool + +To install the [GNOME Tweak Tool.][4] You can use Ubuntu Software to install Or, run below from the terminal. + +``` +sudo apt-get install gnome-tweaks +``` + +#### Install Extensions + +Open the [GNOME Extension website][3]. + +Then, install all the below extensions. Open the link and click on the “OFF” at the right side of the page button to enable and install respective extensions. + +- [Dash to panel][5] +- [Tray icons][6] +- [Open Weather][7] +- [User Themes][8] +- [Arc menu][9] + +Not all these GNOME Extensions require configurations. We will configure the Dash to Panel, Open Weather, Arc Menu. + +#### Configure Dash to Panel + +After installation, the Dash by default moves to the bottom of the screen. Right, click on the panel at the bottom and open ‘Dash to Panel Settings’. Change the below settings. + +**On the Position Tab** + +- Disable the Show Applications Button +- Move the Date menu after the System menu +- Change Desktop button width to 15px. +- Turn on the override panel theme background opacity. Give value to 50%. + +**On the style tab** + +- Change the running indicator style to dots. + +#### Configure Open Weather + +Change the display, City, and temperature unit if you like. + +#### Configure Arc Menu + +Open Arc Menu Settings + +**General Tab** + +- Choose Display Arc menu on Dash to panel. +- Choose Hot Key for Arc menu to Left Super key. + +**Menu Layout Tab** + +- Choose Modern menu layout to Redmond Menu Style + +![Arc Menu Settings][10] + +Arc Menu Settings + +**Menu Theme** + +- Choose the override menu theme. Keep the theme as default, or, you can change as you wish. + +**Button Appearance** + +- Change the icon to anyone. I have selected the Ubuntu icon. +- Change Icon size to 40px. + +#### Additional Configurations + +Open the GNOME Tweak tool and go to the Appearance tab. Choose Shell theme to Yaru Dark.Open Settings and change the Appearance to Dark. + +#### Configure Icons + +In this guide, I have used the “BeautyLine” icon theme which you can download from the below link. This icon theme has a distinct and bright look and available icon sets for almost all generic applications. Once you apply, the overall desktop looks more focused on the dark theme backdrop. + +[Download BeautyLine icon pack][11] + +Once downloaded, extract the file. Then copy the top-level folder ‘beautyline” to the `/usr/share/themes`. + +- Open GNOME Tweak tool +- Go to the Appearance tab +- Change the Icon to BeautyLine +- Change the cursor to White glass. + +#### Configure Wallpaper + +For this guide, I have used the “[GNOME AGAIN][12]” wallpaper. You can use any dark themed wallpaper of your choice. + +That’s all. + +If all goes well, your desktop should look like this. + +![Customize GNOME in Ubuntu - 2][13] + +Customize GNOME in Ubuntu – 2 + +If you do not want to customize more, simply apply the Icons and set the Ubuntu’s default Dark mode, your desktop still looks nice (see below). + +![GNOME Customization - Ubuntu - Default][14] + +GNOME Customization – Ubuntu – Default + +This is just a guide and outlining the settings. You can play around with many settings of Arc Menu and GNOME tweaks settings to make it more personalized for you. You can even apply many GTK3 icon themes or shell themes as well. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/customize-gnome-ubuntu-2020-2/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/customize-gnome-ubuntu-2020/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Customize-GNOME-in-Ubuntu-1.jpg +[3]: https://extensions.gnome.org/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/05/customize-your-ubuntu-desktop-using-gnome-tweak/ +[5]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1160/dash-to-panel/ +[6]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1503/tray-icons/ +[7]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/750/openweather/ +[8]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/ +[9]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1228/arc-menu/ +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Arc-Menu-Settings.jpg +[11]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1425426/ +[12]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1043483/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Customize-GNOME-in-Ubuntu-2.jpg +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GNOME-Customization-Ubuntu-Default.jpg From c8e2bf4c165f423398d347282b23853df98919a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:10:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 42/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.10=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Cus?= =?UTF-8?q?tomize=20GNOME=2040=20Desktop=20to=20Look=20Like=20macOS=20[Gui?= =?UTF-8?q?de].md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ize GNOME 40 Desktop to Look Like macOS [Guide].md | 247 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 247 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.10 ⭐️⭐️ Customize GNOME 40 Desktop to Look Like macOS [Guide].md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.10 ⭐️⭐️ Customize GNOME 40 Desktop to Look Like macOS [Guide].md b/sources/tech/20221027.10 ⭐️⭐️ Customize GNOME 40 Desktop to Look Like macOS [Guide].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..80b5e0f38f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.10 ⭐️⭐️ Customize GNOME 40 Desktop to Look Like macOS [Guide].md @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +[#]: subject: "Customize GNOME 40 Desktop to Look Like macOS [Guide]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-40-macos-look-1/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Customize GNOME 40 Desktop to Look Like macOS [Guide] +====== + +**A quick guide for you to help you customizing the GNOME 40 desktop to look like macOS.** + +Ever since the GNOME 40 desktop was released, I was wondering whether it is even possible to make this desktop look like macOS. It seems we can do it as close as possible to look like macOS. Here’s how. + +There’s always debate that why people are so fascinated to make Linux Desktop look like macOS? If you want MacOS, then get a Mac. Well, keeping that debate aside, I ran some experiments to see whether the GNOME 40 and associated extension ecosystem evolved enough to make it look like macOS. + +The power of any Linux desktop is customization. And among the popular desktops such as KDE, GNOME, Deepin, Budgie – only KDE Plasma comes with built-in tools to customize it to anything you want. On the other hand, GNOME’s vanilla install doesn’t give you those options out-of-the-box. Hence to get the desired result, you need to depend on many extensions and tweaks. + +As GNOME 40 fundamentally changes the behavior of the desktop, the developers already ported their extensions to work on GNOME 40. And the majority of them working very well as of today. + +So, in this guide, we are going to use a bunch of extensions for GNOME 40 and the final desktop should look like this. + +![GNOME 40 Desktop Configuration - MacOS][1] + +GNOME 40 Desktop Configuration – MacOS + +![GNOME 40 Customization - MacOS - Workspace View][2] + +GNOME 40 Customization – MacOS – Workspace View + +### Steps to Customize GNOME 40 Desktop to Look Like macOS + +#### Setup Extensions and Tools + +As this guide requires the installation of GNOME extensions, you need to set up your system as per the Linux distribution. You can read our guide here on installing and using GNOME Extensions; Or, follow the quick guide below. + +Open a terminal and install the following. + +**Ubuntu** + +``` +sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell +``` + +**Fedora** + +``` +sudo dnf install chrome-gnome-shell +``` + +You have to install an add-on based on your preferred browser. Install them using the below links: + +- [Chrome, Chromium, Google Chrome, Vivaldi][3] +- [Firefox][4] +- [Opera][5] + +Install the GNOME Tweak tool using the below command. + +**Ubuntu** + +``` +sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool +``` + +**Fedora** + +``` +sudo dnf install gnome-tweak-tool +``` + +Install the [new Extensions Flatpak app][6] to manage extensions in GNOME 40 desktop. Go to Software and search for Extensions to install. + +#### Theme, Icon, and Cursor + +##### Download + +I have used the WhiteSur Shell Theme, BigSur Icon Theme, McMojave Cursors, and macOS BS Theme for Cairo Dock for this guide. + +Download the following packages and extract them. Open each of the below links and go to the Files section. Then download the light versions of the packages. If you want the dark theme, you can download the dark version as well. I have used the light theme for this guide. + +- [WhiteSur Shell Theme][7] +- [BigSur Icon Theme][8] +- [McMojave Cursors][9] +- [macOS BS Theme for Cairo Dock][10] + +After you download, extract them. Then create two directories named .icons and .themes under your home directory. Then copy the corresponding folders to .icons and .themes directories. The cursor theme goes to the .icons directory. Do not extract or copy the theme for the Cairo dock. + +#### Install Extensions and configuration + +##### Changes in Tweak Tool + +Open the GNOME Tweak Tool and make the following changes to apply the themes that you downloaded above. + +- On the Window Titlebars tab, turn on Maximize and Minimize and make the placement as Left. +- If you want to change the Font, you can. I kept the default Cantarell Regular font. +- On the Appearance tab change the Themes as below. + +![tweak settings for theme][11] + +tweak settings for theme + +##### Download and configure extensions + +We need a bunch of extensions for the desired looks. Here’s a list of the extensions compatible at the moment with GNOME 40. Install all of them using the below links. After installation, do the following configuration using the Extensions app. + +[Better OSD – GNOME 40][12] : Changes the OSD location in the desktop. + +- Change the horizontal and vertical position of the OSD as per your need so that it becomes like this on the right-top of the desktop. This depends on the resolution of your screen. + +![GNOME 40 OSD][13] + +GNOME 40 OSD + +[Notification Banner Position][14]: Move the default notifications from the center to any section you want. Only enable this extension, no change in settings is required. + +![Notification][15] + +Notification + +[Dynamic Panel Transparency][16]: Make your top panel transparent in GNOME 40 desktop. + +- Change the maximized opacity to 27% and unmaximized to 19% in the settings of this extension. + +[Frippery Move Clock][17]: Move the center clock to the right side of the panel. Only enable this extenstion. No setting change is required. + +[User Themes][18]: Ability to apply GNOME Shell theme. + +- Apply the WhiteSur-light Shell theme. + +![apply WhiteSur-light user theme][19] + +apply WhiteSur-light user theme + +[Blur My Shell][20]: Blurs the workspace and activtiy view and login screen. + +- On the settings, only turn on the blue for Dash and Overview and disable for Panel and others. Because this may conflict with the Transparent panel extension above. + +#### Dock Configuration + +There are many Docks available that are compatible with the GNOME desktop. For this guide, I have used the [Cairo Dock][21]with many customization options. Install it using the following command. + +**Ubuntu** + +``` +sudo apt install cairo-dock +``` + +**Fedora** + +``` +sudo dnf install cairo-dock +``` + +Download the Cairo dock theme for MacOS from the below link. + +[Cairo Dock theme for macOS look-a-like][10] + +After installation of the Cairo Dock, open the GNOME Tweak Tool and add Cairo dock as a startup application. + +From the application menu, launch Cairo Dock. And do the following settings. + +- Import the above theme from **Themes** Tab and **Apply** it. Browse to the downloaded tar file and apply. +- On the Configuration > Appearance Tab Choose **Icons as BigSur** and **Size=Big**. +- On the Configuration > Behaviour Tab change the settings as per the below image. + +![Cairo Dock Config - Behaviour][22] + +Cairo Dock Config – Behaviour + +- Change the **Addon Tab** applets which appear on the Dock as per your need. +- On the **Current Items** Tab, under the Bottom Dock, rearrange and remove anything you want. You can right-click on the items and remove them. +- Add a **custom Launcher** to launch the Application list of GNOME from Right Click on Dock > Add > Custom Launcher. +- On the Current Items Tab, under the Bottom Dock, modify the custom launcher and give a name. For example, for this guide – I have given the name “Finder” and Command as below which would bring up the GNOME Application list. + +![Cairo Dock custom launcher][23] + +Cairo Dock custom launcher + +``` +dbus-send --session --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.Shell /org/gnome/Shell org.gnome.Shell.Eval string:'Main.shellDBusService.ShowApplications();' +``` + +After these configuration, your dock should look like below. + +![Cairo Dock Animation][24] + +Cairo Dock Animation + +#### Additional Configuration + +Time for a nice wallpaper. There are a bunch of wallpapers available for Mac in the below link. Grab one and apply. + +[download cool wallpapers][25] + +If you fancy some more customization, then you can opt for below. + +- For Wobbly windows animation when you drag, download, and apply [Compiz alike windows effect.][26] +- Install [Albert Launcher][27] for your desktop which is like KDE KRunner. + +### Closing Notes + +I hope this guide gives you a starting point for your GNOME 40 desktop customization. There are hundreds of themes, icons, and extensions available compatible with the new desktop workflow. You can create your own desktop look as you wish. + +Do let me know in the comments below, whether it helped you; Also let us know about some cool extensions, themes for everyone. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-40-macos-look-1/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GNOME-40-Desktop-Configuration-MacOS.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GNOME-40-Customization-MacOS-Workspace-View.jpg +[3]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gnome-shell-integration/gphhapmejobijbbhgpjhcjognlahblep +[4]: https://addons.mozilla.org/en/firefox/addon/gnome-shell-integration/ +[5]: https://addons.opera.com/en/extensions/details/gnome-shell-integration/ +[6]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.Extensions +[7]: https://www.pling.com/p/1403328 +[8]: https://www.pling.com/p/1399044 +[9]: https://www.pling.com/p/1355701 +[10]: https://www.pling.com/p/1401527 +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/tweak-settings-for-theme.jpg +[12]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/4231/better-osd-gnome-40/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GNOME-40-OSD.jpg +[14]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/4105/notification-banner-position/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Notification.jpg +[16]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1011/dynamic-panel-transparency/ +[17]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2/move-clock/ +[18]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/ +[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/apply-WhiteSur-light-user-theme.jpg +[20]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3193/blur-my-shell/ +[21]: http://glx-dock.org/ +[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Cairo-Dock-Config-Behaviour.jpg +[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Cairo-Dock-custom-launcher.jpg +[24]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Cairo-Dock-Animation.gif +[25]: https://www.pling.com/p/1399346%E2%80%8B +[26]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2950/compiz-alike-windows-effect/ +[27]: https://albertlauncher.github.io/installing/ From 5e968468acc6266d0173d5b4182c610a1c834fb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:11:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 43/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.11=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Customize=20GNOME=20D?= =?UTF-8?q?esktop=20in=20Ubuntu=20with=20a=20Clean=20Look.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with a Clean Look.md | 173 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 173 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.11 ⭐️ Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with a Clean Look.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.11 ⭐️ Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with a Clean Look.md b/sources/tech/20221027.11 ⭐️ Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with a Clean Look.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98c4337ab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.11 ⭐️ Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with a Clean Look.md @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +[#]: subject: "Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with a Clean Look" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/customize-gnome-clean-look-2022-1/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Customize GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu with a Clean Look +====== + +**This tutorial gives you some easy steps to customize GNOME Desktop with a clean look with minimal effort. Here’s how.** + +If you are bored with the usual look of your favourite GNOME Desktop, then you are on the right page. Let’s install some themes icons and do some tweaks to uplift your desktop. We will transform this below desktop (GNOME 40.5 with Ubuntu 21.10). + +![Ubuntu Desktop with GNOME - Before Customization][1] + +Ubuntu Desktop with GNOME – Before Customization + +This customization session will use the great-looking Colloid GTK theme, Mkos-Big-Sur icons, a cool cursor theme with additional extensions, and Conky. + +### Customize GNOME Desktop and uplift it with a Clean Look + +#### Installation + +- First, setup the GNOME Shell Extenstion by running the following command from the terminal. + +``` +sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell +``` + +- Then[open this page][2] and add the plugin to your browser (Chrome/Firefox) for GNOME Extension. + +![Add Browser Add-on for GNOME Shell Extension][3] + +Add Browser Add-on for GNOME Shell Extension + +- Install the Extensions Flatpak application which you may need to change settings of GNOME Extensions. + +[Install Extensions App][4] + +- After that, install GNOME Tweaks tool using the following command from the terminal. We will use this utility to change the Themes and other settings. + +``` +sudo apt install gnome-tweaks +``` + +- Download the Colloid GTK Theme from the below link. After download extract the files. Then copy the extracted folder to ~/.themes in your home directory. If the folder doesn’t exists, create it. After you done this, open a terminal and run the `install.sh` file. + +[Download Colloid GTK Theme][5] + +- Download the Mkos-Big-Sur icon theme from the below link. Once it is downloaded, extract the files and copy the parent folder to ~/.icons in your home directory. + +[Download Icon theme][6] + +- Download the below cursor theme and follow the same steps as above. Copy the extracted folder to the ~/.icons directory. Then open a terminal and run the `install.sh` file. + +[Download Cursor Theme][7] + +Now, it’s time to install Conky and some extensions that would eventually give your GNOME Desktop a clean look. To install Conky and a Conky manager, open the terminal prompt and run the below commands. + +``` +sudo apt install conky +``` + +``` +sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tomtomtom/conky-managersudo apt update && sudo apt install conky-manager2 +``` + +Now, open each of the below links for the extensions and install them in sequence. To install, open the page and click on the ON/OFF toggle switch (see below image). It would ask for your admin password and permission to install. + +- [Move Clock][8] +- [Dash to Dock][9] +- [Tray Icons][10] +- [Arc Menu][11] +- [User Themes][12] + +![GNOME Extension - Page][13] + +GNOME Extension – Page + +#### Configurations + +After completing the above steps, it’s time to do some basic configurations. You may see some of the changes when you installed the GNOME Extensions above. For example, the clock should already be shifted to the right side when installing the Move Clock extension above. + +**Tweaks** + +- Open the Tweaks tool (search from the application menu) and go to Apperance. + +- Change the Application theme to **Colloid Dark**, Cursors as **Vimix Cursors**, Icons as **Mkos-big-sur**and Shell Theme as **Colloid Dark**. If you want, you can choose the light theme and different option. + +![Apply Themes][14] + +Apply Themes + +**Arc Menu** + +- Open the Extenstion application and go to the Arch Menu Settings. + +- Change the menu layout to `Alternative Menu Layout > Raven`. + +- Change the application menu button to some icons you prefer. For this guide, I have downloaded a GNOME icon from [here][15]. And applied it via Arc Menu `Settings > Button Appearance > Browse Icon`. And it should look like this. + +![Arch Menu - Raven][16] + +Arch Menu – Raven + +- Enable Shrink the dash +- Customize windows counter indicator = Dashes +- Enable Customize Dash color +- Customize Opacity = Fixed +- Opacity to 12% + +- Open Dash to Dock settings from the Extension application. In the Appearance tab, change the below items: + +- In the position and size tab, change the Dock position to bottom and Icon size limit to 39px. + +- You can start Conky if you like and download a nice wallpaper which goes with Colloid theme. For this demonstration I have [chosen a nice grey-ish wallpaper][17] which looks stunning with the dark theme. + +### Result + +After all the configuration, and if all goes well, your desktop should look like this. + +![GNOME Customization in Ubuntu with a clean look-1][18] + +GNOME Customization in Ubuntu with a simple look-1 + +![GNOME Customization in Ubuntu with a clean look-2][19] + +GNOME Customization in Ubuntu with a simple look-2 + +![GNOME Customization in Ubuntu with a clean look-3][20] + +GNOME Customization in Ubuntu with a simple look-3 + +You can play around with different variants of this theme with several combinations of settings. And create a look that suits you better. + +I hope this guide helps you transform your GNOME desktop with a clean look. Let me know in the comments down below if you like this setup. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/customize-gnome-clean-look-2022-1/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ubuntu-Desktop-with-GNOME-Before-Customization.jpg +[2]: https://extensions.gnome.org/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Add-Browser-Add-on-for-GNOME-Shell-Extension.jpg +[4]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Extensions.flatpakref +[5]: https://github.com/vinceliuice/Colloid-gtk-theme/archive/refs/heads/main.zip +[6]: https://github.com/zayronxio/Mkos-Big-Sur/archive/refs/heads/master.zip +[7]: https://github.com/vinceliuice/Vimix-cursors +[8]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2/move-clock/ +[9]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/ +[10]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2890/tray-icons-reloaded/ +[11]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3628/arcmenu/ +[12]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/GNOME-Extension-Page.png +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Apply-Themes.jpg +[15]: https://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/tatice/operating-systems/32/Gnome-icon.png +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Arch-Menu-Raven.jpg +[17]: https://i.redd.it/1ttvv79apo851.png +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-Customization-in-Ubuntu-with-a-simple-look-1.jpg +[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-Customization-in-Ubuntu-with-a-simple-look-2.jpg +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-Customization-in-Ubuntu-with-a-simple-look-3.jpg From 18033b253b40e0543fa91d3f5eae01e9b0afe160 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:12:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 44/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221027.12=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Customize=20GNOME=204?= =?UTF-8?q?2=20with=20A=20Polished=20Look.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️ Customize GNOME 42 with A Polished Look.md | 142 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 142 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221027.12 ⭐️ Customize GNOME 42 with A Polished Look.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221027.12 ⭐️ Customize GNOME 42 with A Polished Look.md b/sources/tech/20221027.12 ⭐️ Customize GNOME 42 with A Polished Look.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2401c9249d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221027.12 ⭐️ Customize GNOME 42 with A Polished Look.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +[#]: subject: "Customize GNOME 42 with A Polished Look" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/customize-gnome-42-look-1/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Customize GNOME 42 with A Polished Look +====== + +**A tutorial on how you can give your favourite GNOME desktop a polished look, in 5 minutes.** + +There are many ways you can customize your favourite GNOME desktop with icons, themes, cursors and wallpapers. This article shows you how to give the GNOME 42 desktop a more polished look. The GNOME 42 desktop environment is available with the recently released Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Fedora 36. + +Before you read further, here’s how it looks with a side by side comparison (before and after). + +![GNOME before customisation][1] + +![GNOME after customisation][2] + +I am going to divide this tutorial into two sections. + +The first section deals with setting up and installing required packages. And second, how to apply various settings to get your desired look. + +This tutorial was mainly tested on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. However, it should work in other variants of Ubuntu and Fedora. + +### Customize GNOME 42 with a Polished Look + +#### Setup + +- First, enable your system for Flatpak because we need to install the Extension Manager to download some required GNOME Shell extensions for this tutorial. + +- So, to do that, open up a terminal and run the following commands. + +``` +sudo apt install flatpak gnome-software-plugin-flatpakflatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo +``` + +- Reboot the computer once done. + +- Then run the following command from the terminal to install the Extensions Manager app to download GNOME Shell Extensions. + +``` +flatpak install flathub com.mattjakeman.ExtensionManager +``` + +- Open the Extension Manager application and install two extensions. The first one is **Floating Dock** which features a super cool dock which you can move around anywhere on your desktop. Second, install the **User themes** extensions to help you install the external GTK themes in your Ubuntu Linux. + +![User Themes Extension][3] + +User Themes Extension + +![Floating Dock Extension][4] + +Floating Dock Extension + +- Secondly, install the [Materia Theme][5] using the below commands. You have to build it as it doesn’t have any executable. Run the following commands in sequence in Ubuntu to install. + +``` +git clone https://github.com/ckissane/materia-theme-transparent.gitcd materia-theme-transparentmeson _buildmeson install -C _build +``` + +- Additionally, download the [Kora Icon theme][6] from the below link. After downloading, extract the files and copy the below four folders to `/home//.icons` path. Create the .icons folder if it is not present. + +[Download Kora Icon Theme][7] + +![Kora Icon Theme][8] + +Kora Icon Theme + +- Besides the above changes, download the awesome Bibata cursor theme from the below link. After download, extract and copy the folders to the same `/home//.icons` folder. + +[Download Bibata Cursor Theme][9] + +- In addition to the above, if you want a nice font which goes with the above themes, [download Robot font][10] from Google Fonts and copy them to `/home//.fonts` folder. + +- Finally, restart your system once again. + +#### Configuration + +- Open the Extension Manager, enable the Floating Dock and User Themes, and disable the Ubuntu Dock. + +![Changes to Extensions][11] + +Changes to Extensions + +- In addition, open the Floating dock settings and make the following changes. + +![Floating Dock Settings][12] + +Floating Dock Settings + +- Cursor: Bibata-Original-Ice +- Shell Theme: Materia +- Icon: Kora + +- Furthermore, open the [GNOME Tweak Tool][13], and go to the Appearance tab. Set the followings. + +- Other than that, you may also want to change the font. To do that, go to the Fonts tab and change the document and interface to Robot 10pt. + +- Alternatively, you can also change the accent colour and style from Settings which comes by default with Ubuntu 22.04. + +- Finally, download a nice wallpaper as per your preference. For this tutorial, I have downloaded a sample wallpaper from [here][14]. + +- If all goes well, you should have a nice desktop, as shown below. + +![Customize GNOME 42 - Final Look][15] + +Customize GNOME 42 – Final Look + +Enjoy a polished GNOME 42. Cheers. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/customize-gnome-42-look-1/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://i2.wp.com/www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GNOME-before-customisation.jpg?ssl=1 +[2]: https://i0.wp.com/www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GNOME-after-customisation.jpg?ssl=1 +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/User-Themes-Extension2.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Floating-Doc-Extension.jpg +[5]: https://github.com/ckissane/materia-theme-transparent +[6]: https://github.com/bikass/kora/ +[7]: https://github.com/bikass/kora/archive/refs/heads/master.zip +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kora-Icon-Theme.jpg +[9]: https://www.pling.com/p/1197198/ +[10]: https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Changes-to-Extensions.jpg +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Floating-Dock-Settings.jpg +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/05/customize-your-ubuntu-desktop-using-gnome-tweak/ +[14]: https://www.pexels.com/photo/colorful-blurred-image-6985048/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Customize-GNOME-42-Final-Look.jpg From dd175133be4570a8dfb09f2f9561a0c4539a6f45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:13:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 45/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221026.3=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Ubun?= =?UTF-8?q?tu=20Unity=2022.10=20Review=20A=20Promising=20=E2=80=9COfficial?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=9D=20Start.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Unity 22.10 Review A Promising “Official” Start.md | 130 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 130 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221026.3 ⭐️⭐️ Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review A Promising “Official” Start.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221026.3 ⭐️⭐️ Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review A Promising “Official” Start.md b/sources/tech/20221026.3 ⭐️⭐️ Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review A Promising “Official” Start.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c3ed35f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221026.3 ⭐️⭐️ Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review A Promising “Official” Start.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review: A Promising “Official” Start" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-unity-22-10-review/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review: A Promising “Official” Start +====== + +**We review Ubuntu Unity 22.10, which becomes an official Ubuntu flavour from this release onwards.** + +For the fans of Unity desktop, it’s a piece of good news. Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Kinetic Kudu became the official Ubuntu flavour featuring Unity desktop after Canonical officially abandoned it on April 2018. You can now enjoy the officially supported Unity desktop with an Ubuntu base. + +That means you get the usual security and package updates following the Ubuntu release schedule. + +I did a hands-on on the official Ubuntu Unity desktop, and here’s what I found. + +![Ubuntu Unity 22.01 Login Screen][1] + +Ubuntu Unity 22.01 Login Screen + +### Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review + +At its core, Ubuntu Unity 22.10 features Linux Kernel 5.19, and the core modules are aligned with Ubuntu 22.10. The desktop version is Unity 7, which is the current stable version. + +However, its successor UnityX is still under development for more than a year, so hopefully, you will get a more advanced Unity desktop in the future. + +#### First look and themes + +At first glance, you should notice the purple-based Ubuntu Unity with the Kinetic Kudu mascot. The left bar is static and includes only the essential items (LibreOffice & Settings). The shortcut to global search is at the top of the sidebar. The top bar contains the power menu, network, calendar and time widgets. And the Trash shortcut is at the bottom of the left bar. + +![Unity Global Search][2] + +Unity Global Search + +The default theme is Yaru dark with a purple-based colour combination. Which I believe doesn’t look good with orange borders in several controls (text box, etc.). In addition, the Yaru and Yaru dark both are strict light and dark themes. That means you can’t have a mix of a light theme with a dark title bar. + +However, the team also includes the good ol’ Ambiance and Radiance themes which you can easily apply with the Unity Tweak Tool (requires installation) – this would give you the good ol’ Ubuntu feel. + +![Yaru Dark Theme in Ubuntu Unity 22.10][3] + +Yaru Dark Theme in Ubuntu Unity 22.10 + +![Ambiance theme brings back the old days][4] + +Ambiance theme brings back the old days + +The main attraction of Unity is two significant items. The global search via HUD and the global menu at the top bar. In this release, you get both of them. This is an ideal desktop for those who want clean app windows and more screen space. + +![Unity Global search inside app options][5] + +Unity Global search inside app options: one of the best features of Unity + +Furthermore, a new feature adds a tweak at the top bar where you can switch the themes without launching the Unity Tweak tool. However, this option is only visible for the Yaru theme for some strange reason. + +![New option to switch accent color and theme][6] + +New option to switch accent colour and theme + +#### Applications + +If you are new to Ubuntu Unity, you should know that this distro doesn’t have any native apps of its own. It ships basic apps, which most users need. + +However, there is a change in the 22.10 version. Earlier (when it was unofficial), Ubuntu Unity was shipping some GNOME Apps as default. Since the implementation of libadwaita and moving to GTK4, the team now replaced most of them with the native-MATE applications. For example, the Pluma text editor from MATE is now part of Unity. + +Other than that, Firefox Snap and Thunderbird [email client][7] is added as default, also LibreOffice suite. + +Thanks to the above apps, the ISO size is less than 3 GB, and performance is way faster. + +### Performance + +Overall, Ubuntu Unity 22.10 performance is speedy. Both in idle and heavy workload state. There are no fancy animations other than the places where it is needed. The HUD search is fast, and you can launch apps right away. + +In addition, window operations such as minimize, maximize, and drag feel snappy. There is no lag whatsoever. At idle, it uses 1GB of memory. In a heavy workload state, it increases up to 2.2GB, based on how many apps you are running. + +![Ubuntu Unity performance at idle state][8] + +Ubuntu Unity performance at idle state + +Ubuntu Unity is really outperforming vanilla Ubuntu. It feels faster than vanilla GNOME with Ubuntu. It might be one of the contenders for lightweight Linux distros in the coming days. + +However, the default installation takes 12 GB of disk space – which I believe is a little higher than other distros in the same category. + +### Summary + +- Linux Kernel 5.19 with Ubuntu 22.10 base +- Firefox 106 web browser (Snap) +- Flatpak is not installed by default +- Unity 7 desktop +- Nemo file manager +- Pluma text editor (1.26) +- LibreOffice 7.4 +- Thunderbird 102. +- Only available as X.Org (not yet ready for Wayland) + +### Wrapping Up + +Ubuntu Unity 22.10, being official, is a promising start for the Unity desktop to become more mature. From the development viewpoint, a colossal amount of work awaits to make it to UnityX (the next version of 7). Also, it only supports X.Org and no Wayland at the moment. Wayland might be a deal breaker for some users to adopt this as a daily driver for performance-centric workloads. + +That being said, Ubuntu Unity 22.10 is perfect for the average user for everyday work and perfect for smaller display form factors. If you like the Unity design, HUD search, global menu, and left action buttons – then it’s for you. + +Give it a try. + +You can download Ubuntu Unity 22.10 on the [official website][9]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-unity-22-10-review/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Ubuntu-Unity-22.01-Login-Screen-1024x638.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Unity-Global-Search.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Yaru-Dark-Theme-in-Ubuntu-Unity-22.10.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Ambiance-theme-brings-back-the-old-days.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Unity-Global-search-inside-app-options.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/New-option-to-switch-accent-color-and-theme.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/best-email-client-linux-windows/ +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Ubuntu-Unity-performance-at-idle-state.jpg +[9]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-unity/releases/kinetic/release From 51b95dcdf4d02654d9d10b89ef596b904b2b4810 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:13:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 46/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221026.4=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20Install=20P?= =?UTF-8?q?ython=203.11=20in=20Ubuntu=20and=20Other=20Related=20Linux.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...thon 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md | 182 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 182 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221026.4 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221026.4 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221026.4 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..711b8e63e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221026.4 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-11-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux +====== + +**Planning to get Python 3.11 installed for your project work? Here’s how to install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and related distros.** + +![][1] + +Python 3.11 was released on Oct 25, 2022, and claims to be 10-60% faster than the prior [Python 3.10][2] version. + +As always, the feature and improvement list are significantly high in 3.11. Here’s a brief. + +- Error tracebacks are not more definite, which gives you an exact statement that causes the error. +- Introduction of exception groups and new except* syntax +- You can add custom text in the base expression for better error handling in your code. +- Introduction of Variadic generic to allow array-like structure in numerical Python libraries )such as NumPy) +- Dictionary type TypedDict gets improvement where you can now specify whether individual dictionary items are mandatory or optional. +- Introduction of Self annotation, which allows classes to return their own type instance. + +And many more, which you can read in detail on the official [3.11 highlights page][3]. + +### Current Python versions in Linux Distros + +[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][4] have Python 3.10, whereas the recently released [Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu][5] also have the same. However, Kinetick Kudu will probably feature 3.11 within a few weeks. + +Also, [Fedora 37][6] (planned for Nov 1) already has the Python 3.11 RC2 and will get the version. + +So, if you are running Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, [Linux Mint 21][7] or any Ubuntu-LTS-based distros, here’s how you can install Python 3.11 via a PPA. + +**Note**: Use this method with caution. Make sure you know what you are doing because replacing the base Python version of a Linux distribution may cause an unstable system. Many default applications and packages depend on the 3.10 version. + +### How to install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu and related distros + +- Open a terminal prompt and add the following PPA. + +``` +sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa +``` + +- Refresh the cache using the below command. + +``` +sudo apt update  +``` + +- And install Python 3.11 using the below command. + +``` +sudo apt install python3.11 +``` + +![Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][8] + +Install Python 3.11 in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS + +### Set Default Python Versions + +In theory, you can install multiple versions of Python in Linux distros, but the default can only be one version. Setting up Python 3.11 as default requires some additional steps. Follow along. + +However, before you do that, make sure you know which applications depend on Python 3.10. You can easily find it out using `apt-cache rdepends` command as below. + +``` +debugpoint@debugpoint-22-04:~$ apt-cache rdepends python3.10 +python3.10 +Reverse Depends: +python3.10-dbg +python3.10-venv +python3.10-full +libpython3.10-testsuite +idle-python3.10 +idle-python3.10 +python3.10-minimal +python3.10-doc +python3.10-dev +python3 +virtualbox +python3.10-venv +python3.10-full +libpython3.10-testsuite +kitty +idle-python3.10 +idle-python3.10 +python3.10-minimal +python3.10-doc +python3.10-dev +python3.10-dbg +python3-uno +python3-all +python3.10-dbg +virtualbox +stimfit +python3.10-venv +python3.10-full +python3-stfio +python3-escript-mpi +python3-escript +python3-csound +plasma-firewall +pitivi +obs-studio +liferea +libpython3.10-testsuite +libglib2.0-tests +kitty +idle-python3.10 +idle-python3.10 +cluster-glue +atac +rhythmbox-plugins +python3.10-minimal +python3.10-doc +python3.10-dev +python3 +python3-uno +python3-all +gedit +``` + +#### Use Python 3.11 as the default Python3 + +- First, check the current default version using the below command from the terminal. + +``` +python3 --version +``` + +- Use `update-alternatives` to create symbolic links to `python3` + +``` +sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.10 1 +``` + +``` +sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.11 2 +``` + +- And choose which one to use as Python3 via the command: + +``` +sudo update-alternatives --config python3 +``` + +![Setting up default python version to 3.11][9] + +Setting up default python version to 3.11 + +Now you can start using the latest Python in your current Ubuntu version for your work/study. You switch to the stock version using the above commands and change the versions at any time. + +If you switch to 3.11 using the above install method, then make sure you check all the necessary apps to see whether they are working fine. + +Finally, do let me know in the comment box if you run into problems. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-11-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/py3112204-1024x576.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-10-ubuntu/ +[3]: https://docs.python.org/3.11/whatsnew/3.11.html +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-04-review/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-10/ +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/fedora-37/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-mint-21-review/ +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Install-Python-3.11-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.jpg +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Setting-up-default-python-version-to-3.11.jpg From ae0d111e754236efb79e1c8d6c2cc1e77ffc3682 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:15:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 47/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221025.2=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Fedo?= =?UTF-8?q?ra=2037=20Top=20New=20Features=20and=20Release=20Wiki.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️ Fedora 37 Top New Features and Release Wiki.md | 142 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 142 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221025.2 ⭐️⭐️ Fedora 37 Top New Features and Release Wiki.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221025.2 ⭐️⭐️ Fedora 37 Top New Features and Release Wiki.md b/sources/tech/20221025.2 ⭐️⭐️ Fedora 37 Top New Features and Release Wiki.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8657b9fc85 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221025.2 ⭐️⭐️ Fedora 37 Top New Features and Release Wiki.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +[#]: subject: "Fedora 37: Top New Features and Release Wiki" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/fedora-37/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Fedora 37: Top New Features and Release Wiki +====== + +**An article about Fedora 37 and its new features, release details and everything you need to know.** + +Fedora 37 development is wrapped up, and the BETA is [now out][1]. Hence the features and packages are final at this stage. + +In this usual feature guide page, I have summarised the essential features you should know about Fedora 37 and get an idea of what to expect. But before that, here’s a tentative schedule. + +- The beta was out on September 13, 2022. +- **Final Fedora 37 is planned for release on November 15, 2022.** + +![Fedora 37 Workstation with GNOME 43][2] + +Fedora 37 Workstation with GNOME 43 + +### Fedora 37: Top New Features + +#### Kernel + +**First** up are the critical items that make the core. Fedora 37 is powered by **Linux Kernel 5.19,** the latest mainline Kernel available now. Linux Kernel 5.19 brings essential features such as a fix for Ratbleed vulnerability, ARM support, Apple M1 NVMe SSD controller support and many such features, which you can read in our [Kernel feature guide][3]. + +The advantage of using the latest Kernel is that you can be assured that you are using the latest and greatest hardware support available at this moment in time. + +**Next** up, the desktop environments are updated in this release. + +#### Desktop Environment + +Fedora 37 is the first distribution which brings the stunning **GNOME 43** desktop, which brings some excellent features such as: + +- [Revamped quick settings][4] with pill-buttons +- Files (nautilus) 43 with GTK4 and libadwaita port +- Files with rubberband, emblems, responsive sidebar-like features +- [Updated GNOME Web with WebExtension API support][5] + +And many features you have been waiting for for years. Do check out my [GNOME 43 feature guide][6] to learn more. + +Fedora 37 brings **KDE Plasma 5.26** desktop environment with tons of new features, performance improvements and bug fixes. The most noteworthy features of the KDE Plasma desktop include: + +- An updated overview screen. +- Dynamic wallpaper for dark and light themes. +- Animated wallpaper support +- Multi-button mouse support +- Updated KDE Framework and applications. + +…and much more which you can read in detail in my [KDE Plasma 5.26 feature guide][7]. + +Since the lightweight desktop LXQt gets a stable update, 1.1.0, it arrives in Fedora 37. **LXQt 1.1.0** brings a default colour palette for dark themes for a uniform look, two variants (simple and compact) of the application menu and re-arranged GTK settings. Furthermore, LXQt 1.1.0 also starts the initial work for the Qt 6.0 porting of desktop components. All these bug fixes and enhancements arrive in the Fedora LXQt edition. + +In addition, other primary desktop flavours remain at their current releases since no significant new updates arrive, i.e. **Xfce 4.16 and MATE 1.26**for the respective Fedora flavours. + +Let’s see what the system-wide changes in this release that impacts all the Fedora flavours are. + +#### System wide changes + +The most significant change is the official support for **Raspberry Pi 4** boards. Thanks to the works over the years, you can now enjoy Fedora 37 on your favourite Pi boards with out-of-the-box supports. + +Fedora Linux is always a pioneer in advancing technology and adopting the latest features before any other distro. With that in mind, the **SDDM display manager now comes with default Wayland** in KDE Plasma (and Kinoite) and different flavours. This completes the Wayland transition from the Fedora distro aspect for this flavour.  + +As I [reported earlier][8], Fedora Linux 37 plans to provide us with a preview image of a **Web-based installer** for Anaconda. It might not be available immediately following the release. But it should be within a few days post-release. + +Other noteworthy features include changing the **default hostname from “fedora” to “localhost”** to mitigate some third-party system configuration detection.  + +Other than that, the **Fedora Core OS** is made to be an official Fedora edition and now stands together with Server, IoT and cloud editions for better discovery and adoption. Fedora Core OS minimal footprint OS is primarily used for container workloads and brings auto updates and additional features. + +Following the tradition, this release also features a [brand new wallpaper][9] with both night and day versions. I must say it looks awesome (see the above desktop image). + +Finally, also in this release, Fedora **drops 32-bit Java** packages, including JDK 8, 11, and 17, since usage is low. In addition, the openssl1.1 package is also deprecated. + +The toolchain, apps and programming stack are updated as follows: + +- Glibc 2.36 and Binutils 2.38 +- Node.js 18.x +- Perl 5.36 +- Python 3.11 + +### Summary of features in Fedora 37 + +So, that’s about it with the features of this release. Here’s a summary of the Fedora 37 features: + +- Linux Kernel 5.19 +- GNOME 43 +- KDE Plasma 5.26 +- Xfce 4.16 +- MATE 1.24 +- LXQt 1.1.0 +- A preview image of the new web-based installer +- The SDDM display manager defaults to Wayland (in KDE Plasma and others) +- Official Raspberry Pi 4 support +- Fedora Core OS becomes the official flavour +- Key packages dropping 32-bit support +- And associated toolchain and programming language updates. + +If you have spare time, you can[give it a spin][10] or test drive. Just be cautious that it is still BETA. + +Also, If you are daring enough, you can upgrade to this release with **caution** because, y’know it’s BETA. The commands below will help you to do that. + +``` +sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade +sudo dnf system-upgrade download --ref --releasever=37 +``` + +For Kinoite, Silverblue and other immutable versions, use: + +``` +rpm-ostree rebase fedora:fedora/37/x86_64/silverblue +``` + +**So, what’s your favourite feature of this release? Let me know in the comment section.** + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/fedora-37/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://debugpointnews.com/fedora-37-beta/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Fedora-37-Workstation-with-GNOME-43-1024x572.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-kernel-5-19/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43-quick-settings/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-web-43-tab-view/ +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/kde-plasma-5-26/ +[8]: https://debugpointnews.com/fedora-37-anaconda-web-ui-installer/ +[9]: https://debugpointnews.com/fedora-37-wallpaper/ +[10]: https://getfedora.org/workstation/download/ From a951a2ac4240613a8303cd8ccbad6833cd4632c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:15:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 48/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221025.3=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20Change=20Lo?= =?UTF-8?q?gin=20Screen=20Background=20in=20Ubuntu.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...to Change Login Screen Background in Ubuntu.md | 107 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 107 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221025.3 ⭐️ How to Change Login Screen Background in Ubuntu.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221025.3 ⭐️ How to Change Login Screen Background in Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/20221025.3 ⭐️ How to Change Login Screen Background in Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af8661718c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221025.3 ⭐️ How to Change Login Screen Background in Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Change Login Screen Background in Ubuntu" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/change-login-background-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Change Login Screen Background in Ubuntu +====== + +**This is how you can get rid of that boring login screen background in Ubuntu and set a nice picture to welcome you each time you log on.** + +I, always think that when you boot up your system, a nice login screen should greet you. That itself set the context of your upcoming work or activity that you are about to do. Although, I am not a Windows fan, but I admire how Windows 10 login background changes every day from Bing wallpapers, and it looks nice. Isn’t it? + +A while back, we covered how to [change login background in Fedora][1] and [elementary OS][2]. And now this guide explains how you change it in vanilla Ubuntu with GNOME Shell. + +Login screen background is part of display manager property. This guide uses a script in GitHub created by a user to make it seamless and easy for average user. Otherwise, you have to change the Gnome Display Manager (gdm) CSS files manually after extracting the `.gresource` file, then compile it – which is complicated in general. + +![Ubuntu Login screen - before change][3] + +Ubuntu Login screen – before change + +### Change Login Background in Ubuntu + +- Open a terminal (press CTRL+ALT+T) + +- Download the [GitHub repo][4] using the below command. + +``` +wget github.com/thiggy01/change-gdm-background/raw/master/change-gdm-background +``` + +**Note**: If you do not have wget, install it using `sudo apt install wget` + +**Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish** users require an additional code change to make it work because the developer did not fix it in GitHub. So here’s what you need to do. + +Open the `change-gdm-background` file via gedit. Then, go to the following line (#15) and add `|jammy`. + +![script change to allow jammy][5] + +script change to allow jammy + +Then, go to the following two lines (#144 and #184). Change `gdm3.css` to `gdm.css`. As shown below. + +![correct the css file for gdm][6] + +correct the css file for gdm + +And finally, save the file and follow the instructions as below. This workaround is only for Ubuntu 22.04 login screen change. + +- Change the permission of the script to make it executable + +``` +chmod +x change-gdm-background +``` + +- Then change the login background wallpaper in Ubuntu using the below command. Change the path of your image. + +``` +sudo ./change-gdm-background ~/Pictures/tree.jpg +``` + +This step might require `libglib2.0-dev` package, which will be installed automatically. This is required to extract/compile the `.gresource`. + +And after installation, it would prompt you to restart gdm. Press N, to be on the safe side. + +- Log out and you can see the changed background in Ubuntu. +- If you are not seeing the change, try restarting your system and then try to log in. + +![Ubuntu Login screen After Change][7] + +Ubuntu Login screen with background After Change + +### Restore the stock login screen + +The script also provides a feature to revert the stock login screen. It takes a backup of your `.gresource` file before changing it. So, from the terminal, simply run below to restore the original login screen. + +``` +sudo ./change-gdm-background --restore +``` + +That should change the login screen back to its original form. + +Let me know whether it worked for you using the comment box below. This should work for all the latest versions of Ubuntu Linux. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/change-login-background-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/09/change-login-background-fedora/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/change-lock-login-screen-background-elementary-os/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Ubuntu-Login-screen-before-change-1024x539.jpg +[4]: https://github.com/thiggy01/change-gdm-background +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/script-change-to-allow-jammy.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/correct-the-css-file-for-gdm.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Ubuntu-Login-screen-After-Change-1024x538.jpg From d3c2a50039531733da489e689f76c0bba0557629 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:53:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 49/76] =?UTF-8?q?Rename=2020221024.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=20How=20to=20display=20commits=20created=20on=20a=20specific?= =?UTF-8?q?=20day=20with=20the=20git=20log=20command.md=20to=2020221024.3?= =?UTF-8?q?=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20display=20commits=20created?= =?UTF-8?q?=20on=20a=20specific=20day=20with=20the=20git=20log=20command.m?= =?UTF-8?q?d?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20221024.0 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md => 20221024.3 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md} (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md b/sources/tech/20221024.3 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20221024.0 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md rename to sources/tech/20221024.3 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md From 7811fc08118c67584b18f6083b3fa29160d9f2ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:54:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 50/76] =?UTF-8?q?Rename=2020221024.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20A=20PWA=20is=20the=20web?= =?UTF-8?q?=20browser.md=20to=2020221024.4=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20A=20PWA=20is=20the=20web=20browse?= =?UTF-8?q?r.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...WA is the web browser.md => 20221024.4 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20221024.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md => 20221024.4 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md} (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md b/sources/tech/20221024.4 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20221024.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md rename to sources/tech/20221024.4 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ A PWA is the web browser.md From bed8fa3ade704707794fbba656f4344226738be7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 03:54:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 51/76] =?UTF-8?q?Rename=2020221024.2=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Remixing=20Linux=20for=20blind=20and=20vis?= =?UTF-8?q?ually=20impaired=20users.md=20to=2020221024.5=20=E2=AD=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Remixing=20Linux=20for=20blind=20?= =?UTF-8?q?and=20visually=20impaired=20users.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...221024.5 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/talk/{20221024.2 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md => 20221024.5 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md} (100%) diff --git a/sources/talk/20221024.2 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md b/sources/talk/20221024.5 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/talk/20221024.2 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md rename to sources/talk/20221024.5 ⭐️⭐️ Remixing Linux for blind and visually impaired users.md From 1035a814898abffcc8e00d166eeafcac7dbc390f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 04:08:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 52/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020221026.5=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Vanilla=20OS=20More=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Than=20Just=20Vanilla=20GNOME=20With=20Ubuntu.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...OS More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu.md | 132 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 132 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20221026.5 ⭐️ Vanilla OS More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu.md diff --git a/sources/news/20221026.5 ⭐️ Vanilla OS More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu.md b/sources/news/20221026.5 ⭐️ Vanilla OS More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13f4fd9dda --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221026.5 ⭐️ Vanilla OS More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +[#]: subject: "Vanilla OS: More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/vanilla-os-beta/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Vanilla OS: More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu +====== + +Vanilla OS is Ubuntu on stock GNOME with on-demand immutability and package selection freedom. Sounds fun? Read more here. + +![Vanilla OS: More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu][1] + +That was precisely my thought when I first came across Vanilla OS. + +When**Mirko Brombin**, the creator of [Bottles][2], announced it on Twitter, that had me interested in it 😎 + +I joined their Discord channel and hopped in to become a tester. While I did not point out anything new that other testers already did, keeping an eye on the project development is fun. + +Back to the vital question: **What is Vanilla OS?** + +**Vanilla OS aims to offer a clean vanilla GNOME experience with on-demand immutability.** + +Sounds interesting? Let me tell you a few details about it while I give its first open beta build a try. + +> 💡Vanilla OS plans to have a stable release in November. It will follow Ubuntu point releases. So, you can expect **two releases per year**. For example, you can upgrade from Ubuntu 22.04 to Ubuntu 22.10 and further. You should not replace it as a daily driver unless you know what you are doing. + +### Vanilla OS: Yet Another Ubuntu-based Distro? + +![vanilla os home][3] + +**Yes and no.** + +For starters, I see the following unique reasons to give it a try: + +- To get a **stock GNOME experience** on top of Ubuntu. (Fedora is an excellent option too, but not for everyone!) +- **Allows you to choose and enable Flatpak/Snap/AppImage** with its first-time setup after installation. +- **On-demand immutability**, meaning you can make the system read-only to prevent critical changes from third-party applications and updates. +- **A new package manager** (apx) allows you to install packages inside a managed container by default. + +The first-time setup process is a breeze to experience. + +> ℹ️Currently, it uses the Calamares installer. They intend to replace it with Jade, used in **Crystal Linux**. + +![vanilla os installer][4] + +The more distributions do things like this; I believe more users would be happy to get on board with Linux. + +![][5] + +Vanilla OS Package Manager Selection + +Of course, distributions like Ubuntu MATE and Pop!_OS have already put in great efforts, and Vanilla OS also adds some improvement to the table. + +![Vanilla os color selection][6] + +It looks like a pretty experience! 😊 + +Once you finish the first-time setup,  you have nothing else to worry about. You get the usual GNOME desktop with nice wallpapers out of the box by **Patrik Kramolis.** + +![vanilla os home][7] + +Image Credits: Mirko Brombin + +Next, I tried checking the on-demand immutability, which you can see and tweak using the following commands: + +![vanilla OS terminal][8] + +You can explore more about the utility (almost) that makes this possible on [GitHub][9]. + +Next, coming to the new package manager, I like the concept of distrobox under the hood, making this possible with apx. + +The Distrobox creator **Luca di Maio** is also involved in developing Vanilla OS. + +However, when installing a package with apx, you need to initialize the container using the command: + +``` +apx init +``` + +If it had done it automatically, I would call it intuitive. + +![vanilla os apx][10] + +Of course, I'm not aware of the technical limitations. But, for the user end, that would feel seamless! + +Overall, a package manager that installs applications utilizing a container, getting the ability to choose your package managers, on-demand immutability, and vanilla GNOME make it seem like a good deal to keep an eye on. + +### The Road Ahead: First Impressions + +I can see it as my daily driver once it hits the stable release. + +**The reason is**: I always like the stock GNOME experience, and I do not have to deal with Fedora's regular upgrades. + +Of course, once I get to use the stable release, I can give you a verdict on the entire user experience. + +Until then, I'd say it is a project that I believe a lot of users will appreciate 👏 + +You can download the ISO by joining its Discord channel for now. The ISO is not yet publicly available to all. Take a look at its [documentation][11] if you are curious. + +[Vanilla OS][12] + +However, as per the roadmap, they plan to have a release candidate soon enough. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/vanilla-os-beta/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/first-look-at-vanilla-os.jpg +[2]: https://usebottles.com +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/vanillaos.jpg +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/vanillaos-installer.jpg +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/choosing-package-vanillaos.png +[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/vanilla-os-first-setup.png +[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/vanillaos-wallpaper.jpg +[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/Screenshot-from-2022-10-25-12-54-29.png +[9]: https://github.com/Vanilla-OS/almost +[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/apx-install.jpg +[11]: https://documentation.vanillaos.org +[12]: https://vanillaos.org/roadmap From b0f5947fe97ab52b70b85a54f0b688e5c778ae09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 04:13:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 53/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020221027.13=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Canonical's=20Adding?= =?UTF-8?q?=20a=20Neat=20Ability=20to=20the=20Steam=20Snap=20App=20for=20G?= =?UTF-8?q?amers.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...at Ability to the Steam Snap App for Gamers.md | 88 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20221027.13 ⭐️ Canonical's Adding a Neat Ability to the Steam Snap App for Gamers.md diff --git a/sources/news/20221027.13 ⭐️ Canonical's Adding a Neat Ability to the Steam Snap App for Gamers.md b/sources/news/20221027.13 ⭐️ Canonical's Adding a Neat Ability to the Steam Snap App for Gamers.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..77f6676cee --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221027.13 ⭐️ Canonical's Adding a Neat Ability to the Steam Snap App for Gamers.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +[#]: subject: "Canonical's Adding a Neat Ability to the Steam Snap App for Gamers" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/steam-snap-app-mesa/" +[#]: author: "Rishabh Moharir https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Canonical's Adding a Neat Ability to the Steam Snap App for Gamers +====== + +Canonical is making reasonable efforts with its Steam snap app. A snap app that you can't hate? + +![Canonical's Adding a Neat Ability to the Steam Snap App for Gamers][1] + +Gaming on Linux is getting popular and evolving every year, with Valve and the Steam Deck playing a significant part. + +According to the [Steam Hardware and Software survey][2], Ubuntu remains one of the most popular Linux distros for gaming. + +The company behind Ubuntu – Canonical – is taking the necessary steps to make gaming on Ubuntu a seamless experience. They announced the launch of Steam as a Snap application in **April 2022** which is currently in 'early access'. + +![steam snap][3] + +Now, Canonical aims to elevate the gaming experience by letting users choose different Mesa graphics stacks effortlessly. + +### Easy Switch to Latest Mesa for Best Experience + +[Mesa][4] is an integral part of gaming on Linux, especially for AMD and Intel users. It is an open-source graphics stack that includes a range of graphics APIs like OpenGL and Vulkan to help run your favorite games. + +Since the Steam Snap bundles all the required dependencies and supports 32-bit libraries, users don't need to do anything manually to get things running. The Steam snap is containerized and isolated from the operating system. + +**But what about the Mesa graphics drivers?** + +For now, the Snap app installs the latest Mesa driver available in [oibaf's PPA repo][5] by default. You get the bleeding-edge drivers out of the box. But, you cannot change it quickly. + +In a [blog post][6] by Canonical, they mentioned some improvements to the Steam's snap app that makes this easy. + +It includes the introduction of **Content snaps** as an easier way to make use of Mesa drivers. + +Unlike regular dependencies, Content snaps are packaged separately from the main Steam snap. They can be utilized by other applications and thus prevent bloat or duplication. Moreover, they are also updated independently since they aren't directly bundled with the Steam snap. + +There are three Mesa driver stacks available - + +- **oibaf-latest** – Default bleeding-edge release +- **kisak-turtle**– Stable release +- **kisak-fresh** –  Latest point release, highly unstable + +Users can customize their Mesa stack by easily switching between them anytime. To play the latest games on the market, users may need to use the bleeding-edge release to avoid issues while gaming. On the other hand, the stable build should do for older titles. + +The blog post mentions: + +> This will enable users to choose their preferred Mesa track independently of the upgrade track of the Steam snap. + +So, users should be able to toggle between the available driver stacks. + +Sounds useful, isn't it? 😃 + +> 💡This feature is still being worked on and should be added to the stable channel soon along with Steam snap. As of now, it is available through the beta channel. + +### Thoughts?🤔 + +Snaps may not appeal to all Linux users due to some of their disadvantages. + +But gamers may find Steam as a snap quite helpful. The option to choose the preferred graphics stack should be very welcoming to users. Ubuntu seems to be taking gaming quite seriously. + +**Via:**[omg!ubuntu!][7] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/steam-snap-app-mesa/ + +作者：[Rishabh Moharir][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/steam-snap-app-upgrade-for-gamers.png +[2]: https://store.steampowered.com/hwsurvey?platform=linux +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/steam-snap.jpg +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-mesa-ubuntu/ +[5]: https://launchpad.net/~oibaf/+archive/ubuntu/graphics-drivers +[6]: https://canonical.com/blog/what-the-steam-snap-is-evolving +[7]: https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/10/canonicals-steam-snap-will-let-you-switch-between-different-mesa-stacks From 5bc807de43992799c4588eb96612e925478ca3af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 04:14:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 54/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020221028.3=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20A=20New=20Web=20Browse?= =?UTF-8?q?r=20For=20P2P=20Internet=20Experience=20With=20Secure=20Messagi?= =?UTF-8?q?ng=20and=20Bitcoin=20Lightning=20Network.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ure Messaging and Bitcoin Lightning Network.md | 87 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 87 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20221028.3 ⭐️ A New Web Browser For P2P Internet Experience With Secure Messaging and Bitcoin Lightning Network.md diff --git a/sources/news/20221028.3 ⭐️ A New Web Browser For P2P Internet Experience With Secure Messaging and Bitcoin Lightning Network.md b/sources/news/20221028.3 ⭐️ A New Web Browser For P2P Internet Experience With Secure Messaging and Bitcoin Lightning Network.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b31ef4cc07 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221028.3 ⭐️ A New Web Browser For P2P Internet Experience With Secure Messaging and Bitcoin Lightning Network.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +[#]: subject: "A New Web Browser For P2P Internet Experience With Secure Messaging and Bitcoin Lightning Network" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/impervious-browser/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +A New Web Browser For P2P Internet Experience With Secure Messaging and Bitcoin Lightning Network +====== + +An open-source browser that promises P2P decentralized internet experience with bitcoin integration. + +![A New Web Browser For P2P Internet Experience With Secure Messaging and Bitcoin Lightning Network][1] + +P2P services for chat, video calls, and document editing are not yet mainstream. + +However, the idea for a P2P connection provides better control over the data and security and prevents censorship. + +Impervious browser is an exciting initiative that gives you access to P2P tools and a decentralized experience. The tools include: + +- **End-to-end encrypted chat.** +- **Encrypted P2P video and audio calls.** +- **Live Docs.** + +Additionally, it supports the [Bitcoin lightning network][2], which facilitates instant Bitcoin transactions. If you are a fan of cryptocurrency integrations, this could sound interesting, or it's just another fancy addition for most common users. + +### Impervious Browser: How Does it Work? + +Technically, the browser is a customized Mozilla Firefox experience. So, you can expect the same features and capabilities. + +The browser relies on Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs), i.e., decentralized digital IDs, to verify a person or connect with them. + +![impervious DID][3] + +Digital Identity + +You can find the DID from the settings, which you can share with anyone on the web to add you as a contact. + +Once you do that, you can send a message, initiate a video call, and collaborate with the live document feature for any work. + +![][4] + +Connection Request with a contact + +And this is what a conversation looks like: + +![][5] + +For users fond of Bitcoin transactions, you can utilize the Lightning network for super-fast payments while in a video call or message conversation. + +You need to connect to a lightning node to use the functionality. If you do not have one, Impervious supports creating a [Voltage Lightning Node][6]. + +I haven't tried it. So, if you are someone who uses cryptocurrency and appreciates the integration while collaborating with people through Impervious's P2P network, it should be a seamless experience. + +### Download Impervious + +> 💡Impervious is in the Alpha stage. You can download it but it may not work as you would expect. + +The Impervious browser is available for Linux and macOS (M1/Intel). They intend to release a Windows build soon. + +You can download the latest build from its [GitHub releases section][7] or head to its official website. + +[Impervious][8] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/impervious-browser/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/first-look-at-impervious-browser.png +[2]: https://lightning.network +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/impervious-did.png +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/impervious-connection-request.png +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/impervious-browser-messages.png +[6]: https://voltage.cloud +[7]: https://github.com/imperviousai/imp-browser +[8]: https://www.impervious.ai From d788a6c15cfe02762c3e3997174376373fb5c2ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 04:15:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 55/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020221028.4=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Oh=20No!=20Fedora=2037?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Release=20Gets=20Delayed.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️ Oh No! Fedora 37 Release Gets Delayed.md | 63 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20221028.4 ⭐️ Oh No! Fedora 37 Release Gets Delayed.md diff --git a/sources/news/20221028.4 ⭐️ Oh No! Fedora 37 Release Gets Delayed.md b/sources/news/20221028.4 ⭐️ Oh No! Fedora 37 Release Gets Delayed.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb27469873 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221028.4 ⭐️ Oh No! Fedora 37 Release Gets Delayed.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +[#]: subject: "Oh No! Fedora 37 Release Gets Delayed" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/fedora-37-release-delay/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Oh No! Fedora 37 Release Gets Delayed +====== + +Fedora 37 release is getting delayed for a security fix. Here's what you should know about it. + +![Oh No! Fedora 37 Release Gets Delayed][1] + +The Fedora team usually targets an early release and a delayed date for their schedule. + +This time around, Fedora 37 is getting pushed back with an unexpected delay. From a release target date of 18th October to 25th October, and then 1st November. + +Now, we have to wait until **15 November 2022** to download Fedora 37 available. + +But why the delay? Isn't the testing complete for Fedora 37? What is the hold-up? + +> 💡**OpenSSL has announced a new version that addresses a critical security bug**. The new version is scheduled to release on November 1, 2022. + +Until the release, Fedora's team is unaware of the details regarding the security fix. It could be significant, so Red Hat recommends waiting for it before releasing Fedora 37. + +**Here's what Fedora's Program Manager mentions in a [blog post][2]:** + +> When a security issue is discovered, this information is often shared with the project confidentially. This allows the developers to fix the issue before more people know about it and can exploit it. Projects then share information with downstreams so they can be ready.Ironically, Fedora’s openness means we can’t start preparing ahead of time. All of our build pipelines and artifacts are open. If we were to start building updates, this would disclose the vulnerability before the embargo lifts. As a result, we only know that OpenSSL considers this the highest level of severity and Red Hat’s Product Security team strongly recommended we wait for a fix before releasing Fedora Linux 37. + +#### Time Needed to Test the Release Candidate With OpenSSL's New Version + +The developers need enough time to test Fedora 37's release candidate after they update the necessary package. + +While they could rush it, they intend to push a release only after they are confident about it: + +> The OpenSSL project team plans to publish the security fix about 48 hours before we’d make the go/no-go decision for an 8 November target. Factoring in time to build the updated openssl package and generate a release candidate, that gives us about a day and a half to do testing. That’s not enough time to be comfortable with a change to such an important package. + +Considering it is an important update, it is an excellent decision to test it and prepare it for release. + +Of course, the delay could be for nothing if the security fix is not a massive one. + +However, I believe it is better to have a release that provides a secure experience out of the box instead of having a vulnerable package. + +What do you think about Fedora 37 release being delayed? Share your thoughts in the comments down below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/fedora-37-release-delay/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/fedora-37-delayed.png +[2]: https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-linux-37-update/ From 40c9d844b1ed9d25718e2ccbff3b4c6eb012933b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 04:15:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 56/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020221028.5=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Zorin=20OS=2016.2=20Re?= =?UTF-8?q?leased,=20It's=20All=20About=20Useful=20Refinements.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Released, It's All About Useful Refinements.md | 116 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 116 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20221028.5 ⭐️ Zorin OS 16.2 Released, It's All About Useful Refinements.md diff --git a/sources/news/20221028.5 ⭐️ Zorin OS 16.2 Released, It's All About Useful Refinements.md b/sources/news/20221028.5 ⭐️ Zorin OS 16.2 Released, It's All About Useful Refinements.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d9b361666 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221028.5 ⭐️ Zorin OS 16.2 Released, It's All About Useful Refinements.md @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +[#]: subject: "Zorin OS 16.2 Released, It's All About Useful Refinements" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/zorin-os-16-2-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Zorin OS 16.2 Released, It's All About Useful Refinements +====== + +Zorin OS 16.2 is a sweet upgrade with essential refinements across the board. + +![Zorin OS 16.2 Released, It's All About Useful Refinements][1] + +Zorin OS is one of the [most beautiful Linux distributions][2] based on the Ubuntu LTS releases. + +Not just limited to that, we think of it as one of the finest distros for beginners: + +The latest version, Zorin OS 16.2, is now available to download. + +### Zorin OS 16.2: What's New? + +There are several significant improvements, those include: + +- **Easier to install Windows apps** +- **Improved compatibility with Microsoft office documents** +- **Improved Zorin Connect** +- **GDevelop tool added to Zorin OS Education** + +> 💡The Zorin OS 16 series will get software updates and patches until April 2025. + +#### Easier to Install Windows Apps + +Zorin OS could already detect .exe files and guide you to install them on your distribution using Wine under the hood. + +Now, it gets easier. + +![zorin os windows app support menu][3] + +A new "**Windows App Support**" menu sits under the "**System Tools**" section. + +You can enable Windows app support through it. + +Along with the new menu, the database to detect Windows installer files has also expanded to guide you to a better user experience. + +For instance, launching Windows installers for Epic Games Store or GOG Galaxy directs you to install [Heroic Games Launcher][4]. + +![zorin os heroic games][5] + +### Office Experience Enhancements + +Zorin OS has added alternatives to popular proprietary fonts to improve compatibility with Microsoft Office documents. + +For example, [Carlito][6] is an alternative to Calibri (the default typeface in Office 365). + +### Zorin Connect Gets Better + +Zorin Connect is a valuable utility that helps you connect your mobile device to a Zorin OS-powered computer. + +It already offered a seamless experience. Now, you can view your computer's battery status on your phone, which should be handy for laptop users. + +The battery stats are available by default in Zorin OS 16.2. If you have an older version of Zorin OS, you should update the Zorin Connect app first. + +![zorin connect][7] + +Next, you need to navigate to the paired phone battery option in the Zorin Connect computer app and enable "**Share Statistics**". + +### GDevelop in Zorin OS Education + +![zorin os gdevelop][8] + +Zorin OS offers different editions for various users, and the education variant provides all the valuable tools to learners. + +[GDevelop][9] is a new tool to the list. It is a no-code game development software that reduces the learning curve for programming and helps boost creativity. + +### 🛠️ Other Improvements + +In addition to the highlights, other significant changes include: + +- Updated [LibreOffice 7.4][10] app with WebP support +- Updated applications and graphics drivers +- Added a maximize effect and refined physics for Jelly Mode +- Newer hardware compatibility + +### Download Zorin OS 16.2 + +You can upgrade to the latest version from the Software Updater. If it is a fresh installation, download the ISO from its official website. + +[Zorin OS 16.2][11] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/zorin-os-16-2-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/zoring-os-16-2-release.jpg +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/beautiful-linux-distributions/ +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/zorin-os-16-2-menu.jpg +[4]: https://github.com/Heroic-Games-Launcher +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/heroic-epic-zorin-os-16-2.png +[6]: https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/carlito +[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/zorin-connect-battery-share-statistics.png +[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/gdevelop.jpg +[9]: https://gdevelop.io +[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/libreoffice-7-4-release/ +[11]: https://zorin.com/os/download/ From 92895bf93b212ebea7b0c08cadad9f6b6f339808 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 10:12:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 57/76] RP @littlebirdnest https://linux.cn/article-15192-1.html --- ...o stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md | 80 +++++++++++++++++++ ...o stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md | 80 ------------------- 2 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md diff --git a/published/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md b/published/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..485a46b7e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/" +[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "littlebirdnest" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15192-1.html" + +Rhino Linux：滚动发布但也很稳定的 Ubuntu +====== + +> 滚动发布的 Ubuntu 发行版？等等，什么？ Rhino Linux 听起来不错…… + +![Ubuntu but rolling but also stable! That's what Rhino Linux aims to be][1] + +Rhino Linux 将成为 [Rolling Rhino Remix][2] 的继任者。这个由 http.llamaz 构建的 Linux 发行版，提供了滚动发布的**非官方的** Ubuntu 变体版本。 + +需要澄清的是，该项目从未旨在取代其他稳定的发行版，而纯粹是一个充满乐趣的激情项目。 + +而随着人们开始将其用作日常使用并对其期望更多，开发人员决定将其变成一个严肃的项目。 + +Rhino Linux 作为它的继任者。那么，你对它的期待是什么？ + +### 有请继任者 Rhino Linux + +其主要目标是提供稳定的 Ubuntu 体验，同时仍提供滚动发布模式。 + +目标仍保持不变，但 Rhino Linux 的基础将得到彻底改变。他们有可能使它成为一个令人印象深刻的滚动发布的 Ubuntu 发行版。 + +**听起来很令人兴奋！🤯** + +在其核心，Rhino Linux 将使用稍微修改过的 [Xfce][3] 版本作为其桌面环境；之所以选择它是因为它众所周知的稳定性和速度。 + +Rhino Linux 的创始人提到了以下几点： + +> 滚动版 Ubuntu 仍然是我们的核心理念。Rhino Linux 并不是从 Rolling Rhino Remix 中分离出来的，而是将它重新设想为更稳定、更成熟的发行版，它原本就应该以这种方式出厂。 + +![xfce 4.14][4] + +除此之外，[Pacstall][5] 将用作 Rhino Linux 上的默认包管理器及其存储库之一。 + +> 💡 Pacstall 是一个受 [AUR][6] 启发的 Ubuntu 包管理器。 + +Pacstall 的开发由其创始人 [Plasma][7] 领导。他还作为新开发人员之一（副项目负责人）加入，而 [Sourajyoti Basak][8] 作为另一位核心成员加入。 + +### 前进：可用性和发布 + +在撰写本文时，Rhino Linux 尚未确定任何具体的发布日期，但你可以预计它会在 **2023** 年的某个时间发布。 + +Rolling Rhino Remix 会发生什么？ + +开发者澄清说，它将在 Rhino Linux 发布后继续维护三个月。但是，在 2022 年 1 月 11 日后继发布之后，它没有新的发布镜像。 + +你可以通过访问其 [官方网站][9] 了解更多关于 Rhino Linux 的信息。 + +_💬 你觉得 Rhino Linux 怎么样？它可以成为值得尝试的官方 Ubuntu 风格的竞争者吗？_ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/ + +作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[littlebirdnest](https://github.com/littlebirdnest) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/rhino-linux.png +[2]: https://github.com/rollingrhinoremix +[3]: https://www.xfce.org/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/XFCE_4.14.png +[5]: https://github.com/pacstall/pacstall +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ +[7]: https://github.com/Henryws +[8]: https://github.com/wizard-28 +[9]: https://rhinolinux.org/ diff --git a/translated/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md b/translated/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md deleted file mode 100644 index a119f8cfd4..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/" -[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "littlebirdnest" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Ubuntu，不但滚动发布但也很稳定这就是 Rhino Linux 的目标 -====== - -滚动发布的 Ubuntu 发行版？等等，什么？ Rhino Linux 听起来很迷人.. - -![Ubuntu but rolling but also stable! That's what Rhino Linux aims to be][1] - -Rhino Linux 将成为[Rolling Rhino Remix][2]的继任者。由 http.llamaz 构建的 Linux 发行版， 提供了 Ubuntu 的滚动发布的**非官方**的变体版本 - -需要澄清的是，该项目从未旨在取代其他稳定的发行版，而纯粹是一个充满乐趣的激情项目。 - -考虑到人们开始将其用作日常驱动程序并对其期望更多，开发人员决定将其变成一个严肃的项目。 - -Rhino Linux 作为它的继任者。那么，你能期待什么？ - -### 与Rhino Linux相遇：其继任者 - -主要目标是提供稳定的 Ubuntu 体验，同时仍提供滚动发布模型。 - -目标保持不变，但 Rhino Linux 的基础将得到彻底改革。他们有可能使它成为一个令人印象深刻的滚动发布的Ubuntu 发行版。 - -**听起来很令人兴奋！🤯** - -在其核心，Rhino Linux 将使用稍微修改过的 [XFCE][3]版本作为其桌面环境；之所以选择它是因为它众所周知的稳定性和速度。 - -Rhino Linux 的创始人提到了以下几点： - -> Ubuntu 作为滚动发行版仍然是我们概念的核心。 Rhino Linux 并不是从 Rolling Rhino Remix 中分离出来的，而是将它重新设想为更稳定、更成熟的发行版，它应该像最初一样发布。 - -![xfce 4.14][4] - -除此之外，[Pacstall][5]将用作 Rhino Linux 上的默认包管理器及其存储库之一。 - -> 💡Pacstall 是一个受 [AUR][6]启发的 Ubuntu 包管理器。 - -其开发由 Pacstall 的创始人[_Plasma_][7]领导. 他还作为新开发人员之一（副项目负责人）加入，[Sourajyoti Basak][8]作为另一位核心成员加入。 - -### 前进：可用性和发布 - -在撰写本文时，Rhino Linux 尚未收到任何具体的发布日期，但您可以预计它会在 **2023** 年的某个时间发布。 - -Rolling Rhino Remix 会发生什么？ - -开发者澄清说，Rhino Linux 发布后会继续维护三个月。但是，在 2022 年 1 月 11 日发布之后，它不会有新的发布映像。 - -您可以通过访问其[官方网站][9]了解更多关于 Rhino Linux 的信息。 - -_💬 你觉得 Rhino Linux 怎么样？它可以成为值得尝试的官方 Ubuntu 风格的竞争者吗？_ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/rhino-linux/ - -作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[littlebirdnest](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/rhino-linux.png -[2]: https://github.com/rollingrhinoremix -[3]: https://www.xfce.org/ -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/XFCE_4.14.png -[5]: https://github.com/pacstall/pacstall -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ -[7]: https://github.com/Henryws -[8]: https://github.com/wizard-28 -[9]: https://rhinolinux.org/ From 3bf6a2b1f21ed10c04aee80c3a1bfbf0f7f719b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 10:56:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 58/76] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-15193-1.html --- ...netes help solve automation challenges-.md | 33 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md (56%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md b/published/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md similarity index 56% rename from translated/tech/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md rename to published/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md index 695da770ac..ff7192f67f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md +++ b/published/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md @@ -3,49 +3,52 @@ [#]: author: "Rom Adams https://opensource.com/users/romdalf" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15193-1.html" Kubernetes 能否帮助解决自动化挑战？ ====== -组织层面的自动化一直是一个难以实现的目标，但 Kubernetes 或许能够改变这一切。 -当我在 2002 年采用 Gentoo Linux 作为我的主要操作系统时，我开始了我的自动化之旅。二十年后，自动化还没有完成。当我与客户和合作伙伴会面时，他们分享了团队内部的自动化胜利，但他们也描述了在组织层面实现类似成功所面临的挑战。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202210/30/105625ocz9sd9z6g4dzb44.jpg) -大多数 IT 组织都能够端到端地配置虚拟机，从而将过去 4 周的交付周期缩短到仅 5 分钟。这种级别的自动化本身就是一个复杂的工作流程，需要网络（IP 地址管理、DNS、代理、网络区域等）、身份访问管理、[hypervisor][2]、存储、备份、更新操作系统、应用最新的配置文件、监控、安全和强化以及合规性基准测试。哇！ +> 组织层面的自动化一直是一个难以实现的目标，但 Kubernetes 或许能够改变这一切。 -满足高速、可扩展和按需自动化的业务需求并不容易。例如，考虑使用经典的网上商店或在线政府服务来提交纳税申报表。工作负载有明确的峰值需要吸收。 +当我在 2002 年采用 Gentoo Linux 作为我的主要操作系统时，我开始了我的自动化之旅。二十年后，自动化还没有完成。当我与客户和合作伙伴会面时，他们分享了团队内部的自动化成果，但他们也描述了在组织层面实现类似成功所面临的挑战。 -处理此类负载的一种常见方法是拥有一个超大的服务器集群，以供 IT 专业人员的特定团队使用，监控客户或公民的季节性涌入。每个人都希望及时部署整个栈。他们希望基础架构在混合云场景的上下文中运行工作负载，使用“构建-消耗-垃圾”模型来优化成本，同时从无限弹性中受益。 +大多数 IT 组织都能够端到端地提供虚拟机，从而将过去 4 周的交付周期缩短到仅 5 分钟。这种级别的自动化本身就是一个复杂的工作流程，需要网络（IP 地址管理、DNS、代理、网络区域等）、身份访问管理、[虚拟机管理程序][2]、存储、备份、更新操作系统、应用最新的配置文件、监控、安全和强化以及合规性基准测试，等等。哇，这么多！ + +满足高速、可扩展和按需自动化的业务需求并不容易。例如，来看看经典的网上商店或提交纳税申报表的在线政府服务，其工作负载有明确的峰值需要面对。 + +处理此类负载的一种常见方法是拥有一个超大的服务器集群，以供 IT 专业人员的特定团队使用，监控客户或公民的季节性涌入。每个人都希望及时部署整个栈。他们希望基础架构在混合云场景的上下文中运行工作负载，使用“构建-消耗-回收build-consume-trash”模型来优化成本，同时从无限弹性中受益。 换句话说，每个人都想要乌托邦式的“云体验”。 ### 云真的能交付吗？ -一切都没有丢失，这主要归功于 [Kubernetes][3] 的设计方式。 Kubernetes 的指数级采用推动了创新，取代了管理平台和应用的标准传统做法。 Kubernetes 需要使用 Everything-as-Code (EaC) 来定义所有资源的期望状态，从简单的计算节点到 TLS 证书。 Kubernetes 强制使用三种主要的设计结构： +尚有一线机会，这主要归功于 [Kubernetes][3] 的设计方式。Kubernetes 的指数级普及推动了创新，取代了管理平台和应用的标准传统做法。 Kubernetes 需要使用 “万物皆代码Everything-as-Code”（EaC）来定义从简单的计算节点到 TLS 证书的所有资源的期望状态。Kubernetes 强制使用三种主要的设计结构： * 一个标准接口，以减少内部和外部组件之间的整合问题 * API 优先及仅 API 的方法来标准化其所有组件的 CRUD（创建、读取、更新、删除）操作 * 使用 [YAML][4] 作为通用语言，以简单易读的方式定义这些组件的所有所需状态 -这三个关键组成部分基本上是选择自动化平台的相同要求，至少如果你想让跨职能团队轻松采用。这也模糊了团队之间的职责分工，有助于提高跨孤岛的协作，这是一件好事！ +这三个关键组成部分基本上是选择自动化平台的相同要求，至少如果你想让跨职能团队轻松采用是这样的。这也模糊了团队之间的职责分工，有助于提高跨越孤岛的协作，这是一件好事！ -事实上，采用 Kubernetes 的客户和合作伙伴正在加速进入超自动化状态。 Kubernetes 有机地推动团队采用多种 [DevOps 基础和实践][5]，如： EaC、[使用 Git 进行版本控制][6]、同行评审、[文档即代码][7]并鼓励跨职能协作。这些实践有助于提高团队的自动化技能，并帮助团队在处理应用生命周期和基础架构的 GitOps 和 CI/CD 管道方面获得良好的开端。 +事实上，采用 Kubernetes 的客户和合作伙伴正在加速进入超自动化状态。Kubernetes 有机地推动团队采用多种 [DevOps 基础和实践][5]，如：EaC、[使用 Git 进行版本控制][6]、同行评审、[文档即代码][7]Documentation as Code，并鼓励跨职能协作。这些实践有助于提高团队的自动化技能，并帮助团队在处理应用生命周期和基础架构的 GitOps 和 CI/CD 管道方面取得良好的开端。 ### 让自动化成为现实 -你没看错！网络商店或政府报告等复杂系统的整个栈可以用清晰、可理解、通用的术语定义，可以在任何本地或云提供商上执行。可以定义具有自定义指标的自动伸缩器以触发所需栈的即时部署，以解决季节性高峰期间客户或市民的涌入问题。当指标恢复正常，且云计算资源不再有存在的理由时，你将它们回收并恢复常规运营，一组核心资产在本地接管业务，直到下一次激增。 +你没看错！网络商店或政府报告等复杂系统的整个栈可以用清晰、可理解、通用的术语定义，可以在任何本地或云提供商上执行。可以定义具有自定义指标的自动伸缩器以触发所需栈的即时部署，以解决季节性高峰期间客户或市民的涌入问题。当指标恢复正常，且云计算资源不再有存在的理由时，你将它们回收并恢复常规运营，而由一组核心资产在本地接管业务，直到下一次激增。 ### 鸡和蛋的悖论 考虑到 Kubernetes 和云原生模式，自动化是必须的。但它提出了一个重要的问题：一个组织可以在解决自动化战略之前采用 Kubernetes 吗？ -似乎从 Kubernetes 开始可以激发更好的自动化，但这并不是一个定局。工具不是对技能、实践和文化问题的解决方案。但是，设计良好的平台可以成为 IT 组织内学习、变革和跨职能协作的催化剂。 +似乎从 Kubernetes 开始可以激发更好的自动化，但这并不是一个一成不变的结论。工具不是对技能、实践和文化问题的解决方案。但是，设计良好的平台可以成为 IT 组织内学习、变革和跨职能协作的催化剂。 ### 开始使用 Kubernetes -即使你觉得自己错过了自动化列车，也不要害怕从简单、不复杂的栈上开始使用 Kubernetes。当你[掌握了初始步骤][8]，就可以拥抱这个出色的编排器的简单性，并根据更复杂的需求进行迭代。 +即使你觉得自己错过了自动化列车，也不要害怕从简单、不复杂的栈上开始使用 Kubernetes。当你 [掌握了初始步骤][8]，就可以拥抱这个出色的编排系统的简单性，并根据更复杂的需求进行迭代。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/kubernetes-solve-automation-challenges 作者：[Rom Adams][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 6deb7504a78c3a2ab841afe9839e673adc495408 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 12:41:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 59/76] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-15194-1.html --- ...u 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md | 33 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md (72%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md b/published/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md similarity index 72% rename from translated/tech/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md rename to published/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md index 2b2023b118..a4ea73de8f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md +++ b/published/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md @@ -3,41 +3,44 @@ [#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15194-1.html" -# 在 Ubuntu 22.10 上安装 Gedit 并将其设为默认文本编辑器 +在 Ubuntu 22.10 上安装 Gedit 并将其设为默认文本编辑器 +====== -[GNOME 有一个全新的文本编辑器][1]来取代旧的 Gedit 编辑器。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202210/30/124029bf0qjklphcpzpclh.jpg) -虽然 GNOME 42 已经可以使用它，但 Ubuntu 22.04 依赖于 Gedit。 +[GNOME 有了一个全新的文本编辑器][1]，以取代旧的 Gedit 编辑器。 -这在 Ubuntu 22.10 中发生了变化。 GNOME 文本编辑器是默认程序，甚至没有安装 Gedit。 +虽然 GNOME 42 已经可以使用了它，但 Ubuntu 22.04 还依赖于 Gedit。 + +这在 Ubuntu 22.10 中发生了变化。 GNOME 文本编辑器Text Editor 现在是默认程序，甚至没有安装 Gedit。 ![搜索文本编辑器只出现 GNOME 文本编辑器][2] 虽然新编辑器足够好，但并不是每个人都喜欢它。如果你将 Gedit 与其他插件一起频繁使用，则尤其如此。 -如果你属于这些人，让我向你展示如何在 Ubuntu 上安装 Gedit。我还将分享如何将其设为默认文本编辑器。 +如果你属于这类人，让我向你展示如何在 Ubuntu 上安装 Gedit。我还将分享如何将其设为默认文本编辑器。 ### 在 Ubuntu 上安装 Gedit 这实际上是不费吹灰之力的。虽然默认未安装 Gedit，但它仍然可以在 Ubuntu 仓库中找到。 -所以，你所要做的就是使用 apt 命令来安装它： +所以，你所要做的就是使用 `apt` 命令来安装它： ``` sudo apt install gedit ``` -Gedit 也可以在软件中心中找到，但它是 snap 包。如果你愿意，你可以安装它。 +Gedit 也可以在软件中心中找到，但它是 Snap 包。如果你愿意，你可以安装它。 ![Gedit 也可以在 Ubuntu 的 Snap 商店中找到][3] #### 安装 Gedit 插件（可选） -默认情况下，Gedit 为你提供访问一些插件的选项。你可以从 menu->preference->plugins 启用或禁用插件。 +默认情况下，Gedit 为你提供访问一些插件的选项。你可以从 “汉堡菜单->偏好Preference->插件Plugins” 启用或禁用插件。 ![在 Gedit 中访问插件][4] @@ -55,15 +58,15 @@ sudo apt install gedit-plugins ![其他 Gedit 插件][6] -**提示**：如果你发现 Gedit 因缺少底角而显得有些格格不入，你可以安装一个名为 [Round Bottom Corner][7] 的 GNOME 扩展。这将为包括 Gedit 在内的所有应用强制圆底角。 +**提示**：如果你发现 Gedit 因缺少底角而显得有些格格不入，你可以安装一个名为 [Round Bottom Corner][7] 的 GNOME 扩展。这将为包括 Gedit 在内的所有应用强制添加圆底角。 ### 使 Gedit 成为默认文本编辑器 -好了！你已经安装了 Gedit，但文本文件仍然在双击操作后使用 GNOME 文本编辑器打开。要使用 Gedit 打开文件，你需要右键单击，然后选择“打开方式”选项。 +好了！你已经安装了 Gedit，但文本文件仍然在双击操作后使用 GNOME 文本编辑器打开。要使用 Gedit 打开文件，你需要右键单击，然后选择“打开方式open with”选项。 如果你希望一直使用 Gedit 打开文本文件，你可以将其设置为默认程序。 -右键单击文本文件并选择“打开方式”选项。在此处选择 Gedit 并从底部启用“始终用于此文件类型”选项。 +右键单击文本文件并选择“打开方式open with”选项。在此处选择 Gedit 并从底部启用“始终用于此文件类型Always use for this file type”选项。 ![设置 Gedit 为默认文本编辑器][8] @@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/install-gedit-ubuntu/ 作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者 ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux 中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 4348666d2e65f482fee13d2527462d5cb2f7344f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 15:27:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 60/76] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-15195-1.html --- ...thon 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md | 34 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md (70%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md b/published/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md similarity index 70% rename from translated/tech/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md rename to published/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md index 768e7a7091..04f9379ddf 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md +++ b/published/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md @@ -3,38 +3,40 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15195-1.html" 如何在 Ubuntu 和其他相关 Linux 中安装 Python 3.10 ====== -**计划为工作安装 Python 3.10？以下是在 Ubuntu 和相关发行版中安装 Python 3.10 的方法。** +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202210/30/152139lddzddabu5u4buud.jpg) -Python 3.10 于 2021 年 10 月 25 日发布，具有附加功能和更新。此版本带来了更好的错误消息处理、新的模式匹配功能、TypeAlias、用户定义的类型保护等。你可以在[此处][1]阅读发布亮点。 +> 计划为工作安装 Python 3.10？以下是在 Ubuntu 和相关发行版中安装 Python 3.10 的方法。 + +Python 3.10 于 2021 年 10 月 25 日发布，具有附加功能和更新。此版本带来了更好的错误消息处理、新的模式匹配功能、类型别名TypeAlias、用户定义的类型保护等。你可以在 [此处][1] 阅读发布重点。 在编写本指南时，大多数当前发行版都采用 Python 3.10。例如，Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 和 Fedora 36 默认都有 Python 3.10。 -也就是说，如果你现在需要任何不支持的版本中的 Python 3.10，你可以使用[下面的可靠 PPA][2]在 Ubuntu 中安装最新的 Python 3.10。下面是方法。 +也就是说，如果你现在在任何不支持的版本中需要 Python 3.10，你可以使用 [下面的可靠 PPA][2] 在 Ubuntu 中安装最新的 Python 3.10。下面是方法。 ### 如何在 Ubuntu 上安装 Python 3.10 -此 PPA 可用于 Ubuntu 21.10、Ubuntu 21.04、Ubuntu 20.04 LTS、Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 和 Linux Mint 20.x、Elementary OS 6 和其他相关的基于 Ubuntu 的发行版。大多数默认情况下不支持 3.10。 +此 PPA 可用于 Ubuntu 21.10、Ubuntu 21.04、Ubuntu 20.04 LTS、Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 和 Linux Mint 20.x、Elementary OS 6 和其他相关的基于 Ubuntu 的发行版。这些发行版大多数默认情况下不支持 3.10。 -- 打开终端并添加以下 PPA。 +打开终端并添加以下 PPA： ``` sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa ``` -- 使用以下命令刷新缓存。 +使用以下命令刷新缓存： ``` sudo apt update ``` -- 并使用以下命令安装 Python 3.10。 +并使用以下命令安装 Python 3.10： ``` sudo apt install python3.10 @@ -42,9 +44,9 @@ sudo apt install python3.10 ### 设置 Python 版本 -将 Python 3.10 设置为默认值需要一些额外的步骤。请跟上。 +将 Python 3.10 设置为默认值需要一些额外的步骤。如下。 -**警告**：你的 Ubuntu 系统中的许多应用程序依赖于 Python 3.9 的库存版本。因此，请确保你的工作应用（例如 GIMP、GNOME 终端等）与 Python 3.10 兼容。所以，要小心。 +> **警告**：你的 Ubuntu 系统中的许多应用程序依赖于 Python 3.9 的库存版本。因此，请确保你的工作应用（例如 GIMP、GNOME 终端等）与 Python 3.10 兼容。所以，要小心。 **快速提示：** 如果要检查已安装的系统包中的哪些依赖于特定版本，请使用 `apt-cache` 命令的 `rdepends` 开关。在下面的示例中，我检查哪些已安装的包依赖于 Python 3.8。 @@ -100,13 +102,13 @@ gedit #### 使用 Python 3.10 作为默认 Python3 -- 首先，使用终端中的以下命令检查当前默认版本。 +首先，使用终端中的以下命令检查当前默认版本。 ``` python3 --version ``` -- 使用 `update-alternatives` 创建指向 python3 的符号链接。 +使用 `update-alternatives` 创建指向 `python3` 的符号链接。 ``` sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.9 1 @@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.9 1 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.10 2 ``` -- 并通过以下命令选择使用哪一个作为 Python3： +并通过以下命令选择使用哪一个作为 `python3`： ``` sudo update-alternatives --config python3 @@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-10-ubuntu/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From bc5f28694b8bca8350d0184124474cab36977a07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: chai001125 <1637519169@qq.com> Date: Sun, 30 Oct 2022 17:19:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 61/76] translating --- ...ay commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20221024.3 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md b/sources/tech/20221024.3 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md index 3df3f70944..3d0add6c8f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20221024.3 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md +++ b/sources/tech/20221024.3 ⭐️ How to display commits created on a specific day with the git log command.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/git-log-command" [#]: author: "Agil Antony https://opensource.com/users/agantony" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "chai001125" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 075ec9619f6df7d7c2acb0f5eb9c9446c2605c71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 01:57:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 62/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221030.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20Enable=20Da?= =?UTF-8?q?rk=20Mode=20in=20Web=20Browser.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md | 100 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 100 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md b/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ca77ebd2f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/dark-mode-browser/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser +====== + +**This guide is about helping you how to enable dark mode in popular web browser(s) such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Chromium and Microsoft Edge.** + +We all love dark mode. Many people prefer it over standard light mode. While many desktop applications provide the dark mode natively, some apps adapt to dark mode via the desktop environment’s underlying modes. + +You can not deny that we all spend hours on web browsers. We seldom use desktop apps (unless you are specific to work, such as video editing, etc.). So, when you spend many hours reading and studying in a browser, you can always opt for dark mode. But, coming to the web browser, things are a little different. + +This guide gives you the simple steps which you can follow to enable dark mode in Mozilla Firefox, Chromium, Google Chrome and Edge browsers. + +### Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser + +#### Enable Dark Mode in Firefox + +- Open Firefox and click on the little hamburger menu at the right-top. +- Click `Settings > Extension and Themes`. +- Select the `Dark Theme` and click `enable`. And you should see the dark mode is applied to Firefox. + +![Enable dark mode in Firefox][1] + +Enable dark mode in Firefox browser + +![Firefox in Dark Mode][2] + +Firefox in Dark Mode + +- To revert it back, follow the same steps and select Light Theme. + +#### Dark Mode in Chromium and Google Chrome + +Chromium or Google Chrome doesn’t pre-install any dark theme by default. Hence, you need to go to Chrome Web Store and download any dark theme you want. For this guide, I would recommend “Morpheon Dark” theme, which over a million users use. + +Open the Morpheon Dark theme page (below link) from the Chromium web browser. + +[Morpheon Dark Theme in Chrome Web Store][3] + +Click on Add To Chrome button. And it should be enabled in Chrome. + +You may want to explore other Black and White or dark themes available in Chrome Web Store. [Visit this page for all collections of dark themes.][4] + +However, one thing you should remember is that – this theme would not change the settings or context menu, which is obvious. Because it just changes the browser window, and those menus are part of the operating system itself (sometimes). + +![Chromium Dark Theme][5] + +Chromium Dark Theme + +Follow the same steps for the Google Chrome browser as well. + +#### Edge Browser – Dark Mode + +[Microsoft Edge browser][6], however, comes with a better dark theme by default. It allows you to use GTK+, Light and Dark modes from settings. + +- Open Edge Browser +- Click on the three little dots on the right-top side. +- Go to Appearance and choose Dark. And you should be all set. + +This dark theme implementation of Edge is better because it changes the context menu and the address bar. + +![Edge in Dark Theme][7] + +Edge in Dark Theme + +### Closing Notes + +If you are an advanced user, you probably do not need this guide. You can figure it out. + +But we cover all the basic to advanced tutorials for all our readers. Many new Linux users may not know how also to enable dark mode in the browser. + +So, that said, I hope this helps you and others. Let me know in the comment box below if you face any trouble. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/dark-mode-browser/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Enable-dark-mode-in-Firefox.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Firefox-in-Dark-Mode-1024x423.jpg +[3]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/morpheon-dark/mafbdhjdkjnoafhfelkjpchpaepjknad?hl=en-GB +[4]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/category/collection/dark_themes +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Chromium-Dark-Theme-1024x463.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/10/how-to-install-edge-ubuntu-linux/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Edge-in-Dark-Theme-1024x541.jpg From 48fc2d5d9e96f935d3636a94a1e487b87ce9d721 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 02:05:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 63/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221030.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=203=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Best=20Free=20Photoshop=20Alternatives=20for=20Ubuntu=20and=20o?= =?UTF-8?q?ther=20Linux.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...otoshop Alternatives for Ubuntu and other Linux.md | 160 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 160 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221030.1 ⭐️⭐️ 3 Best Free Photoshop Alternatives for Ubuntu and other Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221030.1 ⭐️⭐️ 3 Best Free Photoshop Alternatives for Ubuntu and other Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221030.1 ⭐️⭐️ 3 Best Free Photoshop Alternatives for Ubuntu and other Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c8531f1390 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221030.1 ⭐️⭐️ 3 Best Free Photoshop Alternatives for Ubuntu and other Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +[#]: subject: "3 Best Free Photoshop Alternatives for Ubuntu and other Linux" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/3-best-free-photoshop-alternatives-ubuntu-linux/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +3 Best Free Photoshop Alternatives for Ubuntu and other Linux +====== + +**We present three best Photoshop alternatives for Linux systems that are free and open-source.** + +Photoshop is a raster graphics image editor and manipulator developed by Adobe. This decade-old software is a de facto standard for the photographic industry. However, it is a paid product and doesn’t run on Linux. For many users in this industry, Photoshop is still costly and comes with a hefty subscription fee. Since it does not run on Linux, you must use Windows or macOS with additional free operating systems and hardware. + +As you can see, to use Photoshop, you end up paying additional fees, which are not even related to Photoshop. + +Though nothing technically replaces software, below are some free and open-source apps that come close to Photoshop in terms of its functionality. + +Also, all these three apps are available as Flatpak and Snap. So you can install it in any Linux distribution. + +### Best Photoshop Alternatives for Linux + +#### 1. GIMP + +[GIMP][1], aka GNU Image Manipulation Program, is the default and best image editor program available as free in Linux, Windows and Mac. GIMP is also as old as Photoshop regarding how long the software has been in the industry. + +GIMP is very active in the development, and each new release delivers the next set of improvements, keeping in line with the industry. + +![GIMP is one of the best Photoshop Alternative available for free][2] + +GIMP is one of the best Photoshop Alternative available for free + +Though some very advanced Photoshop features are not available in GIMP, GIMP can still match its features as closely as Photoshop. GIMP also supports scripting, which is a powerful feature of this application. GIMP is supported by a huge list of free plugins, such as GMIC for filters, which you can use to extend its features to a great extent. + +##### Key features of GIMP + +- 8-bit and 16-bit CMYK(A) TILL files support +- WebP image support +- JPEG XL, and BIGTIFF file support +- Configurable user interfaces with light/dark/system theme. +- Extensible layer options +- External add-on support +- Localized glyphs in the text tool + +##### How To Install + +GIMP is available as both Flatpak and Snap, which you can run in any Linux distribution. Download from the below links. I would recommend using Flatpak since it gets you the latest version of this app as soon as it releases. + +For Flatpak, [set up your system][3], and then run the below to install from the terminal. + +``` +flatpak install flathub org.gimp.GIMP +``` + +Also, for Snap installation, visit [this page][4]. + +For those who prefer the native apt package, you can run the following from the terminal to install it. + +``` +sudo apt install gimp +``` + +For Windows and Mac, visit [this page][5] for download options. + +#### 2. Inkscape + +[Inkscape][6] is a vector graphics editor for editing illustrations, logos and complex paintings. Though this app is mainly used to manipulate SVG diagrams, it can also be used for editing images and helping with certain functionalities of Photoshop. This can act as a lightweight alternative to Photoshop. + +![][7] + +##### Key features of Inkscape + +- Object creation and manipulation +- Freehand drawing, simple path, calligraphy support +- Wide variety of shape tools +- Text tools (multi-line text, full-on canvas) +- RGB, HSL, CYMK, CMS colour selector +- Gradient editor +- Nodes and paths +- Boolean operations +- Command line options + +##### How to Install + +Inkscape is available in Flatpak, Snap and native deb/RPM formats. For Flatpak installation, [set up your system to use Flatpak][3] and use the following command to install it. This is recommended way. + +``` +flatpak install flathub org.inkscape.Inkscape +``` + +For the Snap package, visit [this page][8]. + +If you prefer the native deb/rpm package, use the following commands to install it in Fedora and Ubuntu. + +``` +sudo apt install inkscape +``` + +``` +sudo dnf install inkscape +``` + +#### 3. Darktable + +[Darktable][9] is a photo editing and photo workflow application designed to handle raw photos. It can manage photos in a non-destructive way for post-production. + +Like Photoshop, it can also handle/edit raster graphics, and this app is beneficial to photographers who handle many photos for their workflow. + +You can find more darktable features [here][10]. + +##### How to Install + +Darktable is also available as both Flatpak and Snap. The recommended way is to use the Flatpak version. To do that, first [set up your system to use Flatpak][3]. Then run the following command. + +``` +flatpak install flathub org.darktable.Darktable +``` + +For Snap, visit [this page][11]. + +If you prefer the legacy way of installation, then follow the below commands via the terminal. You can also use the respective distro’s Software repo to install. + +``` +sudo apt install darktable +``` + +``` +sudo dnf install darktable +``` + +### Summary + +Photoshop is an amazing application and has become a standard today. However, I feel the above three free apps can somewhat be close to photoshop and act as the best photoshop alternatives for Linux systems. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/3-best-free-photoshop-alternatives-ubuntu-linux/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.gimp.org/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/GIMP-is-one-of-the-best-Photoshop-Alternative-available-for-free.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/ +[4]: https://snapcraft.io/gimp +[5]: https://www.gimp.org/downloads/ +[6]: https://gitlab.com/inkscape/inkscape +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Inkscape-Running.png +[8]: https://snapcraft.io/inkscape +[9]: https://www.darktable.org/ +[10]: https://www.darktable.org/about/features/ +[11]: https://snapcraft.io/darktable From 1fa40928e798938a0e1539797a6b71b9a7674667 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 02:09:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 64/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221030.2=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Inst?= =?UTF-8?q?all=20WoeUSB=20on=20Ubuntu=20to=20Create=20a=20Bootable=20Windo?= =?UTF-8?q?ws=20USB.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...eUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md | 190 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 190 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221030.2 ⭐️⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221030.2 ⭐️⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md b/sources/tech/20221030.2 ⭐️⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78c2e75f83 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221030.2 ⭐️⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +[#]: subject: "Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-woeusb-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB +====== + +Want to create a bootable Windows USB on Linux? Ventoy is a pretty good option. + +But before Ventoy, WoeUSB used to be the go-to tool for this purpose. The original WoeUSB project got discontinued around 2014. + +Owing to its popularity, a new developer took the task of bringing the project back from the dead. And hence WoeUSB-ng was born. “ng” here stands for “new generation”. In other words, [WoeUSB-ng][1] is the new generation WoeUSB. But since the original tool doesn’t exist anymore, I’ll be referring WoeUSB-ng as WoeUSB. + +In this tutorial, I’ll show you how to install WoeUSB on Ubuntu Linux. I’ll also share the steps for creating bootable Windows USBs with WoeUSB. + +But before that, let’s quickly look at the features of this awesome tool. + +### WoeUSB + +![install woeusb ubuntu][2] + +WoeUSB is a simple tool that has the sole purpose of [creating bootable Windows USB on Linux][3]. + +The original WoeUSB is a shell script. This same WoeUSB is rewritten as WoeUSB-ng in python, which can be installed on your system and provides both a command-line and GUI interface. + +**Features:** + +- Support Legacy PC/UEFI booting +- Support FAT32 and NTFS filesystems +- Support using physical installation disc or disk image as source +- It can be used for Windows Vista and later with any language or edition variants +- Legacy/MBR-style/IBM PC compatible boot mode +- Native UEFI booting is supported for Windows 7 and later images (limited to the FAT filesystem as the target) + +### Installing WoeUSB on Ubuntu and other Linux distros + +Arch Linux users can install WoeUSB-ng from AUR. + +For other distros, WoeUSB can be installed using PIP. It’s a Python application, after all. I am going to provide commands for Ubuntu/Debian here. + +To install WoeUSB-ng, you need to [install PIP][4] and other necessary dependencies first. + +``` +sudo apt install git p7zip-full python3-pip python3-wxgtk4.0 grub2-common grub-pc-bin +``` + +After this, you can install WoeUSB-ng by running: + +``` +sudo pip3 install WoeUSB-ng +``` + +For all other installations, you can refer to their [instructions][5]. + +[WoeUSB-ng][1] + +### Prerequisite: Get Windows ISO and a compatible USB + +This one goes without saying. You need to have the ISO file of the Windows version you want to install. + +From the Microsoft website, you should be able to get the ISO for Windows 10 and 11. + +[Download Windows][6] + +If you have ISOs for older Windows versions, they can also be used. + +Apart from that, you need to have a USB key/pen drive of at least 8 GB in size. You should format it in NTFS filesystem. + +### Method 1: Using WoeUSB to create a bootable Windows USB graphically (recommended) + +Open woeusb-gui from the activity overview or menu. + +![woeusb in ubuntu activities overview][7] + +In the application window, select the downloaded Windows ISO and the desired USB drive as shown in the screenshot and press **Install**. + +![woeusb gui setup][8] + +There are also other tweaks available within the app, which can be accessed by the top menu bar. + +After pressing install, the woeUSB will start formatting and copying files. You need to wait for some time because there are approximately 6 GB of files to be copied. + +![woeusb writing windows iso to the usb drive][9] + +Once copying completes, WoeUSB will prompt a success dialog. You can now safely eject the USB and use it as a bootable USB. + +![woeusb completed writing and gives a success message][10] + +### Method 2: Using WoeUSB from the terminal (for experts) + +WoeUSB-ng package also provides a command-line utility called woeusb. + +To create the bootable Windows USB using WoeUSb, you need to run the following command: + +``` +sudo woeusb --device --target-filesystem ntfs +``` + +Here, the `--device` flag is used to wipe the USB and create a bootable from scratch completely. Also, the –target-filesystem flag is set to NTFS, to avoid problems of copying files more than the size limits of the FAT system. + +![woeusb commandline][11] + +The process will take some time to complete copying. Once completed, it will display a success message. + +![woeusb commandline success message][12] + +At this point, you can eject the USB safely and use it as a Windows bootable USB on other PCs. + +### Bonus: Using WoeUSB Bash shell script (for experts) + +WoeUSB is also available as a bash shell script, which can be used without installing anything on your system. + +First, you want to download the shell script from the [releases page of the project][13]. + +Before [executing the shell file][14], you need to get the required dependencies. To install, run: + +``` +sudo apt install wimtools +``` + +Now make it executable either through file manager or through command-line. + +![make woeusb script executable][15] + +Or you can run `chmod +x ` to make it executable. Now, run`./woeusb-5.2.4.bash -h` inside the downloaded directory to get help. + +In order to create a live USB, the process is same as the command-line part of woeusb-ng, except, you are not installing anything. + +So, in a terminal, run: + +``` +sudo --device --target-filesystem ntfs +``` + +This will start writing the ISO to USB drive, as shown in the screenshot below: + +![woeusb bash script running without installation][16] + +Once completed, you can safely eject the USB and use it as bootable USB. + +### Removing WoeUSB + +If you installed WoeUSB using PIP, you can also remove it similarly: + +``` +pip3 uninstall WoeUSB-ng +``` + +You can keep the installed dependencies on your system or remove them. That’s entirely up to you. I would suggest keeping them. + +### Wrapping Up + +WoeUSB was an immensely popular tool around ten years ago. It’s good that it has been continued in another form by someone else. That’s the beauty of open source. + +I hope this tutorial helped you. If somehow the Windows USB created by WoeUSB doesn’t work as expected, you may [try using Ventoy][3]. Enjoy it. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/install-woeusb-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Sreenath][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://github.com/WoeUSB/WoeUSB-ng +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/install-woeusb-ubuntu.png +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/bootable-windows-usb-linux/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-pip-ubuntu/ +[5]: https://github.com/WoeUSB/WoeUSB-ng#installation +[6]: https://www.microsoft.com/en-in/software-download/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/woeusb-in-ubuntu-activities-overview.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/woeusb-gui-setup.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/woeusb-writing-windows-iso-to-the-usb-drive.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/woeusb-completed-writing-and-gives-a-success-message.png +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/woeusb-commandline.png +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/woeusb-commandline-success-message.png +[13]: https://github.com/WoeUSB/WoeUSB/releases/tag/v5.2.4 +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/run-shell-script-linux/ +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/make-woeusb-script-executable.png +[16]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/woeusb-bash-script-running-without-installation.png From aa7c052fa858f3c60a833a01e004c12c94cbcf6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 07:39:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 65/76] Translated --- ...ntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md | 117 ----------------- ...ntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md | 118 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 118 insertions(+), 117 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20221021.1 ⭐️ How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20221021.1 ⭐️ How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221021.1 ⭐️ How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md b/sources/tech/20221021.1 ⭐️ How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md deleted file mode 100644 index 314a431bab..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20221021.1 ⭐️ How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,117 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic)" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-22-10/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic) -====== - -**Here are the steps on how to upgrade your current Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish to Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu.** - -Always stay with long-term support release. That is the thumb rule. So, the prior [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][1] Jammy Jellyfish is supported until April 2027. That’s a long time. - -In addition, LTS releases are super stable. They rarely break and become unstable. So, if you use your laptop/desktop or server installation with the LTS version, stay with it. - -However, if you want the latest Kernel, GNOME 43, and new technology like Pipewire – you might want to make the jump and want to upgrade to [Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu][2]. - -Here’s how. - -### Upgrade Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) to Ubuntu 22.10 (Kinetic Kudu) - -**Note**: I hope you are not running Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri, released last October. Because that’s out of support. But for any reason, if you are still running it, I would recommend you do a fresh install of 22.10. Or, do a step upgrade to 22.04 and then 22.10. - -#### Before you upgrade - -Before you upgrade, do a little housekeeping. This is super important. - -- Take backups of your `/home`, /`downloads` and other files to USB or any separate partition in case the upgrade fails. - -- If you have added additional PPA over time, make sure you note them down. However, the upgrade process would disable the PPA before it starts. However, after the upgrade is complete, make sure to enable them manually. - -- Note down and disable all the GNOME Extensions. Extensions tend to break after the upgrade if it’s not updated by the developer aligned with the GNOME version. - -- Keep a LIVE USB stick handy. - -#### Upgrade steps - -- Open Software & Update. - -- Go to the Updates tab. - -- Select ‘`Notify me of a new Ubuntu version'`and change it to `'For any new version'.` - -- This will tell the package manager to look for the Ubuntu 22.10 release details. - -![Make sure to change the option for new Ubuntu 22.10 release][3] - -- Open a terminal and run below. - -``` -sudo apt updatesudo apt upgrade -``` - -Alternatively, you can open the Software Updater as well. Install all the pending packages. - -- Once both the commands are complete, open the ‘Software Updates’. And you will see a prompt to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 (as shown in the below image). - -![New version update prompt from the GUI method][4] - -- Now click on the `Upgrade` button and follow the on-screen instructions. The upgrade process takes time, so be patient and wait until it finishes. Make sure you have stable internet connectivity for the entire upgrade process. - -If you still don’t get the update, wait a day or two and try. - -- If you do not see the above prompt, do a manual reboot of your system. Add try again. - -**Via terminal** - -- Open the following file via the nano file editor in the terminal. - -``` -nano /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades -``` - -- Change the `Prompt=LTS` to `Prompt=normal`. Note: If you have changed the updates tab to “For any new version” as mentioned above, then this file should be updated already. But verify once. - -![Change the release upgrade file][5] - -- Press CTRL+O and CTRL+X to save and exit. - -- Finally, you can also run the below command to force the upgrade process from the terminal. - -``` -sudo do-release-upgrade -c -``` - -![New version update prompt from the terminal method][6] - -The upgrade process will take some time (minimum half-hour or more) based on your internet connection and hardware. Wait until it is complete. Once done, restart and enjoy the Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu. - -![Upgrade is in progress][7] - -While the upgrade process is in progress, take a look at the exciting articles we [recently published on Ubuntu 22.10][8]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-22-10/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-04-review/ -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-10/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Make-sure-to-change-the-option-for-new-Ubuntu-22.10-release.jpg -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/New-version-update-prompt-from-the-GUI-method2.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Change-the-release-upgrade-file.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/New-version-update-prompt-from-the-terminal-method.jpg -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Upgrade-is-in-progress.jpg -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/ubuntu-22-10 diff --git a/translated/tech/20221021.1 ⭐️ How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md b/translated/tech/20221021.1 ⭐️ How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1c7bf6143 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20221021.1 ⭐️ How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic).md @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.10 From 22.04 LTS (Jammy to Kinetic)" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-22-10/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何从 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 升级到 22.10 (从 Jammy 到 Kinetic) +====== + +**这里是一些关于如何将你当前的 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish 升级到 Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu 的步骤。** + +一直停留在长期支持的发布版本，这是金科玉律。因为，先前的 [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][1] Jammy Jellyfish 将被支持到2027年4月。这是一段很长的时间。 + +此外，LTS 版本超级稳定。它们很少损坏并变得不稳定。因此，如果你在笔记本电脑/台式机电脑或服务器上安装使用 LTS 版本，保持使用它。 + +然而，如果你想要最新的内核、GNOME 43 和最新的技术，像 like Pipewire – 你可能会想完成版本跳级，并升级到 [Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu][2] 。 + +这里是如何做的方法。 + +### 升级 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) 到 Ubuntu 22.10 (Kinetic Kudu) + +**注意**: 我希望你没有运行去年10月份发布的 Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri 。因为它已经不被支持。但是鉴于某些原因，你正在运行它，我建议你直接重新安装 22.10 。或者，先升级到 22.04 ，再升级到 22.10 。 + +#### 在你升级前 + +在你升级前，做一些内务整理。这是非常重要的。 + +- 备份你的 `/home`、/`downloads` 和其它的文件到 USB 驱动器或任意独立的分区，以防升级失败。 + +- 如果你随着时间的流逝而添加了一些额外的 PPA ，确保将它们记录下来。虽然，在升级过程开始前，升级过程将禁用 PPA 。不过，在升级完成后，确保手动启用 PPA 。 + +- 记录并禁用所有的 GNOME 扩展。如果开发人员没有按照 GNOME 版本进行更新，那么扩展在升级后将会损坏。 + +- 家中常备一个 LIVE USB 磁盘。 + +#### 升级步骤 + +- 打开 软件包和更新 Software & Update 。 + +- 转到 更新 Updates 标签页 + +- 转到 通知我新的 Ubuntu 版本 Notify me of a new Ubuntu version +- 选择 并将其更改为 任意新的版本 For any new version + +- 这将告诉软件包管理器来查找 Ubuntu 22.10 发布版本的详细信息。 + +![Make sure to change the option for new Ubuntu 22.10 release][3] + +- 打开一个终端，并运行下面的命令。 + +``` +sudo apt updatesudo apt upgrade +``` + +或者，你也可以打开软件包更新程序。安装所有的准备服役的软件包。 + +- 在两个命令完成后，打开软件包更新。你将会看到一个升级到 Ubuntu 22.10 的提示 (如下图所示) 。 + +![New version update prompt from the GUI method][4] + +- 现在，单击 升级Upgrade 按钮，并按照屏幕上的说明进行操作。升级过程需要一些时间，因此，要耐心等待，直至升级完成。确保在整个升级过程中有稳定的互联网链接。 + +如果你尚未获得更新，请等待一、两天后再次尝试。 + +- 如果你没有看到上述提示，手动重新启动一次系统I。并再次添加尝试。 + +**通过终端** + +- 在终端中通过 nano 文件编辑器打开下面的文件。 + +``` +nano /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades +``` + +- 将 `Prompt=LTS` 更改为 `Prompt=normal` 。注意：如果你已经如上所述将更新标签页更改为 “任意新的版本” ，那么这个文件应该已经更新了。但是，要验证它一次。 + +![Change the release upgrade file][5] + +- 分别按下组合键 CTRL+O 和组合键 CTRL+X 来保存和退出。 + +- 最后，你也可以运行下面的命令来从终端中强制升级过程。 + +``` +sudo do-release-upgrade -c +``` + +![New version update prompt from the terminal method][6] + +升级过程需要花费一些时间 (最少半个小时，上不封顶)，这主要取决于你的互联网连接和硬件。直至等到其完成。在完成后，重新启动并享受 Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu. + +![Upgrade is in progress][7] + +在升级过程进行时，看看我们 [不久前发布的关于 Ubuntu 22.10][8] 的精彩文章。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-22-10/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-04-review/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-22-10/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Make-sure-to-change-the-option-for-new-Ubuntu-22.10-release.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/New-version-update-prompt-from-the-GUI-method2.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Change-the-release-upgrade-file.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/New-version-update-prompt-from-the-terminal-method.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Upgrade-is-in-progress.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/ubuntu-22-10 From 1707b44aeb2541b315f1649d4c6f6fd04e744c0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 11:12:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 66/76] Translating --- ...⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20221030.2 ⭐️⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md b/sources/tech/20221030.2 ⭐️⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md index 78c2e75f83..d01f64b415 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20221030.2 ⭐️⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md +++ b/sources/tech/20221030.2 ⭐️⭐️ Install WoeUSB on Ubuntu to Create a Bootable Windows USB.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-woeusb-ubuntu/" [#]: author: "Sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "robsean" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 7e82aa072c47375f3fd5d756983d3fab23621f44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Donkey Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 15:14:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 67/76] translated --- ...t you need to know about compiling code.md | 102 ------------------ ...t you need to know about compiling code.md | 100 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 102 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20221013 What you need to know about compiling code.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20221013 What you need to know about compiling code.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221013 What you need to know about compiling code.md b/sources/tech/20221013 What you need to know about compiling code.md deleted file mode 100644 index c5d7f16a36..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20221013 What you need to know about compiling code.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "What you need to know about compiling code" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/compiling-code" -[#]: author: "Alan Smithee https://opensource.com/users/alansmithee" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "Donkey-Hao" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -What you need to know about compiling code -====== -Use this handy mousetrap analogy to understand compiling code. Then download our new eBook, An open source developer's guide to building applications. - -Source code must be compiled in order to run, and in open source software everyone has access to source code. Whether you've written code yourself and you want to compile and run it, or whether you've downloaded somebody's project to try it out, it's useful to know how to process source code through a [compiler][2], and also what exactly a compiler does with all that code. - -### Build a better mousetrap - -We don't usually think of a mousetrap as a computer, but believe it or not, it does share some similarities with the CPU running the device you're reading this article on. The classic (non-cat) mousetrap has two states: it's either set or released. You might consider that *on* (the kill bar is set and stores potential energy) and *off* (the kill bar has been triggered.) In a sense, a mousetrap is a computer that calculates the presence of a mouse. You might imagine this code, in an imaginary language, describing the process: - -``` -if mousetrap == 0 then - There's a mouse! -else - There's no mouse yet. -end -``` - -In other words, you can derive mouse data based on the state of a mousetrap. The mousetrap isn't foolproof, of course. There could be a mouse next to the mousetrap, and the mousetrap would still be registered as *on* because the mouse has not yet triggered the trap. So the program could use a few enhancements, but that's pretty typical. - -### Switches - -A mousetrap is ultimately a switch. You probably use a switch to turn on the lights in your house. A lot of information is stored in these mechanisms. For instance, people often assume that you're at home when the lights are on. - -You could program actions based on the activity of lights on in your neighborhood. If all lights are out, then turn down your loud music because people have probably gone to bed. - -A CPU uses the same logic, multiplied by several orders of measure, and shrunken to a microscopic level. When a CPU receives an electrical signal at a specific register, then some other register can be tripped, and then another, and so on. If those registers are made to be meaningful, then there's communication happening. Maybe a chip somewhere on the same motherboard becomes active, or an LED lights up, or a pixel on a screen changes color. - -**[[ Related read 6 Python interpreters to try in 2022 ]][3]** - -What comes around goes around. If you really want to detect a rodent in more places than the one spot you happen to have a mousetrap set, you could program an application to do just that. With a webcam and some rudimentary image recognition software, you could establish a baseline of what an empty kitchen looks like and then scan for changes. When a mouse enters the kitchen, there's a shift in the pixel values where there was previously no mouse. Log the data, or better yet trigger a drone that focuses in on the mouse, captures it, and moves it outside. You've built a better mousetrap through the magic of on and off signals. - -### Compilers - -A code compiler translates human-readable code into a machine language that speaks directly to the CPU. It's a complex process because CPUs are legitimately complex (even more complex than a mousetrap), but also because the process is more flexible than it strictly "needs" to be. Not all compilers are flexible. There are some compilers that have exactly one target, and they only accept code files in a specific layout, and so the process is relatively straight-forward. - -Luckily, modern general-purpose compilers aren't simple. They allow you to write code in a variety of languages, and they let you link libraries in different ways, and they can target several different architectures. The [GNU C Compiler (GCC)][4] has over 50 lines of options in its `--help` output, and the LLVM `clang` compiler has over 1000 lines in its `--help` output. The GCC manual contains over 100,000 words. - -You have lots of options when you compile code. - -Of course, most people don't need to know all the possible options. There are sections in the GCC man page I've never read, because they're for Objective-C or Fortran or chip architectures I've never even heard of. But I value the ability to compile code for several different architectures, for 64-bit and 32-bit, and to run open source software on computers the rest of the industry has left behind. - -### The compilation lifecycle - -Just as importantly, there's real power to understanding the different stages of compiling code. Here's the lifecycle of a simple C program: - -1. C source with macros (.c) is preprocessed with `cpp` to render an `.i` file. -2. C source code with expanded macros (.i) is translated with `gcc` to render an `.s` file. -3. A text file in Assembly language (.s) is `as`sembled with as into an `.o` file. -4. Binary object code with instructions for the CPU, and with offsets not tied to memory areas relative to other object files and libraries (*.o) is linked with `ld` to produce an executable. -5. The final binary file either has all required objects within it, or it's set to load linked dynamic libraries (*.so files). - -And here's a simple demonstration you can try (with some adjustment for library paths): - -``` -$ cat << EOF >> hello.c - #include - int main(void) - { printf("hello world\n"); -   return 0; } -   EOF -$ cpp hello.c > hello.i -$ gcc -S hello.i -$ as -o hello.o hello.s -$ ld -static -o hello \ --L/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-slackware-linux/5.5.0/ \ -/usr/lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib64/crti.o hello.o \ -/usr/lib64/crtn.o  --start-group -lc -lgcc \ --lgcc_eh --end-group -$ ./hello -hello world -``` - -### Attainable knowledge - -Computers have become amazingly powerful, and pleasantly user-friendly. Don't let that fool you into believing either of the two possible extremes: computers aren't as simple as mousetraps and light switches, but they also aren't beyond comprehension. You can learn about compiling code, about how to link, and compile for a different architecture. Once you know that, you can debug your code better. You can understand the code you download. You may even fix a bug or two. Or, in theory, you could build a better mousetrap. Or a CPU out of mousetraps. It's up to you. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/compiling-code - -作者：[Alan Smithee][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[Donkey-Hao](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/alansmithee -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/primer-assemblers-compilers-interpreters -[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/python-interpreters-2022 -[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/gnu-c-compiler diff --git a/translated/tech/20221013 What you need to know about compiling code.md b/translated/tech/20221013 What you need to know about compiling code.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0ed6f694e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20221013 What you need to know about compiling code.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +[#]: subject: "What you need to know about compiling code" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/compiling-code" +[#]: author: "Alan Smithee https://opensource.com/users/alansmithee" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "Donkey-Hao" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +关于编译代码你应该知道的 +====== +用这个老鼠夹比喻来理解编译代码。然后下载我们新电子书《开源开发者开发应用指导手册》。 + +每个人都可以获取开源软件源代码，必须源代码要经过编译才能够运行程序。无论你是自己编写了代码，并且想要编译和运行它，还是你已经下载了某人的项目来尝试它，了解如何通过 [编译器][2] 处理源代码，以及编译器如何处理这些代码，这都很有用。 + +### 创建一个更好的老鼠夹 + +一般情况我们不会将一个老鼠夹比作电脑，但不管你信不信，它确实与你正在使用的设备（手机或电脑）的 CPU 有一些相似之处。经典的老鼠夹有两种状态：打开或者释放。你可以认为 *打开* 是将老鼠夹设置好准备捕获老鼠，以及 *释放* 是夹子被老鼠触发。某种意义上来说，老鼠夹就像是有鼠标的电脑。你可能会想到这个代码，用虚构的语言来描述这个过程： + +``` +if mousetrap == 0 then + There's a mouse! +else + There's no mouse yet. +end +``` + +换句话说，你可以基于老鼠夹的状态发现是否有老鼠。当然，老鼠夹不是万无一失的，有可能有一只老鼠在老鼠夹旁边，由于老鼠还没有触发老鼠夹，所以它的状态还是 *打开* 的。因此该程序可以进行改进，这都是非常典型的。 + +### 开关 + +总的来说，老鼠夹就是一个开关。你会在家里使用开关打开灯。可以从开关中获得许多信息。比如，人们会从你家灯的状态了解到你是否在家。 + +你可以根据邻居家灯的状态来改变行为。如果邻居家所有的灯都熄灭了，那么请关掉你大声的音乐，因为人们可能已经上床睡觉了。 + +乘以几个数量级，缩小到微观级别的 CPU 也使用这样的逻辑。当 CPU 在特定寄存器处接收到电信号时，可以触发其他一些寄存器，然后触发另一个，以此类推。如果这些寄存器有特定的意义，那么就可以通信。也许激活同一主板上某处的芯片，或者使 LED 亮起，或者改变屏幕上的像素颜色。 + +**[[ 相关阅读：2022 年可以尝试的 6 个 Python 解释程序 ]][3]** + +种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。如果你真的想在多个位置而不是仅限于一处发现老鼠，但是你只有一个老鼠夹，那你应该开发一个应用才行。使用网络摄像头和一些基本的图像识别软件，你可以建立空厨房的模型，然后扫描变化。当老鼠进入厨房，在原先没有老鼠的图像上会有像素的变化。记录下这些数据，如果有无人机可以追踪老鼠并捕获会更好，这样就可以将老鼠赶出厨房了。这时，你通过打开和关闭信号的魔法，创造了一个更好的捕鼠器。 + +### 编译器 + +代码编译器将人们可阅读的代码转换成 CPU 可以理解的机器语言。这是非常复杂的过程，因为 CPU 非常复杂（甚至比老鼠夹更加复杂），同时因为该过程比严格“需要”的更加灵活。并不是所有的编译器都很灵活。有一些编译器只有一个目标，它们只会处理固定格式的代码文件，处理过程也因此而简单明了。 + +幸运的是，现代通用编译器不简单。它们允许你编写不同语言的代码，也允许你用不同的方式链接库文件，并且可以生成运行在不同架构的文件。[GNU C 语言编译器][4](GCC) 的 `--help` 会输出超过 50 行的选项，LLVM 的 `clang` 编译器的 `--help` 输出超过 1000 行。GCC 指导手册的字数超过 10 万。当你在编译代码时会有很多选项。 + +当然，大多数人并不需要知道所有的选项。我从未读过 GCC 的手册页面(man page)，因为它为 `Objective-C`、`Fortran` 以及我从未听说过的`芯片架构` 提供帮助。不过我重视它将代码编译为不同的架构—— 64 位或者 32 位——的能力，并且它是开源软件，这已经将其他的编译器甩在后面了。 + +### 编译生命周期 + +同样重要的是，真正厉害的是理解编译代码的不同阶段。这是一个简单的 C 语言程序的生命周期： + +1、 带有宏定义的 C 源代码 `.c` 文件，会被当作 `.cpp` 文件进行预处理为 `.i` 文件。 +2、带有扩展宏定义的 C 源代码 `.i` 文件，会被 `gcc` 翻译输出 `.s` 文件。 +3、汇编语言文本文件 `.s` 会被汇编为 `.o` 文件。 +4、带有 CPU 指令的二进制目标代码，以及相对于其他目标文件和库 (\*.o) 与内存区域无关的偏移量，使用 `ld` 链接以生成可执行文件。 +5、最终的二进制文件要么包含所有需要的对象，要么设置为加载链接的动态库（\*.so 文件）。 + +你可以试试这个简单示例（可能需要对库路径做一些调整）： + +``` +$ cat << EOF >> hello.c + #include + int main(void) + { printf("hello world\n"); + return 0; } + EOF +$ cpp hello.c > hello.i +$ gcc -S hello.i +$ as -o hello.o hello.s +$ ld -static -o hello \ +-L/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-slackware-linux/5.5.0/ \ +/usr/lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib64/crti.o hello.o \ +/usr/lib64/crtn.o --start-group -lc -lgcc \ +-lgcc_eh --end-group +$ ./hello +hello world +``` + +### 可获得的知识 + +计算机已经变得非常强大，并且用户友好。请不要走向这两种可能的极端中的任何一种：计算机不像捕鼠器和电灯开关那么简单，但它们也不是无法理解的。你可以了解编译代码、如何链接以及针对不同架构进行编译。一旦你知道了，你就可以更好地调试代码。你可以理解你下载的代码，甚至可以修复其中的一两个 `bug`。同时从理论上来讲，你可以建造一个更好的捕鼠器，或者 CPU 没有捕鼠器。由你决定。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/compiling-code + +作者：[Alan Smithee][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[Donkey-Hao](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/alansmithee +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/primer-assemblers-compilers-interpreters +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/python-interpreters-2022 +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/gnu-c-compiler From 468e68aa1c3995993ea0c8d47289e1847e0055c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 20:47:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 68/76] translating --- ...0.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md | 13 ++++++------- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md b/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md index 7ca77ebd2f..f0f5a59a1e 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md +++ b/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md @@ -2,13 +2,12 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/dark-mode-browser/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser -====== +# How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser **This guide is about helping you how to enable dark mode in popular web browser(s) such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Chromium and Microsoft Edge.** @@ -78,16 +77,16 @@ But we cover all the basic to advanced tutorials for all our readers. Many new L So, that said, I hope this helps you and others. Let me know in the comment box below if you face any trouble. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +--- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/dark-mode-browser/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[译者 ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者 ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux 中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ [b]: https://github.com/lkxed From d8730503a4b7298342a7013edbd5fd42513c1fd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: FYJNEVERFOLLOWS Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 21:15:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 69/76] translating1031 --- ...2 Convert audio files with this versatile Linux command.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210202 Convert audio files with this versatile Linux command.md b/sources/tech/20210202 Convert audio files with this versatile Linux command.md index 683907b70f..a9d1803e4e 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210202 Convert audio files with this versatile Linux command.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210202 Convert audio files with this versatile Linux command.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (FYJNEVERFOLLOWS ) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/linux-sox 作者：[Klaatu][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[FYJNEVERFOLLOWS](https://github.com/FYJNEVERFOLLOWS) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d1eac8bf97aa37385a344a277dc3cca407315ea4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 21:29:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 70/76] translated --- ...️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md | 99 ------------------- ...️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md | 99 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md b/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md deleted file mode 100644 index f0f5a59a1e..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/dark-mode-browser/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -# How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser - -**This guide is about helping you how to enable dark mode in popular web browser(s) such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Chromium and Microsoft Edge.** - -We all love dark mode. Many people prefer it over standard light mode. While many desktop applications provide the dark mode natively, some apps adapt to dark mode via the desktop environment’s underlying modes. - -You can not deny that we all spend hours on web browsers. We seldom use desktop apps (unless you are specific to work, such as video editing, etc.). So, when you spend many hours reading and studying in a browser, you can always opt for dark mode. But, coming to the web browser, things are a little different. - -This guide gives you the simple steps which you can follow to enable dark mode in Mozilla Firefox, Chromium, Google Chrome and Edge browsers. - -### Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser - -#### Enable Dark Mode in Firefox - -- Open Firefox and click on the little hamburger menu at the right-top. -- Click `Settings > Extension and Themes`. -- Select the `Dark Theme` and click `enable`. And you should see the dark mode is applied to Firefox. - -![Enable dark mode in Firefox][1] - -Enable dark mode in Firefox browser - -![Firefox in Dark Mode][2] - -Firefox in Dark Mode - -- To revert it back, follow the same steps and select Light Theme. - -#### Dark Mode in Chromium and Google Chrome - -Chromium or Google Chrome doesn’t pre-install any dark theme by default. Hence, you need to go to Chrome Web Store and download any dark theme you want. For this guide, I would recommend “Morpheon Dark” theme, which over a million users use. - -Open the Morpheon Dark theme page (below link) from the Chromium web browser. - -[Morpheon Dark Theme in Chrome Web Store][3] - -Click on Add To Chrome button. And it should be enabled in Chrome. - -You may want to explore other Black and White or dark themes available in Chrome Web Store. [Visit this page for all collections of dark themes.][4] - -However, one thing you should remember is that – this theme would not change the settings or context menu, which is obvious. Because it just changes the browser window, and those menus are part of the operating system itself (sometimes). - -![Chromium Dark Theme][5] - -Chromium Dark Theme - -Follow the same steps for the Google Chrome browser as well. - -#### Edge Browser – Dark Mode - -[Microsoft Edge browser][6], however, comes with a better dark theme by default. It allows you to use GTK+, Light and Dark modes from settings. - -- Open Edge Browser -- Click on the three little dots on the right-top side. -- Go to Appearance and choose Dark. And you should be all set. - -This dark theme implementation of Edge is better because it changes the context menu and the address bar. - -![Edge in Dark Theme][7] - -Edge in Dark Theme - -### Closing Notes - -If you are an advanced user, you probably do not need this guide. You can figure it out. - -But we cover all the basic to advanced tutorials for all our readers. Many new Linux users may not know how also to enable dark mode in the browser. - -So, that said, I hope this helps you and others. Let me know in the comment box below if you face any trouble. - ---- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/dark-mode-browser/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者 ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者 ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux 中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Enable-dark-mode-in-Firefox.jpg -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Firefox-in-Dark-Mode-1024x423.jpg -[3]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/morpheon-dark/mafbdhjdkjnoafhfelkjpchpaepjknad?hl=en-GB -[4]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/category/collection/dark_themes -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Chromium-Dark-Theme-1024x463.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/10/how-to-install-edge-ubuntu-linux/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Edge-in-Dark-Theme-1024x541.jpg diff --git a/translated/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md b/translated/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4150dcc145 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20221030.0 ⭐️ How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Enable Dark Mode in Web Browser" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/dark-mode-browser/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +# 如何在 Web 浏览器中启用深色模式 + +**本指南旨在帮助你在 Firefox、Google Chrome、Chromium 和 Microsoft Edge 等流行的网络浏览器中启用深色模式。** + +我们都喜欢黑暗模式。与标准浅色模式相比，许多人更喜欢它。虽然许多桌面应用原生提供深色模式，但一些应用通过桌面环境的底层模式适应深色模式。 + +你不能否认我们在网络浏览器上花费数小时。我们很少使用桌面应用（除非你从事专门的工作，例如视频编辑等）。因此，当你花费大量时间在浏览器中阅读和学习时，你始终可以选择深色模式。但是，来到网络浏览器，事情就有些不同了。 + +本指南为你提供了在 Mozilla Firefox、Chromium、Google Chrome 和 Edge 浏览器中启用深色模式的简单步骤。 + +### 在 Web 浏览器中启用深色模式 + +#### 在 Firefox 中启用深色模式 + +- 打开 Firefox 并点击右上角的菜单。 +- 单击 `设置 > 扩展和主题`。 +- 选择`深色主题`并点击`启用`。你应该会看到深色模式已应用于 Firefox。 + +![Enable dark mode in Firefox][1] + +在 Firefox 浏览器中启用深色模式 + +![Firefox in Dark Mode][2] + +深色模式下的 Firefox + +- 要将其还原，请按照相同的步骤并选择浅色主题。 + +#### Chromium 和 Google Chrome 中的浅色模式 + +默认情况下，Chromium 或 Google Chrome 不会预安装任何深色主题。因此，你需要前往 Chrome 应用商店并下载你想要的任何深色主题。对于本指南，我会推荐超过一百万用户使用的 “Morpheon Dark” 主题。 + +从 Chromium 浏览器打开 Morpheon Dark 主题页面（以下链接）。 + +[Chrome 应用商店中的 Morpheon Dark 主题][3] + +点击 “Add To Chrome” 按钮。它应该会在 Chrome 中启用。 + +你可能想探索 Chrome 应用店中提供的其他深色或浅色主题。 [访问此页面获取所有深色主题的集合][4]。 + +但是，你应该要记住的一件事是：此主题不会更改设置或上下文菜单，这是显而易见的。因为它只是改变了浏览器窗口，而这些菜单（有时）是操作系统本身的一部分。 + +![Chromium Dark Theme][5] + +Chromium 深色主题 + +对 Google Chrome 浏览器也遵循相同的步骤。 + +#### Edge 浏览器 – 深色模式 + +但是，[Microsoft Edge 浏览器][6]默认带有更好的深色主题。它允许你从设置中使用 GTK+、浅色和深色模式。 + +- 打开 Edge 浏览器 +- 点击右上角的三个小点。 +- 转到外观并选择深色。你应该准备好了。 + +Edge 的这种深色主题实现更好，因为它改变了上下文菜单和地址栏。 + +![Edge in Dark Theme][7] + +深色主题的 Edge + +### 结束语 + +如果你是高级用户，你可能不需要本指南。你可以弄清楚。 + +但我们为所有读者涵盖了所有基础到高级教程。许多新的 Linux 用户可能不知道如何在浏览器中启用深色模式。 + +所以，就是说，我希望这对你和其他人有帮助。如果你遇到任何问题，请在下面的评论框中告诉我。 + +--- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/dark-mode-browser/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者 ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux 中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Enable-dark-mode-in-Firefox.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Firefox-in-Dark-Mode-1024x423.jpg +[3]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/morpheon-dark/mafbdhjdkjnoafhfelkjpchpaepjknad?hl=en-GB +[4]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/category/collection/dark_themes +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Chromium-Dark-Theme-1024x463.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/10/how-to-install-edge-ubuntu-linux/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Edge-in-Dark-Theme-1024x541.jpg From 0f6e472971f8c52df37178571b79b4874b5b0a73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 22:28:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 71/76] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=BD=92=E6=A1=A3=20202210?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; 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CNCF Accepts Open Source Hexa Project As A Sandbox Project.md | 0 ...0220915 How To Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo In Linux.md | 0 ...fault Gateway IP Address In Linux And Unix From Commandline.md | 0 .../20220919 PyLint- The good, the bad, and the ugly.md | 0 .../{ => 202210}/20220920 3 ways to use the Linux inxi command.md | 0 ...d in Ubuntu, Linux Mint using Media Transfer Protocol -MTP-.md | 0 .../{ => 202210}/20220922 5 Git configurations I make on Linux.md | 0 ...lasma Themes to Make Your Linux Desktop Even More Beautiful.md | 0 .../20220923 5 Free and Open-Source Figma Alternatives.md | 0 .../{ => 202210}/20220923 Install JDBC on Linux in 3 steps.md | 0 .../{ => 202210}/20220924 Drop your database for PostgreSQL.md | 0 ...Setup Internet in CentOS, RHEL, Rocky Linux Minimal Install.md | 0 ...eech Recognition to Text in Linux, Ubuntu using Google Docs.md | 0 ...26 The story behind Joplin, the open source note-taking app.md | 0 .../20220927 Attacks On Open Source Software Are On The Rise.md | 0 .../20220927 GUI Apps for Package Management in Arch Linux.md | 0 ...t change alerts from any website with this open source tool.md | 0 ...tem76 Won-t Release Pop!_OS 22.10 Linux Distro- Here-s Why!.md | 0 ...ra is Dropping Support for Popular Video Codecs [Here-s Why!].md | 0 ...ot, Gains Additional Users Thanks To Adobe-s Figma Purchase.md | 0 ...0220929 How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser.md | 0 ...ve] Tuxedo Makes Ubuntu-based -TUXEDO OS- Available For All.md | 0 ... Native Linux GPU Driver for Apple Silicon is Almost Ready!.md | 0 ...21002 How to Enable RPM Fusion Repo in Fedora, CentOS, RHEL.md | 0 ...21003 Get Ready for Ubuntu MATE Experience on Debian Linux!.md | 0 .../20221004 Security Issues With Open Source In Today-s World.md | 0 ... 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RHEL, Rocky Linux Minimal Install.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220926 Speech Recognition to Text in Linux, Ubuntu using Google Docs.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220926 The story behind Joplin, the open source note-taking app.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220927 Attacks On Open Source Software Are On The Rise.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220927 GUI Apps for Package Management in Arch Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220927 Get change alerts from any website with this open source tool.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220927 System76 Won-t Release Pop!_OS 22.10 Linux Distro- Here-s Why!.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220928 Oh No!😱Fedora is Dropping Support for Popular Video Codecs [Here-s Why!].md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220928 Penpot, Gains Additional Users Thanks To Adobe-s Figma Purchase.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220929 How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20220930 [Exclusive] Tuxedo Makes Ubuntu-based -TUXEDO OS- Available For All.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221001 A Native Linux GPU Driver for Apple Silicon is Almost Ready!.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221002 How to Enable RPM Fusion Repo in Fedora, CentOS, RHEL.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221003 Get Ready for Ubuntu MATE Experience on Debian Linux!.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221004 Security Issues With Open Source In Today-s World.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221006 A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221006 Google AI Unveils A New Open Source Library for Array Storage.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221006 Ubuntu Pro Now Gives You 10 Years of Security Updates for Free.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221006 Upgrade Various Kinds of Packages in Linux at Once With Topgrade.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221008 How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221010 How to Update Google Chrome on Ubuntu Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221010 Xubuntu 22.10- Top New Features.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221011 Easiest Way to Open Files as Root in GNOME Files.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221011 How to Enable Snap Support in Arch Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221011 VirtualBox 7.0 Releases With Secure Boot and Full VM Encryption Support.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221012 How to Set Static IP Address on Ubuntu Server 22.04.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221014 First Look at LURE! Bringing AUR to All Linux Distros.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221014 Notion-like Markdown Note-Taking App -Obsidian- is Out of Beta.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221017.3 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Open source DevOps tools in a platform future.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221019.0 ⭐️ GitHub Copilot Appears To Be In Violation Of The Open Source Licence.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221020.1 ⭐️ Kubuntu 22.10 is Now Available!.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221020.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu MATE 22.10 Release Has Some Interesting Upgrades!.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221020.3 ⭐️ Ubuntu Budgie 22.10 Release Improves Control Center and Removes Some GNOME Apps.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221020.5 ⭐️ Ubuntu 22.10 Is Here!.md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md (100%) rename published/{ => 202210}/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md (100%) diff --git a/published/20210207 The Real Novelty of the ARPANET.md b/published/202210/20210207 The Real Novelty of the ARPANET.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210207 The Real Novelty of the ARPANET.md rename to published/202210/20210207 The Real Novelty of the ARPANET.md diff --git a/published/20210415 A beginner-s guide to load balancing.md b/published/202210/20210415 A beginner-s guide to load balancing.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210415 A beginner-s guide to load balancing.md rename to published/202210/20210415 A beginner-s guide to load balancing.md diff --git a/published/20210530 Complete Guide to Configuring SSH in Ubuntu.md b/published/202210/20210530 Complete Guide to Configuring SSH in Ubuntu.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210530 Complete Guide to Configuring SSH in Ubuntu.md rename to published/202210/20210530 Complete Guide to Configuring SSH in Ubuntu.md diff --git a/published/20210601 Get started with Java serverless functions.md b/published/202210/20210601 Get started with Java serverless functions.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210601 Get started with Java serverless functions.md rename to published/202210/20210601 Get started with Java serverless functions.md diff --git a/published/20210602 New ways to learn about open organizations.md b/published/202210/20210602 New ways to learn about open organizations.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210602 New ways to learn about open organizations.md rename to published/202210/20210602 New ways to learn about open organizations.md diff --git a/published/20210604 Optimize Java serverless functions in Kubernetes.md b/published/202210/20210604 Optimize Java serverless functions in Kubernetes.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210604 Optimize Java serverless functions in Kubernetes.md rename to published/202210/20210604 Optimize Java serverless functions in Kubernetes.md diff --git a/published/20210629 Try Linux on any operating system with VirtualBox.md b/published/202210/20210629 Try Linux on any operating system with VirtualBox.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210629 Try Linux on any operating system with VirtualBox.md rename to published/202210/20210629 Try Linux on any operating system with VirtualBox.md diff --git a/published/20210721 Write your first web component.md b/published/202210/20210721 Write your first web component.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210721 Write your first web component.md rename to published/202210/20210721 Write your first web component.md diff --git a/published/20210929 Troubleshooting -Bash- Command Not Found- Error in Linux.md b/published/202210/20210929 Troubleshooting -Bash- Command Not Found- Error in Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20210929 Troubleshooting -Bash- Command Not Found- Error in Linux.md rename to published/202210/20210929 Troubleshooting -Bash- Command Not Found- Error in Linux.md diff --git a/published/20211022 How to Install Visual Studio Code Extensions.md b/published/202210/20211022 How to Install Visual Studio Code Extensions.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20211022 How to Install Visual Studio Code Extensions.md rename to published/202210/20211022 How to Install Visual Studio Code Extensions.md diff --git a/published/20220129 Reasons for servers to support IPv6.md b/published/202210/20220129 Reasons for servers to support IPv6.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220129 Reasons for servers to support IPv6.md rename to published/202210/20220129 Reasons for servers to support IPv6.md diff --git a/published/20220616 Using habits to practice open organization principles.md b/published/202210/20220616 Using habits to practice open organization principles.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220616 Using habits to practice open organization principles.md rename to published/202210/20220616 Using habits to practice open organization principles.md diff --git a/published/20220621 7 summer book recommendations from open source enthusiasts.md b/published/202210/20220621 7 summer book recommendations from open source enthusiasts.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220621 7 summer book recommendations from open source enthusiasts.md rename to published/202210/20220621 7 summer book recommendations from open source enthusiasts.md diff --git a/published/20220902 Julia and Python- Which Language is Quicker-.md b/published/202210/20220902 Julia and Python- Which Language is Quicker-.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220902 Julia and Python- Which Language is Quicker-.md rename to published/202210/20220902 Julia and Python- Which Language is Quicker-.md diff --git a/published/20220902 Where is DevOps Headed-.md b/published/202210/20220902 Where is DevOps Headed-.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220902 Where is DevOps Headed-.md rename to published/202210/20220902 Where is DevOps Headed-.md diff --git a/published/20220906 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Linux.md b/published/202210/20220906 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220906 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Linux.md rename to published/202210/20220906 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Linux.md diff --git a/published/20220912 Python Microservices Using Flask on Kubernetes.md b/published/202210/20220912 Python Microservices Using Flask on Kubernetes.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220912 Python Microservices Using Flask on Kubernetes.md rename to published/202210/20220912 Python Microservices Using Flask on Kubernetes.md diff --git a/published/20220914 3 steps to protect your home network.md b/published/202210/20220914 3 steps to protect your home network.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220914 3 steps to protect your home network.md rename to published/202210/20220914 3 steps to protect your home network.md diff --git a/published/20220914 CNCF Accepts Open Source Hexa Project As A Sandbox Project.md b/published/202210/20220914 CNCF Accepts Open Source Hexa Project As A Sandbox Project.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220914 CNCF Accepts Open Source Hexa Project As A Sandbox Project.md rename to published/202210/20220914 CNCF Accepts Open Source Hexa Project As A Sandbox Project.md diff --git a/published/20220915 How To Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo In Linux.md b/published/202210/20220915 How To Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo In Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220915 How To Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo In Linux.md rename to published/202210/20220915 How To Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo In Linux.md diff --git a/published/20220919 How To Find Default Gateway IP Address In Linux And Unix From Commandline.md b/published/202210/20220919 How To Find Default Gateway IP Address In Linux And Unix From Commandline.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220919 How To Find Default Gateway IP Address In Linux And Unix From Commandline.md rename to published/202210/20220919 How To Find Default Gateway IP Address In Linux And Unix From Commandline.md diff --git a/published/20220919 PyLint- The good, the bad, and the ugly.md b/published/202210/20220919 PyLint- The good, the bad, and the ugly.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220919 PyLint- The good, the bad, and the ugly.md rename to published/202210/20220919 PyLint- The good, the bad, and the ugly.md diff --git a/published/20220920 3 ways to use the Linux inxi command.md b/published/202210/20220920 3 ways to use the Linux inxi command.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220920 3 ways to use the Linux inxi command.md rename to published/202210/20220920 3 ways to use the Linux inxi command.md diff --git a/published/20220921 How to Access Android Devices Internal Storage and SD Card in Ubuntu, Linux Mint using Media Transfer Protocol -MTP-.md b/published/202210/20220921 How to Access Android Devices Internal Storage and SD Card in Ubuntu, Linux Mint using Media Transfer Protocol -MTP-.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220921 How to Access Android Devices Internal Storage and SD Card in Ubuntu, Linux Mint using Media Transfer Protocol -MTP-.md rename to published/202210/20220921 How to Access Android Devices Internal Storage and SD Card in Ubuntu, Linux Mint using Media Transfer Protocol -MTP-.md diff --git a/published/20220922 5 Git configurations I make on Linux.md b/published/202210/20220922 5 Git configurations I make on Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220922 5 Git configurations I make on Linux.md rename to published/202210/20220922 5 Git configurations I make on Linux.md diff --git a/published/20220923 11 Gorgeous KDE Plasma Themes to Make Your Linux Desktop Even More Beautiful.md b/published/202210/20220923 11 Gorgeous KDE Plasma Themes to Make Your Linux Desktop Even More Beautiful.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220923 11 Gorgeous KDE Plasma Themes to Make Your Linux Desktop Even More Beautiful.md rename to published/202210/20220923 11 Gorgeous KDE Plasma Themes to Make Your Linux Desktop Even More Beautiful.md diff --git a/published/20220923 5 Free and Open-Source Figma Alternatives.md b/published/202210/20220923 5 Free and Open-Source Figma Alternatives.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220923 5 Free and Open-Source Figma Alternatives.md rename to published/202210/20220923 5 Free and Open-Source Figma Alternatives.md diff --git a/published/20220923 Install JDBC on Linux in 3 steps.md b/published/202210/20220923 Install JDBC on Linux in 3 steps.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220923 Install JDBC on Linux in 3 steps.md rename to published/202210/20220923 Install JDBC on Linux in 3 steps.md diff --git a/published/20220924 Drop your database for PostgreSQL.md b/published/202210/20220924 Drop your database for PostgreSQL.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220924 Drop your database for PostgreSQL.md rename to published/202210/20220924 Drop your database for PostgreSQL.md diff --git a/published/20220926 How to Setup Internet in CentOS, RHEL, Rocky Linux Minimal Install.md b/published/202210/20220926 How to Setup Internet in CentOS, RHEL, Rocky Linux Minimal Install.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220926 How to Setup Internet in CentOS, RHEL, Rocky Linux Minimal Install.md rename to published/202210/20220926 How to Setup Internet in CentOS, RHEL, Rocky Linux Minimal Install.md diff --git a/published/20220926 Speech Recognition to Text in Linux, Ubuntu using Google Docs.md b/published/202210/20220926 Speech Recognition to Text in Linux, Ubuntu using Google Docs.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220926 Speech Recognition to Text in Linux, Ubuntu using Google Docs.md rename to published/202210/20220926 Speech Recognition to Text in Linux, Ubuntu using Google Docs.md diff --git a/published/20220926 The story behind Joplin, the open source note-taking app.md b/published/202210/20220926 The story behind Joplin, the open source note-taking app.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220926 The story behind Joplin, the open source note-taking app.md rename to published/202210/20220926 The story behind Joplin, the open source note-taking app.md diff --git a/published/20220927 Attacks On Open Source Software Are On The Rise.md b/published/202210/20220927 Attacks On Open Source Software Are On The Rise.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220927 Attacks On Open Source Software Are On The Rise.md rename to published/202210/20220927 Attacks On Open Source Software Are On The Rise.md diff --git a/published/20220927 GUI Apps for Package Management in Arch Linux.md b/published/202210/20220927 GUI Apps for Package Management in Arch Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220927 GUI Apps for Package Management in Arch Linux.md rename to published/202210/20220927 GUI Apps for Package Management in Arch Linux.md diff --git a/published/20220927 Get change alerts from any website with this open source tool.md b/published/202210/20220927 Get change alerts from any website with this open source tool.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220927 Get change alerts from any website with this open source tool.md rename to published/202210/20220927 Get change alerts from any website with this open source tool.md diff --git a/published/20220927 System76 Won-t Release Pop!_OS 22.10 Linux Distro- Here-s Why!.md b/published/202210/20220927 System76 Won-t Release Pop!_OS 22.10 Linux Distro- Here-s Why!.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220927 System76 Won-t Release Pop!_OS 22.10 Linux Distro- Here-s Why!.md rename to published/202210/20220927 System76 Won-t Release Pop!_OS 22.10 Linux Distro- Here-s Why!.md diff --git a/published/20220928 Oh No!😱Fedora is Dropping Support for Popular Video Codecs [Here-s Why!].md b/published/202210/20220928 Oh No!😱Fedora is Dropping Support for Popular Video Codecs [Here-s Why!].md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220928 Oh No!😱Fedora is Dropping Support for Popular Video Codecs [Here-s Why!].md rename to published/202210/20220928 Oh No!😱Fedora is Dropping Support for Popular Video Codecs [Here-s Why!].md diff --git a/published/20220928 Penpot, Gains Additional Users Thanks To Adobe-s Figma Purchase.md b/published/202210/20220928 Penpot, Gains Additional Users Thanks To Adobe-s Figma Purchase.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220928 Penpot, Gains Additional Users Thanks To Adobe-s Figma Purchase.md rename to published/202210/20220928 Penpot, Gains Additional Users Thanks To Adobe-s Figma Purchase.md diff --git a/published/20220929 How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser.md b/published/202210/20220929 How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220929 How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser.md rename to published/202210/20220929 How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser.md diff --git a/published/20220930 [Exclusive] Tuxedo Makes Ubuntu-based -TUXEDO OS- Available For All.md b/published/202210/20220930 [Exclusive] Tuxedo Makes Ubuntu-based -TUXEDO OS- Available For All.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20220930 [Exclusive] Tuxedo Makes Ubuntu-based -TUXEDO OS- Available For All.md rename to published/202210/20220930 [Exclusive] Tuxedo Makes Ubuntu-based -TUXEDO OS- Available For All.md diff --git a/published/20221001 A Native Linux GPU Driver for Apple Silicon is Almost Ready!.md b/published/202210/20221001 A Native Linux GPU Driver for Apple Silicon is Almost Ready!.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221001 A Native Linux GPU Driver for Apple Silicon is Almost Ready!.md rename to published/202210/20221001 A Native Linux GPU Driver for Apple Silicon is Almost Ready!.md diff --git a/published/20221002 How to Enable RPM Fusion Repo in Fedora, CentOS, RHEL.md b/published/202210/20221002 How to Enable RPM Fusion Repo in Fedora, CentOS, RHEL.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221002 How to Enable RPM Fusion Repo in Fedora, CentOS, RHEL.md rename to published/202210/20221002 How to Enable RPM Fusion Repo in Fedora, CentOS, RHEL.md diff --git a/published/20221003 Get Ready for Ubuntu MATE Experience on Debian Linux!.md b/published/202210/20221003 Get Ready for Ubuntu MATE Experience on Debian Linux!.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221003 Get Ready for Ubuntu MATE Experience on Debian Linux!.md rename to published/202210/20221003 Get Ready for Ubuntu MATE Experience on Debian Linux!.md diff --git a/published/20221004 Security Issues With Open Source In Today-s World.md b/published/202210/20221004 Security Issues With Open Source In Today-s World.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221004 Security Issues With Open Source In Today-s World.md rename to published/202210/20221004 Security Issues With Open Source In Today-s World.md diff --git a/published/20221006 A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!.md b/published/202210/20221006 A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221006 A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!.md rename to published/202210/20221006 A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!.md diff --git a/published/20221006 Google AI Unveils A New Open Source Library for Array Storage.md b/published/202210/20221006 Google AI Unveils A New Open Source Library for Array Storage.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221006 Google AI Unveils A New Open Source Library for Array Storage.md rename to published/202210/20221006 Google AI Unveils A New Open Source Library for Array Storage.md diff --git a/published/20221006 Ubuntu Pro Now Gives You 10 Years of Security Updates for Free.md b/published/202210/20221006 Ubuntu Pro Now Gives You 10 Years of Security Updates for Free.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221006 Ubuntu Pro Now Gives You 10 Years of Security Updates for Free.md rename to published/202210/20221006 Ubuntu Pro Now Gives You 10 Years of Security Updates for Free.md diff --git a/published/20221006 Upgrade Various Kinds of Packages in Linux at Once With Topgrade.md b/published/202210/20221006 Upgrade Various Kinds of Packages in Linux at Once With Topgrade.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221006 Upgrade Various Kinds of Packages in Linux at Once With Topgrade.md rename to published/202210/20221006 Upgrade Various Kinds of Packages in Linux at Once With Topgrade.md diff --git a/published/20221008 How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux.md b/published/202210/20221008 How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221008 How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux.md rename to published/202210/20221008 How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux.md diff --git a/published/20221010 How to Update Google Chrome on Ubuntu Linux.md b/published/202210/20221010 How to Update Google Chrome on Ubuntu Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221010 How to Update Google Chrome on Ubuntu Linux.md rename to published/202210/20221010 How to Update Google Chrome on Ubuntu Linux.md diff --git a/published/20221010 Xubuntu 22.10- Top New Features.md b/published/202210/20221010 Xubuntu 22.10- Top New Features.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221010 Xubuntu 22.10- Top New Features.md rename to published/202210/20221010 Xubuntu 22.10- Top New Features.md diff --git a/published/20221011 Easiest Way to Open Files as Root in GNOME Files.md b/published/202210/20221011 Easiest Way to Open Files as Root in GNOME Files.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221011 Easiest Way to Open Files as Root in GNOME Files.md rename to published/202210/20221011 Easiest Way to Open Files as Root in GNOME Files.md diff --git a/published/20221011 How to Enable Snap Support in Arch Linux.md b/published/202210/20221011 How to Enable Snap Support in Arch Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221011 How to Enable Snap Support in Arch Linux.md rename to published/202210/20221011 How to Enable Snap Support in Arch Linux.md diff --git a/published/20221011 VirtualBox 7.0 Releases With Secure Boot and Full VM Encryption Support.md b/published/202210/20221011 VirtualBox 7.0 Releases With Secure Boot and Full VM Encryption Support.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221011 VirtualBox 7.0 Releases With Secure Boot and Full VM Encryption Support.md rename to published/202210/20221011 VirtualBox 7.0 Releases With Secure Boot and Full VM Encryption Support.md diff --git a/published/20221012 How to Set Static IP Address on Ubuntu Server 22.04.md b/published/202210/20221012 How to Set Static IP Address on Ubuntu Server 22.04.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221012 How to Set Static IP Address on Ubuntu Server 22.04.md rename to published/202210/20221012 How to Set Static IP Address on Ubuntu Server 22.04.md diff --git a/published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md b/published/202210/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md rename to published/202210/20221013 Enjoy the Classic Snake Game in Your Linux Terminal.md diff --git a/published/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md b/published/202210/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md rename to published/202210/20221013 Learn Bash base64 Encode and Decode With Examples.md diff --git a/published/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md b/published/202210/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md rename to published/202210/20221014 Can Kubernetes help solve automation challenges-.md diff --git a/published/20221014 First Look at LURE! Bringing AUR to All Linux Distros.md b/published/202210/20221014 First Look at LURE! Bringing AUR to All Linux Distros.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221014 First Look at LURE! Bringing AUR to All Linux Distros.md rename to published/202210/20221014 First Look at LURE! Bringing AUR to All Linux Distros.md diff --git a/published/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md b/published/202210/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md rename to published/202210/20221014 Install Gedit on Ubuntu 22.10 and Make it Default Text Editor.md diff --git a/published/20221014 Notion-like Markdown Note-Taking App -Obsidian- is Out of Beta.md b/published/202210/20221014 Notion-like Markdown Note-Taking App -Obsidian- is Out of Beta.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221014 Notion-like Markdown Note-Taking App -Obsidian- is Out of Beta.md rename to published/202210/20221014 Notion-like Markdown Note-Taking App -Obsidian- is Out of Beta.md diff --git a/published/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md b/published/202210/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md rename to published/202210/20221017.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu but rolling but also stable That's what Rhino Linux aims to be.md diff --git a/published/20221017.3 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Open source DevOps tools in a platform future.md b/published/202210/20221017.3 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Open source DevOps tools in a platform future.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221017.3 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Open source DevOps tools in a platform future.md rename to published/202210/20221017.3 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Open source DevOps tools in a platform future.md diff --git a/published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md b/published/202210/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md rename to published/202210/20221018.4 ⭐️⭐️ Give Your Linux Desktop a Halloween Makeover.md diff --git a/published/20221019.0 ⭐️ GitHub Copilot Appears To Be In Violation Of The Open Source Licence.md b/published/202210/20221019.0 ⭐️ GitHub Copilot Appears To Be In Violation Of The Open Source Licence.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221019.0 ⭐️ GitHub Copilot Appears To Be In Violation Of The Open Source Licence.md rename to published/202210/20221019.0 ⭐️ GitHub Copilot Appears To Be In Violation Of The Open Source Licence.md diff --git a/published/20221020.1 ⭐️ Kubuntu 22.10 is Now Available!.md b/published/202210/20221020.1 ⭐️ Kubuntu 22.10 is Now Available!.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221020.1 ⭐️ Kubuntu 22.10 is Now Available!.md rename to published/202210/20221020.1 ⭐️ Kubuntu 22.10 is Now Available!.md diff --git a/published/20221020.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu MATE 22.10 Release Has Some Interesting Upgrades!.md b/published/202210/20221020.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu MATE 22.10 Release Has Some Interesting Upgrades!.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221020.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu MATE 22.10 Release Has Some Interesting Upgrades!.md rename to published/202210/20221020.2 ⭐️ Ubuntu MATE 22.10 Release Has Some Interesting Upgrades!.md diff --git a/published/20221020.3 ⭐️ Ubuntu Budgie 22.10 Release Improves Control Center and Removes Some GNOME Apps.md b/published/202210/20221020.3 ⭐️ Ubuntu Budgie 22.10 Release Improves Control Center and Removes Some GNOME Apps.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221020.3 ⭐️ Ubuntu Budgie 22.10 Release Improves Control Center and Removes Some GNOME Apps.md rename to published/202210/20221020.3 ⭐️ Ubuntu Budgie 22.10 Release Improves Control Center and Removes Some GNOME Apps.md diff --git a/published/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md b/published/202210/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md rename to published/202210/20221020.4 ⭐️ Xubuntu 22.10 Releases With Xfce Upgrades, and Other Refinements.md diff --git a/published/20221020.5 ⭐️ Ubuntu 22.10 Is Here!.md b/published/202210/20221020.5 ⭐️ Ubuntu 22.10 Is Here!.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221020.5 ⭐️ Ubuntu 22.10 Is Here!.md rename to published/202210/20221020.5 ⭐️ Ubuntu 22.10 Is Here!.md diff --git a/published/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md b/published/202210/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md rename to published/202210/20221021.2 ⭐️⭐️ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.10 [With Bonus Tip].md diff --git a/published/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md b/published/202210/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md rename to published/202210/20221022.1 ⭐️ How to Install Python 3.10 in Ubuntu and Other Related Linux.md From ccc01dd9d4da4e876ca8817ff1bde4b149af4a31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 00:48:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 72/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ta?= =?UTF-8?q?lk]:=2020221031.0=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=2020=20technology=20horror=20stories=20about?= =?UTF-8?q?=20learning=20the=20hard=20way.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...chnology horror stories about learning the hard way.md | 262 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 262 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20221031.0 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ 20 technology horror stories about learning the hard way.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20221031.0 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ 20 technology horror stories about learning the hard way.md b/sources/talk/20221031.0 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ 20 technology horror stories about learning the hard way.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6902cdd07b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20221031.0 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ 20 technology horror stories about learning the hard way.md @@ -0,0 +1,262 @@ +[#]: subject: "20 technology horror stories about learning the hard way" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/technology-horror-stories" +[#]: author: "AmyJune Hineline https://opensource.com/users/amyjune" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +20 technology horror stories about learning the hard way +====== + +Sysadmins, web designers, engineers, and programmers share their scariest experiences on the command line. + +Halloween will be here before you know it! This fun, over-the-top holiday is a great time to ponder the mortal fears of the developer in each of us. What haunts you the most, in the quiet moments just before your code starts to run? + +Getting into the spirit of Halloween, I asked some Opensource.com writers: What's the scariest code you've seen or written? + +### Bad permissions + +I was responsible for a server, and I FTP'd something up. There were some funky things displaying, so I thought some permissions needed to be changed. + +Needless to say, I foolishly turned off read mode and took down the site. (A website is not much good when nobody can access it.) + +It took me hours to fix. This was at an agency years ago when I was the sole web developer. + +—[Miriam Goldman][1] + +### Shambling HTML + +I took down a client's website, who was an author on the Wall Street Journal bestseller list at the time, because the original WordPress default theme had an update available. + +His developer had hardcoded HTML into the theme instead of creating a child theme. I ran the update. + +This was in the days when folks didn't have nightly backups easily, so I spent hours on the phone with the hosting provider. Things like staging, child themes, nightly backups, or manual backups, are all now normal things, as well as the ability to auto-update and manually roll back. Not so in that era. + +—[Courtney Robertson][2] + +### Not-so-secret key + +I think many of us have seen a secret key in public code before. Or another favorite: A friend of mine sending emails to 100,000 users from the dev server. + +—[John E. Picozzi][3] + +### Unix mix-up + +This is a Unix story. It's fixed in [Linux][4] today. + +A day before I was going to give an important demo of a new component to management, I had to refresh my code (this was way before [Git][5] existed.) I went to my home directory, found the project directory, and deleted everything. Unfortunately, in that flavor of Unix, this command followed symbolic links, and I had a link to the latest version of the code (not all was on the source code system as it was still in the testing phase). + +A day later, there was a network problem in the building, so the demo was delayed for a day, and we managed to recover. It was more than three decades ago. Even now I have no clue whether the network problem was a coincidence or an attempt of our sysadmin to save us (if so, it worked!) + +—[Josh Salomon][6] + +### Imperative + +Seeing `!important;` all over a CSS file instead of proper use of specificity. + +I once had to override and customize almost all of a WordPress theme's CSS because the owner of the site wouldn't budge on getting a new theme that was closer to the design he wanted. + +That same theme was last updated by the developer in 2018, and the website is still using it. + +—[Christi Nickerson][7] + +### Misquoted + +In a previous role, my predecessor misquoted the lyrics to Journey's "Any Way You Want It" in a code comment. + +—[Ben Cotton][8] + +### The ghost of Algol68 + +Algol68's complexity, back in the late 1960s and early 1970s, frightened away many influential people, including Niklaus Wirth. The most common complaint I can recall back then was along the lines of "who could write a compiler for such a complicated beast?" And yet many people did. Moreover, many of the concepts developed or at least formalized as [Algol68][9] appeared in later languages, notably in C and the Bourne shell (thanks to Steve Bourne). + +Some of Algol68's concepts have not aged well. The concept of I/O dealing with "books" and "chapters," and so on, is a bit weird today. Leaving things like character sets to the implementation seems pretty old-fashioned. + +But some are, or should be, tremendously relevant today, such as expressions that yield a value, strong typing (types in Algol68 are called "modes"), [heap memory and garbage collection][10], definition and overloading of operators, and more. + +Sticking with the Hallowe'en theme, both tricks and treats. + +Algol68 is a language that merits study, if for no other reason than to see where so many of modern computing's ideas came from, and to see how many have been lost along the way. + +—[Chris Hermansen][11] + +### Passwords exposed + +I was doing a tech audit for an incoming support client, and the previous developer put passwords in plain text throughout the full theme, and used horrible ways to connect to a remote database. Their composer file was also ghoulishly bloated. It took five minutes every time I tried to get the site up and running locally. Outdated dependencies, repos I could not access, the list goes on. + +—[Miriam Goldman][1] + +### The maze + +The scariest code I ever saw was a piece of PDP-11 assembly language in the kernel of an operating system named RSTS, which nobody remembers today. Source code was on microfiche in those days, and I had followed this code path through a few twists and turns, trying to figure out what was going on. And then, I ran into this instruction: + +``` +MOV R5,PC +``` + +I threw up my hands and wailed. I really did wail. People in the office thought I'd hit my head, or had a heart attack. + +In those days, memory was precious and a `MOV` instruction used a teeny tiny bit less memory than a `BR` (for "branch") instruction. Copying the contents of register 5 into the program counter was really a cheap unconditional branch to the address stored in register 5. Except, I had no clue what was stored in register 5, or how to find it. + +To this day, almost 40 years later, I wonder who would write code like that and how anyone could debug it. + +—[Greg Scott][12] + +### Off by one + +I work in the automation industry, where the PLCs are programmed in some pretty weird languages. + +An example that haunts me is the fact that in the language [ST][13], you can define arrays to begin at index 1. It means that the first element is at position 1, not 0. It drives me nuts when I see it. + +—[Stephan Avenwedde][14] + +### Divergence + +I took a MongoDB instance down for 40 minutes once during a stage-to-prod launch. Our staging environment had diverged from production. It was just a database configuration difference—not very exciting. But it's a good lesson to make sure your staging and prod environments are in sync! + +—[Em Nouveau][15] + +### Unearthly whispers + +This is from a project that's still alive and kicking, but I've changed the code to hide the source. + +``` +for(int c =0; y < yyy && c < ccc; y++, c++){// some code here} +``` + +It seems like an innocent loop at first. But maybe you're asking why there are two variables with two stop conditions and two increments. And then you realize there's only one initializer and the second variable (`y`) is initialized before this loop in a different code block. + +When I realized this, it took me about an hour to understand why the code was written in this way, and how it's supposed to work. Obviously, there were no `c` comments and the variable names are meaningless (`c` is called `c` in the code and `y` has a bit more meaningful name, but not meaningful enough to explain to me its meaning, not even today when I understand what it does). + +—[Josh Salomon][6] + +### Critical data + +Around 1980, I got my first job after college. I was the Assistant Computing Center Director at an engineering college in Indiana. That's a fancy title for the second-in-command of a two-person IT shop. I handled administrative computing on a PDP-11/40, with RK05 removable "pizza platter" disk drives (2.5 MB each.) Each admin office had one drive, and part of my job was to back them up, disk to disk, every week. But I got busy over that summer and skipped the Registrar's Office four weeks in a row. And then I realized the risk, so I made sure to start my monthly disk-to-tape backup. + +I dismounted the Registrar's pizza platter from the 11/40 and mounted it on the 11/70, which had a 9-track tape drive, and started my backup. A few minutes later, I heard a scraping noise inside that disk drive. Yep, the heads crashed. In a few short minutes, I'd destroyed all the Registrar's data, and the then-most-recent backup, which was a four-week-old 9 track tape. + +It was a, well, uncomfortable moment when I had to look the Registrar department head in the eye and tell him I had destroyed all his data. + +Today, I tell new IT people you're not a pro until you've destroyed somebody's critical data, and there's no way to recover it. Remember that feeling in the pit of your stomach forever. + +—[Greg Scott][12] + +### Angry mob + +A client hacked WordPress core to add features that later came out in a routine update and couldn't understand why the site kept crashing every time they attempted to update LearnDash. (They also didn't like our report that called out their poor development practices.) They basically showed us the door calling us liars and incompetents. To this day, I still have delegate access to their domains and wp-admin access to production and development of two domains. + +They also, despite us sharing a link to an encrypted location for sharing access credentials, sent our logins over emails. + +—[Laura Byrne][16] + +### Don't forget to backup + +I've not worked much on corporate networks, so I haven't downed any servers. However, as I young person, I tried to help a person with an IT problem and somehow caused Windows 95 to crash, and had to reinstall it for free. + +Another of my saddest moments as a very young Amiga user was when my save disk, containing all my files, broke due to some mechanical failure. Nowadays, I've gotten better at backing up more of my important personal files. + +—[Rikard Grossman-Nielsen][17] + +### Root of all evil + +I was new to Linux, and I'd just come from DOS where I used Norton Commander. Then Midnight Commander got released and I was very happy about it. It wasn't packaged for the Linux distro I used at the time (Jurix), so I compiled it myself from source, just like other software I used at that time. It worked perfectly well, and suddenly I felt more at home on Linux. + +That's not the horror story. + +My colleagues told me not to run Midnight Commander as root, regardless of how comforting it was. But root was easy, and it felt more like DOS, so I ignored their advice. Long story short: I accidentally removed the content of the entire `/etc` directory. Until that time, I'd never had to use backups, but that day I learned that backups are actually useful. + +27 years later, I still remember this story, and I do regular backups. + +—[Peter Czanik][18] + +### Illusion + +The worst project one agency had me "make" was a one-pager that seemed straightforward at first. I said I'd be able to hash it together with some HTML and CSS, maybe a little Javascript. But they specifically asked me not to do that. They wanted me to cut out the design and literally use CSS to position those pieces around the page. They also had me add all CSS inline, directly into the HTML file, because they literally wanted **one page**. + +None of the text was real text. + +There were no real HTML elements aside from the ones needed to position those images. + +I told them that the design was simple enough that I could throw it together with actual code, but they didn't want that. They only wanted me to spend the time to cobble the pieces together and then move on to a different project. They had me make two little one-page sites like that. + +It hurt my front-end soul. It was physically painful for me to do that project. It was a temp-to-perm gig, and when they offered me full-time, I politely declined. + +—[Rachel Vasquez][19] + +### Corruption + +The scariest things to me are memory corruptions that can occur in ANSI C99. During a screencast, I captured this (not quite) paranormal occurrence in this [YouTube clip][20]. + +![Image of gseqencer before memory corruption.][21] + +The GtkEntry labeled `file` shows some random glyphs. I've double checked the [code][22], but didn't find any issues. + +The `ags_export_soundcard_open_response_callback()` function is a callback to the "response" event of GtkFileChooserDialog. (For the record, the tool to target this problem is [valgrind][23].) + +![Image of gsequencer after memory corruption.][24] + +—[Joël Krähemann][25] + +### Python fears + +The most horrific programming feature I ever saw is the access Python gives to its `dict`. Changing the type of an object at runtime is against my programming code of conduct. + +—[Josh Salomon][6] + +### Franken-net + +In 2006, I built firewalls based on Fedora and a bunch of scripting, and persuaded a customer with a large website inside a colo center to replace a proprietary firewall with one of mine. I built it and showed up to install it at 4AM one morning. That was when I learned (the hard way) that he had a load balancer behind his firewall, but with a public IP address. The customer endured a 5-minute outage, but I reconnected everything to the original, and it all came back online. + +I found a way to handle his franken-net configuration by using proxy ARP. The idea was whenever anyone from the outside world did an ARP request for the load balancer, I would answer. A few days later, I showed up at 4AM again and installed my system. This time, I knocked everything in the entire colo center offline. I had set up my proxy ARP to respond to everything, and so all traffic on the LAN eventually found me and disappeared into a black hole. + +Once I realized what I'd done, I put it all back the way it was. But the damage was done. If you tried to browse your favorite website around 4AM US Central time one morning in 2006 and it didn't respond, it might have been my fault. I knocked an entire colo site offline by installing one system in a rack and turning it on. + +The website operator screamed and I slunk out the door. They never invited me back to try again. That was a shame, because bridging probably would have worked. + +—[Greg Scott][12] + +### Your horror story + +What's your favorite technology-related horror story? Tell us in the comments (but be nice, and change project names to protect the innocent!) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/technology-horror-stories + +作者：[AmyJune Hineline][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/amyjune +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/users/miriamgoldman +[2]: https://opensource.com/users/courtneyrdev +[3]: https://opensource.com/users/johnpicozzi +[4]: https://opensource.com/tags/linux +[5]: https://opensource.com/downloads/cheat-sheet-git +[6]: https://opensource.com/users/joshs +[7]: http://cnickerson.com +[8]: https://opensource.com/users/bcotton +[9]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/learn-algol-68 +[10]: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/garbage-collection-java-virtual-machine +[11]: https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen +[12]: https://opensource.com/users/greg-scott +[13]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_text +[14]: https://opensource.com/users/hansic99 +[15]: https://opensource.com/users/nouveau +[16]: http://twitter.com/@NewYorkerLaura +[17]: https://opensource.com/users/rikardgn +[18]: https://opensource.com/users/czanik +[19]: https://opensource.com/users/rachievee +[20]: https://youtu.be/Go6r-CT06zc?t=103 +[21]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/gsequencer-before-memory-corruption.png +[22]: https://git.savannah.nongnu.org/cgit/gsequencer.git/tree/ags/app/ags_export_soundcard_callbacks.c?h=4.4.x#n397 +[23]: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/memory-programming-c +[24]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/scarygsequencer-after-memory-corruption.png +[25]: https://opensource.com/users/joel2001k From 21bcedc9de166a4c97f5722bd9c7ce5529e4c704 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 00:50:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 73/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221031.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=2010=20universal=20steps=20for=20open=20sour?= =?UTF-8?q?ce=20code=20review.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...️ 10 universal steps for open source code review.md | 134 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 134 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221031.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ 10 universal steps for open source code review.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221031.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ 10 universal steps for open source code review.md b/sources/tech/20221031.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ 10 universal steps for open source code review.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f432506bf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221031.1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ 10 universal steps for open source code review.md @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +[#]: subject: "10 universal steps for open source code review" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/10/code-review" +[#]: author: "Martin Kopec https://opensource.com/users/martin-kopec" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +10 universal steps for open source code review +====== + +Code review doesn't have to be scary when you follow this universal process. + +Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you needed to do a code review but didn't fully understand the project? Maybe you did not review it to avoid looking like you didn't know what you were doing. + +This article assures you that there's a better way. You don't need to know everything to provide a code review. In fact, based on my experience, that's quite common. + +I remember when I joined Red Hat as an intern and was asked to help with code reviews. We used a system of +1 or -1 votes, and I was initially very hesitant to weigh in. I found myself asking whether when I gave a +1 on a change but then someone else voted -1, would I look foolish? + +What does happen if someone votes -1 on a change you've vote +1? The answer is nothing! You might have missed a detail that the other person noticed. It's not the end of the world. That's why we have this voting system. Like the rest of open source, merging code is a collaborative effort. + +Lately, I've been so inundated with code reviews that I can hardly keep up with them. I also noticed that the number of contributors doing these reviews steadily decreased. + +For this reason, I'm writing about my point of view on writing a code review. In this article, I'll share some helpful tips and tricks. I'll show you a few questions you should ask yourself and a few ideas of what to look for when doing a code review. + +### What is the purpose of a code review? + +Have you ever written a really simple patch? Something you think is so trivial that it doesn't require a review? Maybe you merged it straight away. Later, it turns out there was a mistake, something obvious or silly, like the wrong indentation or a few duplicated lines of code instead of a function call (yes, I'm speaking from experience!). + +A code review by someone else would have caught these things. + +The point of a code review is to bring a fresh pair of eyes with a new perspective on the problem you're trying to solve. That new context is exactly the reason a code review is crucial. + +You may think that you must be an expert in the language to review someone else's code, the project, or both. Here's a secret all code reviewers want you to know: That's wrong! You don't need to fully understand the project or the language to provide a fresh perspective on a change. There's a universal process of code review. + +### The universal process of a code review + +Here's my process for code review, grouped into a couple of points. The process provides questions I ask myself to help me focus on a code change and its consequences. You don't need to go in this specific order. If there's a step, you can't execute for any reason, just move to another step. + +### 1. Understand the change, what it's trying to solve, and why + +The explanation of why the change is needed and any relevant context should be in the commit message. If it isn't, request it and feel free to -1 until it's provided. + +Is it something that needs to be solved? Is it something the project should focus on, or is it completely out of scope? + +### 2. How would you implement the solution? Would it be different? + +At this point, you know what the code change is about. How would you have done it? Think about this before reviewing the change in detail. If the solution you have in mind is different from the one you're reviewing, and you think it's better, bring that up in the review. You don't need to -1 it; just ask why the author didn't go in this direction and see how the discussion evolves. + +### 3. Run the code with and without the change + +I usually put a few breakpoints into the code, run it, and inspect how the new code interacts with the rest. + +If you can't run the whole code, try to copy the function containing the new code to a new local file, simulate the input data, and run that. This is helpful when you either don't know how to run the whole project or when it requires a specific environment to which you don't have access. + +### 4. Can the new code break anything? + +I mean, really anything. Think about the consequences. + +In the case of a new command-line option, will it always be accepted by the target? + +Can a situation occur when the option wouldn't be accepted or when it could conflict with something? + +Maybe it's a new import. Is the new library, and possibly a new dependency, available in the older releases or systems you ship the project for? + +What about security? Is the new dependency safe to use? The least you can do is run a quick Internet search to find out. Also, look for warnings in the console log. Sometimes there are more secure methods within the same library. + +### 5. Is the code effective? + +You've determined that the proposed solution is probably correct. Now it's time to check the code itself, its effectiveness, and its necessity. + +Check the style of the new code. Does it match the style of the project? Any open source project has (or should have) a document informing (new) contributors about the styles and good practices the project follows. + +For instance, every project in the OpenStack community has a HACKING.rst file. There's often also [a guide for new contributors][1] with all the must-know information. + +### 6. Check that all new variables and imports are used + +Often, there have been many iterations of the code you're reviewing, and sometimes the final version is very different from when it started. It's easy to forget an import or a new variable that was needed in a former version of the new code. Automation usually checks these things using linting tools like [flake8][2] in the case of Python code. + +Can you rewrite the code without declaring new variables? Well, usually, yes, but the question is whether it's better that way. Does it bring any benefit? The goal isn't to create as many one-liners as possible. The goal is to write code that is both efficient and easy to read. + +### 7. Are the new functions or methods necessary? + +Is there a similar function that can be reused somewhere in the project? It's always worth helping to avoid reinventing the wheel and re-implementing logic that's already been defined. + +### 8. Are there unit tests? + +If the patch adds a new function or new logic in a function, it should also include new unit tests for that. It's always better when the author of a new function also writes unit tests for it. + +### 9. Verify refactoring + +If the commit refactors existing code (it renames a variable, changes variable scope, changes the footprint of a function by adding or removing arguments, or removes something), ask yourself: + +- Can this be removed? Will it affect the stable branch? +- Are all the occurrences deleted? + +You can use the [grep command][3] to find out. You wouldn't believe how many times I've voted -1 just because of this. This is a simple mistake that anyone can make, but that also means anyone can uncover it. + +The owner of the commit can easily overlook these things, which is totally understandable. It's happened to me many times too. I'd finally figured out the root of the problem I'd been fixing, so I was in a rush to propose the review, and then I forgot to check the whole repo. + +Apart from the project's repository, sometimes it's also necessary to check other code consumers. If some other project imports this one, they may need refactoring, too. In the OpenStack community, we have a tool that searches across every community project. + +### 10. Does project documentation need to be modified? + +Again, you can use the [grep command][4] to check whether the project documentation mentions anything related to the code change. Apply common sense to determine whether a change needs to be documented for end users or it's just an internal change that doesn't affect user experience. + +### Bonus tip: Be considerate + +Be considerate, precise, and descriptive if you make a suggestion or comment on something after you've reviewed the new code. Ask questions if you don't understand something. If you think the code is wrong, explain why you think so. Remember, the author can't fix it if they don't know what's broken. + +### Final words + +The only bad review is no review. By reviewing and voting, you provide your point of view and vote only for that. Nobody expects you to give the final yes or no (unless you're a core maintainer!), but the voting system allows you to provide your perspective and opinion. A patch owner will be glad you did it, trust me. + +Can you think of any other steps for a good review? Do you have any special technique different from mine? Let us all know in the comments! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/code-review + +作者：[Martin Kopec][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/martin-kopec +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://docs.openstack.org/tempest/latest/contributor/contributing.html +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/python-flake8 +[3]: https://opensource.com/downloads/grep-cheat-sheet +[4]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/how-to-use-grep From 31cc767d8585392abaef93affaffb507c9dd5652 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 00:51:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 74/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221031.2=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20How=20to=20View=20AVIF?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Images=20in=20Ubuntu=20and=20Other=20Linux=20Distributions.m?= =?UTF-8?q?d?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ges in Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md | 90 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 90 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221031.2 ⭐️ How to View AVIF Images in Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221031.2 ⭐️ How to View AVIF Images in Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md b/sources/tech/20221031.2 ⭐️ How to View AVIF Images in Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c046a8533 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221031.2 ⭐️ How to View AVIF Images in Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to View AVIF Images in Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/view-avif-images-linux/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to View AVIF Images in Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions +====== + +PNGs are the best when it comes to quality but they are huge in size and hence not ideal for websites. + +JPEGs reduce the file size but they reduce the quality of the images significantly. + +WebP is a relatively newer format that produces better-quality images with significantly smaller sizes. + +Now, [AVIF][1] is a new file format that compresses images without sacrificing quality. They are smaller than WebP for the same image quality. + +[Linux has started providing WebP support][2] recently. However, AVIF image format is not yet supported by default in many distributions. + +If you download an image in AVIF format from the web, it won’t display the thumbnail. + +![avif image no thumbnail][3] + +And if you try to open it with the default image viewer, it is likely to show ‘unrecognized image file format’ error. + +![avif images dont open linux][4] + +So, what’s the solution? Can you not view AVIF images on Linux at all? + +Nope, that’s not the case. There is always a workaround when it comes to Linux. + +### Viewing AVIF image files in Linux + +There is a handy [image viewer][5] called gThumb that can be used for opening AVIF images on Linux. + +It should be available in the repositories of most Linux distributions, if not all. + +On Ubuntu and Debian-based distributions, use the following command to install gThumb. + +``` +sudo apt install gthumb +``` + +![install gthumb ubuntu][6] + +Once installed, select an AVIF image, right-click on it and select “Open With” option. Here, select gThumb, make it default for AVIF images and open it. + +![make gthumb default for avif][7] + +gThumb shows all the images from the same folder in thumbnail format under the opened image. + +![avif image opened with gthumb in linux][8] + +Once you open AVIF images with gThumb, they should also be displayed with thumbnails. + +![avif image thumbnail][9] + +That’s it. You can now enjoy AVIF images on your Linux desktop. + +### Conclusion + +gThumb is an extremely versatile and capable application. It makes me wonder why it is not used as the default image viewer in GNOME or other desktop environments and distributions. + +And about default AVIF support in Linux, sooner or later it will be added. For now, gThumb does the job. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/view-avif-images-linux/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/webp-ubuntu-linux/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/avif-image-no-thumbnail.png +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/avif-images-dont-open-linux.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/image-viewers-linux/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/install-gthumb-ubuntu.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/make-gthumb-default-for-avif.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/avif-image-opened-with-gthumb-in-linux.webp +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/avif-image-thumbnail.png From 03047c7b30c8ea9c2bed80c5e548c129a4f781fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 00:51:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 75/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020221031.3=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=205=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Best=20Mastodon=20Clients=20for=20Ubuntu=20and=20Other=20Linux.?= =?UTF-8?q?md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...est Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md | 168 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 168 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221031.3 ⭐️⭐️ 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221031.3 ⭐️⭐️ 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221031.3 ⭐️⭐️ 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e6167e0765 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221031.3 ⭐️⭐️ 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +[#]: subject: "5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/mastodon-clients-linux/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux +====== + +**Are you planning to leave Twitter and join Mastodon? Use these free and open-source Mastodon clients for your Linux desktop.** + +[Mastodon][1] is a free and open-source microblogging platform similar to Twitter. It is designed as a decentralised platform that can communicate with other Fediverse protocols such as GNU Social and Pleroma. With the recent news stories about Twitter, many users are trying Mastodon and migrating to the platform. + +With that in mind, we give you a list of free Mastodon clients for Linux desktops as well as Windows and macOS in this post. + +### Top 5 Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions + +#### 1. Tootle + +Perhaps the best on this list is the GNOME App Tootle. Tootle is a super-fast Mastodon client for Linux desktops written in GTK. It comes with a clean and native interface that you can use while using Mastodon. With this app, you can easily browse posts, view feeds, have a customised home page and follow accounts. In addition to that, dedicated tabs gives you options to quickly jump between your home page, notifications, mentions and federated feed. + +Tootle is actively developed, and it is an official GNOME Circle app. And we featured it in our [GNOME Apps series (#5)][2]. + +![Tootle Mastodon Client for Linux][3] + +Tootle + +The easiest way to install Tootle is using Flatpak in any Linux distribution. Setup your system using this [guide for Flatpa][4]k (if not done yet) and hit the below link to install. + +[Install Tootle][5] + +**More information about Tootle** + +- [Source Code][6] +- [Home page][7] + +#### 2. Tokodon + +The Tokodon is another Mastodon client which brings a little different user interface to access this social platform. Its part of KDE Applications and built primarily using C++. It gives you an excellent clean user interface with a basic home page view. On top of that, you can browse local accounts to your mastodon server and the global ones. The bottom navigation gives easy access to all the Mastodon sections. + +![Tokodon Mastodon Client for Linux][8] + +Tokodon Mastodon Client for Linux + +The easiest way to install Tokodon is using Flatpak in any Linux distribution. Setup your system using this [guide for Flatpa][4]k (if not done yet) and hit the below link to install. + +[Install Tokodon via Flathub][9] + +**More information about****Tokodon** + +- [Source code][10] +- [Home page][11] + +#### 3. Sengi + +Among this list, Sengi is most likely the versatile Mastodon client for Linux desktops. It comes with usual features such as notification, account view and follows features. On top of that, it brings Tweetdeck styled live interface with the timeline. + +Sengi is perfect for heavy Mastodon users who want to manage multiple accounts and timelines. You can even set up and Twitter bridge as well. + +Furthermore, you should note that it is designed with web technology and packaged as desktop applications. Finally, it is available for Linux, macOS and Windows as well. + +![Sengi Mastodon Client][12] + +Sengi Mastodon Client | Image Credit: Sengi + +Finally, installing Sengi is very easy because the developer provides all types of executables, including native deb and AppImage. You can grab the .deb or .appimage file from the below link in addition to the windows and Mac executables. + +[Download Sengi][13] + +**More information about Sengi** + +- [Source code][14] + +#### 4. Whalebird + +Whalebird is another free and open-source Mastodon client built using Electron. Moreover, this web-based application is feature-rich and is the most stable Mastodon client. Using Whalebird, you can manage multiple accounts and monitor multiple timelines. In addition to that, you can also create a custom timeline to follow your favourite hashtags with a simple chronological workspace view. + +![Whalebird Mastodon Client][15] + +Whalebird Mastodon Client | Image Credit: Whalebird + +Finally, installing Whalebird is easy because it comes with an AppImage executable for Linux. Also, it provides the exe and dmg file for other OSes, which you can grab using the below link. + +[Download Whalebird][16] + +**More information about Whalebird** + +- [Source code][17] + +#### 5. TheDesk + +The fifth Mastodon client for Linux and other OSes we would like to feature is TheDesk. It is perhaps the most feature-rich client with a vast list of features. Its workflow is similar to Hootsuite and Tweetdeck for heavy social media monitoring and usage. You can customise it to follow a particular user, hashtags with options to create multiple timeline views. + +But it might not be a stable client and may contain bugs. But you can still try it out. + +Installing is made easy by its developer with app image, deb, snap and exe files available on GitHub for its releases. You can grab them here. + +[Download TheDesk][18] + +**More information about TheDesk** + +- [Source code][19] +- [Home page][20] + +### Other Options to access Mastodon + +#### Mastodon Web + +If you are reluctant to install another app, you can use the web version of your choice or favourite pod. You can register for a new account using the below link and connect via the web. + +[https://joinmastodon.org/][1] + +#### Tusky + +Finally, if you are an Android mobile phone user, you can try Tusky. It is a fine and superfast Mastodon client available for Android with many features. You can [download it from Google Play Store here][21]. You can also [get the F-Droid version][22] of this app for Linux Phones. + +#### Apple iPhone & iPad + +If you are iPhone or iPad user, you can get the official Mastodon client (developed by Mastodon) [from here][23]. It should work for MacBook as well. + +### Closing Notes + +Wrapping up the list of Mastodon clients for Linux, I hope you get to choose your favourite for your Linux distribution or mobile from the above list. Also, you can always use the Mastodon web for easy access. + +**Finally, don’t forget to follow us on our official Mastodon page using the link below.** + +- [Mastodon][24] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/mastodon-clients-linux/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://joinmastodon.org/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tootle.jpg +[4]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[5]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle.flatpakref +[6]: https://github.com/bleakgrey/tootle +[7]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle/ +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Tokodon-Mastodon-Client-for-Linux.jpg +[9]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.kde.tokodon.flatpakref +[10]: https://invent.kde.org/network/tokodon +[11]: https://apps.kde.org/tokodon/ +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Sengi-Mastodon-Client.jpg +[13]: https://github.com/NicolasConstant/sengi/releases +[14]: https://nicolasconstant.github.io/sengi/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Whalebird-Mastodon-Client.jpg +[16]: https://github.com/h3poteto/whalebird-desktop/releases +[17]: https://github.com/h3poteto/whalebird-desktop +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com +[19]: https://github.com/cutls/TheDesk +[20]: https://thedesk.top/en/ +[21]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.keylesspalace.tusky&hl=en_IN&gl=US +[22]: https://tusky.app/ +[23]: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/mastodon-for-iphone-and-ipad/id1571998974 +[24]: https://floss.social/@debugpoint From bad31dd3ccd1b3fc521d845784ea995ebba4038c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 00:54:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 76/76] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020221031.4=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Portmaster=201.0=20Rel?= =?UTF-8?q?ease=20Marks=20it=20as=20a=20Solid=20Open-Source=20Application?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Firewall=20for=20Privacy-Focused=20Users.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...lication Firewall for Privacy-Focused Users.md | 123 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 123 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20221031.4 ⭐️ Portmaster 1.0 Release Marks it as a Solid Open-Source Application Firewall for Privacy-Focused Users.md diff --git a/sources/news/20221031.4 ⭐️ Portmaster 1.0 Release Marks it as a Solid Open-Source Application Firewall for Privacy-Focused Users.md b/sources/news/20221031.4 ⭐️ Portmaster 1.0 Release Marks it as a Solid Open-Source Application Firewall for Privacy-Focused Users.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf0854927f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221031.4 ⭐️ Portmaster 1.0 Release Marks it as a Solid Open-Source Application Firewall for Privacy-Focused Users.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +[#]: subject: "Portmaster 1.0 Release Marks it as a Solid Open-Source Application Firewall for Privacy-Focused Users" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/portmaster-1-release/" +[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Portmaster 1.0 Release Marks it as a Solid Open-Source Application Firewall for Privacy-Focused Users +====== + +Portmaster is an all-in-one open-source privacy tool that you probably need. Give it a try! + +![Portmaster 1.0 Release Marks it as a Solid Open-Source Application Firewall for Privacy-Focused Users][1] + +Portmaster by [Safing][2] is a free and open-source application firewall that aims to automate the process of protecting the privacy of its users. + +**It allows you to monitor network activity, add custom connection rules for applications, and more.** + +We tested it during the alpha stage, and came to the conclusion that it had good potential to act as a viable alternative to [GlassWire][3]. Of course, it may not be a replacement, but it can be one in the near future: + +With the release of Portmaster 1.0, we can recommend everyone to give it a try. + +> 💡Portmaster 1.0 is a stable release suitable for every user. + +### 🆕 Portmaster 1.0: What's New? + +![portmaster 1.0][4] + +Considering this is Portmaster's first stable release, there could be room for improvement. + +However, some of the features that it brings with it include: + +- **Easy navigation to monitor app network connections** +- **Secure DNS by default** +- **Automatic blocking of trackers & malware** + +#### Automatic Blocking Of Trackers & Malware + +![portmaster 1.0 filter lists][5] + +Portmaster lets you automatically block various trackers and malware by using well-known filter lists from the likes of [AdAway][6], [abuse.ch][7], [AdGuard][8], and a few of their curated lists. + +#### Side-Dash Menu + +![portmaster 1.0 side dash menu][9] + +The presence of sidebar menu in Portmaster makes things easy, meaning it acts as a quick switcher between apps and settings. + +![portmaster side-dash][10] + +It also shows key information regarding apps that are using the network. + +Additionally, suppose you are using their [paid SPN service][11] (or Portmaster Unlimited). In that case, you can use the Side-Dash to see which countries each app connects to, alongside the number of identities in use. + +![portmaster 1.0 country identity details][12] + +#### Other Features + +![allow or block connections][13] + +In addition to the key highlights, it also gives you some powerful abilities that include: + +- **Choose your favorite DNS-over-TLS provider, like Cloudflare, Quad9, AdGuard, etc., to encrypt DNS requests.** +- **Allow/Block specific websites or applications.** +- **Specify if you do not want your apps to connect to specific countries.** +- **Block all p2p connections.** + +### 📥 Download Portmaster 1.0 + +Portmaster is currently only available for Windows and Linux, with no news on the release of a macOS version. + +They plan to support mobile platforms in the future as well. + +You can visit its official [downloads page][14] to get started for Linux (.deb/.rpm packages) and Windows. + +Explore more about the project on its [GitHub page][15]. + +[Portmaster 1.0][14] + +### 💭 My Thoughts + +Portmaster aims to succeed in a space where GlassWire is a very well-known name. It is easy to use and offers an intuitive experience. + +**But, GlassWire is not open-source and does not have a client for Linux.** + +With further refinements, I think it would be an impressive addition to every privacy-conscious computer user. + +Of course, a free and open-source alternative to any proprietary tool is a good thing, as it enables more users to try it out. + +And, Portmaster is something that helps you monitor your network connections and automate your privacy protections, I think you should take it for a spin! 😊 + +💬 Is Portmaster a good application firewall for your use-case? What do you think about it? + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/portmaster-1-release/ + +作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/portmaster-1-0-release.png +[2]: https://safing.io/ +[3]: https://www.glasswire.com/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/Portmaster_1.0.png +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/Portmaster_1.0_Filter_Lists.png +[6]: https://adaway.org/ +[7]: https://abuse.ch/ +[8]: https://adguard.com/ +[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/Portmaster_1.0_Side_Dash.png +[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/portmaster-1-0-screenshot.png +[11]: https://safing.io/spn/ +[12]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/Portmaster_1.0_Country_Details.png +[13]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/manually-allow-ord-block-connections.png +[14]: https://safing.io/download/ +[15]: https://github.com/safing/portmaster/