20160711-2 选题

2024-12-23 21:20:42 +08:00 · 2016-07-11 09:37:47 +08:00 · 2016-07-11 09:37:47 +08:00 · f27d684682
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+How To Setup Bridge (br0) Network on Ubuntu Linux 14.04 and 16.04 LTS
+=======================================================================
+
+> am a new Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS user. How do I setup a network bridge on the host server powered by Ubuntu 14.04 LTS or 16.04 LTS operating system?
+
+![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/images/category/old/ubuntu-logo.jpg)
+
+A Bridged networking is nothing but a simple technique to connect to the outside network through the physical interface. It is useful for LXC/KVM/Xen/Containers virtualization and other virtual interfaces. The virtual interfaces appear as regular hosts to the rest of the network. In this tutorial I will explain how to configure a Linux bridge with bridge-utils (brctl) command line utility on Ubuntu server.
+
+### Our sample bridged networking
+
+![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/faq/2016/07/my-br0-br1-setup.jpg)
+>Fig.01: Sample Ubuntu Bridged Networking Setup For Kvm/Xen/LXC Containers (br0)
+
+In this example eth0 and eth1 is the physical network interface. eth0 connected to the LAN and eth1 is attached to the upstream ISP router/Internet.
+
+### Install bridge-utils
+
+Type the following [apt-get command][1] to install the bridge-utils:
+
+```
+$ sudo apt-get install bridge-utils
+```
+
+OR
+
+````
+$ sudo apt install bridge-utils
+```
+
+Sample outputs:
+
+![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/faq/2016/07/ubuntu-install-bridge-utils.jpg)
+>Fig.02: Ubuntu Linux install bridge-utils package
+
+### Creating a network bridge on the Ubuntu server
+
+Edit `/etc/network/interfaces` using a text editor such as nano or vi, enter:
+
+```
+$ sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bakup-1-july-2016
+$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
+```
+
+Let us setup eth1 and map it to br1, enter (delete or comment out all eth1 entries):
+
+```
+# br1 setup with static wan IPv4 with ISP router as gateway
+auto br1
+iface br1 inet static
+        address 208.43.222.51
+        network 255.255.255.248
+        netmask 255.255.255.0
+        broadcast 208.43.222.55
+        gateway 208.43.222.49
+        bridge_ports eth1
+        bridge_stp off
+        bridge_fd 0
+        bridge_maxwait 0
+```
+
+To setup eth0 and map it to br0, enter (delete or comment out all eth1 entries):
+
+```
+auto br0
+iface br0 inet static
+        address 10.18.44.26
+        netmask 255.255.255.192
+        broadcast 10.18.44.63
+        dns-nameservers 10.0.80.11 10.0.80.12
+        # set static route for LAN
+	post-up route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 10.18.44.1
+	post-up route add -net 161.26.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 10.18.44.1
+        bridge_ports eth0
+        bridge_stp off
+        bridge_fd 0
+        bridge_maxwait 0
+```
+
+### A note about br0 and DHCP
+
+DHCP config options:
+
+```
+auto br0
+iface br0 inet dhcp
+        bridge_ports eth0
+        bridge_stp off
+        bridge_fd 0
+        bridge_maxwait 0
+```
+
+Save and close the file.
+
+### Restart the server or networking service
+
+You need to reboot the server or type the following command to restart the networking service (this may not work on SSH based session):
+
+```
+$ sudo systemctl restart networking
+```
+
+If you are using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS or older not systemd based system, enter:
+
+```
+$ sudo /etc/init.d/restart networking
+```
+
+### Verify connectivity
+
+Use the ping/ip commands to verify that both LAN and WAN interfaces are reachable:
+```
+# See br0 and br1
+ip a show
+# See routing info
+ip r
+# ping public site
+ping -c 2 cyberciti.biz
+# ping lan server
+ping -c 2 10.0.80.12
+```
+
+Sample outputs:
+
+![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/faq/2016/07/br0-br1-eth0-eth1-configured-on-ubuntu.jpg)
+>Fig.03: Verify Bridging Ethernet Connections
+
+Now, you can configure XEN/KVM/LXC containers to use br0 and br1 to reach directly to the internet or private lan. No need to setup special routing or iptables SNAT rules.
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-create-bridge-interface-ubuntu-linux/
+
+作者：[VIVEK GITE][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://twitter.com/nixcraft
+[1]:　http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html
+