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joeren
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@ -45,11 +45,12 @@
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|
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||||
就是这样简单。现在你就可以图形化地管理和配置你的Ubuntu服务器了。欢呼吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/
|
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|
||||
译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
113
published/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md
Normal file
113
published/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
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为什么不要在Linux上只运行开源软件？
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||||
================================================================================
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> 对于一些产业来讲，在开源的Linux发行版上运行专属（proprietary）软件并不是个例，--相反这很常见。例如，在华尔街，“华尔街上百分之九十九的应用依赖于专属软件。在那些运行在Linux上而有专属许可证的产品中，Oracle是我们非常喜欢的一款”， FSMLabs 的总裁 Victor Yodaiken这样说。
|
||||
|
||||
迁移到Linux平台并不是一个非此即彼的提议。linux作为一个灵活开放的计算平台为用户在软件选择上提供了更多的选项。
|
||||
|
||||
第一个方法是Linux的桌面环境，个人计算用户，小型办公室和企业都可以从众多的企业级Linux发行版中选择。在Windows和被限定在其昂贵硬件的基于unix的苹果OS X之外，Linux桌面系统为用户提供了另外一种零成本或者低成本的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个迁移的办法是，让员工放弃Linux桌面办公，取而代之，企业可以在Linux服务器上运行后台办公系统。在网络应用和云计算领域遍布Linux的足迹，Linux服务器能在各种企业设定中寻找到自己的位置。
|
||||
|
||||
第三个方法是运行一个完整的Linux商店，常用的办公计算、网上浏览、图片编辑工作软件都存放在开源的软件包中。开源的数据库程序连接着后台的软件和服务器，而且Linux不需要特殊的硬件和多余的花销。
|
||||
|
||||
培训员工使用Linux桌面应用仅需要很少的投入。这要感谢职员们对跨平台软件的熟悉，例如LibreOffice 和 Open Office, 当然还有 google Chrome和 Firefox浏览器。先前的办公交流工具真的面临着威胁。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux很灵活。一种新的趋势是编写第三方的特定软件来满足自己的商业需求，商业软件公司可以重新编译打包那些必备的windows或者其他平台的软件。他们也可以结合开源的组件用他们自己特定的代码来编写特定需求的linux应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
Dayan Jeremiah，[Icewarp Pacific][1]的CEO告诉linuxinsider：“我相信这将是一个新的趋势，企业正在使用可以运行在Linux系统上的第三方软件。让企业走向定制化软件的一个因素就是购买微软授权的经济负担太重。”
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux 上运行专属软件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
很多公司转向其他操作系统面临的问题就是软件和应用程序的兼容性问题，比如转向Linux，那么这家企业必须保证它用的软件必须是兼容Linux操作系统的，jeremiah补充道。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux操作系统有着数量巨大的软件，它们运行在数量众多的linux发行版和桌面环境当中。考虑到行业的特殊性，广大的开源团体或许并没有提供替代一个特定计算任务的替代品。这样的情况下，就不得不花费精力寻找第三方软件开发者的帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
“通过第三方厂商帮助来保证兼容性的问题，比如，我们可以混合和匹配各种软件组件在一起，以便让一个应用程序可以运行在Linux上。”jeremiah这样说。
|
||||
|
||||
### 旧貌换新颜 ###
|
||||
|
||||
越来越多的专属软件公司，比如Icewarp，开发特定的软件来满足企业特定的业务需求，他们将许多开源组件混合在一起使用。
|
||||
|
||||
相比在微软框架下，这样不仅节约了授权费用，也节省了开发代码的费用。
|
||||
|
||||
“我们可以使用现成的软件组件为Linux构建完整的软件解决方案，这个方案非常节省，高效而且稳定。”jeremiah补充道。
|
||||
|
||||
Icewarp开发的特定软件并不是免费的开源项目，并不提供免费版本，需要订购并支付费用，而且售后支持也是收费的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 代码移植的混乱 ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Lucera][2]的CEO Jacob Loveless提到，把一个来自其它平台的软件变成Linux兼容的，一个很大的障碍就是Linux的多样性。Linux操作系统有一个通用的内核，但是不同的发行版有很多不同的特点。
|
||||
|
||||
“当软件公司不得不在多个Linux系统中交叉编译时，问题进一步加深。”除了微软的Exchange数据库之外（LCTT译注：此处疑为笔误，可能是“MS SQL Server”），大部分数据库都在linux上运行的很好，MySQL和PostSQL是其中非常出名的两个开源软件（LCTT译注：此处PostSQL应该是Postgresql）。”
|
||||
|
||||
在软件移植到Linux时的最大挑战，是需要重新编译代码，通常你必须要完成一些平台特定的修改才能让它工作，他说。
|
||||
|
||||
比如，你有特定的基于.Net的代码或者其他的针对Windows的语言代码，Linux上开源的编译器并不总是兼容，所以你有很多的软件工作必须重做，loveless解释说。
|
||||
|
||||
另外一个例子就是数据库，你往往不得不改用其他的数据库或者不同的网页服务器。
|
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|
||||
“这确实需要一些工作”loveless说道。
|
||||
|
||||
### 多但不足够 ###
|
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|
||||
另外一个转向Linux的兼容性问题就是公司需要的开源软件类型。
|
||||
|
||||
“对于公司特定的计算需求开源软件方案并不完善”ICeWarp的Jeremiah补充说“但是，通常对于Linux来说都是足够的，开源团体无法做到的特定的应用程序可以由第三方来实现。”
比如说，IceWarp最近完成的一个特定的Linux兼容的应用程序就不需要采购额外的硬件也没产生多余的授权费用。
|
||||
|
||||
这个特定的软件包含一个负载均衡的集群，一个运行数据库的集群，另外一个是IP服务器的集群。所有的都运行在RHEL或者CentOS linux发行版当中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 跟钱走！ ###
|
||||
|
||||
在一些情况下，有钱才有Linux操作系统的应用，有时候Linux服务器在一个领域很流行，又有些时候只是一个特定的Linux桌面应用程序，有时候两者都有。
|
||||
|
||||
举个例子，例如在华尔街，在金融市场中时间同步是关键。金融网络依靠分布式网络，用户必须在截止时间内完成交易。其它的应用需要在交易前进行精确的计时。[FSMLabs][3] 的总裁 Victor Yodaiken 说，这些功能需要精确的时间同步控制。
|
||||
|
||||
当FSMLabs开始开发时间同步软件时，Yodaiken觉得他们只需要开发一个Windows版本。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，事实证明每一个在使用自动交易或者高频交易的人，甚至以高精度采集数据的人，都运行的是Linux系统，他告诉LinuxInsider。
|
||||
|
||||
### 惜时如金 ###
|
||||
|
||||
FSMLabs在Linux上运行他们的专属代码，Linux上的互联网时间协议（NTP）并不适用于同步时间在纳秒级别的应用，比如那些追踪股票变动，或者交易需求。 windows的不足有另一个原因。
|
||||
|
||||
Yodaiken说道：“（在这方面，）Linux比Windows流行是因为windows没有一个标准的API可以让你在毫秒级之下获取时间，所以Window并不是真的都好，你必须得有特定的API才行。而在Linux下。你不需要在你的应用程序上费力了。”
|
||||
|
||||
金融市场是第一个拥抱Linux的，很多早期的系统管理员来自20世纪80年代的[贝尔实验室][4]，因此这是一个很成熟的市场，他补充到。
|
||||
|
||||
### 满足需求 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在某些领域，在开源的Linux发行版上运行有专利的软件并不意外，这是很常见的。
|
||||
|
||||
“华尔街99%的应用都运行在有专利的产品上。在我们在Linux上运行的有专属许可证的产品中，我们很喜欢Oracle。”FSMLab 的 Yodaiken说。
|
||||
|
||||
一些使用Linux的市场需要更多特定的软件，现有的开源软件并不能满足他们，这就是为什么软件开发者们为企业Linux应用提供了商业的解决方案。他补充道。
|
||||
|
||||
“这很平常，开源软件很适合大的市场，这就是为什么他有广泛而且通用的需求，不是很多人需要绝对的微秒级的时间，而且如果没有市场就会发出信号。”他指出。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux纯粹主义是没有意义的 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux上运行完全免费开源的软件的观念是欠缺的，有时候你要运行专属软件。对于任何特定的行业都是这样。
|
||||
|
||||
当一个专业的计算不需要进入广泛市场时，第三方的软件开发者可以提供特定的，商业的或者闭源的软件解决方案。由于商业需求不断进入Linux系统，绝对的开源将成为过去的事情。
|
||||
|
||||
“在Linux上拥有商业软件是相当普遍的”，Yodaiken说，“商人都不是纯粹主义者，他们只想解决问题。”
|
||||
|
||||
Jack M.Genmain从Apple II和PC时代就开始报道电脑科技，他还有原始的IBM PC-Jr和运行DOS的机器。他留着共享软件和开源软件的linux桌面。他运行着好几种版本的Windows和Linux，经常不能决定是用他的tablet还是netbook还是android智能机，而不是用他的桌面电脑或者笔记本。你可以在google+上联系他。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80555.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Jack M. Germain
|
||||
译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.icewarp.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://lucerahq.com
|
||||
[3]:http://www.fsmlabs.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.bell-labs.com/
|
||||
@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
|
||||
虽然，使用浏览器主界面来设置默认浏览器很方便，但是有时，你需要远程来操作。
|
||||
|
||||
要做到这一点，你只需打开终端，然后执行下述命令：
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
|
||||
|
||||
之后输入你想设置为默认浏览器的号码，这样就搞定了！
|
||||
|
||||
截图如下：
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
|
||||
命令行中某天 —— 第六部分
|
||||
命令行星期二——第六部分
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
嘿，伙计们。是的，星期三了。是啊，我们迟了一天。为什么呢？因为[这个超级精彩的公告][1]，它不得不霸占了整个引以为傲的星期二。同时，在将来，如果有来自该项目的重要公告/发行公告，CLT（Command Line Tuesday）系列也将因此推迟。
|
||||
|
||||
不管怎样，让我们继续我们今天的日程吧：输入/输出重定向。
|
||||
|
||||
我们已经用过的大多数命令，都把他们的结果张贴到了终端显示中。然而，我们也可以让这些命令的显示放进一个文件、设备中，或者作为其它命令的输入，一切都在**重定向**。
|
||||
@ -13,7 +11,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
man zypper > man.txt
|
||||
|
||||
这儿我所干的是， 我想要获得zypper的一个帮助页。但是，我想要把它放到一个文本文件中去，因而我可以在我需要他们的时候（例如，在论坛、IRC寻求帮助时）很方便地读取这些结果。所以，这个命令做的是，保存man zypper输出结果到我的家目录中的man.txt，这样你可以看到，我可以用gedit来打开它（点击放大）：
|
||||
这儿我所干的是， 我想要获得zypper的一个帮助页。但是，我想要把它放到一个文本文件中去，因而我可以在我需要他们的时候（例如，在论坛、IRC寻求帮助时）很方便地读取这些结果。所以，这个命令做的是，保存man zypper输出结果到我的家目录中的man.txt，这样你可以看到，我可以用gedit来打开它：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,7 +27,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 管道 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要想把多个命令连接到一起，你可以使用管道。管道说要做的是，将一个命令的标准输出注入到另一个命令的标准输入。肖茨先生的最爱：
|
||||
要想把多个命令连接到一起，你可以使用管道。管道所要做的是，将一个命令的标准输出注入到另一个命令的标准输入。肖茨先生的最爱：
|
||||
|
||||
ls – l | less
|
||||
|
||||
@ -38,13 +36,13 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 过滤器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
过滤器是管道中常用的程序。过滤器获取标准输入，对它进行操作，然后把结果发送到标准输出。它们可以以一种相当强大的方式处理信息。这儿提供了一个程序列表，大多数都是用作过滤器的。对于执行、查询，或者将帮助页重定向到它们，然后再重定向到一个文件！
|
||||
过滤器是管道中常用的程序。过滤器获取标准输入，对它进行操作，然后把结果发送到标准输出。它们可以以一种相当强大的方式处理信息。这儿提供了一个程序列表，大多数都是用作过滤器的。它们可以用于执行、查询，或者将帮助页重定向到它们，然后再重定向到一个文件！
|
||||
|
||||
过滤器：sort, uniq, grep （我们发现这一个东西遍布论坛，因此我建议大家深入研究一下）, fmt, pr, head, tail, tr, sed, awk。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结束 ###
|
||||
|
||||
再次，本周的内容要停了。我们只剩下几个课程来阐述CLI的基本用法了，到成熟期的时候，我希望大家都会对CLI兴趣会增多一点了，也希望大家在萧条期也进行一些探索！而在你们动手干的时候，我希望你们……
|
||||
我们只剩下几个课程来阐述CLI的基本用法了，到成熟期的时候，我希望大家都会对CLI兴趣会增多一点了，也希望大家在萧条期也进行一些探索！而在你们动手干的时候，我希望你们……
|
||||
**玩得不亦乐乎！**
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/07/30/command-line-somedays-part-six/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Nenad Latinović][a]
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
linuhap翻译中
|
||||
CoreOS Linux ending the upgrade cycle
|
||||
CoreOS Linux结束升级周期
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Dwarf Fortress Sees First New Release In 2 Years
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Dwarf Fortress][1] is a single-player fantasy game. You can control a dwarven outpost or an adventurer in a randomly generated, persistent world. The kicker is that the graphics are all text, no actual graphics. There are of course mods to make it graphical however.
|
||||
|
||||
I have to say I don't get the fuss at all with this one. The interface is confusing and it's not nice to look at, but I am guessing with plenty of graphical mods it could get pretty good considering everything you can do in it. I understand it will have a massive amount of replayability due to generating a new world each time, but it just doesn't look inviting to someone who hasn't played a game like it before.
|
||||
|
||||
This new release is the first in 2 years and has massive changes as you might imagine. See the [full rundown here][1].
|
||||
|
||||
What do people see in it exactly? I know plenty of you play it as the amount of people to email it in was crazy. I'm just going to sit back and let the "omg your crazy" comments come in.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/dwarf-fortress-sees-first-new-release-in-2-years.3997
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/index.html
|
||||
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
|
||||
IPFire 2.13 Core 77 Linux Firewall Distro Brings Major OpenVPN Improvements
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Michael Tremer, a developer for the ipfire.org team, has announced that IPFire 2.13 Core 79, a new stable build of the popular Linux-based firewall distribution, is now out with some exciting new features.**
|
||||
|
||||
IPFire is a modular Linux distribution, which means that it can be deployed as a firewall, a proxy server, or a VPN gateway. The main concern of the developers is security and every step has been taken in order to ensure that users can feel really safe when using this operation system.
|
||||
|
||||
The developers are saying in the official [announcement][1] that the “Core Update 79 is finally arriving with many bug fixes and enhancements. Among the big changes with this update are lots feature enhancements that massively increase the security level of OpenVPN connections, some enhancements of the web user interface and a lot more awesome stuff under the hood.”
|
||||
|
||||
The IPFire devs had another huge release a few months ago and it looks like they have made another one, this time focusing on the improvement of the OpenVPN features and a few other aspects.
|
||||
|
||||
“The certificate authority that can be created on the OpenVPN page now uses much better hashes to protect the integrity of itself. The CA root certificate uses a SHA512 hash and a RSA key with length of 4096 bit. All new created host certificates use a RSA key with 2048 bit length and a SHA256 hash. Additionally, a set of Diffie-Hellman parameters can be generated for better protection of the session keys. The length of the pregenerated DH parameters can be chosen in the web interface,” also noted the devs.
|
||||
|
||||
According to the changelog, the cipher that is used for each net-to-net connection can now be changed, the hash function is now configurable with a few options like SHA2 (512, 384, and 256-bit), Whirpool (512 bit), and SHA1 (160 bit), and the tls-auth option can be enabled, which uses a HMAC function.
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux kernel used by the distribution has also been updated in this release and the OS now packs the 3.10.44 version. This should bring support for new hardware, a number of security fixes, and more stability.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, snort (the Intrusion Detection System) has been updated to version 2.9.6.1, the new firewall GUI now supports blocking access to the GREEN firewall interface, the PIE packet scheduler has been added, and the default size of the root partition has been increased.
|
||||
|
||||
The developers recommend all users of IPFire to upgrade their distributions. More details can be found on the official website.
|
||||
|
||||
Download IPFire 2.13 Core 79:
|
||||
|
||||
- [IPFire 2.15 Core 79][1] (ISO)[iso] [126 MB]
|
||||
- [IPFire 3.0 Alpha 1][2] (ISO)[iso] [76 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/IPFire-2-13-Core-77-Linux-Firewall-Distro-Brings-Major-OpenVPN-Improvements-450605.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.ipfire.org/news/ipfire-2-15-core-update-79-released
|
||||
[2]:http://downloads.ipfire.org/releases/ipfire-2.x/2.15-core79/ipfire-2.15.i586-full-core79.iso
|
||||
[3]:http://www.rowie.at/ipfire/iso/ipfire-3.0-alpha1.i686.iso
|
||||
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
|
||||
LFTP 4.5.3 File Transfer Software Is for People Who Love the Terminal
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**LFTP 4.5.3, a sophisticated file transfer program with a command-line interface that supports FTP, HTTP, FISH, SFTP, HTTPS, and FTPS protocols, has been released and is ready for download.**
|
||||
|
||||
Every operation made with LFTP is reliable, which means that, if any non-fatal error occurs, the operation is retried automatically. The software supports numerous protocols, but it can also handle a few other tasks, such as BitTorrent downloads, SRV DNS records, job queuing, bookmarks, aliases, and many more.
|
||||
|
||||
“lftp has shell-like command syntax allowing you to launch several commands in parallel in background (&). It is also possible to group commands within () and execute them in background. All background jobs are executed in the same single process. You can bring a foreground job to background with ^Z (c-z) and back with command ‘wait’ (or ‘fg’ which is alias to ‘wait’),” reads the official website.
|
||||
|
||||
According to the changelog, a new setting ftp:site has been added, the http body is not uncompressed when the Contrent-Type is compressed, the source address of DHT replies is now checked, and the disconnected torrent peers are now discarded after only a timeout.
|
||||
|
||||
A complete list of changes and improvements can be found in the official [announcement][1].
|
||||
|
||||
Download LFTP 4.5.3:
|
||||
|
||||
- [LFTP 4.5.3 tar.xz][2][sources] [1.40 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/LFTP-4-5-3-File-Transfer-Software-Is-for-People-Who-Love-the-Terminal-450596.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://lftp.yar.ru/news.html
|
||||
[2]:http://lftp.yar.ru/ftp/lftp-4.4.15.tar.xz
|
||||
@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
|
||||
GOG.com Now Supports Linux!
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> 50 games for the free OS available right NOW!
|
||||
|
||||
[][1]
|
||||
|
||||
A while ago, [we've announced our plans][2] to add Linux support as one of the features of our digital platform, with 100 games on the launch day sometime this fall. We've put much time and effort into this project and now we've found ourselves with over 50 titles, classic and new, prepared for distribution, site infrastructure ready, support team trained and standing by, and absolutely no reason to wait until October or November. We're still aiming to have at least 100 Linux games in the coming months, but we've decided not to delay the launch just for the sake of having a nice-looking number to show off to the press. It's not about them, after all, it's about you. So, one of the most popular site feature requests on our [community wishlist][3] is granted today: Linux support has officially arrived on GOG.com!
|
||||
|
||||
The first 50+ titles we've have in store for you come from all the corners of our DRM-Free catalog. Note that we've got many classic titles coming officially to Linux for the very first time, thanks to the custom builds prepared by our dedicated team of penguin tamers. That's over twenty fan-favorite GOG.com classics, like [FlatOut][4]&[Flatout 2][5], , [Darklands][6], or [Realms of the Haunting][7] we've personally ushered one by one into the welcoming embrace of Linux gamers. That's already quite a nice chunk of our back-catalog, and you can expect more from our dedicated Linux team soon!
|
||||
|
||||
Now, for the recent titles. We've got some indie games with native Linux versions that finally find their well-deserved spot in our store. Among them, debuting on Linux, [CLARC][8] - a well received original comedic Sci-Fi puzzler. On top of that, be on the lookout for two new additions to the GOG.com catalog: [Gods Will Be Watching][9] (coming in a couple of hours) and [Unrest:Special Edition][10] (Linux build coming right up!), both of them very fresh and intriguing. This is the very first time we can provide you with all the PC versions of a premiere game, and we will continue to do so in the future. If there's a Linux version of a title we're releasing, our aim is to deliver it to you Day-1. But enough about us, let's talk about the games. Here's what you can be playing on Linux today:
|
||||
|
||||
- [**Anomaly Warzone Earth**][11]
|
||||
- [**Ascendant**][12]
|
||||
- [**Bionic Dues**][13]
|
||||
- [**Blake Stone: Aliens of Gold**][14] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Blake Stone: Planet Strike**][15] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Bloodnet**][16] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Braveland**][17]
|
||||
- [**CLARC**][18] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Darklands**][19] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Darwinia**][20]
|
||||
- [**Defcon**][21]
|
||||
- [**Don't Starve + DLC**][22]
|
||||
- [**Dragonsphere**][23] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition**][24]
|
||||
- [**FlatOut**][25] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Flatout 2**][26] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Fragile Allegiance**][27] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Gemini Rue**][28]
|
||||
- [**Gods Will Be Watching**][29]
|
||||
- [**Hammerwatch**][30]
|
||||
- [**Hocus Pocus**][31] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Kentucky Route Zero**][32]
|
||||
- [**The Last Federation**][33]
|
||||
- [**Legend of Grimrock**][34]
|
||||
- [**Litil Divil**][35] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Long Live the Queen**][36]
|
||||
- [**MouseCraft**][37]
|
||||
- [**Multiwinia**][38]
|
||||
- [**Normality**][39] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Pinball Gold Pack**][40] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Pinball World**][41] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Pirates! Gold Plus**][42] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Realms of the Haunting**][43] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Rex Nebular and the Cosmic Gender Bender**][44] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Rise of the Triad: Dark War**][45] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Shattered Haven**][46]
|
||||
- [**The Shivah HD**][47]
|
||||
- [**Sid Meier's Colonization**][48] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Sid Meier's Covert Action**][49] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Sir, You Are Being Hunted**][50]
|
||||
- [**Slipstream 5000**][51] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Space Pirates and Zombies**][52]
|
||||
- [**Spacechem**][53]
|
||||
- [**Stargunner**][54] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**SteamWorld Dig**][55]
|
||||
- [**Super Hexagon**][56]
|
||||
- [**Surgeon Simulator 2013**][57]
|
||||
- [**Sword of the Samurai**][58] - first time on Linux!
|
||||
- [**Teslagrad**][59]
|
||||
- [**Unrest:Special Edition**][60] (Linux build on the way!)
|
||||
- [**Uplink**][61]
|
||||
- [**VVVVVV**][62]
|
||||
|
||||
As if this wasn't exciting enough, we've put more than half of these titles on a [special promo][63]! Head out to the [promo page][64] and find out which of them you can get up to 75% off until Tuesday, 9:59AM GMT. Of course, all of the games from the list above that you already own will be updated with Linux versions with no additional cost for you, just as you might have expected from GOG.com.
|
||||
|
||||
"OK, but how will Linux support actually work on GOG.com" - you might ask. For both native Linux versions, as well as special builds prepared by our team, GOG.com will provide distro-independent tar.gz archives and support convenient DEB installers for the two most popular Linux distributions: Ubuntu and Mint, in their current and future LTS editions. Helpful and responsive customer support has always been an important part of the GOG.com gaming experience. We wouldn't have it any other way when it comes to Linux, and starting today our helpdesk offers support for our official Linux releases on Ubuntu and Mint systems.
|
||||
|
||||
Diversity and freedom of choice have always been an important part of the GOG.com way. We're very glad that we could improve our service with the addition of the free (and DRM-Free) alternative to the commercial operating systems. Talking with gamers is just as important, so we're counting on your feedback! If you've got any questions, suggestions, or run into any trouble, just tell us in the forum thread below this post. Just please be gentle, this is [our very first time][65] with Linux. Happy launch day, everyone!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.gog.com/news/gogcom_now_supports_linux
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.gog.com/promo/linux_launch_promo_240714
|
||||
[2]:http://www.gog.com/news/gogcom_soon_on_more_platforms
|
||||
[3]:http://www.gog.com/wishlist/site#search=linux
|
||||
[4]:http://www.gog.com/game/flatout
|
||||
[5]:http://www.gog.com/game/flatout_2
|
||||
[6]:http://www.gog.com/game/darklands
|
||||
[7]:http://www.gog.com/game/realms_of_the_haunting
|
||||
[8]:http://www.gog.com/game/clarc
|
||||
[9]:http://www.gog.com/game/gods_will_be_watching
|
||||
[10]:http://www.gog.com/game/unrest_special_edition
|
||||
[11]:http://www.gog.com/game/anomaly_warzone_earth
|
||||
[12]:http://www.gog.com/game/ascendant
|
||||
[13]:http://www.gog.com/game/bionic_dues
|
||||
[14]:http://www.gog.com/game/blake_stone_aliens_of_gold
|
||||
[15]:http://www.gog.com/game/blake_stone_planet_strike
|
||||
[16]:http://www.gog.com/game/bloodnet
|
||||
[17]:http://www.gog.com/game/braveland
|
||||
[18]:http://www.gog.com/game/clarc
|
||||
[19]:http://www.gog.com/game/darklands
|
||||
[20]:http://www.gog.com/game/darwinia
|
||||
[21]:http://www.gog.com/game/defcon
|
||||
[22]:http://www.gog.com/game/dont_starve
|
||||
[23]:http://www.gog.com/game/dragonsphere
|
||||
[24]:http://www.gog.com/game/duke_nukem_3d_atomic_edition
|
||||
[25]:http://www.gog.com/game/flatout
|
||||
[26]:http://www.gog.com/game/flatout_2
|
||||
[27]:http://www.gog.com/game/fragile_allegiance
|
||||
[28]:http://www.gog.com/game/gemini_rue
|
||||
[29]:http://www.gog.com/game/gods_will_be_watching
|
||||
[30]:http://www.gog.com/game/hammerwatch
|
||||
[31]:http://www.gog.com/game/hocus_pocus
|
||||
[32]:http://www.gog.com/game/kentucky_route_zero_season_pass
|
||||
[33]:http://www.gog.com/game/last_federation_the
|
||||
[34]:http://www.gog.com/game/legend_of_grimrock
|
||||
[35]:http://www.gog.com/game/litil_divil
|
||||
[36]:http://www.gog.com/game/long_live_the_queen
|
||||
[37]:http://www.gog.com/game/mousecraft
|
||||
[38]:http://www.gog.com/game/multiwinia
|
||||
[39]:http://www.gog.com/game/normality
|
||||
[40]:http://www.gog.com/game/pinball_gold_pack
|
||||
[41]:http://www.gog.com/game/pinball_world
|
||||
[42]:http://www.gog.com/game/pirates_gold_plus
|
||||
[43]:http://www.gog.com/game/realms_of_the_haunting
|
||||
[44]:http://www.gog.com/game/rex_nebular_and_the_cosmic_gender_bender
|
||||
[45]:http://www.gog.com/game/rise_of_the_triad__dark_war
|
||||
[46]:http://www.gog.com/game/shattered_haven
|
||||
[47]:http://www.gog.com/game/the_shivah
|
||||
[48]:http://www.gog.com/game/sid_meiers_colonization
|
||||
[49]:http://www.gog.com/game/sid_meiers_covert_action
|
||||
[50]:http://www.gog.com/game/sir_you_are_being_hunted
|
||||
[51]:http://www.gog.com/game/slipstream_5000
|
||||
[52]:http://www.gog.com/game/space_pirates_and_zombies
|
||||
[53]:http://www.gog.com/game/spacechem
|
||||
[54]:http://www.gog.com/game/stargunner
|
||||
[55]:http://www.gog.com/game/steamworld_dig
|
||||
[56]:http://www.gog.com/game/super_hexagon
|
||||
[57]:http://www.gog.com/game/surgeon_simulator_2013
|
||||
[58]:http://www.gog.com/game/sword_of_the_samurai
|
||||
[59]:http://www.gog.com/game/teslagrad
|
||||
[60]:http://www.gog.com/game/unrest_special_edition
|
||||
[61]:http://www.gog.com/game/uplink_hacker_elite
|
||||
[62]:http://www.gog.com/game/vvvvvv
|
||||
[63]:http://www.gog.com/promo/linux_launch_promo_240714
|
||||
[64]:http://www.gog.com/promo/linux_launch_promo_240714
|
||||
[65]:http://youtu.be/qBxbPts5tOk
|
||||
@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Minimal Linux Live
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Minimal Linux Live is a set of Linux shell scripts which automatically build minimal Live Linux OS based on Linux [kernel][1] and [BusyBox][2]. All necessary source codes are automatically downloaded and all build operations are fully encapsulated in the scripts.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to build your own Minimal Linux Live ISO image file, all you need to do is the following:
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the latest scripts from the [download][3] section.
|
||||
- Extract the scripts to some folder.
|
||||
- Make sure that all scripts are executable (chmod +x *.sh).
|
||||
- Depending on which Linux OS you are using, there might be one or more (or none, or even more) build dependencies that you need to resolve before you start the build process. If you work with Ubuntu, the following commands should resolve all necessary build dependencies:
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install wget
|
||||
sudo apt-get install make
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gcc
|
||||
sudo apt-get install bc
|
||||
sudo apt-get install syslinux
|
||||
sudo apt-get install genisoimage
|
||||
|
||||
- Execute the script **build_minimal_linux_live.sh** and wait. If you have resolved all build dependencies, the whole process should take less than 30 minutes on a modern computer. If the build fails for some reason, most probably there are unresolved build dependencies. Several users reported that the build-essential package resolves all unexpected build dependencies for Ubuntu. If you are using Linux Mint try to install the package g++ and if you still have troubles then try the build-essential package. On Fedora you might need the static 'glibc' package glibc-static.
|
||||
|
||||
Please have in mind that the build dependencies can vary a lot depending on the Linux OS which you use and the software which you have already installed.
|
||||
|
||||
If you still have troubles then examine the failure message and google it. If you are unable to find solution, then you can ask someone more experienced Linux guru (if you know any) or as alternative you can contact me. Please, make sure that you have researched your problem in advance before you send me your question.
|
||||
|
||||
- When the scripts finish their job you will find newly created **minimal_linux_live.iso** in the same folder where you executed the scripts. You can burn the ISO image file on CD/DVD, install it on USB flash drive via [Universal USB Installer][4], or run it directly via PC emulator like [VirtualBox][5].
|
||||
|
||||
The produced ISO image file contains Linux kernel compiled with default options, BusyBox compiled with default options and very simple initramfs. This means that you don't get Windows support out of the box, nor you get any fancy desktop environment. All you get is a simple shell console which supports all BusyBox applets and... well, that's all. This is why it's called "minimal".
|
||||
|
||||
The good news is that even though the OS is small and simple, the build scripts are also very small and very simple. You can quite easily learn from the scripts and later modify them to include more stuff (I encourage you to do so). After you learn the basics you will have all the necessary tools and skills to create your own fully functional Linux based operating system! Entirely from scratch! Isn't it great?! :)
|
||||
|
||||
The tutorial provides more details about the inner structure of the scripts and the overall build process. I encourage you to go through this document when you have the time.
|
||||
|
||||
Below you can find several screenshots which show what the environment looks like when you boot your newly generated Minimal Linux Live OS.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://minimal.linux-bg.org/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://kernel.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://busybox.net/
|
||||
[3]:http://minimal.linux-bg.org/#
|
||||
[4]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://virtualbox.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
||||
French City Toulouse Saved 1 Million Euro With LibreOffice
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Toulouse][1], France’s 4th largest city located in south-west France, has saved one million Euro by migrating to Open Source office suite [LibreOffice][2].
|
||||
|
||||
Migrating to LibreOffice was one of the key project of city’s new digital policy. The migration started in 2012 after the political decision for the switch was taken in 2011. It took one and a half-year for the migration to complete and as of today, 90% of the desktops (used by around 10,000 people working for the city) run LibreOffice.
|
||||
|
||||
As per the city officials, software licenses for office suite costs around 1.8 million Euro every three years. The migration cost about 800,000 Euro. The city already saved around a million Euro.
|
||||
|
||||
It all started after Pierre Cohen was elected as the mayor of Toulouse in 2008. Cohen, an IT professional, started working on a digital policy with special focus on Open Source. It was his and his associate Erwane Monthubert’s efforts that city of Toulouse decided to switch to Open Source in 2011.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s not just LibreOffice. Most of the official web portals of Toulouse like toulouse.fr, toulouse-metropole.fr, data.grandtoulouse.fr are supported by free software. Alfresco is the choice for collaborative tools.
|
||||
|
||||
Switching to Open Source seems to be a trend in European cities. In neighboring Spain Valencia and [Canary Islands ditched Microsoft Office and saved in millions][3]. [French Metropolitan Police developed its own Linux OS][4] based on Ubuntu. List is endless and I hope my current city, Cote de Azur joins this list soon.
|
||||
|
||||
Read full report [here][5].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/french-city-toulouse-saved-1-million-euro-libreoffice/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse
|
||||
[2]:http://www.libreoffice.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://itsfoss.com/canary-islands-saves-700000-euro-open-source/
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/french-national-police-switch-37000-desktops-to-linux/
|
||||
[5]:https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/elibrary/case/toulouse-saves-1-million-euro-libreoffice
|
||||
@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Be honest: news that [Canonical is shuttering its Ubuntu One cloud storage service][1] came as a shock, right?
|
||||
|
||||
After four years of serving each and every Ubuntu user with a few gigabytes of free space in which to store their documents, music and photos, Canonical have decided to close it down. The service will cease operating as normal from June, and all files will be deleted permanently this July.
|
||||
|
||||
While the reasons behind its closure make sense for the company in lieu of it broader ambitions elsewhere, there’s no getting away from the fact that if you used it daily, you’re going to be left a little peeved.
|
||||
|
||||
> ‘…there is an army of alternatives able to pick up where Ubuntu One has left off’
|
||||
|
||||
Thankfully there is an army of alternatives able to pick up where Ubuntu One has left off. Most, if not all, offer more space, better features and are generally more reliable than Canonical’s aged offering. In fact, it seems like everyone and their pet cat now offers free cloud storage.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s partly because of the fierce competition between these services, what CEO Jane Silber refers to as the “free storage wars”, that the Ubuntu One offering wasn’t able to find its footing.
|
||||
|
||||
But the promise of some free space and a means of syncing to it through the desktop does not mean they’re all equal, or worthy of entrusting with your data. Which alternatives are worth pursuing? Let’s take a look.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Dropbox Indicator on Ubuntu – Comes In Handy
|
||||
|
||||
### Dropbox ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Best all rounder ####
|
||||
|
||||
Who hasn’t heard of Dropbox? As the granddaddy of cloud storage, it was the first service to both popularise and implement desktop-to-server syncing in a way that felt productive and not cumbersome.
|
||||
|
||||
Its success was buoyed by a generous referral scheme offering you extra space for signing others up, and extensive cross-platform support. Dropbox makes it easy to hop between devices and OSes and retain access to your files. Other features include public folders that let you share items with other people, regardless of whether they use the service, and near-instantaneous syncing of files as and when they’re changed.
|
||||
|
||||
256-bit AES encryption and two-step verification mean your files are pretty safe and secure.
|
||||
|
||||
For Ubuntu users Dropbox provides a native application that integrates tightly with the default file manager Nautilus. It offers an indicator applet for monitoring, sharing and managing sync; file and folder emblems; and some handy right-click menu options for quick sharing.
|
||||
|
||||
- **2GB** Free Space
|
||||
- Referral Scheme
|
||||
- Paid plans start from $9.99/m for 100GB
|
||||
- **Multi-platform support** (Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, Blackberry & Linux)
|
||||
|
||||
> - [Learn More on the Dropbox Website][2]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Insync Integrates Google Drive on Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### Google Drive ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Best for space and features ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you use Gmail or Google Docs then you’ll have, at some point or another, interacted with Google Drive. The search giant’s cloud service offers 15GB of free space in which to store your files, folders, photos and the like. These can be accessed from virtually any device with internet access and a fairly recent web browser or through dedicated mobile and desktop apps.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the neat things about Drive is that certain files do not count towards your free space quota; e.g., Google Docs files. Neither do files others have shared with you. Better still, any photos you upload to Google+ that have a resolution less than 2048 x 2048 are also hosted and synced gratis.
|
||||
|
||||
But Drive offers more than just space for your stuff. You also gain tight integration with Google’s own services, like Gmail, Google Docs and Google+.
|
||||
|
||||
While it’s not the easiest alternative to use on Ubuntu owing to a lack of official native support, there are a number of third party tools that allow you to sync your files locally and have all changes made uploaded back. The most popular third part app is InSync. It’s not free (costing a one-off fee of $15 for the basic account) but it is by far the best way to use it.
|
||||
|
||||
- 15GB Free Space
|
||||
- Paid plans start from $2.99/m for 100GB
|
||||
- Official apps for Windows, Mac, iOS and Android
|
||||
- Integrated into Chrome OS
|
||||
- Unofficial applications for Linux
|
||||
|
||||
> - [Learn More on the Google Drive Website][3]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Copy running on Ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
### Copy ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Best for Security Conscious ####
|
||||
|
||||
If popularity was based solely on the number of referral links that are posted in our comments section, then Copy would win the title hands down.
|
||||
|
||||
It may be less well known than other entrants on this list, but Copy, which is run by cloud enterprise giant Barracuda Networks, touts its robust security benefits the loudest.
|
||||
|
||||
Like Dropbox, Copy uses AES 256-bit encryption on all files but, unlike Dropbox, doesn’t not rely on third-party servers as all files are stored on the company’s own servers.
|
||||
|
||||
“With advanced features like secure sharing, source validation, and identity verification, you can breathe easy knowing your content can only be seen by the people you want,” they promise on their website.
|
||||
|
||||
Another of its unique advantages is that shared files and folders can be assigned to a single user so that they don’t count against the data storage limit for other users. Or, if preferred, the load can be shared between parties so that, for example, a 10GB file shared between 4 people would count as 2.5GB/each, rather than, as on Dropbox, 10GB each.
|
||||
|
||||
Google Drive offers something similar in that only the ‘sharer’ of a file has it count against their storage.
|
||||
|
||||
For desktop integration Copy spoil Linux users. The service supports native integration with **Nautilus, Thunar** and **Caja**, including sync folders and right-click options. An indicator applet/system tray item provides further control options, including a handy list of recently changed files.
|
||||
|
||||
- 15GB Free Space
|
||||
- Referral scheme
|
||||
- Paid plans start from $9.99/m for 250GB
|
||||
- Multi-platform support (Windows, Mac, iOS, Android & Linux)
|
||||
|
||||
> - [Learn More on the Copy Website][4]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Manage File Sync Yourself
|
||||
|
||||
### ownCloud ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Best for privacy ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you’d rather not trust your data in other people’s hands but still want the convenience of a “personal cloud”, ownCloud is a free and open source cloud storage platform you can host yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
Like with other cloud storage services, ownCloud lets you sync and share your files across Windows, OS X, Linux, Android, and iOS. It also comes with calendar integration, photo gallery sharing, built-in support for (mounting) additional storage devices/services – e.g., FTP servers, Dropbox and Amazon S3 – and a slew of “apps” that can be added for additional features in the web interface, including a PDF viewer, text editor, and version control.
|
||||
|
||||
Packages are available for a number of distributions, including Ubuntu from 12.04 to 13.10.
|
||||
|
||||
> - [Learn More on the ownCloud Website][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Chances are some of you reading this will have you own favourite, so don’t take the four picks above as set in stone. Other options worth exploring before committing include [SpiderOak][6], Microsoft [OneDrive][7] and [Box][8].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/three-alternatives-ubuntu-one
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/canonical-axe-ubuntu-one-file-music-services-grab-data-now
|
||||
[2]:http://dropbox.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://drive.google.com/
|
||||
[4]:https://www.copy.com/home/
|
||||
[5]:http://owncloud.org/
|
||||
[6]:https://spideroak.com/
|
||||
[7]:https://onedrive.live.com/
|
||||
[8]:https://www.box.com/
|
||||
@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Raspberry Pi In Schools
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Teaching the world to code is a noble goal, but how is it going to work in practice?
|
||||
|
||||
Two years ago, when the Raspberry Pi launched, it was with the intention of improving IT education in the UK. Since then more powerful, better connected or cheaper boards have come onto the market, but the Pi retains its position as the white knight of ICT teaching.
|
||||
|
||||
Why? Because of the community of users that has grown up around it. To find out more we travelled west to Manchester, venue for the second annual Jamboree – a festival of educators, makers and messer-abouters focussed on highlighting how engaging the Pi can be. There, we met 75% of the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s education team – Ben Nuttall, Clive Beale and Carrie Anne Philbin – to discuss IT teaching in the UK.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: So, Raspberry Pi education team, we were saying earlier that the obvious place to start is with the UK government’s Year of Code initiative, but that seems far too negative to being with!
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Yeah, but there’s so much to say about it!
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: I think it’s a fantastic initiative, which just represents everything we stand for, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah!
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: Should we just leave that then?
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: I mean the main issue is how the media portray computing, which is a brilliant, creative, rigorous, hard, challenging, fun thing, to just reduced to ‘this code’. ‘We must learn to code.’ ‘You better learn code or you’re a rubbish teacher.’ Which of course is not the case at all, it’s so much more than that. And so the teachers are running around now thinking the sky’s falling because they think that by September 2014, if they can’t code, then they’ve failed and they’ll think their kids have failed, and it’s a really bad message. There hasn’t been a simple message to say this is not the case, get out into the playground with some chalk and make a maze and do some computing, to teach them how to use a computer. No politician has stepped in to say this is not the case and they haven’t asked teachers who would tell them this isn’t the case. And that’s the problem. Where are the teachers? Where are the people that are actually teaching?
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: As you’ve just left teaching to join the Raspberry Pi Foundation, what are your thought Carrie Anne?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: It feels like a lot longer than two months, it feels like an eternity!
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Is that bad?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: No no, not at all! Because teachings so fast paced in that you’re seeing the results of what you’re doing in class straight away, whereas being out of the classroom for the past two months and working the Foundation, I can’t actually see the impact I’m having, but obviously people are talking to me and saying I am having an impact. It’s just very different to what I was seeing before. Clive always said there’s a massive difference between teaching and being a teacher. There are a lot of people we talk to who run Raspberry Jams, workshops, CoderDoJos and that kind of thing, and they always say ‘Oh, it’s really easy, you just do this, this and this.’ And it’s like, great, but you’ve got kids coming to you that *want* to learn this stuff. Imagine a class where you’ve got a bunch of kids who aren’t interested or engaged by this subject and actually teaching is much harder…
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Maybe 15 year olds on a Friday afternoon…
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Yes, a six-period day, end of the week…
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Ofsted saying, ‘Why haven’t your kids developed after 20 minutes in your lesson? Why haven’t they progressed?’. It’s very different.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: It’s very different, yep.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: So you have some idea of how things should be done because of your recent experience?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Yes.
|
||||
|
||||
> The Raspberry Jams have done an excellent job of bringing people together from all walks of life
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: Are we, in general as a society, doing the right things?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: I think so. I think what’s been really nice about the Raspberry Pi community is that is gives back to the community. So there are experts, there are people who love what they do, who are reaching out to teachers and reaching out to children by running workshops and clubs and things. And it’s actually that collaboration that produces the best materials and produces the best way to move forward with the new curriculum. I mean, the work I did as a teacher producing the Sonic Pi was a team of work. That was because I worked with, yes an academic, but he was an expert. He wanted to develop a teaching environment that I could use with my students to teach tech-based programing in a fun and engaging way, that engaged both genders and engaged both low ability students and high ability students. It’s a tech-based programming language, which is important at Key Stage 3 where you need to not just be able to teach Scratch, you need to teach a tech-based language that’s nice bridge between Starch and something like Python, which we can teach later on. So, yeah, I think we are moving in the right direction. It would be nicer if the powers that be…
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: It would be nice to see that as a microcosm of how these things actually happen. So as an academic has a brilliant idea and they’re very good at what they do, and then they come to a teacher and say ‘How can we make this useful in the classroom?’, ‘How can we get assessment in there?’, which schools needs frankly, ‘How do we make it robust?’, ‘How can we test it?’. And isn’t that a weird idea, to actually ask the people that teach how we should do that? It hasn’t happened really. But, yes, as Carrie says, we’re going in the right direction, certainly. The community and third parties are doing more to push it along.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: From someone outside a little bit, it kind of looks like this community has sort of spontaneously developed around the Raspberry Pi. Has this always been there or has it just become more obvious now?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: I think it’s always been there. I was a teacher so when Raspberry Pi first came out I got one. It got it and then I was like, this is brilliant! Someone’s developed something for education. A Linux box that we can use in the classroom. It’s cheap, it’s brilliant!
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: And mess about with.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Yeah, it’s going to be great! And then I was like, right, so where are the resources to go with it? Ah, there aren’t any. Then I was like, so where can I go and find some? The first obvious place was Raspberry Jam. There are people running events where they’re doing stuff. So I thought I’ll go along and speak to some people, and see what’s available. And it was through that that I met people to work with, and they’d formed that themselves, the enthusiasts from throughout the community around the Raspberry Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: It’s been a focus, hasn’t it? There’s been a lot of people sort of hanging around, saying ‘Look, I like tinkering, I like messing, I like coding, I like making’, and this thing appeared which was cheap and cheerful and fantastic to play around with, and I think it was a focus. It was waiting to happen really.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Carrie Ann Philbin, The Raspberry Pi Foundation’s Education Pioneer
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: Was there anything equivalent to Raspberry Jams before the Raspberry Pi came along for people and teachers to come together?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Well teachers tend to generally get together through things like TeachMeets and through Twitter, and those kinds of chat tools. There are ways that you can get together, but that’s more talking about teaching practice. Like the different ways you can use a sentence. It’s very teachery, it wasn’t specific to teaching computing.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: I think hardware-wise, Raspberry Pi was in the right place and the right time.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: The Jams done a really good job of bringing people together. The people, like myself, who were attending user groups that are interested in tech and really passionate about it, have got a chance to share that interest with the wider community. There were families coming in, teachers coming in, and they were just sharing what they were doing. And the skills they already had, and I was already programming in Python and things like that just on the desktop, and the Pi came along and it opened up this way of plugging into the real world and all the other things the Pi brings with it. Just being about to use those skills and pass them on, I got myself involved in Education through that.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: So you weren’t a teacher before then?
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: No, I was a software developer.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: This is what’s great about the education team at Raspberry Pi. It’s 50% ex-teachers and 50% software developers. We need people like Ben and Dave (Honess).
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: Yes, some people have ideas for things and think this could be an engaging exercise, but they may not know exactly how to deliver it, or how it’s going to work. They might not know how exactly a teacher is supposed to produce something to use that, but they have an end goal and working with someone else can help achieve that.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Yeah, you’re right, the real key is the mix. So you’re getting teachers and engineers and developers and families. Before, they might have been on a Linux user group, they might have been a teacher group, and you’re just bringing a bunch of different people together and that just (to use a horrible word!) synergizes stuff.
|
||||
(Everyone LOL)
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Yes, I did it! I said synergizes! I’m buying a copy of the magazine now.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: There’s something that comes about from getting all those different types of people together is that it breeds this wonderful learning environment that you cannot reproduce. Like, you were running a Picamera workshop this morning. So that was run by people who run Jams who are from industry. And what was really nice is that there were teachers and there were people who had come for the Jamboree from industry that were helping the teachers do stuff. And there was this environment that was like, it’s ok to not know something, it’s ok to ask a question, it’s ok to get it wrong and make mistakes. And that’s really powerful because sometimes teachers are afraid perhaps of saying they don’t know.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: So at this workshop, we gave people an intro to building a real application around the camera. So it’s not just ‘Oh, there’s a camera and you can take pictures’. It was ‘Ok, let’s plug in a button, and attach that to the Pi and let’s make that be the button for the camera’. And just a simple intro like that opens up a world of possibilities. Sometimes a lot of these things like the Jam, just gives you a lot of inspiration. Or if you see something in a magazine or online, or on Twitter, and you think somebody’s done that with the Pi, I’d really like to do that project in my garden or I’d like to do that myself and twist it and use some of the libraries they’ve used or used some of the codebase they’ve used and take it in their own direction.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Like it’s not a button, it’s a sensor for when your parents walk into your bedroom, it then tweets it as they walk in.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: And everyone’s got a different way of thinking. If you’re in classroom of 30 kids and you show them how to make a button do this, each of them is thinking ‘Oh I can make a such and such’. They’ll all have a different idea. And some of them will just go straight home and make one. And some of them would need a lot more guidance.
|
||||
|
||||
> Every teacher needs more time off their timetable to develop their skills
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: Are there some kids that just don’t get it at all?
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: I think there’s something for everyone, but they might not find it straight away. If you delivered a term’s worth of content for a class, with a good scope of different projects, I’d be surprised if there was one kid that wasn’t interested in any of it or didn’t find any of it engaging.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: It’s almost an antidote for kids not getting it. With teaching music, you’ll have people that are level 5 or 6 while others can’t read music. Because computing is creative and engaging, we don’t all have to become master coders. With Scratch, it’s a visual language and you’ll find that quite often you’ll get what are classed as low ability kids that just rip into that and do fantastic things because it’s the first time they’ve been allowed to get ideas out of their heads and make something with it. And before, if they’ve had problems with writing and numeracy, they haven’t been able to do that. There are case studies with young boys that aren’t very good at reading and writing but they start telling stories when you give them an environment where they can actually do these things. So it’s brilliant tool to actually fight the opposite. It’s not that they don’t get it. There’s something for everybody.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Voice’s Andrew Gregory asks Clive Beale a tough question
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: Pre-Raspberry Pi, in the dark ages of about 5 years ago, before the ICT revolution, what would those children be doing? Would they have responded to ICT at all?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: In a classroom, you have a network of computers that are all on lockdown. You’ve got your network administrator and team of technicians, and they do a wonderful job and I certainly wouldn’t slate them – I was a technician once. But we were living in a time where you had to lock down the internet, which I disagree with, I think it should be open. And all the computers, you can’t execute any files on them, so you can’t actually teach any programming on them. So that was a problem for me.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: Is that changing?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: I think it is changing, and will change with the new curriculum. For me as a teacher, what was great when the Raspberry Pi came along is that I don’t actually need those computers around the outside any more.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: So you don’t need permission.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Here’s my box full of Pis, let’s just get them out.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: I’ll install what you want, do what I want.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Yeah, you can break it. And that’s ok, you just flash it and start again.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: In 1997, they put the C back in ICT and suddenly it became this thing that you had to teach. The curriculum wasn’t really that bad. A lot of people moan about it, but if you actually sat down and read it, it was quite flexible and did let you do take control and make programming and coding interesting. But because resources are so important to schools, you just ended up doing the easy things.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: But when you said about kids using Scratch and becoming motivated to do other things, that would never have happened before the Raspberry Pi came along.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Yes, it was more just following what the teacher said, ‘And now we’re going to write a letter to the cinema’ or something. That’s like giving someone a Ferrari and saying you’ve just got to drive in this room for half an hour. So you’ve given them this fantastic tool for exploration and creativity, and you’re saying we’ve got to do this. Whereas with the computing thing, especially things like Scratch, just lets them think, ‘Ok, I can do a movie, I can do a little flip frame animation, or you know what, I can actually make a game’. And then suddenly they’re doing stuff that they haven’t had the opportunity to do.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Yeah, and I think that ICT curriculum was about 12 years out of date. It was created and it wasn’t updated.
|
||||
|
||||
> you can break it. And that’s ok, you just flash it and start again
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: Obviously quite a lot has changed in computing education according to the media over the last couple of years in the UK. Broadly speaking, it is getting better?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Yes.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: What are the parts that pushed it to be better.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: I think the teachers. They’re the ones in the classroom that have to teach the curriculum. When I became a teacher, I was already working in a school and I kept putting it off becoming a teacher because the curriculum bored me. But then I realised that, when I actually got into the classroom, I was able to put my own spin on it. I think it started with the teachers. Those people saying we want a new curriculum, we want to teach this and it’s engaging the kids and they’re learning something. I think it started there and then I think industry picked up on the fact that that was happening and they wanted more industry experts. And then the government got involved and it snowballed really.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Scratch was a big word-of-mouth thing wasn’t it. It was about mid-2000 when it came out, and suddenly you just found that any teacher worth their salt was using it for their ICT curriculum because it taught about control.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: HTML as well. HTML has been on the curriculum for years. We’ve been teaching HTML in Notepad for years.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: What are going to be the big things pushing it forward over the next few years?
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: I think more of the same really. It’ll be teachers, it’s always the teachers. They’re the ones that come to the Jamboree and this kind of thing, and learn from people like Ben and that sort of collaboration. That’s where it starts. The teachers see what can be done, and they start doing it, and they’ll be more of that. And there are initiatives like code clubs and the Master Teachers are great.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: Teachers are meeting up more when before may not have been getting together.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: And as well as there being a more content, I think they’ll be convergence of a lot of this stuff. So, because the Raspberry Pi doesn’t have any official resources right now, some people are going off and writing their own. I think they’ll be a convergence of people pulling their ideas together and there’ll be a more centralised system for that. And we’ll be helping the community out with that.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: ‘We’ll be at the forefront of that’, is that quote!
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: You haven’t mentioned government policy, or anything like that at all. Is that a negative thing or just by-the-by?
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: I was at the Westminster forum yesterday and they had a chap from the DFE there, and I couldn’t resist it, so I got the mic and said you haven’t really taken it seriously have you? He turned round and said, we have *really* take it seriously. This idea that we can just bring in a new program of study and saying ‘Oh, aren’t we wonderful’, because Eric Schmidt’s speech and going over that, and suddenly we’re made it all better for you. But you haven’t, you just seemed to have done something that a lot of teachers are now scared of. So there’s a lot of work to do, and we’re really positive. But no, the government have not, in my personal opinion, given the money or the support or the thought behind this. If you go to Jersey, it’s such a great contrast. 6 million pounds, 100 thousand people on the island – the size of Cambridge. Compared to the 53 million in England and parts of the UK. This is in England initially, it’s not in Scotland and Wales. They’re got the infrasture, fibre to the door in every school, linking into businesses, £2 million CPD for teachers, well that’s practically what the government pay for the whole of England. So, have you taken it seriously, no. I think they’ve completing underestimated what’s involved. They thought the teachers would just pick it up and have the time and resources, which we don’t have the time for.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Maggie Philbin has been leading a UK digital skills taskforce, of which I’m part the team. We’re looking at where the skill shortages are and what are digital skills. Because there’s going to a whole group of kids who are now 14 to 16 who are going to leave the education system who haven’t had new programs like these. They were on the old program, so we’re looking at who will be deskilled and what we can do about that. So hopefully that report will inform government policy.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: There must be a generation of people that don’t have their own website.
|
||||
|
||||
**LV**: If there’s one thing you could change about government policy, what would it be?
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: It really is to do with support for teachers. This idea that teachers would be able to, especially primary school teachers where you have to teach a range of subjects, suddenly go off, and even the guy yesterday said, well there’s loads of third party resources, but you’ve still got to go out and get them and try them out and learn and bring them all together.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: Time. One of the biggest recommendations that I would say is time. Every teacher needs more time off their timetable to develop their skills, especially in an area like this that they perhaps think they’re weak. Because it takes a while to set things up and start your learning. As a teacher, you get like a 30 period timetable, you’re teaching for about 22 lessons of that with about 7 free periods, but some of those you’ll be covering for another lesson and some of those I need to plan my lesson and mark. They need time.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: If you look at science, so if you’re a chemistry or biology teacher at secondary, there’s a scheme where you can re-skill to physics and they will give you free periods, huge bursary, and they’ll also take you off timetable one day a week to go off and go to other schools and retrain, and maybe pay for the cover. And this is the government doing this, and if you do this, this and this, you come out as an accredited physics teacher. So they took that seriously, but yet here’s a brand new subject and they’re expecting people just to pick up and run with it, and it’s completely inadequate.
|
||||
|
||||
**Carrie Anne**: But it’s not just time to learn something, it’s also time to go and meet industry people. Like go to a company and be in there and work and learn from them, and see what the world is like. Because some people, they went through education, went to university and became a teacher, so they’ve never left this school environment and they’ve got no idea of what the world of work is like.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ben**: I think there are some people in the current government that seem to think there should just be this package, and this is what you should deliver as your syllabus this year. Everyone is treated the same. Each teacher has their own class, and they’re all different, with different ways of engaging their interest. It needs to be tailored, so the teacher needs to take that material, and perhaps look on our site in the next year and say, well this one looks quite suitable for my class, or this one might be a good one to do.
|
||||
|
||||
**Clive**: It’s so long term. The government also do not understand that this is long term. So if you’re going to start teaching at 5 about algorithms and a bit of code and Scratch, what happens further down the line. The secondary school teacher will be saying, I can’t teach them Scratch anymore, which is what we do in Year 7 at the moment. So it’s actually quite a long term thing and things will continue to change over the next several years until that pipeline becomes full. And they’ve unbelievably said here’s £2 million, do some training for September 2014. What’s 2014 got to do with it? This is five, six, seven years down the line.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/education-education-education/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by toknow-gh Out in the Open: The Little-Known Open Source OS That Rules the Internet of Things
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Image: Adnk/[Wikipedia][1]
|
||||
|
||||
You can connect almost anything to a computer network. Light bulbs. Thermostats. Coffee makers. Even badgers. Yes, badgers.
|
||||
|
||||
Badgers spend a lot of time underground, which make it difficult for biologists and zoologists to track their whereabouts and activities. GPS, for example, doesn’t work well underground or in enclosed areas. But about five years ago, University of Oxford researchers Andrew Markham and Niki Trigoni [solved that problem][2] by inventing a wireless tracking system that can work underground. Their system is clever, but they didn’t do it alone. Like many other scientists, they turned to open source to avoid having to rebuild fundamental components from scratch. One building block they used is an open source operating system called [Contiki][3].
|
||||
|
||||
“Contiki was a real enabler as it allowed us to do rapid prototyping and easily shift between different hardware platforms,” says Markham, now an associate professor at the University of Oxford.
|
||||
|
||||
Contiki isn’t nearly so well-known as Windows or OS X or even Linux, but for more than a decade, it has been the go-to operating system for hackers, academics, and companies building network-connected devices like sensors, trackers, and web-based automation systems. Developers love it because it’s lightweight, it’s free, and it’s mature. It provides a foundation for developers and entrepreneurs eager to bring us all the internet-connected gadgets the internet of things promises, without having to develop the underlying operating system those gadgets will need.
|
||||
|
||||
Perhaps the biggest thing Contiki has going for it is that it’s small. Really small. While Linux requires one megabyte of RAM, Contiki needs just a few kilobytes to run. Its inventor, Adam Dunkels, has managed to fit an entire operating system, including a graphical user interface, networking software, and a web browser into less than 30 kilobytes of space. That makes it much easier to run on small, low powered chips–exactly the sort of things used for connected devices–but it’s also been ported to many older systems like the Apple IIe and the Commodore 64.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Adam Dunkels. Photo: Sara Arnald
|
||||
|
||||
Contiki will soon face competition from the likes of Microsoft, which recently [announced Windows for the Internet of Things][4]. But while Microsoft’s new operating system will be free for devices less than 9 inches in size, it won’t be open source. And Contiki has an 11-year head start.
|
||||
|
||||
Contiki started in 2003, but its roots stretch to Dunkels’ days as a computer science student at Mälardalen University in Sweden. In 2000, he was working on a project to use wireless sensors to track hockey players’ vital signs and display them on a screen the crowd could see. “We convinced them to have this thing up their nose so we could measure their breathing rates,” Dunkels recalls.
|
||||
|
||||
To make the sensors work correctly, Dunkels had to write software would enable them to interact with a computer network. He called the resulting code [LwIP][5], for “light weight internet protocol.” Although LwIP is still used in many microcontrollers and other products today, Dunkels decided it wasn’t quite lightweight enough. In 2003, he created microIP, which evolved into Contiki. The OS was an immediate hit with researchers and hobbyists, and has in recent years attracted commercial users including [Rad-DX][6] radiation detection devices and [Zolertia][7] noise monitoring system.
|
||||
|
||||
While Nest, the web connected thermostat company [Google acquired for $3.2 billion][8] in January, has come to define the Internet of Things, Dunkels notes that many companies have been using network-connected devices for years in applications including industrial and building automation. “With something like CES you see all the consumer stuff, but there are just so many different aspects of this,” Dunkel says.
|
||||
|
||||
But consumer technology companies are beginning to embrace Contiki as well. The [LiFX][9] “smart light bulb” is using the operating system, for example, as is the Nest competitor [Tado][10].
|
||||
|
||||
To help support the burgeoning commercial usage of Contiki, Dunkels left his job as a professor at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science and founded [Thingsquare][11], a startup focused on providing a cloud-based back-end for Contiki devices. The idea is to make it easy for developers to connect their hardware devices with smartphones and the web. Thingsquare manages the servers, and provides all the software necessary to manage a device over the web.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.wired.com/2014/06/contiki/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Contiki-ipv6-rpl-cooja-simulation.png
|
||||
[2]:http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/projects/WILDSENSING/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.contiki-os.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.wired.com/2014/04/free-windows/
|
||||
[5]:https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.dtectsystems.com/rad-DX_page.html
|
||||
[7]:http://zolertia.com/home
|
||||
[8]:http://www.wired.com/2014/01/googles-3-billion-nest-buy-finally-make-internet-things-real-us/
|
||||
[9]:http://lifx.co/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.tado.com/de-en/
|
||||
[11]:http://www.thingsquare.com/
|
||||
@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
|
||||
GitHub redesigns its Windows app to put your work front and center, adds emoji and gif support
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub today [released][1] version 2.0 of its Windows app, which it markets as “the easiest way to use Git and GitHub on Windows.” The new version features a more streamlined design, new GitHub local features, and some general speed improvements. You can grab the new version now directly form [windows.github.com][2] (if you already have GitHub for Windows, it will update automatically).
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub released its Windows app back in [May 2012][3], and has made improvements in three minor releases since. Today’s major 2.0 release comes more than two years after the app’s debut, and aims to inject new life into the app.
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub executives told me they saw a major bump in terms of interest for the client with the 1.3 release that was more of an overall increase rather than just a spike associated with new versions. They are naturally hoping for a repeat of this jump with the 2.0 release.
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub 2.0 for Windows is supposed to be simpler and cleaner, and aims to put more focus and the developer and their work. For the sake of comparison, here’s how the previous 1.3 version looked like:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Here is the 2.0 release (the company emphasizes that your work is now ” front and center”):
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Previously, there were two different views available. The company has slimmed that down so developers no longer need to move back and forth between their projects.
|
||||
|
||||
This is largely accomplished by adding a sidebar that reduces the need to navigate through menus and options. In short, your local repositories are always available on the left, plus you can create, clone, and publish repositories without having to navigate to a new screen. Your repositories are also grouped by where they originated from, so work projects (think GitHub Enterprise) are easy to distinguish from personal ones, and you can easily switch between them.
|
||||
|
||||
The new design aside, GitHub for Windows now lets you pick an ignore file template for your project when you create a repository. It also supports including emoji and gifs in your commit messages.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s worth noting that the aforementioned performance improvements should be felt around the app in general. Unfortunately, GitHub wasn’t able to share any benchmarks regarding the speed bumps.
|
||||
|
||||
All in all, this is a big redesign aimed at improving the user experience. GitHub executives tell TNW the new design language aims is a “GitHub Metro style” that takes the “best parts of Metro as well as Android and iOS.” Whether or not that’s a good thing will likely come down to personal preference.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://thenextweb.com/dd/2014/06/09/github-redesigns-windows-app-put-work-front-center-adds-emoji-gif-support/?tnw_rfl=tw
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/blog/1844-say-hello-to-github-for-windows-2-0
|
||||
[2]:http://windows.github.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://thenextweb.com/apps/2012/05/21/github-releases-its-windows-app-at-last/
|
||||
@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[translating by KayGuoWhu]
|
||||
diff -u: What's New in Kernel Development
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Once in a while someone points out a POSIX violation in Linux. Often the answer is to fix the violation, but sometimes Linus Torvalds decides that the POSIX behavior is broken, in which case they keep the Linux behavior, but they might build an additional POSIX compatibility layer, even if that layer is slower and less efficient.
|
||||
|
||||
This time, *Michael Kerrisk* reported a POSIX violation that affected file operations. Apparently, reading and writing to files during multithreaded operations could hit race conditions and overwrite each other's changes.
|
||||
|
||||
There was some discussion over whether this was really a violation of POSIX, but ultimately, who cares? Data clobbering is bad. After Michael posted some code to reproduce the problem, the conversation focused on what to do to fix it. But Michael did make an argument that "Linux isn't consistent with UNIX since early times. (E.g., page 191 of the 1992 edition of Stevens APUE discusses the sharing of the file offset between the parent and child after fork(). Although Stevens didn't explicitly spell out the atomicity guarantee, the discussion there would be a bit nonsensical without the presumption of that guarantee.)"
|
||||
|
||||
Al Viro joined Linus in trying to come up with a fix. Linus tried introducing a simple mutex to lock files so that write operations couldn't clobber each other, and Al offered his own refinements that improved on Linus' patch.
|
||||
|
||||
At one point, Linus explained the history of the bug itself. Apparently, once upon a time the file pointer, which told the system where to write into the file, had been locked in a semaphore so only one process could do anything to it at a time. But, they took it out of the semaphore in order to accommodate device files and other non-regular files that ran into race conditions when users were barred from writing to them whenever they pleased.
|
||||
|
||||
That was what introduced the bug. At the time, it slipped through undetected, because that actual reading and writing to regular files was still handled atomically by the kernel. It was only the file pointer itself that could get out of sync. And, because high-speed threaded file operations are a pretty rare need, it took a long time for anyone to run into the problem and report it.
|
||||
|
||||
An interesting little detail is that, while Linus and Al were hunting for a fix, Al at one point complained that the approach Linus was taking wouldn't support certain architectures, including *ARM* and *PowerPC*. Linus' response was, "I doubt it's worth caring about. [...] If the ARM/PPC people end up caring, they could add the struct-return support to gcc."
|
||||
|
||||
It's always interesting to see how corner cases crop up and get dealt with. In some cases, part of the fix has to happen in the kernel, part in GCC and part elsewhere. In this particular instance, Al felt the whole thing could be done in the kernel, and he was inspired to write his own version of the patch, which Linus accepted.
|
||||
|
||||
*Andi Kleen* wanted to add low-level CPU event support to *perf*. The problem was that there could be tons of low-level events, and it varied widely from CPU to CPU. Even storing the possible events in memory for all CPUs would significantly increase the kernel's running size. So, hard-coding this information into the kernel would be problematic.
|
||||
|
||||
He pointed out that the *OProfile* tool relied on publicly available lists of these events, though he said the OProfile developers didn't always keep their lists up to date with the latest available versions.
|
||||
|
||||
To solve these issues, Andi submitted a patch that allowed perf to identify which event-list was needed for the particular CPU on the given system, and automatically download the latest version of that list from its home location. Then perf could interpret the list and analyze the events, without overburdening the kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
There was various feedback to Andi's code, mostly to do with which directory should house the event-lists, and what the filenames should be called. The behavior of the code itself seemed to get a good reception. One detail that may turn out to be more controversial than the others was Andi's decision to download the lists to a subdirectory of the user's own home directory. Andi said that otherwise users might be encouraged to download the event-lists as the root user, which would be bad security practice.
|
||||
|
||||
Sasha Levin recently posted a script to translate the *hexadecimal offsets *from stack dumps into meaningful line numbers that pointed into the kernel's source files. So something like "ffffffff811f0ec8" might be translated into "fs/proc/generic.c:445".
|
||||
|
||||
However, it turned out that Linus Torvalds was planning to remove the hex offsets from the stack dumps for exactly the reason that they were unreadable. So Sasha's code was about to go out of date.
|
||||
|
||||
They went back and forth a bit on it. At first Sasha decided to rely on data stored in the System.map file to compensate, but Linus pointed out that some people, including him, didn't keep their System.map file around. Linus recommended using /usr/bin/nm to extract the symbols from the compiled kernel files.
|
||||
|
||||
So, it seems as though Sasha's script may actually provide meaningful file and line numbers for debugging stack dumps, assuming the stack dumps provide enough information to do the calculations.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/diff-u-whats-new-kernel-development-0
|
||||
|
||||
原文作者：[Zack Brown][a]
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/user/801501
|
||||
@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[su-kaiyao] 翻译中
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3 Goes Live, Includes Fix for 11 Year Old Bug
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> If you long to write 'monster paragraphs' in the open-source office suite, this is the release for you
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**A new month, and a new release of LibreOffice, the open-source office suite installed by default in Ubuntu. **
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3 is the eighth major release of the software since its split from OpenOffice back in 2010 and the third minor release in the 4.x release series.
|
||||
|
||||
### What’s New? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Every major release of the office suite sees a huge set of changes, fixes and updates included. If you have a spare couple of hours you can pour over the entire changelog for this latest update on the Document Foundation [wiki at wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/4.3][1].
|
||||
|
||||
To save you some time we’ve put together a brief summary of the more user-facing and headline features new to this update.
|
||||
|
||||
### Document interoperability ###
|
||||
|
||||
As one of many office suites LibreOffice comes with improvements in handling, opening and saving to and from other office file formats.
|
||||
|
||||
In 4.3, this results in a raft of OOXML improvements, including DrawingML features, theme fonts, and file embeds. Theme colours on fonts, paragraphs and table cells are now preserved, as is styling, fill and other effects on images and shapes.
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft Office **users will find support for 30 additional Excel formulas**. Mac users chancing upon old ClarisWorks, MacWorks and SuperPaint files will be pleased to know these can now be opened in LibreOffice.
|
||||
|
||||
Nested comments in documents benefit from a formatting tidy-up and may now be both imported and exported as .doc, .rtf and .docx files (among others).
|
||||
|
||||
### Other Notable Changes ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Support for animated 3D models in Impress
|
||||
- Support for Collada and .kmz files
|
||||
- Initial HiDPI support on Windows & Linux
|
||||
- Start center now previews all files, not just .odf
|
||||
- Progress bar for .docx imports
|
||||
- PDF Import tweaks, including rotated text support
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, an 11 year old bug that prevents ‘monster’ paragraphs of more than 65,000 characters being entered has finally been solved. TDF say this is down to “the modernization of the OOo source code, which is an exclusive function of *LibreOffice*.”
|
||||
|
||||
### Download LibreOffice 4.3 ###
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3 is available to download from the official project website at [libreoffice.org/download][2], or direct through the following links:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Linux x64 (.deb)][3] // [Torrent][4]
|
||||
- [Linux x86 (.deb)][5] // [Torrent][6]
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t fancy upgrading you can expect to find the release included in Ubuntu 14.10, due for release later this year.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/libreoffice-4-3-released-includes-fix-11-year-old-bug
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/4.3
|
||||
[2]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/?type=deb-x86_64&version=4.3.0&lang=en-US
|
||||
[4]:http://download.documentfoundation.org/libreoffice/stable/4.3.0/deb/x86_64/LibreOffice_4.3.0_Linux_x86-64_deb.tar.gz.torrent
|
||||
[5]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/?type=deb-x86&version=4.3.0&lang=en-US
|
||||
[6]:http://download.documentfoundation.org/libreoffice/stable/4.3.0/deb/x86/LibreOffice_4.3.0_Linux_x86_deb.tar.gz.torrent
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
|
||||
$2400 Valued Introduction To Linux Course Is Available For Free On edX
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Probably you have already heard it. [Linux Foundation][1] has tied up with [edX][2] (a major online learning platform founded by MIT and Harvard University) to provide its Introduction to Linux course, which usually costs $2400, for free.
|
||||
|
||||
edX has over 200 courses from over 50 elite universities, corporations and organizations worldwide. Over 2.5 million users attend these online courses across the globe.
|
||||
|
||||
**Introduction to Linux course is starting from 1st August**. There are three ways one can take this course (or most other edX courses):
|
||||
|
||||
- **Audit the course**: Simple register for **free** and get access to study material. Participate in course as per your own pace. There is no compulsion or penalty if you cannot complete the course.
|
||||
- **Honor code certificate**: It certifies that you have successfully completed the course, however, it doesn’t verify your identity. This too is for free.
|
||||
- **Verified certificate of achievement**: This certificates validates your identity and costs $250 for **Introduction to Linux** course.
|
||||
|
||||
Introduction to Linux requires a working knowledge of computers and common software. Program aims to provide experienced computer users, who may or may not have previous Linux experience, a good working knowledge of Linux, from both a graphical and command line perspective. It consists a course work of 40 to 60 hours and is designed by Dr. Jerry Cooperstein, who manages training content at Linux Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are planning to attend Introduction to Linux, it is advised to have Linux installed on your computer beforehand. Linux Foundation has [prepared a guide to set up the computer][3] to help users out.
|
||||
|
||||
What are you waiting for? If you ever wanted to learn Linux, this is the time and best of all, it’s FREE! Sign up to the course with the link below:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Introduction to Linux course at edX][4]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/introduction-linux-free-edx/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/
|
||||
[2]:https://www.edx.org/
|
||||
[3]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/images/pdfs/Preparing_Your_Computer_for_LFS101x.pdf
|
||||
[4]:https://www.edx.org/course/linuxfoundationx/linuxfoundationx-lfs101x-introduction-1621#.U9gJ5nWSyb8
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||
20 Amazing Linux Blogs For Beginners!
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Whether you're a newbie looking to venture into the world of Linux and open source or a pro in search for some inspiration, well, blogs are the one stop shop to all your needs. Blogs are an excellent resource of information coming in from real time users like you and me who are looking to help other fellow users grasp concepts in simple language and easy format.
|
||||
|
||||
1.[Ubuntux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
2.[Mark shuttleworth's Official Blog][2]
|
||||
|
||||
3.[Ubuntu Living][3]
|
||||
|
||||
4.[Planet Gnome][4]
|
||||
|
||||
5.[Planet KDE][5]
|
||||
|
||||
6.[Linux Tracker][6]
|
||||
|
||||
7.[Linux Watch][7]
|
||||
|
||||
8.[Mandriva Blog][8]
|
||||
|
||||
9.[Linux Security][9]
|
||||
|
||||
10.[Linux on Desktop][10]
|
||||
|
||||
11.[LinuxBSDos][11]
|
||||
|
||||
12.[All for Linux][12]
|
||||
|
||||
13.[Linux from Scratch][13]
|
||||
|
||||
14.[RootPrompt][14]
|
||||
|
||||
15.[Linux Home Networking][15]
|
||||
|
||||
16.[YoLinux][16]
|
||||
|
||||
17.[Librenix][17]
|
||||
|
||||
18.[Linux Journal][18]
|
||||
|
||||
19.[Linux Street][19]
|
||||
|
||||
20.[Linux Hub][20]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=144715
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.ubuntux.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.markshuttleworth.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://ubuntuliving.blogspot.in/
|
||||
[4]:http://planet.gnome.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://planetkde.org/
|
||||
[6]:http://linuxtracker.org/
|
||||
[7]:http://efytimes.com/e1/www.linux-watch.com
|
||||
[8]:http://blog.mandriva.com/en/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.linuxsecurity.com/
|
||||
[10]:http://linuxondesktop.blogspot.in/
|
||||
[11]:http://www.linuxbsdos.com/
|
||||
[12]:http://allforlinux.com/
|
||||
[13]:http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/
|
||||
[14]:http://rootprompt.org/
|
||||
[15]:http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/
|
||||
[16]:http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/
|
||||
[17]:http://librenix.com/
|
||||
[18]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/
|
||||
[19]:http://www.linuxstreet.net/
|
||||
[20]:http://linuxhub.net/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
(translated by runningwater)
|
||||
Test read/write speed of usb and ssd drives with dd command on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### Drive speed ###
|
||||
@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ Php developer, blogger and Linux enthusiast. He can be reached at [m00n.silv3r@g
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/linux-test-drive-speed/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
disylee来占坑~~
|
||||
Top 10! Fun On The Command Line
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**If you just love making 'top 10'-type lists but are a little embarrassed to say so, tell people you're passionate about data exploration. To impress them even more, explain that you do your data exploration on the command line. But don't ruin the impression by telling them how easy that is!**
|
||||
@ -113,4 +114,4 @@ via: http://thelinuxrain.com/articles/top-10-fun-on-the-command-line
|
||||
[3]:http://www.rinkworks.com/words/letterfreq.shtml
|
||||
[4]:http://www.thelinuxrain.com/articles/building-a-gazetteer-table-from-kml-files
|
||||
[5]:https://zenodo.org/record/10481
|
||||
[6]:http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansards%2F232fa1a8-d7e8-4b22-9018-1a99b5a96812%2F0025;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansards%2F232fa1a8-d7e8-4b22-9018-1a99b5a96812%2F0000%22
|
||||
[6]:http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansards%2F232fa1a8-d7e8-4b22-9018-1a99b5a96812%2F0025;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansards%2F232fa1a8-d7e8-4b22-9018-1a99b5a96812%2F0000%22
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating By lfzark
|
||||
|
||||
Use Pushbullet Indicator In Ubuntu To Send Files To Android Or iOS Devices
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Pushbullet][1] is an app available for iOS and Android devices that lets you send files, links, images from your desktop to your mobile device and vice versa. Pushbullet can be used in any OS by installing extensions in Firefox or Chrome.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are not fan of browser extensions and want to use something more of a desktop app for **Pushbullet in Ubuntu 14.04**, you can use **Pushbullet Indicator** developed by [Atareao][2]. Pushbullet Indicator is in development stage at the moment and doesn’t have all the functionality of the official Windows desktop app but it still has enough to get you started.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Pushbullet Indicator in Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint 17 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open a terminal and use the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install pushbullet-indicator
|
||||
|
||||
The above PPA won’t work on Ubuntu 13.10.
|
||||
|
||||
### Using Pushbullet Indicator in Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint 17 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Create an account on [Pushbullet][3].
|
||||
- Install the Pushbullet app on your Android or iOS device.
|
||||
- After installing Pushbullet Indicator in Ubuntu or Linux Mint, start it. On the first launch, it will give the option to connect to your Pushbullet account:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Once connected, you should also name your device, from the device tab in the above picture. If you want Pushbullet to autostart at each boot, you can choose it do so by going in preference and turn on the Autostart button (shown in the picture above).
|
||||
- Once you are done with this, you will see the Pushbullet indicator in Unity panel.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- To send something to your smartphone, click on the indicator and select the device (linked to your Pushbullet account). It’s as simple as that.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- You’ll get a notification on the other device of receiving a file. You can access them all from the Pushbullet app.
|
||||
- Android devices can also get notifications for phone calls, text messages and other notifications.
|
||||
- If you send a file from your mobile device to your desktop, you will be notified about it:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- The files are not automatically saved to a certain directory. To get the file sent from other device, go to Show last push from the indicator menu, it will show you the last push available. Click on it to download the file to a directory of your choice.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Nautilus extension for Pushbullet: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, you can also install Nautilus extension for Pushbullet to send files directly from right click menu. Use the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install nautilus-pushbullet
|
||||
|
||||
You’ll have to authenticate it again after restarting.
|
||||
|
||||
Do share your experience with Pushbullet Indicator in comment section. Ciao 
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/pushbullet-indicator-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.pushbullet.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.atareao.es/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.pushbullet.com/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
How to Create an Ubuntu Kiosk Computer
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Linux distributions can be as feature-packed or as stripped back as needed, powering anything from inner-city signage to city council desktops.**
|
||||
|
||||
It’s this versatile, almost malleable quality that has made Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, so successful in so many diverse areas.
|
||||
|
||||
### Kiosks and Single Purpose Computers ###
|
||||
|
||||
One of the more popular uses for Ubuntu is in **kiosk-type computers**. These devices tend to run a stripped down or limited version of the OS, only allowing **a single application to run**.
|
||||
|
||||
Kiosk computers can be set up to provide transient or passive access, and are ideal in internet cafes or any situation that calls for a machine with only certain features — such as a web browser — accessible by users.
|
||||
|
||||
### Making an Ubuntu Kiosk ###
|
||||
|
||||
But how do you go about creating such a computer? Well, save your Googles. Linux developer Oli Warner recently published a pair of articles that walk through the creation of single purpose setups using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Google Chrome.
|
||||
|
||||
The first of his guides starts from the ground up, using Ubuntu server and a handful of packages to create a lightweight combination of X and Openbox running Chrome on boot. The install takes up less than 2GB of disk space and requires a mere 512MB of RAM to run.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Building a Kiosk Computer from Scratch][1]
|
||||
|
||||
The second tutorial comes at the process from the reverse, walking through the steps needed to transform an existing Ubuntu desktop install into a lighter single-purposed variant.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Convert Ubuntu to Kiosk Computer][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Neither guide is for the faint-hearted, but are simple enough for most intermediate-level users to follow. Follow the guides to get a functional setup, but don’t be afraid to strip out further packages and processes or double down on security, especially if intending to use an instance in a public space.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/create-ubuntu-kiosk
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://thepcspy.com/read/building-a-kiosk-computer-ubuntu-1404-chrome
|
||||
[2]:http://thepcspy.com/read/converting-ubuntu-desktop-to-kiosk/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
||||
What are better alternatives to basic command line utilities
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The command line can be scary especially at the beginning. You might even experience some command-line-induced nightmare. Over time, however, we all realize that the command line is actually not that scary, but extremely useful. In fact, the lack of shell is what gives me an ulcer every time I have to use Windows. The reason for the change in perception is that the command line tools are actually smart. The basic utilities, what you are given to work with on any Linux terminal, are very powerful. But very powerful is never enough. If you want to make your command line experience even more pleasant, here are a few applications that you can download to replace the default ones, and will provide you with far more features than the originals.
|
||||
|
||||
### dfc ###
|
||||
|
||||
As an LVM user, I really like to keep an eye on my hard drive memory usage. I also never really understood why in Windows we have to open the file explorer to know this basic information. Hopefully on Linux, we can use the command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ df -h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
which gives you the size, usage, free space, ratio, and mount point of every volume on your computer. Notice that you have to pass in the "-h" argument to get all the data in human readable format (gigabytes instead of kilobytes). But you can replace completely df with [dfc][1], which can, without any additional arguments, get you everything that df showed, and throw in a usage graph for each device, and a color code, which makes it a lot easier to read.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As a bonus, you can sort the volumes using the argument "-q", define the units that you want to see with "-u", and even export to csv or html format with "-e"
|
||||
|
||||
### dog ###
|
||||
|
||||
Dog is better than cat. At least that is what this program declares. You have to give it credit for once. Everything that the cat command does, [dog][2] does it better. Beyond just outputting some text stream to the console, dog is capable of filtering that stream. You can for example find all images in a web page by using the syntax:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dog --images [URL]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Or all the links with:
|
||||
|
||||
dog --links [URL]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Besides, dog commands can also do other smaller tasks, like convert to upper or lower case, use different encoding, display the line numbers, and deal with hexadecimal. In short, dog is a must-have to replace cat.
|
||||
|
||||
### advcp ###
|
||||
|
||||
One of the most basic command in Linux is the copy command: cp. It is probably as basic as cd. Yet it cruelly lacks feedback. You can enable the verbose mode to see which files are being copied in real time, but if one of the files is very big, you will be left waiting in front of your screen with no idea of what is really happening behind the scenes. An easy way to fix that is to add a progress bar: what advcp (short for advanced cp) does! Available as a [patched version][3] of the [GNU coreutils][4], advcopy provides you with the acp and amv commands, which are "advanced" versions of cp and mv. Use the syntax:
|
||||
|
||||
$ acp -g [file] [copy]
|
||||
|
||||
to copy a file to another location, and display a progress bar.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I also advise using an alias in your .barshrc or .zshrc
|
||||
|
||||
alias cp="acp -g"
|
||||
alias mv="amv -g"
|
||||
|
||||
### The Silver Searcher ###
|
||||
|
||||
Behind this atypical name, [the silver searcher][5] is a utility designed as a replacement for grep and [ack][6]. Intended to be faster than ack, and capable of ignoring files unlike grep, the silver searcher scrolls through your text file looking for the piece that you want. Among other features, it can spit out a colored output, follow symlink, use regular expressions, and even ignore some patterns.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The developers' website provides us with some benchmark statistic on the search speed which, if they are still true, are quite impressive. And cherry on the cake: you can include the utility in Vim in order to call it with a simple shortcut. In two words, smart and fast.
|
||||
|
||||
### plowshare ###
|
||||
|
||||
All fans of the command line like to use wget or one of its alternatives to download things from the internet. But if you use a lot of file sharing websites, like mediafire or rapidshare, you will be glad to know that there is an equivalent to wget dedicated to those websites, which is called [plowshare][7]. Once you install it, you can download files with:
|
||||
|
||||
$ plowdown [URL]
|
||||
|
||||
or upload them with:
|
||||
|
||||
$ plowup [website name] [file]
|
||||
|
||||
given that you have an account for that file sharing website.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, it is possible to gather information, such as a list of links contained in a shared folder with:
|
||||
|
||||
$ plowlist [URL]
|
||||
|
||||
or the filename, size, hash, etc, with:
|
||||
|
||||
$ plowprobe [URL]
|
||||
|
||||
plowshare is also a good alternative to the slow and excruciating jDownloader for those of you who are familiar with these services.
|
||||
|
||||
### htop ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you use top command regularly, chances are you will love [htop][8] command. Both top and htop offer a real-time view of running processes, but htop boasts of a number of user-friendly features lacking in top command. For example, with htop, you can scroll process list vertically or horizontally to see full command lines of every process, and can do basic process management (e.g., kill, (re)nice) using mouse clicks and arrow keys (without entering numeric PIDs).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To conclude, these kinds of tools, which efficiently replace basic command line utilities, are like little pearl of usefulness. They are not always easy to find, but once you've got one, you always wonder how you survived for so long without it. If you know any other utility fitting this description, please share in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/better-alternatives-basic-command-line-utilities.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Adrien Brochard][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/adrien
|
||||
[1]:http://projects.gw-computing.net/projects/dfc
|
||||
[2]:http://archive.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/dog/
|
||||
[3]:http://zwicke.org/web/advcopy/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher
|
||||
[6]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/search-text-files-patterns-efficiently.html
|
||||
[7]:https://code.google.com/p/plowshare/
|
||||
[8]:http://hisham.hm/htop/
|
||||
60
translated/news/20140731 Minimal Linux Live.md
Normal file
60
translated/news/20140731 Minimal Linux Live.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
|
||||
最精简Linux Live CD版本:Minimal Linux Live
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
最精简Linux Live是一系列基于[linux内核][1] 和 [BusyBox][2]的自动生成最精简 Live Linux 系统linux shell脚本。所有所需的源码已经自动地被下载，而且所有的生成操作已经完全被封装在脚本中了。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想定制属于自己的最精简Linux Live 的ISO镜像文件，以下是你需要做的:
|
||||
|
||||
- 从[下载][3]区域获得最新的脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
- 把脚本解压到文件夹下。
|
||||
|
||||
- 确保所有的脚本都可执行（可以使用命令chmod +x *.sh 添加可执行属性）
|
||||
|
||||
- 在开始生成过程之前，取决于你使用什么Linux系统,可能会有一个或者多个依赖库(也可能不需要，或者更多)需要处理.如果使用Ubuntu的话，以下命令应该足以生成所有需要的依赖库:
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install wget
|
||||
sudo apt-get install make
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gcc
|
||||
sudo apt-get install bc
|
||||
sudo apt-get install syslinux
|
||||
sudo apt-get install genisoimage
|
||||
|
||||
- 执行脚本 **build_minimal_linux_live.sh** 然后等待完成。如果你已经处理好所有的生成依赖库,那么在一台现代计算机上全部的过程耗费时间应该不超过30分钟。如果由于某些原因生成失败，最可能的应该是没有处理好生成依赖库。一些用户反应到生成所必需的包将会处理所有ubuntu上未知的生成依赖问题。如果使用Linux Mint 而且正在尝试安装 g++ 包，如果你依然遇到很多问题，那么你可以尝试安装必需包。在Fedora系统上你可能需要安装 glibc-static包。
|
||||
|
||||
请记得所有的生成依赖库由于你使用的Linux操作系统和已经安装的软件不同将会发生很大的变化。
|
||||
|
||||
如果依然有问题，请检查失败信息然后在google上搜索一下。如果你找不到解决方案，你可以询问一些更有经验的linux专家(如果你认识的话),或者另外一个选择是联系我们。请确保在发送给我们之前，你已经提前研究过这个问题。
|
||||
|
||||
- 当脚本完成它们的工作，你将会在执行脚本的同目录下发现一个新创建的**minimal_linux_live.iso** 文件。你可以烧录iso镜像到CD/DVD，通过[Universal USB Installer][4]工具安装到USB闪存设备，或者直接在PC的虚拟机上运行，例如[VirtualBox][5]。
|
||||
|
||||
生成的ISO镜像文件包括使用默认选项编译的linux内核,使用默认选项编译的BusyBox和非常轻量级的initramfs。这意味着你不需要 另辟蹊径去获得windows支持，也不需要使用任何花哨的桌面环境。你所需要的只是一个支持BusyBox applets 的shell控制台，和……好吧。这些就够了。这就是为什么称它为 "最精简"。
|
||||
|
||||
最好的消息是不仅操作系统很小很简单，而且生成脚本也同样的小巧玲珑。你可以很轻松地从脚本学习，并且修改他们去包含更多内容(我是很鼓励你这样做).在你学习完这些基础以后你将会拥有所有所必须的工具和技能去创造你自己功能完善的linux操作系统！完全从零开始!是不是帅呆了!?:)
|
||||
|
||||
这篇教程提供了更详细的脚本内部结构以及全部的生成过程，我鼓励你们如果有时间的话就去通读这个文档。
|
||||
|
||||
下面你会看到一些屏幕截图，它们展示了当你启动你的新一代 Minimal Linux Live 操作系统时的环境情况。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://minimal.linux-bg.org/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[lfzark](https://github.com/lfzark)
|
||||
校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://kernel.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://busybox.net/
|
||||
[3]:http://minimal.linux-bg.org/#
|
||||
[4]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://virtualbox.org/
|
||||
@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
|
||||
|
||||
Got Linux? Add Proprietary Code
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 对于一些产业来讲，在开源的Linux发行版上运行商业版的软件并不类外。--这很常见,例如，在华尔街，“华尔街上百分之九十九的应用依赖于商业版的软件。在我们运行在Linux上的产品中，Oracle是我们最喜欢的一种商业软件”， FSMLabs' President Victor Yodaiken说。
|
||||
|
||||
迁移到Linux平台并不是一个非此即彼的提议。作为一个计算机平台，Linux是非常灵活的。它提供给用户一个自定义的软件菜单选项。
|
||||
|
||||
一种选择是Linux桌面。家庭个人用户，SOHO 和 SMB 操作可以从众多的企业级Linux发行版中选择。Linux桌面系统提供了一个0成本或者成本很低的替代，相对于微软系统来讲，或者是基于Unix的苹果OS X系统依赖苹果硬件的局限性。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个替换的办法是，让员工放弃linux桌面办公，取而代之，企业可以运行后台办公系统在Linux服务器上。Linux服务器在网络化和云计算领域有一个缜密和强大的空间。Linux服务器在很多企业中应用很广。
|
||||
|
||||
第三个方法是运行一个完整的Linux商店，斯坦达德办公中心运作的软件在开源包，网络浏览，图形产生方面非常有用。开源的数据库应用和和后台软件及服务器连接相当频繁，在此方面，Linux不需要购入特殊硬件来支持。
|
||||
|
||||
培训员工使用Linux桌面应用需求量很小。感谢工作者对跨平台软件的友好支持。例如LibreOffice 和 Open Office, 同样的，Chrome和 Firefox浏览器。前端办公交互很少漏掉。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux很灵活。一个新的趋势是生产适合你企业需要的第三方软件。商业软件公司可以再编译必要的WIndow或者其它平台软件。他们也可以生产Linux任务应用将现成的资源和他们自己的代码结合到一起。
|
||||
|
||||
“我相信这将是一个新的趋势，企业可以用第三方软件在Linux系统上进行开发。推动企业向Linux迁移并使用定制的软件的一个因素便是支付微软的专利费用的财政负担”，Dayan Jeremiah ，[Icewarp Pacific][1] 的 CEO 说。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Does Proprietary ###
|
||||
|
||||
一个公司向任何一个系统迁移的时候所面临的最大障碍是监测应用的通用性。在迁移到Linux上时，企业不得不保证软件在Liunx上通用。Jeremiah强调
|
||||
|
||||
Linux操作系统有一个多类型和Linux桌面系统软件库。根据不同的行业，大量的开源社区可能没有为每一个特殊的任务指定一种方案。在这种情况下， 借助于第三方软件来推出自己的应用往往更节约成本。
|
||||
|
||||
“使用第三方软件有助于保证兼容性，例如，我们可以混合和匹配软件组件来保证应用在Linux上运行” ，Jeremiah 说。
|
||||
|
||||
### 旧的模型产生新模型 ###
|
||||
|
||||
越来越多的专有软件公司，例如爱思华宝，建立特殊的软件来满足企业特殊的业务需求，他们将许多开源组件混合在一起使用。
|
||||
|
||||
与微软的基础设施相比，不仅节省了许可成本，还节省了编码成本。
|
||||
|
||||
“我们可以建立一个完整的软件方案，使用现成的Linux软件组件，整个解决方案往往更节省成本，高效，稳定。” Jermaih强调。
|
||||
|
||||
Icewarp不开发专门的软件作为免费的开源项目，它不提供免费版，需要付费支持。你需要付费购买它。
|
||||
|
||||
### 代码移植 ###
|
||||
|
||||
把软件从一个平台移植到另一个平台并与Liunx兼容的一个障碍是Liunx的多样化，依据Jacob Loveless, CEO of [Lucera][2]的观点。Linux操作系统拥有一个通用kernel,但是有很多多样化。
|
||||
|
||||
“当软件公司不得不在多个Linux系统中交叉编译时，问题进一步加深。”伴随着微软Exchange 服务器的类外，大多数数据库运行良好。Mysql和postSql可能是最突出的两个开源版本。
|
||||
|
||||
在软件移植到Linux的最大挑战，是需要重新编译代码，通常有平台相关的事情你不得不去做。他说。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，如果你有特殊的代码底层依赖，对于window来讲，.net 或者其它语言，运行在Linux的开源编译器并不总是兼容，因此你有很多软件工作需要重做，Loveless说道。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个例子是使用数据库。你经常不得不连接到一个不同的数据库和一个不同的web服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
有明确的工作要做，Loverless说道。
|
||||
|
||||
### 许多还不够 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在移植到Linux上时，另一个兼容性问题是开源软件公司的需求。
|
||||
|
||||
没有足够的开源方案来解决企业的专业需求， IceWarp 的Jeremiah说，通常来讲，我们认为是足够的，目前还没有被专门的软件应用来提供，而第三方不能提供的软件。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，IceWarp最近建立了一个特殊的Linux兼容应用，不需要额外的硬件采购，没有额外的许可费用。
|
||||
|
||||
特殊的软件包括一个集群负载均衡。集群数据库和集群IP服务器，所有的这一切都运行在一个标准的红帽企业版Linux或者CentOS Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 跟着钱走 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在一些情况下，你可以跟着前找到Linux。有时它是Linux服务器在工业中有很高的用途。另一些时候，它是Linux桌面应用，或者两者都有。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，在金融市场中，时间同步是关键。金融依靠分布式网络，用户不得不在指定的时间内完成交易。其它的应用需要在交易前进行精确的计时。这些功能需要精确的时间同步控制。Victor Yodaiken 说，[FSMLabs][3] 的总裁。
|
||||
|
||||
当FSMLabs 开始开发时间同步软件，Yodaiken期待很快会拥有一个Windows版本。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，被证实每一个在使用自动交易或者低延迟交易，甚至是采集高精度数据软件的人，都运行的是Linux系统，他告诉LinuxInsider.
|
||||
|
||||
### 时间是昂贵的 ###
|
||||
|
||||
FSMLabs 将专有的代码运行在Linux上，建立在Linux上的软件时间协议不适用同步时间在纳秒级别的应用，比如那些追踪股票，或者交易的需求。
|
||||
|
||||
“我认为Linux的在Windows之上，因为Windows没有一个标准的API让你获取时间在毫秒级别以下。”所以Window并不是真的都好。你不得不拥有特殊的API，在Linux下。你不需要费力在你的应用程序上。Yodaiken 说。
|
||||
|
||||
金融市场是第一个拥抱Linux的。许多早期的系统管理者来自80年代的[贝尔实验室][4]，因此这是一个很成熟的市场，他说。
|
||||
|
||||
### 满足需求 ###
|
||||
|
||||
对于一些产业来说，在开源的Linux发型版上运行有专利的软件并不意外，这是很常见的。
|
||||
|
||||
“华尔街99%的应用都运行在有专利的产品上。在我们运行在Linux的产品中，我们很喜欢Oracle，它有一个专利许可。”FSMLabs' Yodaiken说。
|
||||
|
||||
一些市场运行Linux需要跟更多专业的软件，相比开源的产品，现存的开源软件不能满足他们的需求。这也就是为什么软件开发者为企业Linux提供商业的产品。他补充道。
|
||||
|
||||
“这是很常见的，开源最适合大市场，这就是为什么他们具有广泛的需求。没有几人总是对的。如果他们不对，需要告诉他们” 他指出。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux纯粹主义是没有意义的 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux上运行完全免费开源的软件的观念是欠缺的，有时候你要运行专利软件。
|
||||
|
||||
当一个专业的计算不需要进入广泛市场时，第三方软件开发者提供一个专有的，商业的或者闭源的解决方案。由于商业持续地适应Linux系统，绝对的开源将成为过去的事情。
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux上拥有商业软件是相当普遍的，Yodaiken说，商人都不是纯粹主义者，他们只想解决问题。
|
||||
|
||||
Jack M. Germain从早期的苹果二和PC的时候就一直在写计算机技术。他保留着一些原始的IBM PC和一些传统的DOC系统，和Windows盒子，他抛弃了共享程序，走向开源Linux世界.他运行一些Windows系统和Linux系统，经常不能决定是否用他的平板电脑或者安卓智能手机替代他的桌面系统或者便携式电脑。你可以在Google+上联系到他。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80555.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.icewarp.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://lucerahq.com
|
||||
[3]:http://www.fsmlabs.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.bell-labs.com/
|
||||
@ -1,197 +1,193 @@
|
||||
translating by disylee 20140701
|
||||
110 Fun Open Source Games and Apps
|
||||
110款开源游戏和应用
|
||||
110款有趣的开源游戏和应用
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
让我们再次庆祝，这个夏天伴随着一系列最好的开源游戏到来。我们已经更新了[去年的列表][1]把新开发的添加进来，这样更好地把一些不再积极开发之中的旧游戏从列表中剔除。你会发现街机、平板、休闲、拼图、益智和第一人称射击游戏，音乐，赛车，角色扮演，冒险，模拟器和战略游戏等，它们也像一些应用程序一样并非真正的游戏但是仍然非常有趣。
|
||||
让我们再次庆祝，这个夏天伴随着一系列最好的开源游戏到来。我们已经更新了[去年的列表][1]，把新开发的添加进来，与此同时把一些不再处于积极开发之中的旧游戏从列表中剔除。你能从其中找到街机、棋盘、休闲、拼图、益智、第一人称射击游戏、音乐、赛车、角色扮演、冒险、模拟器和战略游戏等，也有少量其实并非真正的游戏的应用程序，但它们同样非常有趣。
|
||||
|
||||
今年，比以往有更多的开源游戏可用于移动设备上，主要是安卓设备上。希望未来几年，这种趋势一直保存下去。
|
||||
今年，有比以往有更多的开源游戏可用于移动设备上，主要是安卓设备。这种趋势，很有希望在未来几年一直保存下去。
|
||||
|
||||
请注意，这个列表是不按排名的。这些应用程序被放在目录中并按照字母顺序放在每个类别里。
|
||||
请注意，这个列表并不是排行榜。这些应用程序被分别归类，并在每个类别中按照字母顺序排列。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想建议明年游戏列表的版本，请随时注意在下面的评论区提出。
|
||||
如果你想给明年的游戏列表推荐一个游戏，请随时在下面的评论区中留言。
|
||||
|
||||
### Arcade Games ###
|
||||
### 街机游戏 ###
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. [安迪的超级大公园][2] ####
|
||||
|
||||
当你乘坐过山车时，你需要抓到气球并且避开障碍物。里面有25个等级，加上18个你可以解锁的等级以获取高分。可使用操作系统：Windows，Linux或者安卓。
|
||||
你乘坐在过山车上躲避着障碍物，同时去抓取气球。其中有25个基础关卡，加上18个你可以通过获得高分来解锁的额外关卡。可使用操作系统：Windows，Linux或者安卓。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. [Armagetron Advanced][3] ####
|
||||
|
||||
一个3D电子争霸克隆，这个游戏激起你去指导一个光周期直到你撞上一堵墙。它支持单机模式和16人参与的网络模式。可使用操作系统：Windows，Linux，OS X或者安卓。
|
||||
一个3D复刻电影《创（Tron）》的游戏，这个游戏的挑战是让你操控你的轻型摩托，让对手们比你自己更早地撞上墙。它支持单机模式和最多可16人参与的网络模式。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux，OS X或者安卓。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. 塔克大战夺取旗帜 ####
|
||||
#### 3. [BZFlag][4] ####
|
||||
|
||||
众所周知的“战场夺旗”，“BZflag是一个流行的在线坦克游戏。自1992年开发以来，它具备3D图形化特征，多种游戏模式和多人竞争比赛等特征。可使用操作系统：Windows，Linux，OS X或者安卓。
|
||||
也就是众所周知的“战场夺旗”，BZflag是一个热门的在线坦克游戏。它自1992年开始开发，现在具备了3D画面、多种游戏模式和多人竞争比赛等特性。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux，OS X或者安卓。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. [纵向卷轴射击游戏] [5] ####
|
||||
#### 4. [Chromium B.S.U.] [5] ####
|
||||
|
||||
别让这个名字就把你愚弄了，这和Chromium browser浏览器无关。这是一款快节奏、顶部滚动射击的游戏，其难度在于设置，而且这个游戏不回超过15分钟。可使用操作系统：Windows，Linux。
|
||||
别被这个名字骗过了，它和Chromium浏览器没有任何关系。这是一款快节奏的纵向卷轴射击游戏，它的难点在于如何进行合理的设置，以让游戏中的战斗能在15分钟内结束。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. [埃德加的传说][6] ####
|
||||
|
||||
埃德加的传说是一个旧派的游戏平台，主角必须通过克服障碍和敌人来完成他的任务。它包含了很多不同的武器、很多不同等级。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
埃德加的传说是一个老式平台的游戏，主角必须通过克服障碍、打倒敌人来完成他的任务。它包含了许多不同的武器和大量的关卡。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. [JVGS][7] ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
取代非常详细的图形，JVGS只要一个最低限度方法使其中画中人物跨越景观，看起来就像使用铅笔的手工绘制。在这个不寻常的游戏中，主角是一个失去记忆的诗人。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
比起非常精细的画面，JVGS选择了采用最抽象的方式，用简笔画风格贯穿全部画面，看起来就像使用铅笔手工绘制而成。在这个不寻常的游戏中，主角是一个失去记忆的诗人。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. [失重力][8] ####
|
||||
#### 7. [失重][8] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这是基于空间的街机射击游戏，玩家需要在8002年份中，他们必须完成各种各样的任务。但是，这个游戏不是免费的，游戏也可以在安卓和IOS中使用。适用操作系统有：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
这个以太空为背景的街机射击游戏，带领玩家前往8002年的未来，在未来世界中他们必须完成各种各样的任务。可以一提的是，这个游戏也可以在安卓和IOS中使用，但并不是免费的。适用操作系统有：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. [Open Sonic][9] ####
|
||||
#### 8. [开源索尼克][9] ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
基于刺猬索尼克游戏，Open Sonic提供了合作的游戏，用户可以同时控制3个字符。其中只有2个级别可以在原始游戏中使用，但是很多游戏粉丝们已经建立了mods提供额外的发挥。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和OS X.
|
||||
在刺猬索尼克游戏的基础上，开源索尼克新增了协作的玩法，即玩家用户可以同时控制3个角色。原始的游戏版本只有两个关卡，但是很多游戏粉丝们已经创建了不少可玩的额外模组。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9. [Powermanga][10] ####
|
||||
|
||||
类是于旧街机游戏Galaga,Powermanga是一款2D，顶部滚动的空间射击游戏。它拥有超过41个等级，并能够在旧的硬件上运行。适用操作系统：Linux。
|
||||
类似于老式街机游戏《小蜜蜂》，Powermanga是一款2D的、纵向卷轴的太空射击游戏。它拥有超过41个关卡，并能够在更旧的硬件环境上运行。适用操作系统：Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10. [Scorched3D][11] ####
|
||||
#### 10. [焦土战争3D][11] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Scorched3D是一款现代的基于DOS的游戏Scorched星球，最引人瞩目的是它出色的图形。你可以适用单机模式或者连接到许多网络服务器使用多玩家行动。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
焦土战争3D是DOS游戏《焦土战争》的一个现代重制版，最引人瞩目的是它出色的画面。你可以玩单机模式，或者连接到它的许多网络服务器之一，来进行多玩家联机模式。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11. [音速机器人大爆炸][12] ####
|
||||
#### 11. [索尼克机器大战 2][12] ####
|
||||
|
||||
另一款声波风格的平台游戏，SRB2是一种采用了Doom引擎内置的3D平台游戏。它包括了2个不同的游戏角色和超过20个等级。适用操作系统：Linux。
|
||||
另一款基于刺猬索尼克的平台游戏，SRB2是一款采用了Doom引擎创建的3D平台游戏。它包括了3个不同的可操控角色和超过20个关卡。适用操作系统：Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12. [SuperTux][13] ####
|
||||
#### 12. [超级Tux][13] ####
|
||||
|
||||
SuperTux很像旧款的马里奥兄弟游戏，但是是以Linux的小企鹅成为主人公。这是一个2D横向卷轴的平台游戏，有9个不同的敌人和26个等级可以玩。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和OS X.
|
||||
超级Tux很像经典的马里奥兄弟游戏，不过是以Linux的小企鹅Tux作为主人公。这是一个2D横向卷轴的平台游戏，其中有9种不同的敌人和26个关卡可以玩。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13. [Those Funny Funguloids][14] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这是一款挑战玩家在太空手机蘑菇的游戏。该网站称：“在此之前从未听说过手机蘑菇。至少不是在外太空。真的，它更是一种生活而不是一个游戏。适用操作系统：Windows和Linux.
|
||||
这个独一无二的游戏让玩家挑战在太空中收集蘑菇。该网站称：“此前从未有收集蘑菇的游戏能如此有趣。至少不是在外太空。它比起游戏更像是一种生活方式，相信我。”适用操作系统：Windows和Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14. [Teeworlds][15] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这个在线游戏把自己描述成一个“复古的多人射击游戏”。它是一个横向卷轴的2D游戏，支持多达16名选手和几个不同的游戏模式。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
这个在线游戏将自己描述成一个“怀旧多人射击游戏”。它是一个横向卷轴的2D游戏，可支持多达16名玩家和许多不同的游戏模式。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15. [X摩托][16] ####
|
||||
|
||||
在这个游戏中，你骑着一辆摩托车通过一个侧面滚动的风景区，同时收集草莓并避免高低不平的“破坏者”。这看起来是比较难！适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
在这个游戏中，你要骑着一辆摩托车闯过一个横向卷轴地图，同时收集草莓并躲开凶残的“肇事者”。它玩起来比看起来要难！适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16. [Yo Frankie!][17] ####
|
||||
#### 16. [鼯鼠弗兰基!][17] ####
|
||||
|
||||
通过混合开源3D动画工具创造的，呦羊羊特征角色是从开源电影Peach来的。玩家必须指导羊羊，糖滑翔机或者Momo，一只猴子，来回或者环绕并通过一个非常细致的3D环境中的障碍物。适用操作系统： Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
使用Blender开源3D动画工具开发，鼯鼠弗兰基的特色是角色来源于开源电影Peach。玩家必须操控弗兰基——一只蜜袋鼯鼠，或者Momo——一只猴子，在非常精美的3D环境中跳过、绕过或者穿过各种障碍物。适用操作系统： Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
### 棋类游戏 ###
|
||||
### 棋盘游戏 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 17. [Domination][18] ####
|
||||
#### 17. [统治][18] ####
|
||||
|
||||
基于Java支配带来的棋牌游戏可能会对你的PC或者安卓设备造成风险。最新版本中可以让你实时与你Google+的朋友通过谷歌游戏服务发挥多人游戏服务功能。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux, OS X和 Android.
|
||||
基于Java的《统治》为你的PC或安卓设备带来了棋盘游戏《Risk》。最新版本中通过谷歌游戏服务的支持，让你能与你的Google+好友们进行实时的多人游戏。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux, OS X和 Android.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 18. [GNU 十五子棋][19] ####
|
||||
#### 18. [GNU 西洋双陆棋][19] ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个“世界级”十五子棋引擎让你每一次都更好地挑战它，并且它会分析你的战况来帮助你玩得更好。这个借口是非常好的图形化定制。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
这个“世界级”的西洋双陆棋引擎，当你每次挑战它的时候，它都会变得更强，并且它能够分析你的战术来帮助你玩得更好。它的界面很棒，并且还支持个性化定制。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 19. [3D 拼字游戏][20] ####
|
||||
|
||||
随着拼字游戏的变化，你可以选择自己的电路板——经典版本。Superscrabble是一款3D的拼字游戏，您可以通过它定制你自己的电路板。玩家可以对战AI或者连到在线服务器上进行多人游戏。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
在这个拼字游戏的变体版本中，你可以选择自己的图板——经典版、超级拼字版、3D拼字版或者你自定义的图板。玩家可以与AI对战，或者连接到在线服务器上进行多人游戏。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 20. [PokerTH][21] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个高质量的德州扑克牌应用程序，拥有优秀的、可定制的界面。想要在线玩或者看看你和其它对手的排名，只需要在Poker-Heroes.com在线注册。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X，Android系统。
|
||||
这个高品质的德州扑克应用程序拥有优秀的、可定制的界面。想要在线玩并看看你相对于其他玩家的排名，可以前往[Poker-Heroes.com][112]在线注册。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X，Android系统。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 21. [PySolFC][22] ####
|
||||
|
||||
你知道吗，接龙有1000多种类型？这个强大的集合功能“使用52张国际格局甲板模式，比赛为78张Tarock夹板，8和10套装备，Ganjiafa游戏，花札游戏，棋牌游戏、麻将游戏和原始十六进制为基础的平台”。适用操作系统: Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
你知道单人纸牌游戏有超过1000种玩法吗？这个大合辑包含“使用52张纸牌的国际标准纸牌游戏、使用78张纸牌的塔罗纸牌游戏、8张或10张一套的印度双骰游戏、花札游戏、矩阵游戏、麻将游戏和一种原创的基于十六进制的纸牌游戏”。适用操作系统: Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 休闲益智游戏 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 22. [2048][23] ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个简单而上瘾的益智游戏，玩家围绕着方格里喜欢的数字组合。当你将组合数字累加到2048时，你就赢了。适用操作系统：在线，IOS或者安卓。
|
||||
在这个简单却容易上瘾的益智游戏中，玩家需要来回挪动方块来合并数字等。当你将数字累加到2048时，你就赢了。适用操作系统：在线，IOS或者安卓。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 23. [台球][24] ####
|
||||
|
||||
台球游戏的主要目的是当你不能够拥有一张可用的台球桌时，给现实中能够让你练习球杆运动。它拥有一个好看的3D界面，同时也可以在不具备良好图形界面的2D系统中运行。适用操作系统：Linux。
|
||||
《台球》这个游戏的目标是希望做到足够真实，让你在没有一张可用的台球桌时也够能进行台球杆的运动练习。它拥有一个好看的3D界面，同时也可以在没有良好图形处理能力的系统中以2D形式运行。适用操作系统：Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 24. [立方火车][25] ####
|
||||
#### 24. [立方体列车][25] ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
躺在连接隧道和桥梁的铁轨，然后机动绕过障碍物。你可以万很多内置等级的或者创建你属于自己的等级。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux或者OS X。
|
||||
铺设铁轨来连接隧道和桥梁，同时采取各种策略绕过障碍物。你可以挑战其中大量的内置关卡，或者自己创建一个。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux或者OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 25. [谜语][26] ####
|
||||
|
||||
类似于旧Oxyd和摇滚乐的游戏，谜语挑战者在相同的石头中找到迷宫，陷进，激光束和其他障碍。这个游戏拥有1000多个等级，这也是一款益智游戏，可能占用你一段很长时间。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
类似于以前《Oxyd and Rock'n'Roll》系列游戏，Enigma让玩家挑战从迷宫、陷阱、激光束和其它障碍之间找出配对的石头。这个游戏拥有1000多个关卡，这是一款能让你沉迷很长很长时间的解密游戏。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 26. [Fish Fillets NG][27] ####
|
||||
|
||||
在这个益智游戏中，玩家必须尝试分别在这70个等级中各找到一条安全路径。一路上，鱼类和其它水下居民提供相关用户的幽默解说。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
在这个解谜游戏中，玩家必须尝试在70个关卡中分别找到一条安全的通关路径。一路上，鱼类和其它水下居民会对玩家的操作提出幽默的解说。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 27. [冰冻泡泡][28] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这是最古老的泡沫射击游戏中的一个，冰冻泡沫是以Linux小企鹅和多于100多个级别为特征的单机游戏。你也可以通过局域网或者互联网对阵2~5个玩家。适用操作系统：Windows和Linux。
|
||||
作为最古老的泡泡射击游戏之一，冰冻泡沫以Linux小企鹅Tux和超过100个单人游戏关卡为特色。你也可以通过局域网或者互联网对阵2~5个玩家。适用操作系统：Windows和Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 28. [GnomeGames][29] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这个集合汇聚了15个不同的休闲游戏，你可以在5分钟以内玩。它包括了数独，一个扫雷游戏，麻将，一个黑白棋版本等等。适用操作系统：Linux。
|
||||
这个合辑包含了15个不同的休闲游戏，这些游戏你都可以只花五分钟或更少的时间来玩。它包括了数独、一个扫雷游戏、麻将和一个版本的黑白棋等等。适用操作系统：Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 29. [切番茄][30] ####
|
||||
#### 29. [番茄炸弹超人][30] ####
|
||||
|
||||
10分钟内，你可以粉碎多少个西红柿？这种“极端闲暇时间的活动”来自同一个叫做Those Funny Funguloids的团队。适用操作系统： Windows和 Linux.
|
||||
10分钟内，你能够粉碎多少个西红柿？这个“特别闲的时候玩的东西”和《Those Funny Funguloids》由同一个的团队打造。适用操作系统： Windows和 Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 30. [KDE 游戏][31] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这是为KDE桌面准备的休闲游戏的集合。它包含了一个游戏纸牌的变化，一个高尔夫游戏，一个风险版本，扫雷艇，数度等等。适用操作系统：Windows和Linux。
|
||||
这是一个KDE桌面上的休闲游戏合辑。它包含了一个变体纸牌游戏、一个版本的打砖块、一个高尔夫游戏、一个版本的Risk、一个扫雷，还有数独等等。适用操作系统：Windows和Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 31. [平衡球][32] ####
|
||||
#### 31. [Neverball][32] ####
|
||||
|
||||
在这个游戏中，玩家必须倾斜地板去引导球通过障碍球场。这个游戏包括很多级别，并且你可以设计自己的级别。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X。
|
||||
在这个游戏中，玩家必须倾斜地板去引导球通过障碍场地。这个游戏包括许多关卡，并且你可以设计自己的关卡。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 32. [Pingus][33] ####
|
||||
#### 32. [疯狂小企鹅][33] ####
|
||||
|
||||
你是否还话费数个小时玩旅鼠总动员来追忆的你90年代？如果这样的话，Pingus会更适合你。这是旅鼠的翻拍（企鹅取代了旅鼠）有77个级别。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
在90年代时，你是否曾经花费数个小时去玩《疯狂小旅鼠》？如果是这样的话，Pingus就是为你而设计的。它是《疯狂小旅鼠》的一个复刻版（使用企鹅替代了旅鼠），有77个关卡。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 33. [易如反掌][34] ####
|
||||
#### 33. [推倒][34] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这个益智游戏的特点是蚂蚁来推排成各种团的多米若骨牌。玩家必须让所有多米诺骨牌倒下，并通过出口，为的是发送一个特别的触发信号来进入新的等级。适用操作系统：Windows。
|
||||
这个解谜游戏的特色是，让蚂蚁来推倒具有各种不同图案的多米诺骨牌。玩家必须让所有多米诺骨牌倒下，并将一个特殊的触发信号发送至出口，这样才能进入下一关。适用操作系统：Windows。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 34. [Zaz][35] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这是另一款泡沫射手游戏，Zaz挑战你沿着他们设定的路径击中球。其转折点是你的枪炮只能沿着一条路径移动，这样使事情变得有点难度了。适用操作系统：Windows和Linux。
|
||||
这是另一款泡泡射击游戏，Zaz让你挑战射击一些沿着预定路线前进的小球。其独到之处是你的发射器也是沿着一条预定路径移动着的，这样就让各种操作变得更难一些了。适用操作系统：Windows和Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
### 教育类游戏 ###
|
||||
### 益智游戏 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 35. [ChildsPlay][36] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这个游戏专门有5岁及一下的小孩设计，ChildsPlay帮助教一些发音，字母，数字和基础键盘技巧。它也包括了一些游戏，例如记忆，乒乓球和吃豆豆。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
ChildsPlay专为5岁及以下的儿童设计，能够帮助指导他们发音、字母、数字和基础的键盘技巧。它也包括了一些游戏，例如记忆游戏、打砖块和吃豆豆。适用操作系统：Windows，Linux和OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 36. [GBrainy][37] ####
|
||||
|
||||
通过GBrainy的逻辑，训练你的词汇、数学和记忆游戏的意识。它充满了乐趣和教育意义，适合所有年龄段的人群。适用操作系统：Windows和 Linux.
|
||||
通过GBrainy中的逻辑、词汇、数学和记忆游戏，来锻炼你的思维。它对于所有年龄段的玩家来说，都会十分有趣并且有益头脑。适用操作系统：Windows和 Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 37. [GCompris][38] ####
|
||||
|
||||
专为2~10岁的儿童射击， GCompris 包括了超过100多种but的活动，其中大多数是教育类的。它包括数学，地理，科学，阅读，敲键盘和艺术游戏，再加上国际象棋，数独，记忆法等等。适用操作系统：Wwindows和Linux。
|
||||
专为2~10岁的儿童设计，GCompris包含了超过100种不同的游戏，其中大多数是教育性质的。它包括数学、地理、科学、阅读、敲键盘和艺术游戏，再加上国际象棋、数独、记忆游戏等等。适用操作系统：Wwindows和Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 38. [TuxMath][39] ####
|
||||
|
||||
在即将到来的彗星杀死企鹅之前迅速解决算数问题。这是一个简单的游戏用于强化小学学龄的数学真相。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
在即将到来的彗星杀死企鹅之前迅速地解决数学问题。这个简单的游戏能够强化小学年龄段学生们的数学能力。适用操作系统：Windows, Linux和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
### 第一人称射击游戏 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 39. [外星人竞技场][40] ####
|
||||
|
||||
内置的“专为手榴弹攻击者的手榴弹，”外星人竞技场是一个激烈的充满复古题材的死亡争斗射击者。许多不同的网站为线上游戏提供了托管服务器，也有很多粉丝网站和玩家技巧等等。适用操作系统：Linux, Windows和 OS X.
|
||||
被设计为“以弹药对抗弹药”，《外星人竞技场》是有着复古科幻主题的一场紧张的死亡竞争射击枪战。许多不同的网站为联机游戏提供了托管服务器，也有很多记录了各种游戏技巧等等的粉丝网站。适用操作系统：Linux, Windows和 OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 40. [AssaultCube][41] ####
|
||||
|
||||
由于它的轻量级，AssaultCube也可以在旧硬件上运行，除了拥有不错的真实感图形之外。它还支持单机模式和多玩家游戏模式，包括了26张不同的地图和12种不同的游戏模式。适用操作系统：Linux，Wwindows和OS X。
|
||||
因其轻量级，即使拥有非常不错的真实感画面，AssaultCube仍然能在更旧的硬件设备上运行。它支持单人和多人游戏，包括了26张不同的地图和12种不同的游戏模式。适用操作系统：Linux，Wwindows和OS X。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 41. [经典 Nexuiz][42] ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -613,3 +609,4 @@ via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/110-fun-open-source-games-and-apps-1.
|
||||
[109]:http://lcars24.com/
|
||||
[110]:http://stellarium.org/
|
||||
[111]:http://tuxpaint.org/
|
||||
[112]:http://www.poker-heroes.com/register.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
||||
diff -u: 内核开发里的新鲜事儿
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
偶尔总会有人指出Linux中的POSIX违规（注：violation此处暂译为违规，若不妥，请修正），通常的回答是修复违规问题，但有时李纳斯·托瓦兹认为POSIX特性是不完整的，至少他们维护Linux特性的情形下是这样的。因此，他们或许应该构建一层POSIX兼容层，即便这个分层会相对较慢和低效。
|
||||
|
||||
这一次，*迈克尔·凯利斯克*报告了一个影响文件操作的POSIX违规。显然，在多线程操作期间读写文件会导致竞争出现，重写其它操作的改变。
|
||||
|
||||
关于这是否是POSIX的一个违规存在一些讨论，但到最后又有谁关心呢？数据重写是很糟糕的。在迈克尔提交部分代码去重现这个问题后，讨论的问题集中到该做什么去修复它。但迈克尔确实提出了“Linux从早期开始就与UNIX不一致。（如在1992年版的史蒂夫的APUE的191页讨论到fork()操作后在父进程与子进程之间文件偏移量的共享问题。尽管史蒂夫没有显式地讲清楚一致性的保证，但缺乏这个保证的推论这里的讨论可能有些没意义。）”的观点。
|
||||
|
||||
艾尔·维洛和李纳斯一起设法解决这个修复。李纳斯尝试引入一个简单的互斥量去锁住文件，以便写操作无法互相重写。艾尔提出了自己的改进以改善李纳斯的补丁。
|
||||
|
||||
李纳斯一度解释过这个故障自身的历史。显然，从前这个用来告诉系统去哪里写文件的文件指针已经被锁在一个信号量中，所以只有一个进程可以在某一时刻对这个文件做任何操作。但是，他们从中拿走了这个信号量，以便在任何时候可以适应设备文件和其它非常规文件，因为当用户被禁止写入其中时它们就会陷入竞争状态。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是错误的由来。那时候，它悄悄通过了检查，未被发现。因为实际上对常规文件的读写仍然由内核自动处理。只有文件指针自身可以避免同步。而且，因为高速线程化的文件操作是一个非常罕见的需求，所以对任何人来说都需要很长时间才能遇到这个问题并报告它。
|
||||
|
||||
一个有趣的小细节是当李纳斯和艾尔在寻找一个修复方案时，艾尔一度抱怨李纳斯采用的方法并不能支持确定的架构，包括*ARM*和*PowerPC*。李纳斯的回应是“我怀疑关心这个是否有意义。[...]如果使用ARM/PPC架构的人停止抱怨，他们可以往gcc中加入struct-return的支持。”
|
||||
|
||||
看到这些问题突然产生并得到处理通常是很有趣的。在某些情况下，这个修复的部分工作必须在内核中进行，部分在GCC中，部分在其它地方。在这个特例里，艾尔认为整个事情都应该在内核里处理，他在灵感的激发下往补丁中写入了自己的版本，李纳斯也接受了。
|
||||
|
||||
*安迪·克伦*则想为*perf*增加底层CPU事件支持。问题在于这可能会导致大量的底层事件，而且会因CPU的变化而改变。即使为了所有类型的CPU把可能的时间都存储在内存里，也可能会显著地增加内核的运行大小。因此，把这个信息硬编码进内核的方法是有问题的。
|
||||
|
||||
他也指出*OProfile*工具依赖于这些时间的公开可用列表，尽管他表示OProfile开发者并非总维持他们的列表与最新的可用版本一致。
|
||||
|
||||
为了解决这些问题，安迪提交了一个补丁，允许perf识别在给定的系统上为特定的CPU需要那种事件列表，并自动从起始位置下载这个列表的最新版本。然后perf可以解释这个列表并分析其中的事件，不会使内核负载过重。
|
||||
|
||||
有各种各样对安迪代码的反馈，其中大部分涉及到应该在哪个目录下保存事件列表和文件如何命名。这份代码本身的特性似乎得到了很好的回应。一处细节证明了安迪的代码比其他人的更有争议，就是将列表下载到用户家目录下的一个子目录。安迪表示如果不这样做的话，用户可能会以系统管理员的身份去下载事件列表，这会是危害安全的操作。
|
||||
|
||||
萨沙·莱文最近发布了一个脚本来从堆栈转储中把*十六进制的偏移量*翻译成有意义的指向内核源码文件的行号。因此诸如“ffffffff811f0ec8”形式的十六进制表示可以被翻译成“fs/proc/generic.c:445”。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，结果表明李纳斯·托瓦兹正打算从堆栈转储中移除十六进制偏移量，具体原因是他们难以理解。所以萨沙的代码看起来过时了。【译者注：程序媛，伤不起！】
|
||||
|
||||
他们在这个问题上纠结了一番。起初，萨沙打算依赖存储在System.map文件里的数据区补偿，但李纳斯指出包括他在内的有些人并不会保留System.map文件。李纳斯推荐使用/usr/bin/nm从编译好的内核文件中提取符号表。
|
||||
|
||||
所以，似乎萨沙的脚本可能确实为调试堆栈转储提供了有意义的文件和行号，假设堆栈转储提供足够的信息去完成计算。
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/diff-u-whats-new-kernel-development-0
|
||||
|
||||
原文作者：[Zack Brown][a]
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/user/801501
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3发布，包括修复了11年的Bug
|
||||
===============================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
> 如果你长时间地在开源办公套件中写'怪物段落'，此次的发行版本正是你需要的
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
** 新的一个月，新发行版本的LibreOffice开源办公套件将默认的安装在Ubuntu中 **
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffic 4.3是2010年从OpenOffice分离以来的第八个主要发行版本软件，也是4.x发行版本系列的第三个次要版本
|
||||
|
||||
### 有那些新功能? ###
|
||||
|
||||
每一个主要的办公套件发行版本都有着巨大的变化，包括修复和更新，如果你有很多的空余时间，你可以在文档基金会查看最新更新的所有变更日志
|
||||
[wiki at wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/4.3][1]
|
||||
|
||||
为了节省您的时间，关于这次更新，我们已经将更多面向用户和头条的新特性整理成了一个简短的摘要
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 文档的互操作性 ###
|
||||
|
||||
作为许多办公套件之一的LibreOffice，在处理,打开,保存其他办公文件格式的功能方面有着很大的改进
|
||||
|
||||
在LibreOffice 4.3中，这将导致一系列的OOXML改进，包括DrawingML特性，主题字体，文件嵌套。字体,段落,表格单元格的主题颜色现在将被保存，同样的，4.3也支持给图片和形状增加样式,填补和其他一些操作
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft Office**用户会发现微软office支持30个额外的Excel公式**，Mac用户会很高兴地发现老的ClarisWorks, MacWorks and SuperPaint文件现在可以在LibreOffice中打开
|
||||
|
||||
在文档中的嵌套注释得益于格式化的整理，而且现在可以同时导入导出为.doc,.rft,和.docs文件（等等）
|
||||
|
||||
### 其他值得注意的变化 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- 支持3D动画模型
|
||||
- 支持Collada和.kmz文件
|
||||
- 在Windows和Linux中支持初始化HiDPI
|
||||
- 启动中心现已预览所有文件，而不只是.odf
|
||||
- .docx导入时的进度条
|
||||
- PDF导入时的调整，包括旋转的的文本支持
|
||||
|
||||
最后，一个11年的bug：阻止超过65,000字符的‘怪物’段落的输入，最后被修复了。TDF说这个归结于“*LibreOffice
|
||||
*的一个专有功能---OOo源码的现代化”
|
||||
|
||||
### 下载LibreOffice 4.3 ###
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3可以从官方网站上下载 [libreoffice.org/download][2], 或者直接通过下面的链接：
|
||||
|
||||
- [Linux x64 (.deb)][3] // [Torrent][4]
|
||||
- [Linux x86 (.deb)][5] // [Torrent][6]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不喜欢升级，你可以找到包含在Ubuntu 14.10中的发行版本，这将于今年晚些时候发布
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/libreoffice-4-3-released-includes-fix-11-year-old-bug
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/4.3
|
||||
[2]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/?type=deb-x86_64&version=4.3.0&lang=en-US
|
||||
[4]:http://download.documentfoundation.org/libreoffice/stable/4.3.0/deb/x86_64/LibreOffice_4.3.0_Linux_x86-64_deb.tar.gz.torrent
|
||||
[5]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/?type=deb-x86&version=4.3.0&lang=en-US
|
||||
[6]:http://download.documentfoundation.org/libreoffice/stable/4.3.0/deb/x86/LibreOffice_4.3.0_Linux_x86_deb.tar.gz.torrent
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
Pushbullet的使用, 一个ubuntu系统下向Android/iOS设备推送文件的Indicator小应用
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Pushbullet][1]是一款iOS和Android设备与桌面系统互相传输文件、链接、图片的APP应用,Pushbullet可以在任何装有Firefox或Chrome
|
||||
浏览器的操作系统上安装使用。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不是浏览器扩展插件的粉丝，却依然想使用桌面应用**Pushbullet in Ubuntu 14.04**的话，你可以使用由 [Atareao][2]开发
|
||||
的**Pushbullet Indicator**.Pushbullet Indicator 小应用正在正在开发阶段，并不具备官方windows桌面版应用的所有功能，
|
||||
但是已经足够令大家入门使用了
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu 14.04 和 Linux Mint 17 下安装Pushbullet Indicator小应用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
打开一个终端，并且使用以下命令
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install pushbullet-indicator
|
||||
|
||||
以上个人软件包不支持运行在Ubuntu 13.10.版本
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu 14.04 和 Linux Mint 17 下使用Pushbullet Indicator小应用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [Pushbullet][3]为创建一个账号
|
||||
|
||||
- 在Android/iOS设备上安装Pushbullet
|
||||
|
||||
- 在Ubuntu 或者Linux Mint系统安装Pushbullet Indicator小应用以后，第一次启动时，会提供一些Pushbullet账号连接的选项。如图：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 当连接完成时，你也应该从下图设备标签中命名你的设备。如果你想Pushbullet在每次开机时自动启动，你可以在从preference设备中
|
||||
- 点击打开Autostart按钮自动启动(显示在下图中)
|
||||
|
||||
- 当你做完这一步，你会看见 Pushbullet indicator 小应用出现在Unity panel
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 点击indicator，选择想要向其发送数据的智能手机（已经连接到你的Pushbullet的设备）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 如果其他设备收到了一个文件，你将会接到一个通知。然后，你可以通过Pushbullet app应用获取所有的通知消息。
|
||||
- 安卓设备也可以接到来电、短信和其他类型的通知
|
||||
- 如果你从你的移动设备向桌面发送一个文件的话，你将会接到以下通知
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 这些文件不会自动的保存在某个目录下。获取其他设备发送来的文件，可以去目录查看最后推送，显示你最后推送的。点击下载文件到-你选择的目录中
|
||||
|
||||
### 为Pushbullet安装Nautilus扩展 ###
|
||||
另一个可选的建议，你可以为Pushbullet安装Nautilus扩展，使他可以通过右键目录直接发送文件。使用一下命令安装。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install nautilus-pushbullet
|
||||
|
||||
但是，在重启后你必须重新授权。
|
||||
|
||||
请在评论区分享你使用Pushbullet Indicator小应用的经验,朋友们,再见.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/pushbullet-indicator-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[lfzark](https://github.com/lfzark)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.pushbullet.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.atareao.es/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.pushbullet.com/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
怎样在Ubuntu 14.04中安装Java
|
||||
=====================================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
想知道**如何在Ubuntu 14.04中安装Java**？安装Java肯定是[安装Ubuntu 14.04后首先要做的几件事情之一](1)，而且这也很简单
|
||||
|
||||
许多人比较厌恶Java，但是很有可能因为某些原因，你需要安装Java，尽管你很讨厌它。在这篇文章中，我们将展示如何在Ubuntu 14.04安装Java（也可能在Linux Mint 17同样适用）
|
||||
|
||||
### JRE vs OpenJDK vs Oracle JDK ###
|
||||
|
||||
在我们继续了解如何安装Java之前，让我们快速地了解JRE,OpenJDK和Oracle JDK之间的不同之处
|
||||
|
||||
- JRE（Java Runtime Environment），它是你运行一个基于Java语言应用程序的所正常需要的环境。如果你不是一个程序员的话，这些足够你的需要
|
||||
- JDK代表Java开发工具包，如果你想做一些有关Java的开发（阅读程序），这正是你所需要的
|
||||
- OpenJDK是Java开发工具包的开源实现，Oracle JDK是Java开发工具包的官方Oracle版本。尽管OpenJDK已经足够满足大多数的案例，但是许多程序比如[Android Studio](2)建议使用Oracle JDK，以避免UI/性能问题
|
||||
|
||||
### 检查Java是否已经安装在Ubuntu上 ###
|
||||
|
||||
打开终端，使用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
java -version
|
||||
|
||||
如果你看到像下面的输出，这就意味着你并没有安装过Java:
|
||||
|
||||
The program ‘java’ can be found in the following packages:
|
||||
* default-jre
|
||||
* gcj-4.6-jre-headless
|
||||
* openjdk-6-jre-headless
|
||||
* gcj-4.5-jre-headless
|
||||
* openjdk-7-jre-headless
|
||||
Try: sudo apt-get install
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu和Linux Mint上安装Java ###
|
||||
|
||||
看了各种类型‘Java’的不同之后，让我们看如何安装他们
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Ubuntu和Linux Mint上安装JRE ####
|
||||
|
||||
打开终端，使用下面的命令安装JRE：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install default-jre
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Ubuntu和Linux Mint上安装OpenJDK ####
|
||||
|
||||
在终端，使用下面的命令安装OpenJDK Java开发工具包：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install default-jdk
|
||||
|
||||
特殊地，如果你想要安装Java 7或者Java 6等等，你可以使用openjdk-7-jdk/openjdk-6jdk，但是记住在此之前安装openjdk-7-jre/openjdk-6-jre
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Ubuntu和Linux Mint上安装Oracle JDK ####
|
||||
|
||||
使用下面的命令安装，只需一些时间，它就会下载许多的文件，所及你要确保你的网络环境良好：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer
|
||||
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想安装Java 7(i.e Java 1.7)，在上面的命令中用java7代替java8
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这篇文章能够帮助你学会在Ubuntu,Linux Mint和其它基于Ubuntu的Linux发行版本上安装Java，我们欢迎所有问题或者建议
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/install-android-studio-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user