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Merge pull request #12441 from wxy/20190201-Top-5-Linux-Distributions-for-New-Users
TSL:20190201 Top 5 Linux Distributions for New Users
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Top 5 Linux Distributions for New Users)
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[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2019/2/top-5-linux-distributions-new-users)
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[#]: author: (Jack Wallen https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen)
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Top 5 Linux Distributions for New Users
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======
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Linux has come a long way from its original offering. But, no matter how often you hear how easy Linux is now, there are still skeptics. To back up this claim, the desktop must be simple enough for those unfamiliar with Linux to be able to make use of it. And, the truth is that plenty of desktop distributions make this a reality.
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### No Linux knowledge required
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It might be simple to misconstrue this as yet another “best user-friendly Linux distributions” list. That is not what we’re looking at here. What’s the difference? For my purposes, the defining line is whether or not Linux actually plays into the usage. In other words, could you set a user in front of a desktop operating system and have them be instantly at home with its usage? No Linux knowledge required.
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Believe it or not, some distributions do just that. I have five I’d like to present to you here. You’ve probably heard of all of them. They might not be your distribution of choice, but you can guarantee that they slide Linux out of the spotlight and place the user front and center.
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Let’s take a look at the chosen few.
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### Elementary OS
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The very philosophy of Elementary OS is centered around how people actually use their desktops. The developers and designers have gone out of their way to create a desktop that is as simple as possible. In the process, they’ve de-Linux’d Linux. That is not to say they’ve removed Linux from the equation. No. Instead, what they’ve done is create an operating system that is about as neutral as you’ll find. Elementary OS is streamlined in such a way as to make sure everything is perfectly logical. From the single Dock to the clear-to-anyone Applications menu, this is a desktop that doesn’t say to the user, “You’re using Linux!” In fact, the layout itself is reminiscent of Mac, but with the addition of a simple app menu (Figure 1).
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![Elementary OS Juno][2]
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Figure 1: The Elementary OS Juno Application menu in action.
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[Used with permission][3]
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Another important aspect of Elementary OS that places it on this list is that it’s not nearly as flexible as some other desktop distributions. Sure, some users would balk at that, but having a desktop that doesn’t throw every bell and whistle at the user makes for a very familiar environment -- one that neither requires or allows a lot of tinkering. That aspect of the OS goes a long way to make the platform familiar to new users.
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And like any modern Linux desktop distribution, Elementary OS includes and App Store, called AppCenter, where users can install all the applications they need, without ever having to touch the command line.
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### Deepin
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Deepin not only gets my nod for one of the most beautiful desktops on the market, it’s also just as easy to adopt as any desktop operating system available. With a very simplistic take on the desktop interface, there’s very little in the way of users with zero Linux experience getting up to speed on its usage. In fact, you’d be hard-pressed to find a user who couldn’t instantly start using the Deepin desktop. The only possible hitch in that works might be the sidebar control center (Figure 2).
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![][5]
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Figure 2: The Deepin sidebar control panel.
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[Used with permission][3]
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But even that sidebar control panel is as intuitive as any other configuration tool on the market. And anyone that has used a mobile device will be instantly at home with the layout. As for opening applications, Deepin takes a macOS Launchpad approach with the Launcher. This button is in the usual far right position on the desktop dock, so users will immediately gravitate to that, understanding that it is probably akin to the standard “Start” menu.
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In similar fashion as Elementary OS (and most every Linux distribution on the market), Deepin includes an app store (simply called “Store”), where plenty of apps can be installed with ease.
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### Ubuntu
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You knew it was coming. Ubuntu is most often ranked at the top of most user-friendly Linux lists. Why? Because it’s one of the chosen few where a knowledge of Linux simply isn’t necessary to get by on the desktop. Prior to the adoption of GNOME (and the ousting of Unity), that wouldn’t have been the case. Why? Because Unity often needed a bit of tweaking to get it to the point where a tiny bit of Linux knowledge wasn’t necessary (Figure 3). Now that Ubuntu has adopted GNOME, and tweaked it to the point where an understanding of GNOME isn’t even necessary, this desktop makes Linux take a back seat to simplicity and usability.
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![Ubuntu 18.04][7]
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Figure 3: The Ubuntu 18.04 desktop is instantly familiar.
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[Used with permission][3]
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Unlike Elementary OS, Ubuntu doesn’t hold the user back. So anyone who wants more from their desktop, can have it. However, the out of the box experience is enough for just about any user type. Anyone looking for a desktop that makes the user unaware as to just how much power they have at their fingertips, could certainly do worse than Ubuntu.
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### Linux Mint
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I will preface this by saying I’ve never been the biggest fan of Linux Mint. It’s not that I don’t respect what the developers are doing, it’s more an aesthetic. I prefer modern-looking desktop environments. But that old school desktop metaphor (found in the default Cinnamon desktop) is perfectly familiar to nearly anyone who uses it. With a taskbar, start button, system tray, and desktop icons (Figure 4), Linux Mint offers an interface that requires zero learning curve. In fact, some users might be initially fooled into thinking they are working with a Windows 7 clone. Even the updates warning icon will look instantly familiar to users.
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![Linux Mint ][9]
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Figure 4: The Linux Mint Cinnamon desktop is very Windows 7-ish.
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[Used with permission][3]
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Because Linux Mint benefits from being based on Ubuntu, it’ll not only enjoy an immediate familiarity, but a high usability. No matter if you have even the slightest understanding of the underlying platform, users will feel instantly at home on Linux Mint.
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### Ubuntu Budgie
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Our list concludes with a distribution that also does a fantastic job of making the user forget they are using Linux, and makes working with the usual tools a simple, beautiful thing. Melding the Budgie Desktop with Ubuntu makes for an impressively easy to use distribution. And although the layout of the desktop (Figure 5) might not be the standard fare, there is no doubt the acclimation takes no time. In fact, outside of the Dock defaulting to the left side of the desktop, Ubuntu Budgie has a decidedly Elementary OS look to it.
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![Budgie][11]
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Figure 5: The Budgie desktop is as beautiful as it is simple.
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[Used with permission][3]
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The System Tray/Notification area in Ubuntu Budgie offers a few more features than the usual fare: Features such as quick access to Caffeine (a tool to keep your desktop awake), a Quick Notes tool (for taking simple notes), Night Lite switch, a Places drop-down menu (for quick access to folders), and of course the Raven applet/notification sidebar (which is similar to, but not quite as elegant as, the Control Center sidebar in Deepin). Budgie also includes an application menu (top left corner), which gives users access to all of their installed applications. Open an app and the icon will appear in the Dock. Right-click that app icon and select Keep in Dock for even quicker access.
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Everything about Ubuntu Budgie is intuitive, so there’s practically zero learning curve involved. It doesn’t hurt that this distribution is as elegant as it is easy to use.
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### Give One A Chance
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And there you have it, five Linux distributions that, each in their own way, offer a desktop experience that any user would be instantly familiar with. Although none of these might be your choice for top distribution, it’s hard to argue their value when it comes to users who have no familiarity with Linux.
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Learn more about Linux through the free ["Introduction to Linux" ][12]course from The Linux Foundation and edX.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2019/2/top-5-linux-distributions-new-users
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作者：[Jack Wallen][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/elementaryosjpg-2
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[2]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/elementaryos_0.jpg?itok=KxgNUvMW (Elementary OS Juno)
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[3]: https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[4]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/deepinjpg
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[5]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/deepin.jpg?itok=VV381a9f
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[6]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/ubuntujpg-1
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[7]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/ubuntu_1.jpg?itok=bax-_Tsg (Ubuntu 18.04)
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[8]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/linuxmintjpg
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[9]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/linuxmint.jpg?itok=8sPon0Cq (Linux Mint )
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[10]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/budgiejpg-0
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[11]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/budgie_0.jpg?itok=zcf-AHmj (Budgie)
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[12]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
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@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Top 5 Linux Distributions for New Users)
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[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2019/2/top-5-linux-distributions-new-users)
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[#]: author: (Jack Wallen https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen)
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5 个面向新手的 Linux 发行版
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> 5 个可使用新用户如归家般感觉的发行版。
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从最初的 Linux 到现在，Linux 已经发展了很长一段路。但是，无论你曾经多少次听说过使用 Linux 现在有多容易，仍然会表示怀疑的人。而要真的承担得其这份声明，桌面必须足够简单，以便不熟悉 Linux 的人也能够使用它。事实上大量的桌面发行版使这成为了现实。
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### 无需 Linux 知识
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将这个清单误解为又一个“最佳用户友好型 Linux 发行版”的清单可能很简单。但这不是我们要在这里看到的。这二者有什么不同？就我的目的而言，定义的界限是 Linux 是否真正起到了使用的作用。换句话说，你是否可以将这个桌面操作系统放在一个用户面前，并让他们应用自如而无需 Linux 知识呢？
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不管你相信与否，有些发行版就能做到。这里我将介绍给你 5 个这样的发行版。这些或许你全都听说过。它们或许不是你所选择的发行版，但你可以保证它们无需过多关注，而将用户放在眼前。
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我们来看看选中的几个。
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### Elementary OS
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Elementary OS 的理念主要围绕人们如何实际使用他们的桌面。开发人员和设计人员不遗余力地创建尽可能简单的桌面。在这个过程中，他们致力于将 Linux 去 Linux 化。这并不是说他们已经从这个等式中删除了 Linux。不，恰恰相反，他们所做的就是创建一个与你所发现的一样中立的操作系统。Elementary OS 是如此顺畅以确保一切都完美合理。从单个 Dock 到每个人都清晰明了的应用程序菜单，这是一个桌面，而不用提醒用户说，“你正在使用 Linux！” 事实上，其布局本身就让人联想到 Mac，但附加了一个简单的应用程序菜单（图 1）。
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![Elementary OS Juno][2]
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*图 1：Elementary OS Juno 应用菜单*
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将 Elementary OS 放在此列表中的另一个重要原因是它不像其他桌面发行版那样灵活。当然，有些用户会对此不以为然，但是如果桌面没有向用户扔出各种花哨的定制诱惑，那么就会形成一个非常熟悉的环境：一个既不需要也不允许大量修修补补的环境。操作系统在让新用户熟悉该平台这一方面还有很长的路要走。
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与任何现代 Linux 桌面发行版一样，Elementary OS 包括 App Store，也称为 AppCenter，用户可以在其中安装所需的所有应用程序，而无需触及命令行。
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### Deepin
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Deepin 不仅得到了市场上最漂亮的台式机之一的赞誉，它也像任何桌面操作系统一样容易采用。其桌面界面非常简单，对于毫无 Linux 经验的用户来说，它的上手速度非常快。事实上，你很难找到无法立即上手使用 Deepin 桌面的用户。而这里唯一可能的障碍可能是其侧边栏控制中心（图 2）。
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![][5]
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*图 2：Deepin 的侧边栏控制编码*
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但即使是侧边栏控制面板，也像市场上的任何其他配置工具一样直观。使用移动设备的任何人对于这种布局都很熟悉。至于打开应用程序，Deepin 的启动器采用了 macOS Launchpad 的方式。此按钮位于桌面底座上通常最右侧的位置，因此用户将立即就可以会心，知道它可能类似于标准的“开始”菜单。
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与 Elementary OS（以及市场上大多数 Linux 发行版）类似，Deepin 也包含一个应用程序商店（简称为“商店”），可以轻松安装大量应用程序。
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### Ubuntu
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你知道肯定有它。Ubuntu 通常在大多数用户友好的 Linux 列表中排名第一。为什么？因为它是少数几个不需要了解 Linux 就能使用的桌面之一。但在采用 GNOME（和 Unity 谢幕）之前，情况并非如此。为什么？因为 Unity 经常需要进行一些调整才能达到不需要一点 Linux 知识的程度（图 3）。现在 Ubuntu 已经采用了 GNOME，并将其调整到甚至不需要懂得 GNOME 的程度，这个桌面使得对 Linux 的简单性和可用性处于次要地位。
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![Ubuntu 18.04][7]
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*图 3：Ubuntu 18.04 桌面可使用马上熟悉起来*
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与 Elementary OS 不同，Ubuntu 不会让用户半路放弃。因此，任何想从桌面上获得更多信息的人都可以拥有它。但是，开箱即用的体验对于任何用户类型都是足够的。任何一个让用户不知道他们触手可及的力量有多少的桌面，肯定不如 Ubuntu。
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### Linux Mint
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我需要首先声明，我从来都不是 Linux Mint 的忠实粉丝。这并不是说我不尊重开发者的工作，这更多的是一种审美观点。我更喜欢现代的桌面环境。但是，旧式学校计算机桌面的隐喻（可以在默认的 Cinnamon 桌面中找到）让几乎每个人使用它的人都格外熟悉。Linux Mint 使用任务栏、开始按钮、系统托盘和桌面图标（图 4），提供了一个需要零学习曲线的界面。事实上，一些用户最初可能会被愚弄，以为他们正在使用Windows 7 的克隆。甚至是它的更新警告图标也会让用户感到非常熟悉。
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![Linux Mint ][9]
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*图 4：Linux Mint 的 Cinnamon 桌面非常像 Windows 7*
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因为 Linux Mint 受益于其所基于的 Ubuntu，它不仅会让你马上熟悉起来，而且具有很高的可用性。无论你是否对底层平台有所了解，用户都会立即感受到宾至如归的感觉。
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### Ubuntu Budgie
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我们的列表将以这样一个发行版做结，它也能让用户忘记他们正在使用 Linux，并且使用常用工具变得简单、美观。使 Ubuntu 融合 Budgie 桌面可以实现以令人印象深刻的易用发行版。虽然其桌面布局（图 5）可能不太一样，但毫无疑问，适应这个环境并不会浪费时间。实际上，在 Dock 外面默认为桌面的左侧，Ubuntu Budgie 确实看起来像 Elementary OS。
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![Budgie][11]
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*图 5：Budgie 桌面既漂亮又简单*
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Ubuntu Budgie 中的系统托盘/通知区域提供了一些不太寻常的功能，比如：快速访问 Caffeine（一种保持桌面清醒的工具）、快速笔记工具（用于记录简单笔记）、Night Lite 开关、原地下拉菜单（用于快速访问文件夹），当然还有 Raven 小程序/通知侧边栏（与 Deepin 中的控制中心侧边栏类似，但不太优雅）。Budgie 还包括一个应用程序菜单（左上角），用户可以访问所有已安装的应用程序。打开一个应用程序，该图标将出现在 Dock 中。右键单击该应用程序图标，然后选择“保留在 Dock”以便更快地访问。
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Ubuntu Budgie 的一切都很直观，所以几乎没有学习曲线。这种发行版既优雅又易于使用，这并没有什么坏处。
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### 选择一个吧
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至此介绍了 5 个 Linux 发行版，它们各自以自己的方式提供了让任何用户即刻熟悉的桌面体验。虽然这些可能不是你选择顶级发行版的选择，但对于那些不熟悉 Linux 的用户来说，很难否定它们的价值。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2019/2/top-5-linux-distributions-new-users
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作者：[Jack Wallen][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/elementaryosjpg-2
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[2]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/elementaryos_0.jpg?itok=KxgNUvMW (Elementary OS Juno)
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[3]: https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[4]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/deepinjpg
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[5]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/deepin.jpg?itok=VV381a9f
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[6]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/ubuntujpg-1
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[7]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/ubuntu_1.jpg?itok=bax-_Tsg (Ubuntu 18.04)
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[8]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/linuxmintjpg
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[9]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/linuxmint.jpg?itok=8sPon0Cq (Linux Mint )
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[10]: https://www.linux.com/files/images/budgiejpg-0
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[11]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/budgie_0.jpg?itok=zcf-AHmj (Budgie)
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[12]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
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