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[tarepanda1024 翻译中]
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Three Graphical Clients for Git on Linux
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======
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Those that develop on Linux are likely familiar with [Git][1]. With good reason. Git is one of the most widely used and recognized version control systems on the planet. And for most, Git use tends to lean heavily on the terminal. After all, much of your development probably occurs at the command line, so why not interact with Git in the same manner?
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In some instances, however, having a GUI tool to work with can make your workflow slightly more efficient (at least for those that tend to depend upon a GUI). To that end, what options do you have for Git GUI tools? Fortunately, we found some that are worthy of your time and (in some cases) money. I want to highlight three such Git clients that run on the Linux operating system. Out of these three, you should be able to find one that meets all of your needs.
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I am going to assume you understand how Git and repositories like GitHub function, [which I covered previously][2], so I won’t be taking the time for any how-tos with these tools. Instead, this will be an introduction, so you (the developer) know these tools are available for your development tasks.
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A word of warning: Not all of these tools are free, and some are released under proprietary licenses. However, they all work quite well on the Linux platform and make interacting with GitHub a breeze.
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With that said, let’s look at some outstanding Git GUIs.
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### SmartGit
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[SmartGit][3] is a proprietary tool that’s free for non-commercial usage. If you plan on employing SmartGit in a commercial environment, the license cost is $99 USD per year for one license or $5.99 per month. There are other upgrades (such as Distributed Reviews and SmartSynchronize), which are both $15 USD per licence. You can download either the source or a .deb package for installation. I tested SmartGit on Ubuntu 18.04 and it worked without issue.
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But why would you want to use SmartGit? There are plenty of reasons. First and foremost, SmartGit makes it incredibly easy to integrate with the likes of GitHub and Subversion servers. Instead of spending your valuable time attempting to configure the GUI to work with your remote accounts, SmartGit takes the pain out of that task. The SmartGit GUI (Figure 1) is also very well designed to be uncluttered and intuitive.
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![SmartGit][5]
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Figure 1: The SmartGit UI helps to simplify your workflow.
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[Used with permission][6]
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After installing SmartGit, I had it connected with my personal GitHub account in seconds. The default toolbar makes working with a repository, incredibly simple. Push, pull, check out, merge, add branches, cherry pick, revert, rebase, reset — all of Git’s most popular features are there to use. Outside of supporting most of the standard Git and GitHub functions/features, SmartGit is very stable. At least when using the tool on the Ubuntu desktop, you feel like you’re working with an application that was specifically designed and built for Linux.
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SmartGit is probably one of the best tools that makes working with even advanced Git features easy enough for any level of user. To learn more about SmartGit, take a look at the [extensive documentation][7].
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### GitKraken
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[GitKraken][8] is another proprietary GUI tool that makes working with both Git and GitHub an experience you won’t regret. Where SmartGit has a very simplified UI, GitKraken has a beautifully designed interface that offers a bit more feature-wise at the ready. There is a free version of GitKraken available (and you can test the full-blown paid version with a 15 day trial period). After the the trial period ends, you can continue using the free version, but for non-commercial use only.
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For those who want to get the most out of their development workflow, GitKraken might be the tool to choose. This particular take on the Git GUI features the likes of visual interactions, resizable commit graphs, drag and drop, seamless integration (with GitHub, GitLab, and BitBucket), easy in-app tasks, in-app merge tools, fuzzy finder, gitflow support, 1-click undo & redo, keyboard shortcuts, file history & blame, submodules, light & dark themes, git hooks support, git LFS, and much more. But the one feature that many users will appreciate the most is the incredibly well-designed interface (Figure 2).
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![GitKraken][10]
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Figure 2: The GitKraken interface is tops.
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[Used with permission][6]
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Outside of the amazing interface, one of the things that sets GitKraken above the rest of the competition is how easy it makes working with multiple remote repositories and multiple profiles. The one caveat to using GitKraken (besides it being proprietary) is the cost. If you’re looking at using GitKraken for commercial use, the license costs are:
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* $49 per user per year for individual
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* $39 per user per year for 10+ users
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* $29 per user per year for 100+ users
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The Pro accounts allow you to use both the Git Client and the Glo Boards (which is the GitKraken project management tool) commercially. The Glo Boards are an especially interesting feature as they allow you to sync your Glo Board to GitHub Issues. Glo Boards are sharable and include search & filters, issue tracking, markdown support, file attachments, @mentions, card checklists, and more. All of this can be accessed from within the GitKraken GUI.
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GitKraken is available for Linux as either an installable .deb file, or source.
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### Git Cola
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[Git Cola][11] is our free, open source entry in the list. Unlike both GitKraken and Smart Git, Git Cola is a pretty bare bones, no-nonsense Git client. Git Cola is written in Python with a GTK interface, so no matter what distribution and desktop combination you use, it should integrate seamlessly. And because it’s open source, you should find it in your distribution's package manager. So installation is nothing more than a matter of opening your distribution’s app store, searching for “Git Cola” and installing. You can also install from the command line like so:
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```
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sudo apt install git-cola
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```
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Or:
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```
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sudo dnf install git-cola
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```
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The Git Cola interface is pretty simple (Figure 3). In fact, you won’t find much in the way of too many bells and whistles, as Git Cola is all about the basics.
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![Git Cola][13]
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Figure 3: The Git Cola interface is a much simpler affair.
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[Used with permission][6]
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Because of Git Cola’s return to basics, there will be times when you must interface with the terminal. However, for many Linux users this won’t be a deal breaker (as most are developing within the terminal anyway). Git Cola does include features like:
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* Multiple subcommands
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* Custom window settings
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* Configurable and environment variables
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* Language settings
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* Supports custom GUI settings
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* Keyboard shortcuts
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Although Git Cola does support connecting to remote repositories, the integration to the likes of Github isn’t nearly as intuitive as it is on either GitKraken or SmartGit. But if you’re doing most of your work locally, Git Cola is an outstanding tool that won’t get in between you and Git.
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Git Cola also comes with an advanced (Directed Acyclic Graph) DAG visualizer, called Git Dag. This tool allows you to get a visual representation of your branches. You start Git Dag either separately from Git Cola or within Git Cola from the View > DAG menu entry. Git DAG is a very powerful tool, which helps to make Git Cola one of the top open source Git GUIs on the market.
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### There’s more where that came from
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There are plenty more Git GUI tools available. However, from these three tools you can do some serious work. Whether you’re looking for a tool with all the bells and whistles (regardless of license) or if you’re a strict GPL user, one of these should fit the bill.
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Learn more about Linux through the free ["Introduction to Linux" ][14]course from The Linux Foundation and edX.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/7/three-graphical-clients-git-linux
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作者：[Jack Wallen][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
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[1]:https://git-scm.com/
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[2]:https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/7/introduction-using-git
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[3]:https://www.syntevo.com/smartgit/
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[4]:/files/images/gitgui1jpg
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[5]:https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/gitgui_1.jpg?itok=LEZ_PYIf (SmartGit)
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[6]:/licenses/category/used-permission
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[7]:http://www.syntevo.com/doc/display/SG/Manual
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[8]:https://www.gitkraken.com/
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[9]:/files/images/gitgui2jpg
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[10]:https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/gitgui_2.jpg?itok=Y8crSLhf (GitKraken)
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[11]:https://git-cola.github.io/
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[12]:/files/images/gitgui3jpg
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[13]:https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/gitgui_3.jpg?itok=bS9OYPQo (Git Cola)
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[14]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
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Three Graphical Clients for Git on Linux
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三款Linux下的Git图形客户端
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======
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在Linux下工作的人们对[Git][1]非常熟悉。一个理所当然的原因是，Git是我们这个星球上最广为人知也是使用最广泛的版本控制工具。不过大多数情况下，git需要学习繁杂的终端命令。既然我们的大多数开发工作可能是基于命令行的，那么为什么不试试图形界面的Git客户端呢？
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在某些情况下，使用带图形界面的工具可能使你的工作更高效一点（起码对那些更倾向于使用图像界面的人们来说）。那么，有哪些Git图形客户端可供选择呢？幸运的是，我们找到一些客户端值得你花费时间和金钱（一些情况下）去尝试一下。在此，我主要推荐三种可以运行在Linux操作系统上的Git客户端。在这几种中，你可以找到一款满足你所有要求的客户端。
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在这里我假设你理解如何使用Git和具有github类似功能的代码仓库，[使用方法我之前讲过了][2]，因此我不再花费时间讲解如何使用这些工具。本篇文章主要是一篇介绍，介绍几种可以用在开发任务中的工具。
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提前说明一下：这些工具并不都是免费的，它们中的一些可能需要商业授权。不过，它们都在Linux下运行良好并且可以轻而易举的和Github相结合。
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就说这些了，快让我们看看这些出色的Git图形客户端吧。
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### SmartGit
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[SmartGit][3]是一个专有工具，不过如果你在非商业环境下使用是免费的。如果你打算在商业环境下使用的话，一个许可证每人每年需要99美元，或者5.99美元一个月。还有一些附加功能（比如分布式代码评论和文件目录比对），每个工具每个许可证需要另加15美元。你也有通过下载源码码或者deb安装包进行安装。我在Ubuntu18.04下测试，发现SmartGit运行良好，没有出现一点问题。
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不过，我们为什么要用SmartGit呢？有许多原因，最重要的一点是，SmartGit可以非常方便的和github以及SVN等版本控制工具整合。不需要你花费宝贵的时间区去配置各种账号，SmartGit的这些功能开箱即用。SmartGit的界面（图片1）设计的也很好，整洁直观。
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![SmartGit][5]
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图片 1: SmartGit 帮助简化工作
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[Used with permission][6]
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我们安装完SmartGit后，就需要连接Github账户。默认的工具栏是和仓库操作相关联的，非常简洁。Push, pull, check out, merge, add branches, cherry pick, revert, rebase, reset — 这些Git的的流行功能都支持。除了支持标准Git和Github的大部分功能,SmartGit运行也非常稳定。至少当年在Ubuntu上使用时，你会觉得这一款软件是专门为Linux设计和开发的。
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SmartGit可能是使各个水平的Git用户都可以非常轻松的使用Git，甚至Git高级功能的最好工具。为了了解更多SmartGit相关知识，你可以看一下[扩展文档][7].
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### GitKraken
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[GitKraken][8]是另外一款商业Git图形客户端，它可以使你感受到一种绝不会后悔的使用Git或者Github的美妙体验。SmartGit具有非常简洁的界面，而GitKraken拥有非常华丽的界面，它一开始就给你展现了很多特色。GitKraken有一个免费版（你也可以使用完整版15天）。试用期过了，你也可以继续使用免费版，不过不能用于商业用途。
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对那些想获得开发工具链最大功效的人们来说，GitKraken可能是一个比较好的选择。界面上具有的功能包括：可视化交互、调调整commit图像的大小、拖拽和无缝整合(Github、gitlab和BitBucked)、简单的app内任务清单、app内的merge工具、模糊查找、支持gitflow、一键撤销和重做、快捷键、文件历史、子模块、亮色和暗色主题、git hook支持和git LFS等许多功能。不过用户倍加赞赏的还是精美的界面(图片2)。
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![GitKraken][10]
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图片 2: GitKraken的界面非常出色
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[Used with permission][6]
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除了令人惊艳的图形界面，另一个使GitKraken在Git图形客户端竞争中脱颖而出的功能是：GitKraken使得同远程仓库的交互变得非常简单。不过有一个告诫，使用GitKraken需要花钱（它是专有的）。如果你想商业，许可证的价钱如下：
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* 一人一年49美元
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* 10人以上团队39美元每人每年
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* 100人以上团队29美元每人每年
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专业版账户不但可以在商业环境使用Git相关功能还可以使用Glo Boards（一款项目管理工具） 。Glo Boards的一个吸引人的功能是可以将数据同步到 GitHub Issues。Glo Boards具有分享功能还具有搜索过滤、问题跟踪、Markdown支持、附件、＠功能、清单等许多功能。所有的这些功能都可以在GitKraken上进行操作。
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GitKraken可以通过deb文件或者源码进行安装。
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### Git Cola
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[Git Cola][11]是我们推荐列表中一款免费开源的Git图像客户端。不像GitKraken和SmartGit，Git Cola是一款比较难啃的骨头，一款比较实用的Git客户端。Git Cola是用Python写成的，使用的GTk接口，因此无论你用的什么Linux桌面发型版，都可以无缝支持。并且因为它是开源的，你可以在你使用的发行版的包管理器中找到它。因此安装过程无非是打开App 商店，搜索“Git Cola”安装即可。你也可以通过下面的命令进行安装：
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```
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sudo apt install git-cola
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```
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或者
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```
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sudo dnf install git-cola
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```
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Git Cola看起来相对比较简单（图像3）。事实上，你无法找到更复杂的东西，因为Git Cola是非常基础的。
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![Git Cola][13]
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图像3：Git Cola界面是非常简单的
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[Used with permission][6]
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因为Git Colak看起来回归自然，所以很多时间你必须同终端打交道。不过这并不是什么难事儿（因为大多数开发人员需要经常使用终端）。Git Cola包含以下特性：
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* 支持多个子终端
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* 自定义窗口设置
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* 设置环境变量
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* 语言设置
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* 支持自定义GUI设置
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* 支持快捷键
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尽管Git Cola不支持连接到远程仓库，和Github的整合看起来也没有GitKraken和SmartGit直观。不过如果你的大部分工作是在本地进行的，Git Cola并不失为一个出色的工具。
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和Git Cola一起出现的还有一个高级的DAG（有向无环图）可视化工具，叫做Git Dag。这个工具可以使你获得分支的可视化展示。你可以独立使用Git Cola也可以通过Git Cola内菜单 "view->DAG" 来打开。正是Git DAG这个威力巨大的工具使用 Git Cola跻身于App商店中Git图行客户端前列。
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### 更多的客户端
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还有更多的Git图形客户端。不过，从上面介绍的这几款中，你已经可以做很多事情了。无论你在寻找一款更有丰富功能的Git客户端（不管许可证的话）还是你本事是一名坚定的GPL支持者，都可以从上面找到适合自己的一款。
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如果想学习更多关于Linux的知识，可以通过学习Linux基金会的["走进Linux" ][14]课程。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/7/three-graphical-clients-git-linux
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作者：[Jack Wallen][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[tarepanda1024](https://github.com/tarepanda1024)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
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[1]:https://git-scm.com/
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[2]:https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/7/introduction-using-git
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[3]:https://www.syntevo.com/smartgit/
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[4]:/files/images/gitgui1jpg
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[5]:https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/gitgui_1.jpg?itok=LEZ_PYIf (SmartGit)
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[6]:/licenses/category/used-permission
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[7]:http://www.syntevo.com/doc/display/SG/Manual
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[8]:https://www.gitkraken.com/
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[9]:/files/images/gitgui2jpg
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[10]:https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/gitgui_2.jpg?itok=Y8crSLhf (GitKraken)
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[11]:https://git-cola.github.io/
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[12]:/files/images/gitgui3jpg
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[13]:https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/gitgui_3.jpg?itok=bS9OYPQo (Git Cola)
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[14]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
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