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How to set up IPv6 BGP peering and filtering in Quagga BGP router
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================================================================================
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In the previous tutorials, we demonstrated how we can set up a [full-fledged BGP router][1] and configure [prefix filtering][2] with Quagga. In this tutorial, we are going to show you how we can set up IPv6 BGP peering and advertise IPv6 prefixes through BGP. We will also demonstrate how we can filter IPv6 prefixes advertised or received by using prefix-list and route-map features.
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### Topology ###
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For this tutorial, we will be considering the following topology.
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![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8599/15944659374_1c65852df2_c.jpg)
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Service providers A and B want to establish an IPv6 BGP peering between them. Their IPv6 and AS information is as follows.
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- Peering IP block: 2001:DB8:3::/64
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- Service provider A: AS 100, 2001:DB8:1::/48
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- Service provider B: AS 200, 2001:DB8:2::/48
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### Installing Quagga on CentOS/RHEL ###
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If Quagga has not already been installed, we can install it using yum.
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# yum install quagga
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On CentOS/RHEL 7, the default SELinux policy, which prevents /usr/sbin/zebra from writing to its configuration directory, can interfere with the setup procedure we are going to describe. Thus we want to disable this policy as follows. Skip this step if you are using CentOS/RHEL 6.
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# setsebool -P zebra_write_config 1
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### Creating Configuration Files ###
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After installation, we start the configuration process by creating the zebra/bgpd configuration files.
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# cp /usr/share/doc/quagga-XXXXX/zebra.conf.sample /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
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# cp /usr/share/doc/quagga-XXXXX/bgpd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
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Next, enable auto-start of these services.
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**On CentOS/RHEL 6:**
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# service zebra start; service bgpd start
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# chkconfig zebra on; chkconfig bgpd on
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**On CentOS/RHEL 7:**
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# systemctl start zebra; systemctl start bgpd
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# systemctl enable zebra; systmectl enable bgpd
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Quagga provides a built-in shell called vtysh, whose interface is similar to those of major router vendors such as Cisco or Juniper. Launch vtysh command shell:
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# vtysh
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The prompt will be changed to:
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router-a#
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or
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router-b#
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In the rest of the tutorials, these prompts indicate that you are inside vtysh shell of either router.
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### Specifying Log File for Zebra ###
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Let's configure the log file for Zebra, which will be helpful for debugging.
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First, enter the global configuration mode by typing:
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router-a# configure terminal
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The prompt will be changed to:
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router-a(config)#
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Now specify log file location. Then exit the configuration mode:
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router-a(config)# log file /var/log/quagga/quagga.log
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router-a(config)# exit
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Save configuration permanently by:
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router-a# write
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### Configuring Interface IP Addresses ###
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Let's now configure the IP addresses for Quagga's physical interfaces.
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First, we check the available interfaces from inside vtysh.
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router-a# show interfaces
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----------
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Interface eth0 is up, line protocol detection is disabled
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## OUTPUT TRUNCATED ###
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Interface eth1 is up, line protocol detection is disabled
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## OUTPUT TRUNCATED ##
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Now we assign necessary IPv6 addresses.
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router-a# conf terminal
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router-a(config)# interface eth0
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router-a(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:3::1/64
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router-a(config-if)# interface eth1
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router-a(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::1/64
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We use the same method to assign IPv6 addresses to router-B. I am summarizing the configuration below.
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router-b# show running-config
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----------
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interface eth0
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ipv6 address 2001:db8:3::2/64
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interface eth1
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ipv6 address 2001:db8:2::1/64
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Since the eth0 interface of both routers are in the same subnet, i.e., 2001:DB8:3::/64, you should be able to ping from one router to another. Make sure that you can ping successfully before moving on to the next step.
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router-a# ping ipv6 2001:db8:3::2
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----------
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PING 2001:db8:3::2(2001:db8:3::2) 56 data bytes
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64 bytes from 2001:db8:3::2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.20 ms
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64 bytes from 2001:db8:3::2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.05 ms
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### Phase 1: IPv6 BGP Peering ###
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In this section, we will configure IPv6 BGP between the two routers. We start by specifying BGP neighbors in router-A.
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router-a# conf t
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router-a(config)# router bgp 100
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router-a(config-router)# no auto-summary
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router-a(config-router)# no synchronization
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router-a(config-router)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::2 remote-as 200
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Next, we define the address family for IPv6. Within the address family section, we will define the network to be advertised, and activate the neighbors as well.
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router-a(config-router)# address-family ipv6
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router-a(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8:1::/48
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router-a(config-router-af)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::2 activate
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We will go through the same configuration for router-B. I'm providing the summary of the configuration.
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router-b# conf t
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router-b(config)# router bgp 200
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router-b(config-router)# no auto-summary
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router-b(config-router)# no synchronization
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router-b(config-router)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::1 remote-as 100
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router-b(config-router)# address-family ipv6
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router-b(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8:2::/48
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router-b(config-router-af)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::1 activate
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If all goes well, an IPv6 BGP session should be up between the two routers. If not already done, please make sure that necessary ports (TCP 179) are [open in your firewall][3].
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We can check IPv6 BGP session information using the following commands.
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**For BGP summary:**
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router-a# show bgp ipv6 unicast summary
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**For BGP advertised routes:**
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router-a# show bgp ipv6 neighbors <neighbor-IPv6-address> advertised-routes
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**For BGP received routes:**
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router-a# show bgp ipv6 neighbors <neighbor-IPv6-address> routes
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![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7317/16379555088_6e29cb6884_b.jpg)
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### Phase 2: Filtering IPv6 Prefixes ###
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As we can see from the above output, the routers are advertising their full /48 IPv6 prefix. For demonstration purposes, we will consider the following requirements.
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- Router-B will advertise one /64 prefix, one /56 prefix, as well as one full /48 prefix.
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- Router-A will accept any IPv6 prefix owned by service provider B, which has a netmask length between /56 and /64.
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We are going to filter the prefix as required, using prefix-list and route-map in router-A.
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![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7367/16381297417_6549218289_c.jpg)
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#### Modifying prefix advertisement for Router-B ####
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Currently, router-B is advertising only one /48 prefix. We will modify router-B's BGP configuration so that it advertises additional /56 and /64 prefixes as well.
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router-b# conf t
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router-b(config)# router bgp 200
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router-b(config-router)# address-family ipv6
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router-b(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8:2::/56
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router-b(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8:2::/64
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We will verify that all prefixes are received at router-A.
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![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8598/16379761980_7c083ae977_b.jpg)
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Great! As we are receiving all prefixes in router-A, we will move forward and create prefix-list and route-map entries to filter these prefixes.
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#### Creating Prefix-List ####
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As described in the [previous tutorial][4], prefix-list is a mechanism that is used to match an IP address prefix with a subnet length. Once a matched prefix is found, we can apply filtering or other actions to the matched prefix. To meet our requirements, we will go ahead and create a necessary prefix-list entry in router-A.
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router-a# conf t
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router-a(config)# ipv6 prefix-list FILTER-IPV6-PRFX permit 2001:DB8:2::/56 le 64
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The above commands will create a prefix-list entry named 'FILTER-IPV6-PRFX' which will match any prefix in the 2001:DB8:2:: pool with a netmask between 56 and 64.
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#### Creating and Applying Route-Map ####
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Now that the prefix-list entry is created, we will create a corresponding route-map rule which uses the prefix-list entry.
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router-a# conf t
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router-a(config)# route-map FILTER-IPV6-RMAP permit 10
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router-a(config-route-map)# match ipv6 address prefix-list FILTER-IPV6-PRFX
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The above commands will create a route-map rule named 'FILTER-IPV6-RMAP'. This rule will permit IPv6 addresses matched by the prefix-list 'FILTER-IPV6-PRFX' that we have created earlier.
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Remember that a route-map rule is only effective when it is applied to a neighbor or an interface in a certain direction. We will apply the route-map in the BGP neighbor configuration. As the filter is meant for inbound prefixes, we apply the route-map in the inbound direction.
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router-a# conf t
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router-a(config)# router bgp 100
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router-a(config-router)# address-family ipv6
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router-a(config-router-af)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::2 route-map FILTER-IPV6-RMAP in
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Now when we check the routes received at router-A, we should see only two prefixes that are allowed.
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![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7337/16379762020_ec2dc39b31_c.jpg)
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**Note**: You may need to reset the BGP session for the route-map to take effect.
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All IPv6 BGP sessions can be restarted using the following command:
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router-a# clear bgp ipv6 *
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I am summarizing the configuration of both routers so you get a clear picture at a glance.
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![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8672/16567240165_eee4398dc8_c.jpg)
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### Summary ###
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To sum up, this tutorial focused on how to set up BGP peering and filtering using IPv6. We showed how to advertise IPv6 prefixes to a neighboring BGP router, and how to filter the prefixes advertised or received are advertised. Note that the process described in this tutorial may affect production networks of a service provider, so please use caution.
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Hope this helps.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/ipv6-bgp-peering-filtering-quagga-bgp-router.html
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作者:[Sarmed Rahman][a]
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/sarmed
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/centos-bgp-router-quagga.html
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/filter-bgp-routes-quagga-bgp-router.html
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[3]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/open-port-firewall-centos-rhel.html
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[4]:http://xmodulo.com/filter-bgp-routes-quagga-bgp-router.html
|
@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
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如何设置在Quagga BGP路由器中设置IPv6的BGP对等体和过滤
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================================================================================
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在之前的教程中,我们演示了如何使用Quagga建立一个[完备的BGP路由器][1]和配置[前缀过滤][2]。在本教程中,我们会向你演示如何创建IPv6 BGP对等体并通过BGP通告IPv6前缀。同时我们也将演示如何使用前缀列表和路由映射特性来过滤通告的或者获取到的IPv6前缀。
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### 拓扑 ###
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教程中,我们主要参考如下拓扑。
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![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8599/15944659374_1c65852df2_c.jpg)
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服务供应商A和B希望在他们之间建立一个IPv6的BGP对等体。他们的IPv6地址和AS信息如下所示。
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- 对等体IP块: 2001:DB8:3::/64
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- 供应商A: AS 100, 2001:DB8:1::/48
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- 供应商B: AS 200, 2001:DB8:2::/48
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### CentOS/RHEL安装Quagga ###
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如果Quagga还没有安装,我们可以先使用yum安装。
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# yum install quagga
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在CentOS/RHEL 7,SELinux策略会默认的阻止对于/usr/sbin/zebra配置目录的写操作,这会对我们将要介绍的安装操作有所影响。因此我们需要像下面这样关闭这个策略。如果你使用的是CentOS/RHEL 6可以跳过这一步。
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# setsebool -P zebra_write_config 1
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### 创建配置文件 ###
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在安装过后,我们先创建配置文件zebra/bgpd作为配置流程的开始。
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# cp /usr/share/doc/quagga-XXXXX/zebra.conf.sample /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
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# cp /usr/share/doc/quagga-XXXXX/bgpd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
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然后,允许这些服务开机自启。
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**在 CentOS/RHEL 6:**
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# service zebra start; service bgpd start
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# chkconfig zebra on; chkconfig bgpd on
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**在 CentOS/RHEL 7:**
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# systemctl start zebra; systemctl start bgpd
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# systemctl enable zebra; systmectl enable bgpd
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Quagga内部提供一个叫作vtysh的shell,其界面与那些主流路由厂商Cisco或Juniper十分相似。启动vtysh shell命令行:
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# vtysh
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提示将改为:
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router-a#
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或
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router-b#
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在教程的其余部分,这个提示可以表明你正身处在哪个路由的vtysh shell中。
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### 为Zebra指定日志文件 ###
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来为Zebra配置日志文件,这会有助于调试。
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首先,进入全局配置模式通过输入:
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router-a# configure terminal
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提示将变更成:
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router-a(config)#
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指定日志文件的位置。然后退出配置模式:
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router-a(config)# log file /var/log/quagga/quagga.log
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router-a(config)# exit
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保存配置通过:
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router-a# write
|
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### 配置接口IP地址 ###
|
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|
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现在,让我们为Quagga的物理接口配置IP地址。
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|
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首先,查看一下vtysh中现有的接口。
|
||||
|
||||
router-a# show interfaces
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
Interface eth0 is up, line protocol detection is disabled
|
||||
## OUTPUT TRUNCATED ###
|
||||
Interface eth1 is up, line protocol detection is disabled
|
||||
## OUTPUT TRUNCATED ##
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们配置IPv6地址。
|
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|
||||
router-a# conf terminal
|
||||
router-a(config)# interface eth0
|
||||
router-a(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:3::1/64
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||||
router-a(config-if)# interface eth1
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router-a(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::1/64
|
||||
|
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在路由B上采用同样的方式分配IPv6地址。我将配置汇总成如下。
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|
||||
router-b# show running-config
|
||||
|
||||
----------
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||||
|
||||
interface eth0
|
||||
ipv6 address 2001:db8:3::2/64
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||||
|
||||
interface eth1
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ipv6 address 2001:db8:2::1/64
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由于两台路由的eth0端口同属一个子网,即2001:DB8:3::/64,你应该可以相互ping通。在保证ping通的情况下,我们开始下面的内容。
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|
||||
router-a# ping ipv6 2001:db8:3::2
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----------
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PING 2001:db8:3::2(2001:db8:3::2) 56 data bytes
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64 bytes from 2001:db8:3::2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.20 ms
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64 bytes from 2001:db8:3::2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.05 ms
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### 步骤 1: IPv6 BGP 对等体 ###
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||||
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本段,我们将在两个路由之间配置IPv6 BGP。首先,我们在路由A上指定BGP邻居。
|
||||
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||||
router-a# conf t
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||||
router-a(config)# router bgp 100
|
||||
router-a(config-router)# no auto-summary
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||||
router-a(config-router)# no synchronization
|
||||
router-a(config-router)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::2 remote-as 200
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||||
然后,我们定义IPv6的地址族。在地址族中,我们需要定义要通告的网段,并激活邻居。
|
||||
|
||||
router-a(config-router)# address-family ipv6
|
||||
router-a(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8:1::/48
|
||||
router-a(config-router-af)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::2 activate
|
||||
|
||||
我们在路由B上也实施相同的配置。这里提供我归总后的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
router-b# conf t
|
||||
router-b(config)# router bgp 200
|
||||
router-b(config-router)# no auto-summary
|
||||
router-b(config-router)# no synchronization
|
||||
router-b(config-router)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::1 remote-as 100
|
||||
router-b(config-router)# address-family ipv6
|
||||
router-b(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8:2::/48
|
||||
router-b(config-router-af)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::1 activate
|
||||
|
||||
如果一切顺利,在路由间将会形成一个IPv6 BGP会话。如果失败了,请确保[在防火墙中开启了][3]必要的端口(TCP 179)。
|
||||
|
||||
我们使用以下命令来确认IPv6 BGP会话的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
**查看BGP汇总:**
|
||||
|
||||
router-a# show bgp ipv6 unicast summary
|
||||
|
||||
**查看BGP通告的路由:**
|
||||
|
||||
router-a# show bgp ipv6 neighbors <neighbor-IPv6-address> advertised-routes
|
||||
|
||||
**查看BGP获得的路由:**
|
||||
|
||||
router-a# show bgp ipv6 neighbors <neighbor-IPv6-address> routes
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7317/16379555088_6e29cb6884_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 2: 过滤IPv6前缀 ###
|
||||
|
||||
正如我们在上面看到的输出信息那样,路由间通告了他们完整的/48 IPv6前缀。出于演示的目的,我们会考虑以下要求。
|
||||
|
||||
- Router-B将通告一个/64前缀,一个/56前缀,和一个完整的/48前缀.
|
||||
- Router-A将接受任由B提供的何形式的IPv6前缀,其中包含有/56和/64之间的网络掩码长度。
|
||||
|
||||
我们将根据需要过滤的前缀,来使用路由器的前缀列表和路由映射。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7367/16381297417_6549218289_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
#### 为路由B修改通告的前缀 ####
|
||||
|
||||
目前,路由B只通告一个/48前缀。我们修改路由B的BGP配置使它可以通告额外的/56和/64前缀。
|
||||
|
||||
router-b# conf t
|
||||
router-b(config)# router bgp 200
|
||||
router-b(config-router)# address-family ipv6
|
||||
router-b(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8:2::/56
|
||||
router-b(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8:2::/64
|
||||
|
||||
我们将路由A上验证了所有的前缀都获得到了。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8598/16379761980_7c083ae977_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
太好了!我们在路由A上收到了所有的前缀,那么我们可以更进一步创建前缀列表和路由映射来过滤这些前缀。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 创建前缀列表 ####
|
||||
|
||||
就像在[上则教程中][4]描述的那样,前缀列表是一种机制用来匹配带有子网长度的IP地址前缀。按照我们指定的需求,我们需要在路由A的前缀列表中创建一则必要的条目。
|
||||
|
||||
router-a# conf t
|
||||
router-a(config)# ipv6 prefix-list FILTER-IPV6-PRFX permit 2001:DB8:2::/56 le 64
|
||||
|
||||
以上的命令会创建一个名为'FILTER-IPV6-PRFX'的前缀列表,用以匹配任何2001:DB8:2::池内掩码在56和64之间的所有前缀。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 创建并应用路由映射 ####
|
||||
|
||||
现在已经在前缀列表中创建了条目,我们也应该相应的创建一条使用此条目的路由映射规则了。
|
||||
|
||||
router-a# conf t
|
||||
router-a(config)# route-map FILTER-IPV6-RMAP permit 10
|
||||
router-a(config-route-map)# match ipv6 address prefix-list FILTER-IPV6-PRFX
|
||||
|
||||
以上的命令会创建一条名为'FILTER-IPV6-RMAP'的路由映射规则。这则规则将会允许与之前在前缀列表中创建'FILTER-IPV6-PRFX'所匹配的IPv6
|
||||
|
||||
要记住路由映射规则只有在应用在邻居或者端口的指定方向时才有效。我们将把路由映射应用到BGP的邻居配置中。我们将路由映射应用于入方向,作为进入路由端的前缀过滤器。
|
||||
|
||||
router-a# conf t
|
||||
router-a(config)# router bgp 100
|
||||
router-a(config-router)# address-family ipv6
|
||||
router-a(config-router-af)# neighbor 2001:DB8:3::2 route-map FILTER-IPV6-RMAP in
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们在路由A上再查看一边获得到的路由,我们应该只能看见两个被允许的前缀了。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7337/16379762020_ec2dc39b31_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**: 你可能需要重置BGP会话来刷新路由表。
|
||||
|
||||
所有IPv6的BGP会话可以使用以下的命令重启:
|
||||
|
||||
router-a# clear bgp ipv6 *
|
||||
|
||||
我汇总了两个路由的配置,并做成了一张清晰的图片以便阅读。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8672/16567240165_eee4398dc8_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
总结一下,这篇教程重点在于如何创建BGP对等体和IPv6的过滤。我们演示了如何向邻居BGP路由通告IPv6前缀,和如何过滤通告前缀或获得的通告。需要注意,本教程使用的过程可能会对网络供应商的网络运作有所影响,请谨慎参考。
|
||||
|
||||
希望这些对你有用。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/ipv6-bgp-peering-filtering-quagga-bgp-router.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Sarmed Rahman][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/sarmed
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/centos-bgp-router-quagga.html
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/filter-bgp-routes-quagga-bgp-router.html
|
||||
[3]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/open-port-firewall-centos-rhel.html
|
||||
[4]:http://xmodulo.com/filter-bgp-routes-quagga-bgp-router.html
|
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user