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Brooke Lau
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@ -7,18 +7,10 @@
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/6-ways-to-send-email-from-the-linux-command-line/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line
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Linux 命令行发送邮件的 6 种方法
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======
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Sending email from the command line is required when you need to create emails from a shell script.
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There are several commands on Linux to send emails from the Linux command line.
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I’ve included the Top 6 Command Line Mail Clients in this tutorial.
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You can use any one of the following to send email from the Linux command line.
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This can be done using the following six commands.
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当你需要在 shell 脚本中创建邮件时，就需要用到命令行发送邮件的知识。Linux 中有很多命令可以实现发送邮件。本教程中包含了命令行邮件客户端的 Top 6，你可以选择其中一个。6 个命令分别是：
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* mail
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* mailx
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@ -29,53 +21,41 @@ This can be done using the following six commands.
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### How does it work?
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### 工作原理
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Let me give you an overall explanation of how the mail command delivers the mails to recipients on Linux.
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我先从整体上来解释下Linux中邮件命令怎么把邮件传递给收件人的。邮件命令（如 sendmail，postfix）生成邮件并发送给一个本地的邮件传输代理（MTA）。本质上发送和接收邮件时邮件服务器和远程邮件服务器之间的通信。下面的流程可以看得更详细。
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The mail command compose emails and sends them to a local mail transfer agent (MTA), such as sendmail, postfix, and so on.
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The mail server actually communicates with remote mail servers for sending and receiving emails.
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### 1) Linux 安装 mail 命令
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The flow chart below can explain more about that.
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[![][1]][2]
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### 1) How to Install mail Command on Linux
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The mail command is most popular command to send emails from Linux terminal.
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The mail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows.
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For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mailutils.
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mail 命令是 Linux 终端发送邮件使用次数最多的命令。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 mail 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 mailutils。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install mailutils
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```
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For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mailx.
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对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 mailx。
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```
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$ sudo yum install mailx
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```
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For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mailx.
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对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 mailx。
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```
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$ sudo dnf install mailx
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```
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### 1a) How to Use mail Command on Linux to Send a Mail
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### 1a) Linux 安装 mail 命令后发送邮件
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It’s straightforward and easy to use.
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Use the following format to send mail using the mail command without an attachment.
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mail 命令简单易用。如果你不需要发送附件，使用下面的 mail 命令格式就可以发送邮件了。
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```
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$ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -s "Subject" [email protected]
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```
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Use the following format to send mail using the mail command with attachment.
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如果你要发送附件，使用下面的 mail 命令格式。
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```
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$ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -a test1.txt -s "Subject" [email protected]
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@ -91,165 +71,131 @@ $ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -a test1.txt -s "Subject" [email protected
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+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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```
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### 2) How to Install mutt Command on Linux
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### 2) Linux 安装 mutt 命令
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The mutt is another popular command to send emails from Linux terminal.
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Mutt is a small but very powerful text based program for reading and sending electronic mail under unix operating systems, including support for color terminals, MIME, OpenPGP, and a threaded sorting mode.
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The mail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows.
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For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mutt.
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mutt 是另一个 Linux 终端发送邮件很受欢迎的命令。mutt 是一个小而强大的基于文本的程序，用来阅读和发送 unix 操作系统的电子邮件，功能支持多彩终端、MIME、OpenPGP和按邮件线索排序的模式。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 mutt 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 mutt。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install mutt
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```
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For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mutt.
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对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 mutt。
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```
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$ sudo yum install mutt
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```
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For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mutt.
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对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 mutt。
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```
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$ sudo dnf install mutt
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```
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### 2b) How to Use mutt Command on Linux to Send a Mail
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### 2b) Linux 使用 mutt 命令发送邮件
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This is also straightforward and easy to use.
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Use the following format to send mail using the mutt command without an attachment.
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mutt 也是简单易用的。如果你不需要发送附件，使用下面的 mutt 命令格式就可以发送邮件了。
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```
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$ echo "This is the mail body" | mutt -s "Subject" [email protected]
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```
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Use the following format to send mail using the mutt command with attachment.
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如果你要发送附件，使用下面的 mutt 命令格式。
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```
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$ echo "This is the mail body" | mutt -s "Subject" [email protected] -a test1.txt
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```
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### 3) How to Install mpack Command on Linux
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### 3) Linux 安装 mpack 命令
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The mpack is another popular command to send emails from Linux terminal.
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The mpack program encodes the the named file in one or more MIME messages. The resulting messages are mailed to one or more recipients.
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The mpack command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows.
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For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mpack.
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mpack 是另一个 Linux 终端发送邮件很受欢迎的命令。mpack 程序会对 MIME 消息中文件进行编码。编码后的消息被发送到一个或多个收件人。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 mpack 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 mpack。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install mpack
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```
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For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mpack.
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对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 mpack。
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```
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$ sudo yum install mpack
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```
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For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mpack.
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对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 mpack。
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```
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$ sudo dnf install mpack
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```
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### 3a) How to Use mpack Command on Linux to Send a Mail
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### 3a) Linux 使用 mpack 命令发送邮件
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This is also straight forward and easy to use.
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Use the following format to send mail using the mpack command without an attachment.
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mpack 也是简单易用的。如果你不需要发送附件，使用下面的 mpack 命令格式就可以发送邮件了。
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```
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$ echo "This is the mail body" | mpack -s "Subject" [email protected]
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```
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Use the following format to send mail using the mpack command with attachment.
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如果你要发送附件，使用下面的 mpack 命令格式。
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```
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$ echo "This is the mail body" | mpack -s "Subject" [email protected] -a test1.txt
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```
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### 4) How to Install mail Command on Linux
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### 4) Linux 安装 mailx 命令
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Mailx is the newer version of mail command.
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It is based on Berkeley Mail 8.1, is intended to provide the functionality of the POSIX mailx command, and offers extensions for MIME, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, and S/MIME.
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Mailx provides enhanced features for interactive use, such as caching message threading, scoring, and filtering.
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The mailx command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows.
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For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mailutils.
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mailx 是 mail 命令的更新版本，基于 Berkeley Mail 8.1，意在提供 POSIX mailx 命令的功能和支持MIME、IMAP、POP3、SMTP和S/MIME 的扩展。mailx 在某些交互特性上更加强大，如缓冲邮件消息、排序和过滤等。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 mailx 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 mailutils。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install mailutils
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```
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For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mailx.
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对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 mailx。
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```
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$ sudo yum install mailx
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```
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For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mailx.
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对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 mailx。
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```
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$ sudo dnf install mailx
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```
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### 4a) How to Use mailx Command on Linux to Send a Mail
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### 4a) Linux 使用 mailx 命令发送邮件
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It’s straight forward and easy to use.
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Use the following format to send mail using the mailx command without an attachment.
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mailx 也是简单易用的。如果你不需要发送附件，使用下面的 mail 命令格式就可以发送邮件了。
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```
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$ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -s "Subject" [email protected]
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```
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Use the following format to send mail using the mailx command with attachment.
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如果你要发送附件，使用下面的 mail 命令格式。
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```
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$ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -a test1.txt -s "Subject" [email protected]
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```
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### 5) How to Install sendmail Command on Linux
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### 5) Linux 安装 sendmail 命令
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Sendmail is a most popular and general purpose SMTP server used in most of Linux distribution.
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Also, it allows you to sending email from command line.
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The sendmail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows.
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For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install sendmail.
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sendmail 是一个 Linux 上广泛使用的 SMTP 服务器，你也可以从命令行用 sendmail 发邮件。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 sendmail 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 sendmail。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install sendmail
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```
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For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install sendmail.
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对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 sendmail。
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```
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$ sudo yum install sendmail
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```
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For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install sendmail.
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对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 sendmail。
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```
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$ sudo dnf install sendmail
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```
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### 5a) How to Use sendmail Command on Linux to Send a Mail
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### 5a) Linux 使用 sendmail 命令发送邮件
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It’s straight forward and easy to use.
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Use the following format to send mail using the sendmail command.
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sendmail 也是简单易用的。使用下面的 sendmail 命令格式发送邮件。
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```
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$ echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\nThis is the mail body" > /tmp/send-mail.txt
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@ -259,37 +205,29 @@ $ echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\nThis is the mail body" > /tmp/send-mail.txt
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$ sendmail [email protected] < send-mail.txt
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```
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### 6) How to Install ssmtp Command on Linux
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### 6) Linux 安装 ssmtp 命令
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ssmtp is a send-only sendmail emulator for machines which delivers email from a local computer to a configured mailhost (mailhub).
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SSMTP allows users to transfer emails through an SMTP server from the Linux command line.
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The sendmail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows.
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For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install ssmtp.
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ssmtp 是类似 sendmail 的一个只发送不接收的工具，可以把邮件从本地计算机传递到配置好的 mailhost（mailhub）。用户可以在 Linux 命令行用 SSMTP 把邮件发送到 SMTP 服务器。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 ssmtp 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 ssmtp。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install ssmtp
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```
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For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install ssmtp.
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对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 ssmtp。
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```
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$ sudo yum install ssmtp
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```
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For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install ssmtp.
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对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 ssmtp。
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```
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$ sudo dnf install ssmtp
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```
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### 6a) How to Use ssmtp Command on Linux to Send a Mail
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### 6a) Linux 使用 ssmtp 命令发送邮件
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It’s straight forward and easy to use.
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Use the following format to send mail using the ssmtp command.
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ssmtp 也是简单易用的。使用下面的 sendmail 命令格式发送邮件。
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```
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$ echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\nThis is the mail body" > /tmp/ssmtp-mail.txt
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@ -305,7 +243,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/6-ways-to-send-email-from-the-linux-command-line/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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译者：[lxbwolf](https://github.com/lxbwolf)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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