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@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (robsean)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (3 Ways to Install Deb Files on Ubuntu Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-ubuntu)
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[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
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3 Ways to Install Deb Files on Ubuntu Linux
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======
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**This beginner article explains how to install deb packages in Ubuntu. It also shows you how to remove those deb packages afterwards.**
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This is another article in the Ubuntu beginner series. If you are absolutely new to Ubuntu, you might wonder about [how to install applications][1].
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The easiest way is to use the Ubuntu Software Center. Search for an application by its name and install it from there.
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Life would be too simple if you could find all the applications in the Software Center. But that does not happen, unfortunately.
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Some software are available via DEB packages. These are archived files that end with .deb extension.
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You can think of .deb files as the .exe files in Windows. You double click on the .exe file and it starts the installation procedure in Windows. DEB packages are pretty much the same.
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You can find these DEB packages from the download section of the software provider’s website. For example, if you want to [install Google Chrome on Ubuntu][2], you can download the DEB package of Chrome from its website.
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Now the question arises, how do you install deb files? There are multiple ways of installing DEB packages in Ubuntu. I’ll show them to you one by one in this tutorial.
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![Install deb files in Ubuntu][3]
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### Installing .deb files in Ubuntu and Debian-based Linux Distributions
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You can choose a GUI tool or a command line tool for installing a deb package. The choice is yours.
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Let’s go on and see how to install deb files.
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#### Method 1: Use the default Software Center
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The simplest method is to use the default software center in Ubuntu. You have to do nothing special here. Simply go to the folder where you have downloaded the .deb file (it should be the Downloads folder) and double click on this file.
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![Google Chrome deb file on Ubuntu][4]Double click on the downloaded .deb file to start installation
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It will open the software center and you should see the option to install the software. All you have to do is to hit the install button and enter your login password.
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![Install Google Chrome in Ubuntu Software Center][5]The installation of deb file will be carried out via Software Center
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See, it’s even simple than installing from a .exe files on Windows, isn’t it?
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#### Method 2: Use Gdebi application for installing deb packages with dependencies
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Again, life would be a lot simpler if things always go smooth. But that’s not life as we know it.
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Now that you know that .deb files can be easily installed via Software Center, let me tell you about the dependency error that you may encounter with some packages.
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What happens is that a program may be dependent on another piece of software (libraries). When the developer is preparing the DEB package for you, he/she may assume that your system already has that piece of software on your system.
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But if that’s not the case and your system doesn’t have those required pieces of software, you’ll encounter the infamous ‘dependency error’.
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The Software Center cannot handle such errors on its own so you have to use another tool called [gdebi][6].
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gdebi is a lightweight GUI application that has the sole purpose of installing deb packages.
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It identifies the dependencies and tries to install these dependencies along with installing the .deb files.
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![gdebi handling dependency while installing deb package][7]Image Credit: [Xmodulo][8]
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Personally, I prefer gdebi over software center for installing deb files. It is a lightweight application so the installation seems quicker. You can read in detail about [using gDebi and making it the default for installing DEB packages][6].
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You can install gdebi from the software center or using the command below:
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```
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sudo apt install gdebi
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```
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#### Method 3: Install .deb files in command line using dpkg
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If you want to install deb packages in command lime, you can use either apt command or dpkg command. Apt command actually uses [dpkg command][9] underneath it but apt is more popular and easy to use.
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If you want to use the apt command for deb files, use it like this:
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```
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sudo apt install path_to_deb_file
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```
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If you want to use dpkg command for installing deb packages, here’s how to do it:
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```
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sudo dpkg -i path_to_deb_file
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```
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In both commands, you should replace the path_to_deb_file with the path and name of the deb file you have downloaded.
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![Install deb files using dpkg command in Ubuntu][10]Installing deb files using dpkg command in Ubuntu
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If you get a dependency error while installing the deb packages, you may use the following command to fix the dependency issues:
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```
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sudo apt install -f
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```
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### How to remove deb packages
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Removing a deb package is not a big deal as well. And no, you don’t need the original deb file that you had used for installing the program.
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#### Method 1: Remove deb packages using apt commands
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All you need is the name of the program that you have installed and then you can use apt or dpkg to remove that program.
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```
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sudo apt remove program_name
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```
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Now the question comes, how do you find the exact program name that you need to use in the remove command? The apt command has a solution for that as well.
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You can find the list of all installed files with apt command but manually going through this will be a pain. So you can use the grep command to search for your package.
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For example, I installed AppGrid application in the previous section but if I want to know the exact program name, I can use something like this:
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```
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sudo apt list --installed | grep grid
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```
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This will give me all the packages that have grid in their name and from there, I can get the exact program name.
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```
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apt list --installed | grep grid
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WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
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appgrid/now 0.298 all [installed,local]
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```
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As you can see, a program called appgrid has been installed. Now you can use this program name with the apt remove command.
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#### Method 2: Remove deb packages using dpkg commands
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You can use dpkg to find the installed program’s name:
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```
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dpkg -l | grep grid
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```
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The output will give all the packages installed that has grid in its name.
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```
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dpkg -l | grep grid
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ii appgrid 0.298 all Discover and install apps for Ubuntu
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```
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ii in the above command output means package has been correctly installed.
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Now that you have the program name, you can use dpkg command to remove it:
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```
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dpkg -r program_name
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```
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**Tip: Updating deb packages**
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Some deb packages (like Chrome) provide updates through system updates but for most other programs, you’ll have to remove the existing program and install the newer version.
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I hope this beginner guide helped you to install deb packages on Ubuntu. I added the remove part so that you’ll have better control over the programs you installed.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-ubuntu
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-chrome-ubuntu/
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[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/deb-packages-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
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[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/install-google-chrome-ubuntu-4.jpeg?resize=800%2C347&ssl=1
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[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/install-google-chrome-ubuntu-5.jpeg?resize=800%2C516&ssl=1
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/gdebi-default-ubuntu-software-center/
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[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/gdebi-handling-dependency.jpg?ssl=1
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[8]: http://xmodulo.com
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[9]: https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/dpkg.html.en
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[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/install-deb-file-with-dpkg.png?ssl=1
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[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/deb-packages-ubuntu.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
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@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (robsean)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (3 Ways to Install Deb Files on Ubuntu Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-ubuntu)
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[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
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在 Ubuntu Linux 上安装 Deb 文件的 3 种方法
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======
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**这篇初学者文章解释了如何在 Ubuntu 中安装 deb 软件包。它稍后也向你展示如何移除这些 deb 软件包。**
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这是 Ubuntu 初学者系列的另一篇文章。如果你对 Ubuntu 很陌生，你可能会想知道 [如何安装应用程序][1]。
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最简单的方法是使用 Ubuntu 软件中心。在软件中心中搜索应用程序的名称并安装它。
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如果你能在软件中心中找到所有的应用程序，那么生活就太惬意了。但是，不幸的是，这是不可能的发生的。
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一些软件包可以通过 DEB 软件包的形式获得。它们是以 .deb 扩展名为结尾的存档文件。
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你可以把 .deb 文件看作为 Windows 中的 .exe 文件。在 Windows 中，你双击 .exe 文件，它将开始安装过程。DEB 软件包也是非常类似的。
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你可以从软件提供商网站的下载区域找到这些 DEB 软件包。例如，如果你想 [在 Ubuntu 上安装 Google Chrome][2] ，你可以从它的网站下载 Chrome 的 DEB 软件包。
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现在问题产生了，你将如何安装 deb 文件呢？在 Ubuntu 中有多种安装 DEB 软件包的方法。在这篇教程中，我将向你依次地展示它们。
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![在 Ubuntu 中安装 deb 文件][3]
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### 在 Ubuntu 和基于 Debian 的 Linux 发行版中安装 .deb 文件
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你可以选择一个 GUI 工具或一个命令行工具来安装一个 deb 软件包。你拥有选择权。
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让我们继续看看如何安装 deb 文件。
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#### 方法 1: 使用默认的软件中心
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在 Ubuntu 中，最简单的方法是使用默认的软件中心。在这里你不必要做任何特别的事。只需要转到你所下载的 .deb 文件的文件夹下 (它应该是 Downloads 文件夹)，并在这个文件上双击。
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![在 Ubuntu 上的 Google Chrome 的 deb 文件][4]
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在已下载的 .deb 文件上双击以开始安装。
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它将打开软件中心，并且你将看到安装软件时的选项。你所需要做的全部工作就是：点击安装按钮并输入你的登录密码。
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![在 Ubuntu 软件中心中安装 Google Chrome][5]
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.deb 文件的安装将通过软件中心来执行。
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看，它甚至比在 Windows 中安装一个 .exe 文件更简单，不是吗？
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#### 方法 2: 使用 Gdebi 应用程序来安装 deb 软件包及其依赖项
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再提一次，如果事情总是进展顺利，生活可能会更简单一些。但是生活并不是我们熟知的那样。
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现在，你已经知道 .deb 文件可以简单地通过软件中心来安装，接下来，让我告诉你一些软件包可能会遇到的依赖项的错误。
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发生的原因是，一个程序可能依赖于另外一个软件包（库）。当开发者为你准备 DEB 软件包时，他/她可能会假设你的系统中已经有了所依赖的软件包（库）。
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但是如果情况并不是这样的，你的系统没有这些所需要的软件包（库），你将遇到臭名昭著的 ‘依赖项错误’ 。
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软件中心不能处理这样的错误，因此你不得不使用另外一个名称为 [gdebi][6] 的工具。
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gdebi 是一个轻量级的 GUI 应用程序，它只有安装 deb 软件包的一个用途。
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它将识别依赖项，并尝试在安装 .deb 文件的同时安装这些依赖项。
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![gdebi 在安装 deb 软件包时处理依赖项][7]
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图像致谢: [Xmodulo][8]
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就我个人而言，我更喜欢使用 gdebi 而不是使用软件包中心来安装 deb 文件。它是一个轻量级应用程序，因此安装过程看起来更快一点。更多的信息，你可以阅读[使用 gDebi ，并使其成为安装 DEB 软件包的默认设置][6]。
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你可以从软件中心或使用下面的命令来安装 gdebi ：
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```
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sudo apt install gdebi
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```
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#### 方法 3: 在命令行中使用 dpkg 安装 .deb 文件
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如果你想在命令行中安装 deb 软件包，你可以使用 apt 命令或者 dpkg 命令。实际上，apt 命令在底层上使用 [dpkg][9] 命令，但是 apt 却更流行和易于使用。
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如果你想对 deb 文件使用 apt 命令，像这样使用它：
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```
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sudo apt install path_to_deb_file
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```
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如果你想对将要安装的 deb 软件包使用 dpkg 命令，在这里是如何完成它：
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```
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sudo dpkg -i path_to_deb_file
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```
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在这两个命令中，你应该使用你已下载的 deb 文件的路径和名称来替换 path_to_deb_file 。
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![在 Ubuntu 中使用 dpkg 命令安装 deb 文件][10]
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在 Ubuntu 中使用 dpkg 命令安装 deb 文件。
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如果你在安装 deb 软件包的过程中得到一个依赖项的错误，你可以使用下面的命令来修复依赖项的问题：
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```
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sudo apt install -f
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```
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### 如何移除 deb 软件包
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移除一个 deb 软件包也不是一件什么大事。并且，你不需要用于安装程序的原始的 deb 文件。
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#### 方法 1: 使用 apt 命令移除 deb 软件包
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你所需要的全部东西就是你所已安装程序的名称，接下来你可以使用 apt 或 dpkg 来移除这个程序。
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```
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sudo apt remove program_name
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```
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现在，问题来了，在移除命令中，你如何找到你所需要使用的准确的程序名称？为此，apt 命令也有一个解决方案。
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你可以使用 apt 命令找到所有已安装文件的列表，但是手动完成这一过程将会是一件令人头疼的事。因此，你可以使用 grep 命令来搜索你的软件包。
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|
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例如，在先前的部分中，我已安装 AppGrid 应用程序，但是如果我想知道准确的程序名称，我可以像这样使用一些东西：
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```
|
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sudo apt list --installed | grep grid
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```
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这将给予我全部的名称中含有 grid 的软件包，从这里，我可以得到准确的程序名称。
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|
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```
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apt list --installed | grep grid
|
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WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
|
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appgrid/now 0.298 all [installed,local]
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```
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|
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正如你所看到的，一个名称为 appgrid 的软件包已经安装。现在，你可以在 apt remove 命令中使用这个程序名称。
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#### 方法2: 使用 dpkg 命令移除 deb 软件包
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|
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你可以使用 dpkg 来找到已安装程序的名称：
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```
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dpkg -l | grep grid
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```
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该输出将给予所有的名称中有 grid 的软件包。
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```
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dpkg -l | grep grid
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ii appgrid 0.298 all Discover and install apps for Ubuntu
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```
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ii 在上面的命令输出中意味着软件包已经被正确地安装。
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现在，你有了程序名称，你可以使用 dpkg 命令来移除它：
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```
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dpkg -r program_name
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```
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**提示：更新 deb 软件包**
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一些 deb 软件包 （像 Chrome）通过系统更新来提供其更新，但是对于大多数的其它的程序，你将不得不先移除已存在的程序，并在接下来安装更新的版本。
|
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|
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我希望这篇初学者指南能够帮助你在 Ubuntu 上安装 deb 软件包。我添加移除部分，以便你可以更好地控制你所安装的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-chrome-ubuntu/
|
||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/deb-packages-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/install-google-chrome-ubuntu-4.jpeg?resize=800%2C347&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/install-google-chrome-ubuntu-5.jpeg?resize=800%2C516&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/gdebi-default-ubuntu-software-center/
|
||||
[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/gdebi-handling-dependency.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: http://xmodulo.com
|
||||
[9]: https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/dpkg.html.en
|
||||
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/install-deb-file-with-dpkg.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/deb-packages-ubuntu.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user