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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Organize your email with Notmuch)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/organize-email-notmuch)
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[#]: author: (Kevin Sonney https://opensource.com/users/ksonney)
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Organize your email with Notmuch
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======
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Notmuch indexes, tags, and sorts your email. Learn how to use it in the
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fourth article in our series on 20 ways to be more productive with open
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source in 2020.
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![Filing cabinet for organization][1]
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Last year, I brought you 19 days of new (to you) productivity tools for 2019. This year, I'm taking a different approach: building an environment that will allow you to be more productive in the new year, using tools you may or may not already be using.
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### Index your email with Notmuch
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Yesterday, I talked about how I use OfflineIMAP to [sync my mail][2] to my local machine. Today, I'll talk about how I preprocess all that mail before I read it.
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![Notmuch][3]
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[Maildir][4] is probably one of the most useful mail storage formats out there. And there are a LOT of tools to help with managing your mail. The one I keep coming back to is a little program called [Notmuch][5] that indexes, tags, and searches mail messages. And there are several programs that work with Notmuch to make it even easier to handle a large amount of mail.
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Most Linux distributions include Notmuch, and you can also get it for MacOS. Windows users can access it through Windows Subsystem for Linux ([WSL][6]), but it may require some additional tweaks.
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![Notmuch's first run][7]
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On Notmuch's very first run, it will ask you some questions and create a **.notmuch-config** file in your home directory. Next, index and tag all your mail by running **notmuch new**. You can verify it with **notmuch search tag:new**; this will find all messages with the "new" tag. That's probably a lot of mail since Notmuch uses the "new" tag to indicate messages that are new to it, so you'll want to clean that up.
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Run **notmuch search tag:unread** to find any unread messages; that should result in quite a lot less mail. To remove the "new" tag from messages you've already seen, run **notmuch tag -new not tag:unread**, which will search for all messages without the "unread" tag and remove the "new" tag from them. Now when you run **notmuch search tag:new**, it should show only the unread mail messages.
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Tagging messages in bulk is probably more useful, though, since manually updating tags at every run can be really tedious. The **\--batch** command-line option tells Notmuch to read multiple lines of commands and execute them. There is also the **\--input=filename** option, which reads commands from a file and applies them. I have a file called **tagmail.notmuch** that I use to add tags to mail that is "new"; it looks something like this:
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```
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# Manage sent, spam, and trash folders
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-unread -new folder:Trash
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-unread -new folder:Spam
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-unread -new folder:Sent
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# Note mail sent specifically to me (excluding bug mail)
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+to-me to:kevin at sonney.com and tag:new and not tag:to-me
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# And note all mail sent from me
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+sent from:kevin at sonney.com and tag:new and not tag:sent
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# Remove the new tag from messages
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-new tag:new
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```
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I can then run **notmuch tag --input=tagmail.notmuch** to bulk-process my mail messages after running **notmuch new**, and then I can search on those tags as well.
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Notmuch also supports running pre- and post-new hooks. These scripts, stored in **Maildir/.notmuch/hooks**, define actions to run before (pre-new) and after (post-new) to index new mail with **notmuch new**. In yesterday's article, I talked about using [OfflineIMAP][8] to sync mail from my IMAP server. It's very easy to run it from the "pre-new" hook:
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# Remove the new tag from messages that are still tagged as new
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notmuch tag -new tag:new
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# Sync mail messages
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offlineimap -a LocalSync -u quiet
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```
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You can also use the Python application [afew][9], which interfaces with the Notmuch database, to tag things like _Mailing List_ and _Spam_ for you. You can run afew from the post-new hook in a similar way:
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# tag with my custom tags
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notmuch tag --input=~/tagmail.notmuch
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# Run afew to tag new mail
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afew -t -n
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```
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I recommend that when using afew to tag messages, you do NOT use the **[ListMailsFilter]** since some mail handlers add obscure or downright junk List-ID headers to mail messages (I'm looking at you, Google).
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![alot email client][10]
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At this point, any mail reader that supports Notmuch or Maildir can work with my email. I'll sometimes use [alot][11], a Notmuch-specific client, to read mail at the console, but it's not as fancy as some other mail readers.
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In the coming days, I'll show you some other mail clients that will likely integrate with tools you already use. In the meantime, check out some of the other tools that work with Maildir mailboxes—you might find a hidden gem I've not tried yet.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/organize-email-notmuch
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作者：[Kevin Sonney][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ksonney
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/files_documents_organize_letter.png?itok=GTtiiabr (Filing cabinet for organization)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/sync-email-offlineimap
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[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_4-1.png (Notmuch)
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[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildir
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[5]: https://notmuchmail.org/
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[6]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_4-2.png (Notmuch's first run)
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[8]: http://www.offlineimap.org/
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[9]: https://afew.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
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[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_4-3.png (alot email client)
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[11]: https://github.com/pazz/alot
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109
translated/tech/20200114 Organize your email with Notmuch.md
Normal file
109
translated/tech/20200114 Organize your email with Notmuch.md
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@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Organize your email with Notmuch)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/organize-email-notmuch)
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[#]: author: (Kevin Sonney https://opensource.com/users/ksonney)
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使用 Notmuch 组织你的邮件
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======
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Notmuch 索引、标记和排序电子邮件。在我们的 20 个使用开源提升生产力的系列的第四篇文章中了解该如何使用。
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![Filing cabinet for organization][1]
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去年，我在 19 天里给你介绍了 19 个新（对你而言）的生产力工具。今年，我换了一种方式：使用你在使用或者还没使用的工具，构建一个使你可以在新一年更加高效的环境。
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### 用 Notmuch 为你的邮件建立索引
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昨天，我谈到了如何使用 OfflineIMAP [将我的邮件同步][2]到本地计算机。今天，我将讨论如何在阅读之前预处理所有邮件。
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![Notmuch][3]
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[Maildir][4] 可能是最有用的邮件存储格式之一。有很多工具可以帮助你管理邮件。我经常使用一个名为 [Notmuch][5] 的小程序，它能索引、标记和搜索邮件。Notmuch 配合其他几个程序一起使用可以使处理大量邮件更加容易。
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大多数 Linux 发行版都包含 Notmuch，你也可以在 MacOS 上获得它。Windows 用户可以通过 Linux 的 Windows 子系统（[WSL][6]）访问它，但可能需要进行一些其他调整。
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![Notmuch's first run][7]
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Notmuch 首次运行时，它将询问你一些问题，并在家目录中创建 **.notmuch-config** 文件。接下来，运行 **notmuch new** 来索引并标记所有邮件。你可以使用 **notmuch search tag:new** 进行验证，它会找到所有带有 “new” 标签的消息。这可能会有很多邮件，因为 Notmuch 使用 “new” 标签来指示新邮件，因此你需要对其进行清理。
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运行 **notmuch search tag:unread** 来查找未读消息，这会减少很多邮件。要从你已阅读的消息中删除 “new” 标签，请运行 **notmuch tag -new not tag:unread**，它将搜索所有没有 “unread” 标签的消息，并从其中删除 “new” 标签。现在，当你运行 **notmuch search tag:new**时，它将仅显示未读邮件。
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但是，批量标记消息可能更有用，因为在每次运行时手动更新标记可能非常繁琐。**\--batch** 命令行选项告诉 Notmuch 读取多行命令并执行它们。还有一个 **\--input=filename** 选项，该选项从文件中读取命令并应用它们。我有一个名为 **tagmail.notmuch** 的文件，用于给”新“邮件添加标签；它看起来像这样：
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```
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# Manage sent, spam, and trash folders
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-unread -new folder:Trash
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-unread -new folder:Spam
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-unread -new folder:Sent
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# Note mail sent specifically to me (excluding bug mail)
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+to-me to:kevin at sonney.com and tag:new and not tag:to-me
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# And note all mail sent from me
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+sent from:kevin at sonney.com and tag:new and not tag:sent
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# Remove the new tag from messages
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-new tag:new
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```
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我可以在运行 **notmuch new** 后运行 **notmuch tag --input=tagmail.notmuch** 批量处理我的邮件，之后我也可以搜索这些标签。
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Notmuch 还支持 pre-new 和 post-new 钩子。这些脚本存放在 **Maildir/.notmuch/hooks** 中，它们定义了在使用 **notmuch new** 索引新邮件之前（pre-new）和之后（post-new）要做的操作。在昨天的文章中，我谈到了使用 [OfflineIMAP][8] 同步来自 IMAP 服务器的邮件。从 “pre-new” 钩子运行它非常容易：
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# Remove the new tag from messages that are still tagged as new
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notmuch tag -new tag:new
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# Sync mail messages
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offlineimap -a LocalSync -u quiet
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```
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你还可以使用可以操作 Notmuch 数据库的 Python 应用 [afew][9]，来为你标记_邮件列表_和_垃圾邮件_。你可以用类似的方法在 post-new 钩子中使用 afew：
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# tag with my custom tags
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notmuch tag --input=~/tagmail.notmuch
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# Run afew to tag new mail
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afew -t -n
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```
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我建议你在使用 afew 标记邮件时，不要使用 **[ListMailsFilter]**，因为某些邮件处理程序会在邮件中添加模糊或者完全的垃圾列表中的标头（我说的是你 Google）。
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![alot email client][10]
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此时，任何支持 Notmuch 或 Maildir 的邮件阅读器都可以读取我的邮件。有时，我会使用 [alot][11]（一个 Notmuch 特定的客户端）在控制台中阅读邮件，但是它不像其他邮件阅读器那么美观。
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在接下来的几天，我将向你展示其他一些邮件客户端，它们可能会与你在使用的工具集成在一起。同时，请查看可与 Maildir 邮箱一起使用的其他工具。你可能会发现我没发现的好东西。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/organize-email-notmuch
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作者：[Kevin Sonney][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ksonney
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/files_documents_organize_letter.png?itok=GTtiiabr (Filing cabinet for organization)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/sync-email-offlineimap
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[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_4-1.png (Notmuch)
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[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildir
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[5]: https://notmuchmail.org/
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[6]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_4-2.png (Notmuch's first run)
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[8]: http://www.offlineimap.org/
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[9]: https://afew.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
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[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_4-3.png (alot email client)
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[11]: https://github.com/pazz/alot
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