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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (chen-ni)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Why startups should release their code as open source)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/5/startups-release-code)
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[#]: author: (Clément Flipo https://opensource.com/users/cl%C3%A9ment-flipo)
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Why startups should release their code as open source
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======
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Dokit wondered whether giving away its knowledge as open source was a
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bad business decision, but that choice has been the foundation of its
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success.
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![open source button on keyboard][1]
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It's always hard to recall exactly how a project started, but sometimes that can help you understand that project more clearly. When I think about it, our platform for creating user guides and documentation, [Dokit][2], came straight out of my childhood. Growing up in a house where my toys were Meccano and model airplane kits, the idea of making things, taking individual pieces and putting them together to create a new whole, was always a fundamental part of what it meant to play. My father worked for a DIY company, so there were always signs of building, repair, and instruction manuals around the house. When I was young, my parents sent me to join the Boy Scouts, where we made tables, tents and mud ovens, which helped foster my enjoyment of shared learning that I later found in the open source movement.
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The art of repairing things and recycling products that I learned in childhood became part of what I did for a job. Then it became my ambition to take the reassuring feel of learning how to make and do and repair at home or in a group—but put it online. That inspired Dokit's creation.
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### The first months
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It hasn't always been easy, but since founding our company in 2017, I've realized that the biggest and most worthwhile goals are generally always difficult. If we were to achieve our plan to revolutionize the way [old-fashioned manuals and user guides are created and published][3], and maximize our impact in what we knew all along would be a niche market, we knew that a guiding mission was crucial to how we organized everything else. It was from there that we reached our first big decision: to [quickly launch a proof of concept using an existing open source framework][4], MediaWiki, and from there to release all of our code as open source.
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In retrospect, this decision was made easier by the fact that [MediaWiki][5] was already up and running. With 15,000 developers already active around the world and on a platform that included 90% of the features we needed to meet our minimum viable product (MVP), things would have no doubt been harder without support from the engine that made its name by powering Wikipedia. Confluence, a documentation platform in use by many enterprises, offers some good features, but in the end, it was an easy choice between the two.
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Placing our faith in the community, we put the first version of our platform straight onto GitHub. The excitement of watching the world's makers start using our platform, even before we'd done any real advertising, felt like an early indication that we were on the right track. Although the [maker and Fablab movements][6] encourage users to share instructions, and even sets out this expectation in the [Fablab charter][7] (as stated by MIT), in reality, there is a lack of real documentation.
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The first and most significant reason people like using our platform is that it responds to the very real problem of poor documentation inside an otherwise great movement—one that we knew could be even better. To us, it felt a bit like we were repairing a gap in the community of makers and DIY. Within a year of our launch, Fablabs, [Wikifab][8], [Open Source Ecology][9], [Les Petits Debrouillards][10], [Ademe][11], and [Low-Tech Lab][12] had installed our tool on their servers for creating step-by-step tutorials.
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Before even putting out a press release, one of our users, Wikifab, began to get praise in national media as "[the Wikipedia of DIY][13]." In just two years, we've seen hundreds of communities launched on their own Dokits, ranging from the fun to the funny to the more formal product guides. Again, the power of the community is the force we want to harness, and it's constantly amazing to see projects—ranging from wind turbines to pet feeders—develop engaging product manuals using the platform we started.
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### Opening up open source
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Looking back at such a successful first two years, it's clear to us that our choice to use open source was fundamental to how we got where we are as fast as we did. The ability to gather feedback in open source is second-to-none. If a piece of code didn't work, [someone could tell us right away][14]. Why wait on appointments with consultants if you can learn along with those who are already using the service you created?
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The level of engagement from the community also revealed the potential (including the potential interest) in our market. [Paris has a good and growing community of developers][15], but open source took us from a pool of a few thousand locally, and brought us to millions of developers all around the world who could become a part of what we were trying to make happen. The open availability of our code also proved reassuring to our users and customers who felt safe that, even if our company went away, the code wouldn't.
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If that was most of what we thought might happen as a result of using open source, there were also surprises along the way. By adopting an open method, we found ourselves gaining customers, reputation, and perfectly targeted advertising that we didn't have to pay for out of our limited startup budget. We found that the availability of our code helped improve our recruitment process because we were able to test candidates using our code before we made hires, and this also helped simplify the onboarding journey for those we did hire.
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In what we see as a mixture of embarrassment and solidarity, the totally public nature of developers creating code in an open setting also helped drive up quality. People can share feedback with one another, but the public nature of the work also seems to encourage people to do their best. In the spirit of constant improvement and of continually building and rebuilding how Dokit works, supporting the community is something that we know we'd like to do more of and get better at in future.
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### Where to next?
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Even with the faith we've always had in what we were doing, and seeing the great product manuals that have been developed using our software, it never stops being exciting to see our project grow, and we're certain that the future has good things in store.
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In the early days, we found ourselves living a lot under the fear of distributing our knowledge for free. In reality, it was the opposite—open source gave us the ability to very rapidly build a startup that was sustainable from the beginning. Dokit is a platform designed to give its users the confidence to build, assemble, repair, and create entirely new inventions with the support of a community. In hindsight, we found we were doing the same thing by using open source to build a platform.
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Just like when doing a repair or assembling a physical product, it's only when you have confidence in your methods that things truly begin to feel right. Now, at the beginning of our third year, we're starting to see growing global interest as the industry responds to [new generations of customers who want to use, reuse, and assemble products][16] that respond to changing homes and lifestyles. By providing the support of an online community, we think we're helping to create circumstances in which people feel more confident in doing things for themselves.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/startups-release-code
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作者：[Clément Flipo][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/cl%C3%A9ment-flipo
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/button_push_open_keyboard_file_organize.png?itok=KlAsk1gx (open source button on keyboard)
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[2]: https://dokit.io/
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[3]: https://dokit.io/9-reasons-to-stop-writing-your-user-manuals-or-work-instructions-with-word-processors/
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[4]: https://medium.com/@gofloaters/5-cheap-ways-to-build-your-mvp-71d6170d5250
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[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki
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[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maker_culture
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[7]: http://fab.cba.mit.edu/about/charter/
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[8]: https://wikifab.org/
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[9]: https://www.opensourceecology.org/
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[10]: http://www.lespetitsdebrouillards.org/
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[11]: https://www.ademe.fr/en
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[12]: http://lowtechlab.org/
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[13]: https://www.20minutes.fr/magazine/economie-collaborative-mag/2428995-20160919-pour-construire-leurs-meubles-eux-memes-ils-creent-le-wikipedia-du-bricolage
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[14]: https://opensource.guide/how-to-contribute/
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[15]: https://www.rudebaguette.com/2013/03/here-are-the-details-on-the-new-developer-school-that-xavier-niel-is-launching-tomorrow/?lang=en
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[16]: https://www.inc.com/ari-zoldan/why-now-is-the-best-time-to-start-a-diy-home-based.html
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@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (5 GNOME keyboard shortcuts to be more productive)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/5-gnome-keyboard-shortcuts-to-be-more-productive/)
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[#]: author: (Clément Verna https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/)
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5 GNOME keyboard shortcuts to be more productive
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======
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![][1]
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For some people, using GNOME Shell as a traditional desktop manager may be frustrating since it often requires more action of the mouse. In fact, GNOME Shell is also a [desktop manager][2] designed for and meant to be driven by the keyboard. Learn how to be more efficient with GNOME Shell with these 5 ways to use the keyboard instead of the mouse.
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### GNOME activities overview
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The activities overview can be easily opened using the **Super** key from the keyboard. (The **Super** key usually has a logo on it.) This is really useful when it comes to start an application. For example, it’s easy to start the Firefox web browser with the following key sequence **Super + f i r + Enter.**
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![][3]
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### Message tray
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In GNOME, notifications are available in the message tray. This is also the place where the calendar and world clocks are available. To open the message tray using the keyboard use the **Super+m** shortcut. To close the message tray simply use the same shortcut again.
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* ![][4]
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### Managing workspaces in GNOME
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Gnome Shell uses dynamic workspaces, meaning it creates additional workspaces as they are needed. A great way to be more productive using Gnome is to use one workspace per application or per dedicated activity, and then use the keyboard to navigate between these workspaces.
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Let’s look at a practical example. To open a Terminal in the current workspace press the following keys: **Super + t e r + Enter.** Then, to open a new workspace press **Super + PgDn**. Open Firefox ( **Super + f i r + Enter)**. To come back to the terminal, use **Super + PgUp**.
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![][5]
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### Managing an application window
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Using the keyboard it is also easy to manage the size of an application window. Minimizing, maximizing and moving the application to the left or the right of the screen can be done with only a few key strokes. Use **Super+**🠝 to maximize, **Super+**🠟 to minimize, **Super+**🠜 and **Super+**🠞 to move the window left and right.
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![][6]
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### Multiple windows from the same application
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Using the activities overview to start an application is very efficient. But trying to open a new window from an application already running only results in focusing on the open window. To create a new window, instead of simply hitting **Enter** to start the application, use **Ctrl+Enter**.
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So for example, to start a second instance of the terminal using the application overview, **Super + t e r + (Ctrl+Enter)**.
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![][7]
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Then you can use **Super+`** to switch between windows of the same application.
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![][8]
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As shown, GNOME Shell is a really powerful desktop environment when controlled from the keyboard. Learning to use these shortcuts and train your muscle memory to not use the mouse will give you a better user experience, and make you more productive when using GNOME. For other useful shortcuts, check out [this page on the GNOME wiki][9].
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* * *
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_Photo by _[ _1AmFcS_][10]_ on _[_Unsplash_][11]_._
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/5-gnome-keyboard-shortcuts-to-be-more-productive/
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作者：[Clément Verna][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
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||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/5-gnome-keycombos-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://fedoramagazine.org/gnome-3-32-released-coming-to-fedora-30/
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[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-10-50.gif
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[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-11-01.gif
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[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-12-57.gif
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[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-06.gif
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[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-19.gif
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[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-22.gif
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[9]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Design/OS/KeyboardShortcuts
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[10]: https://unsplash.com/photos/MuTWth_RnEs?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
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[11]: https://unsplash.com/search/photos/keyboard?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
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@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (robsean)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Ubuntu Kylin: The Official Chinese Version of Ubuntu)
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-kylin/)
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[#]: author: (Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/)
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Ubuntu Kylin: The Official Chinese Version of Ubuntu
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======
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[_**Ubuntu has several official flavors**_][1] _**and Kylin is one of them. In this article, you’ll learn about Ubuntu Kylin, what it is, why it was created and what features it offers.**_
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Kylin was originally developed in 2001 by academicians at the [National University of Defense Technology][2] in the People’s Republic of China. The name is derived from [Qilin][3], a beast from Chinese mythology.
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The first versions of Kylin were based on [FreeBSD][4] and were intended for use by the Chinese military and other government organizations. Kylin 3.0 was purely based on the Linux kernel, and a version called [NeoKylin][5] which was announced in December 2010.
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In 2013, [Canonical][6] (parent company of Ubuntu) reached an agreement with the [Ministry of Industry and Information Technology][7] of the People’s Republic of China to co-create and release an Ubuntu-based OS with features targeted at the Chinese market.
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![Ubuntu Kylin][8]
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### What is Ubuntu Kylin?
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Following the 2013 agreement mentioned above, Ubuntu Kylin is now the official Chinese version of Ubuntu. It is much more than just language localisation. In fact, it is determined to serve the Chinese market the same way as Ubuntu serves the global market.
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The first version of [Ubuntu Kylin][9] came with Ubuntu 13.04. Like Ubuntu, Kylin too has LTS (long term support) and non-LTS versions.
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Currently, Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 LTS implements the [UKUI][10] desktop environment with revised boot up animation, log-in/screen-lock program and OS theme. To offer a more friendly experience for users, it has fixed bugs, has a file preview function, timer log out, the latest [WPS office suite][11] and [Sogou][12] put-in methods integrated within.
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Kylin 4.0.2 is a community edition based on Ubuntu Kylin 16.04 LTS. It includes several third-party applications with long term and stable support. It’s perfect for both server and desktop usage for daily office work and welcomed by the developers to [download][13]. The Kylin forums are actively available to provide feedback and also troubleshooting to find solutions.
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[][14]
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Suggested read Solve Ubuntu Error: Failed to download repository information Check your Internet connection.
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#### UKUI: The desktop environment by Ubuntu Kylin
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![Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 with UKUI Desktop][15]
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[UKUI][16] is designed and developed by the Ubuntu Kylin team and has some great features and provisions:
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* Windows-like interactive functions to bring more friendly user experiences. The Setup Wizard is user-friendly so that users can get started with Ubuntu Kylin quickly.
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* Control Center has new settings for theme and window. Updated components such as Start Menu, taskbar, notification bar, file manager, window manager and others.
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* Available separately on both Ubuntu and Debian repositories to provide a new desktop environment for users of Debian/Ubuntu distributions and derivatives worldwide.
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* New login and lock programs, which is more stable and with many functions.
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* Includes a feedback program convenient for feedback and questions.
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#### Kylin Software Center
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||||||
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![Kylin Software Center][17]
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Kylin has a software center similar to Ubuntu software center and is called Ubuntu Kylin Software Center. It’s part of the Ubuntu Kylin Software Store that also includes Ubuntu Kylin Developer Platform and Ubuntu Kylin Repository with a simple interface and powerful function. It supports both Ubuntu and Ubuntu Kylin Repositories and is especially convenient for quick installation of Chinese characteristic software developed by Ubuntu Kylin team!
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#### Youker: A series of tools
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Ubuntu Kylin has also a series of tools named as Youker. Typing in “Youker” in the Kylin start menu will bring up the Kylin assistant. If you press the “Windows” key on the keyboard, you’d get a response exactly like you would on Windows. It will fire-up the Kylin start menu.
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![Kylin Assistant][18]
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Other Kylin branded applications include Kylin Video (player), Kylin Burner, Youker Weather and Youker Fcitx which supports better office work and personal entertainment.
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![Kylin Video][19]
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#### Special focus on Chinese characters
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In cooperation with Kingsoft, Ubuntu Kylin developers also work on Sogou Pinyin for Linux, Kuaipan for Linux and Kingsoft WPS for Ubuntu Kylin, and also address issues with smart pinyin, cloud storage service and office applications. [Pinyin][20] is romanization system for Chinese characters. With this, user inputs with English keyboard but Chinese characters are displayed on the screen.
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[][21]
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Suggested read How to Remove Older Linux Kernel Versions in Ubuntu
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||||||
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||||||
#### Fun Fact: Ubuntu Kylin runs on Chinese supercomputers
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||||||
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||||||
![Tianhe-2 Supercomputer. Photo by O01326 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45399546][22]
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||||||
It’s already in public knowledge that the [world’s top 500 fastest supercomputers run Linux][23]. Chinese supercomputers [Tianhe-1][24] and [Tianhe-2][25] both use the 64-bit version of Kylin Linux, dedicated to high-performance [parallel computing][26] optimization, power management and high-performance [virtual computing][27].
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||||||
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||||||
#### Summary
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||||||
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|
||||||
I hope you liked this introduction in the world of Ubuntu Kylin. You can get either of Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 or the community edition based on Ubuntu 16.04 from its [official website][28].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-kylin/
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay][a]
|
|
||||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
|
||||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
|
||||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/
|
|
||||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
|
||||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/which-ubuntu-install/
|
|
||||||
[2]: https://english.nudt.edu.cn
|
|
||||||
[3]: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-qilin-195005
|
|
||||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/freebsd-12-release/
|
|
||||||
[5]: https://thehackernews.com/2015/09/neokylin-china-linux-os.html
|
|
||||||
[6]: https://www.canonical.com/
|
|
||||||
[7]: http://english.gov.cn/state_council/2014/08/23/content_281474983035940.htm
|
|
||||||
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Ubuntu-Kylin.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[9]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/
|
|
||||||
[10]: http://ukui.org
|
|
||||||
[11]: https://www.wps.com/
|
|
||||||
[12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogou_Pinyin
|
|
||||||
[13]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/downloads/show.php?lang=en&id=122
|
|
||||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/solve-ubuntu-error-failed-to-download-repository-information-check-your-internet-connection/
|
|
||||||
[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ubuntu-Kylin-19-04-desktop.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[16]: http://www.ukui.org/
|
|
||||||
[17]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-software-center.jpg?resize=800%2C496&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[18]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-assistant.jpg?resize=800%2C535&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-video.jpg?resize=800%2C533&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[20]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin
|
|
||||||
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-old-kernels-ubuntu/
|
|
||||||
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/tianhe-2.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-runs-top-supercomputers/
|
|
||||||
[24]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-1
|
|
||||||
[25]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-2
|
|
||||||
[26]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computing
|
|
||||||
[27]: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/how-virtual-computing-works.htm
|
|
||||||
[28]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com
|
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
|
|||||||
|
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||||
|
[#]: translator: (chen-ni)
|
||||||
|
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: subject: (Why startups should release their code as open source)
|
||||||
|
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/5/startups-release-code)
|
||||||
|
[#]: author: (Clément Flipo https://opensource.com/users/cl%C3%A9ment-flipo)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
为什么初创公司应该将代码开源
|
||||||
|
======
|
||||||
|
Dokit 曾经怀疑将自己的知识开源可能是一个失败的商业决策，然而正是这个选择奠定了它的成功。
|
||||||
|
![open source button on keyboard][1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
回想一个项目开展最初期的细节并不是一件容易的事情，但有时候可以帮助你更清晰地理解这个项目。如果让我来说，关于 [Dokit][2] 这个用来创建用户手册和文档的平台的最早的想法来自我的童年。小时候我家里都是 Meccano（译注：一种类似乐高的拼装玩具）和飞机模型之类的玩具，对于我来说，游戏中很重要的一部分就是动手制作，把独立的零件组装在一起来创造一个新的东西。我父亲在一家 DIY 公司工作，所以家里的很多东西也都和建筑、修理，以及使用说明书有关。小的时候父母还让我参加了童子军，在那里我们制作桌子和帐篷，还有泥巴做的烧烤炉，这些事情都培养了我在共同学习中感受到的乐趣，就像我在开源活动中感受到的一样。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在童年学到的修理东西和回收产品的艺术后来成为了我工作的一部分。后来我决心要用线上的方式，还原这种在家里或者小组里学习如何制作和修理东西时的那种非常棒的感觉。Dokit 就从这个想法中诞生了。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 创业初期
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
事情并非一帆风顺，在我们的公司于 2017 年成立之后，我很快就意识到那些最庞大、最值得奋斗的目标一般来说也总是最困难的。如果想要实现我们的计划 —— 彻底改变 [人们旧有的编写和发行说明书和用户手册的方式][3]，并且在这个细分市场（我们非常清楚这一点）里取得最大的影响力 —— 那么确立一个主导任务就十分关键，它关乎项目的组织方式。我们据此做出了第一个重要决策：首先 [在短时间内使用一个已有的开源框架 MediaWiki 制作产品原型来验证我们的想法][4]，然后将我们的全部代码都作为开源项目发布。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
当时 [MediaWiki][5] 已经在正常运作了，事后看来，这一点让我们的决策变得容易了许多。这个平台已经拥有我们设想的最小可用产品（MVP）所需要的 90% 的功能，并且在全世界范围内有 15000 名活跃的开发者。MediaWiki 因为是维基百科的驱动引擎而小有名气，如果没有来自它的支持，事情对我们来说无疑会困难很多。还有一个许多公司都在使用的文档平台 Confluence 也有一些不错的功能，但是最终还是不难在这两者之间做出选择。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
出于对 Github 的信赖，我们把自己平台的初始版本完全放在了这个社区上。我们甚至还没有真正开始进行推广，就已经可以看到世界各地的制造者开始使用我们的平台，这种令人激动的感觉似乎说明我们的选择是正确的。尽管 [制造商以及 Fablab 运动][6]（译注： Fablab 是一种向个人提供包括 3D 打印在内的电子化制造服务的小型工坊）都在鼓励用户积极分享说明材料，并且在 [Fablab 契约][7] 中也写明了这一点，现实中像模像样的文档还是不太多见。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
人们喜欢使用我们这个平台的首要原因是它可以解决一个非常实在的问题：一个本来还不错的项目，却使用了非常糟糕的文档 —— 其实这个项目本来可以变得更好的。对我们来说，这有点儿像是在修复 DIY 以及动手爱好者社区里的一个裂缝。在我们的平台发布后的一年之内，Fablabs、[Wikifab][8]、[Open Source Ecology][9]、[Les Petits Debrouillards][10]、[Ademe][11] 以及 [Low-Tech Lab][12] 都在他们的服务器上安装了我们的工具，用来制作逐步引导的教程。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
甚至在我们还没有发新闻稿之前，我们的其中一个用户 Wikifab 就开始在全国性媒体上收到“DIY 界的维基百科”这样的称赞了。仅仅两年之内，我们看到有数百的社区都在他们自己的 Dokits 上开展了项目，从有意思的、搞笑的，到那种很正式的产品手册都有。这种社区的力量正是我们想要驾驭的，并且有这么多的项目 —— 从风力涡轮机到宠物喂食器 —— 都在使用我们创建的平台编写非常有吸引力的产品手册，这件事情真的令我们赞叹不已。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 项目开源
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
回头看看前两年的成功，很明显选择开源是我们能迅速取得成果的关键因素。最有价值的事情就是在开源项目中获得反馈的能力了。如果一段代码无法正常运行，[会有人立刻告诉我们][14]。如果可以从这些已经在使用你提供的服务的人那里学到这么多东西，为什么还要需要等着和顾问们开会呢？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Github 社区对我们这个项目的关注程度也反映出了这个市场的潜力（包括利润上的潜力）。[巴黎有非常好的、成长迅速的开发者社区][15]（译注：Dokit 是一家设立在巴黎的公司），但是开源将我们从一个只有数千当地人的小池子里带到了全世界数百万的开发者身边，他们都将成为我们的创作中的一部分。与此同时，代码的开放性也让我们的用户和客户更加放心，因为即使我们这个公司不在了，代码仍然会存续下去。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果说上面这些都是在我们之前对开源的预期之中的话，其实这一路上也有不少惊喜。因为开源，我们获得了更多的客户、声望以及精准推广，这种推广本来以我们有限的预算是负担不起的，现在却不需要我们支付费用。开放代码还优化了我们的招聘流程，因为在雇佣之前就可以通过我们的代码来测试候选人，并且被雇佣之后的入职过程也会更加顺利。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
开发者在完全公开的情况下写代码，既有一点尴尬，同时也很团结，这对我们提升产品质量很有帮助。人们可以互相发表意见和反馈，并且因为工作都是完全公开的，人们似乎会尽可能地想做到最好。为了不断优化、不断重构 Dokit 的运行方式，我们明白未来应该在对社区的支持上做得更好。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 下一步是什么？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
尽管我们对正在做的事情一直都很有信念，并且看到很多出色的产品说明书都是用我们的软件制作出来的，我们还是会对这个项目的成长不断地感到兴奋，并且非常确信未来一定会很好。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在创业初期，我们对将自己的知识免费分发出去这件事还是非常担心的。事实证明正好相反 —— 正是开源让我们能够迅速构建起一个可持续的初创企业。Dokit 平台的设计初衷是通过社区的支持，让它的用户有信心去构建、组装、修理和创造全新的发明。事后看来，我们用开源的方式去构建了 Dokit 这个平台，这和 Dokit 本身想做的其实正好是同一件事情。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如同修理或者组装一件实体产品一样，只有当你对自己的方法有信心的时候，事情才会越来越顺利。现在，在我们创业的第三个年头，我们开始注意到全世界对这个领域的兴趣在增加，因为它迎合了出于不断变化的居家和生活方式的需求而 [想要使用、重复利用以及组装产品的新一代客户][16]。我们正是在通过线上社区的支持，创造一个让大家能够在自己动手做东西的时候感到更加有信心的平台。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/startups-release-code
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[Clément Flipo][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[chen-ni](https://github.com/chen-ni)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/cl%C3%A9ment-flipo
|
||||||
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/button_push_open_keyboard_file_organize.png?itok=KlAsk1gx (open source button on keyboard)
|
||||||
|
[2]: https://dokit.io/
|
||||||
|
[3]: https://dokit.io/9-reasons-to-stop-writing-your-user-manuals-or-work-instructions-with-word-processors/
|
||||||
|
[4]: https://medium.com/@gofloaters/5-cheap-ways-to-build-your-mvp-71d6170d5250
|
||||||
|
[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki
|
||||||
|
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maker_culture
|
||||||
|
[7]: http://fab.cba.mit.edu/about/charter/
|
||||||
|
[8]: https://wikifab.org/
|
||||||
|
[9]: https://www.opensourceecology.org/
|
||||||
|
[10]: http://www.lespetitsdebrouillards.org/
|
||||||
|
[11]: https://www.ademe.fr/en
|
||||||
|
[12]: http://lowtechlab.org/
|
||||||
|
[13]: https://www.20minutes.fr/magazine/economie-collaborative-mag/2428995-20160919-pour-construire-leurs-meubles-eux-memes-ils-creent-le-wikipedia-du-bricolage
|
||||||
|
[14]: https://opensource.guide/how-to-contribute/
|
||||||
|
[15]: https://www.rudebaguette.com/2013/03/here-are-the-details-on-the-new-developer-school-that-xavier-niel-is-launching-tomorrow/?lang=en
|
||||||
|
[16]: https://www.inc.com/ari-zoldan/why-now-is-the-best-time-to-start-a-diy-home-based.html
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
|
|||||||
|
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||||
|
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||||
|
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: subject: (5 GNOME keyboard shortcuts to be more productive)
|
||||||
|
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/5-gnome-keyboard-shortcuts-to-be-more-productive/)
|
||||||
|
[#]: author: (Clément Verna https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5 个提高效率的 GNOME 快捷键
|
||||||
|
======
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![][1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
对于某些人来说，使用 GNOME Shell 作为传统的桌面管理器可能会感觉沮丧，因为它通常需要更多的鼠标操作。事实上，GNOME Shell 也是一个专为键盘操作而设计的[桌面管理器][2]。通过这五种使用键盘而不是鼠标的方法，了解如何使用 GNOME Shell 提高效率。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### GNOME 活动概述
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
可以使用键盘上的 `Super` 键轻松打开活动概述。（`Super` 键通常有一个标识——比如 Windows 徽标……。）这在启动应用程序时非常有用。例如，使用以下键序列 `Super + f i r + Enter` 可以轻松启动 Firefox Web 浏览器
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![][3]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 消息托盘
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 GNOME 中，消息托盘中提供了通知。这也是日历和世界时钟出现的地方。要使用键盘打开信息托盘，请使用 `Super + m` 快捷键。要关闭消息托盘，只需再次使用相同的快捷方式。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* ![][4]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 在 GNOME 中管理工作空间
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
GNOME Shell 使用动态工作空间，这意味着它可以根据需要创建更多工作空间。使用 GNOME 提高工作效率的一个好方法是为每个应用程序或每个专用活动使用一个工作区，然后使用键盘在这些工作区之间导航。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
让我们看一个实际的例子。要在当前工作区中打开终端，请按以下键：`Super + t e r + Enter`。然后，要打开新工作区，请按 `Super + PgDn`。 打开 Firefox（ `Super + f i r + Enter`）。 要返回终端（所在的工作空间），请使用 `Super + PgUp`。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![][5]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 管理应用窗口
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
使用键盘也可以轻松管理应用程序窗口的大小。最小化、最大化和将应用程序移动到屏幕的左侧或右侧只需几个击键即可完成。使用 `Super + ↑` 最大化、`Super + ↓` 最小化、`Super + ←` 和 `Super + →` 左右移动窗口。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![][6]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 同一个应用的多个窗口
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
使用活动概述启动应用程序非常有效。但是，尝试从已经运行的应用程序打开一个新窗口只能将焦点转移到已经打开的窗口。要创建一个新窗口，而不是简单地按 `Enter` 启动应用程序，请使用 `Ctrl + Enter`。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
因此，例如，使用应用程序概述启动终端的第二个实例，`Super + t e r + (Ctrl + Enter)`。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![][7]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
然后你可以使用 `Super` + `在同一个应用程序的窗口之间切换。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![][8]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如图所示，当用键盘控制时，GNOME Shell 是一个非常强大的桌面环境。学习使用这些快捷方式并训练你的肌肉记忆以不使用鼠标将为你提供更好的用户体验，并在使用 GNOME 时提高你的工作效率。有关其他有用的快捷方式，请查看 [GNOME wiki 上的此页面][9]。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* * *
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*图片来自 [1AmFcS][10]，[Unsplash][11]*
|
||||||
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|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/5-gnome-keyboard-shortcuts-to-be-more-productive/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[Clément Verna][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
|
||||||
|
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/
|
||||||
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/5-gnome-keycombos-816x345.jpg
|
||||||
|
[2]: https://fedoramagazine.org/gnome-3-32-released-coming-to-fedora-30/
|
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|
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-10-50.gif
|
||||||
|
[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-11-01.gif
|
||||||
|
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-12-57.gif
|
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|
[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-06.gif
|
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[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-19.gif
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|
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-22.gif
|
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|
[9]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Design/OS/KeyboardShortcuts
|
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|
[10]: https://unsplash.com/photos/MuTWth_RnEs?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
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|
[11]: https://unsplash.com/search/photos/keyboard?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
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@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
|
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|
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||||
|
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
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|
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: subject: (Ubuntu Kylin: The Official Chinese Version of Ubuntu)
|
||||||
|
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-kylin/)
|
||||||
|
[#]: author: (Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu Kylin: Ubuntu 的官方中文版本
|
||||||
|
======
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[_**Ubuntu 有几个官方特色版本**_][1] _**并且 Kylin 是它们中的一个。在这篇文章中，你将学习 Ubuntu Kylin，它是什么，它为什么被创建，它提供的特色是什么。**_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Kylin 最初由中华人民共和国的[国防科技大学][2]的院士在2001年开发。名字来源于 [Qilin][3]，一种来自中国神话的神兽。
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
Kylin 的第一个版本基于 [FreeBSD][4]，计划用于中国军方和其它政府组织。Kylin 3.0 完全基于 Linux 内核，并且在2010年12月发布一个称为 [NeoKylin][5] 的版本。
|
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||||||
|
在2013年，[Canonical][6] (Ubuntu 的母公司) reached an agreement with the 与中华人民共和国的[工业和信息化部][7] 达成共识，共同创建和发布一个针对中国市场特色的基于 Ubuntu 的操作系统。
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
![Ubuntu Kylin][8]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Ubuntu Kylin 是什么?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
根据上述2013年的共识，Ubuntu Kylin 现在是 Ubuntu 的官方中国版本。它不仅仅是语言本地化。事实上，它决心服务中国市场，像 Ubuntu 服务全球市场一样。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Ubuntu Kylin][9] 的第一个版本与 Ubuntu 13.04 一起到来。像 Ubuntu 一样，Kylin 也有 LTS (长期支持)和非 LTS 版本。
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
当前，Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 LTS 实施带有修改启动动画，登录/锁屏程序和操作系统主题的 [UKUI][10] 桌面环境。为给用户提供更友好的体验，它修复错误，它有文件预览功能，有定时注销，最新的 [WPS 办公组件][11]和 [Sogou][12] 输入法集成在其中。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Kylin 4.0.2 是一个基于 Ubuntu Kylin 16.04 LTS 的社区版本。它包含一些带有长期稳定支持的第三方应用程序。它非常适合服务器和日常桌面办公使用，欢迎开发者[下载][13]。Kylin 论坛积极地获取来自提供的反馈以及解决问题来找到解决方案。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[][14]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
建议阅读解决 Ubuntu 错误：下载存储库信息失败，检查你的网络链接。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### UKUI：Ubuntu Kylin 的桌面环境
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 with UKUI Desktop][15]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[UKUI][16] 由 Ubuntu Kylin 开发小组设计和开发，有一些非常好的特色和预装软件：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* 类似 Windows 的交互功能，带来更友好的用户体验。安装导向是用户友好的，所以，用户可以快速使用 Ubuntu Kylin 。
|
||||||
|
* 控制中心有新的主题和窗口设置。更新像开始菜单，任务栏，文件管理器，窗口管理器和其它的组件。
|
||||||
|
* 在 Ubuntu 和 Debian 存储库上都单独可用，为 Debian/Ubuntu 发行版和其全球衍生版的的用户提供一个新单独桌面环境。
|
||||||
|
* 新的登录和锁定程序，它更稳定和具有很多功能。
|
||||||
|
* 包括一个反馈问题的实用的反馈程序。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Kylin 软件中心
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Kylin Software Center][17]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Kylin 有一个软件中心，类似于 Ubuntu 软件中，并被称为 Ubuntu Kylin 软件中心。它是 Ubuntu Kylin 软件商店的一部分，它也包含 Ubuntu Kylin 开发者平台和 Ubuntu Kylin 存储库，具有一个简单的用户界面，并功能强大。它同时支持 Ubuntu 和 Ubuntu Kylin 存储库，并特别适用于由 Ubuntu Kylin 小组开发的中文特有的软件的快速安装！
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Youker: 一系列的工具
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu Kylin 也有一系列被命名为 Youker 的工具。在 Kylin 开始菜单中输入 “Youker” 将带来 Kylin 助手。如果你在键盘上按 “Windows” 按键，像你在 Windows 上一样，你将获得一个精确地响应。它将启动 Kylin 开始菜单。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Kylin Assistant][18]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
其它 Kylin 品牌的应用程序包括 Kylin 影音(播放器)，Kylin 刻录，Youker 天气，Youker 企鹅，它们更好地支持办公工作和个人娱乐。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Kylin Video][19]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 特别专注于中文
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
与 Kingsoft 合作，Ubuntu Kylin 开发者也致力于 Linux 版本的搜狗拼音输入法，快盘，和 Ubuntu Kylin 版本的 Kingsoft WPS ，也解决智能拼音，云存储和办公应用程序。[Pinyin][20] 是中文字符的拉丁化系统。使用这个系统，用户用英文键盘输出，但在屏幕上将显示中文字符。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[][21]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
建议阅读如何在 Ubuntu 中移除旧的 Linux 内核版本
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 有趣的事实：Ubuntu Kylin 运行在中国超级计算机上
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Tianhe-2 Supercomputer. Photo by O01326 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45399546][22]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
它已经在公知的[世界500强最快的运行 Linux 的超级计算机][23]中。中国超级计算机[天河-1][24]和[天河-2][25]都使用 Kylin Linux 的64位版本，致力于高性能的[并行计算][26]最优化，电源管理和高性能的[虚拟化计算][27]。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 总结
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我希望你喜欢这篇 Ubuntu Kylin 世界的介绍。你可以从它的[官方网站][28]获得 Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 或基于 Ubuntu 16.04 的社区版本。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-kylin/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/
|
||||||
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/which-ubuntu-install/
|
||||||
|
[2]: https://english.nudt.edu.cn
|
||||||
|
[3]: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-qilin-195005
|
||||||
|
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/freebsd-12-release/
|
||||||
|
[5]: https://thehackernews.com/2015/09/neokylin-china-linux-os.html
|
||||||
|
[6]: https://www.canonical.com/
|
||||||
|
[7]: http://english.gov.cn/state_council/2014/08/23/content_281474983035940.htm
|
||||||
|
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Ubuntu-Kylin.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[9]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/
|
||||||
|
[10]: http://ukui.org
|
||||||
|
[11]: https://www.wps.com/
|
||||||
|
[12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogou_Pinyin
|
||||||
|
[13]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/downloads/show.php?lang=en&id=122
|
||||||
|
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/solve-ubuntu-error-failed-to-download-repository-information-check-your-internet-connection/
|
||||||
|
[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ubuntu-Kylin-19-04-desktop.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[16]: http://www.ukui.org/
|
||||||
|
[17]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-software-center.jpg?resize=800%2C496&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[18]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-assistant.jpg?resize=800%2C535&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-video.jpg?resize=800%2C533&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[20]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin
|
||||||
|
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-old-kernels-ubuntu/
|
||||||
|
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/tianhe-2.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-runs-top-supercomputers/
|
||||||
|
[24]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-1
|
||||||
|
[25]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-2
|
||||||
|
[26]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computing
|
||||||
|
[27]: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/how-virtual-computing-works.htm
|
||||||
|
[28]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user