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Merge remote-tracking branch 'LCTT/master'
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@ -1,66 +1,66 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
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||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12353-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Using the Lightweight Apt Package Manager Synaptic in Ubuntu and Other Debian-based Linux Distributions)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/synaptic-package-manager/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 或其它基于 Debian Linux 的发行版中使用轻量的 Apt 软件包管理器 Synaptic
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 中使用轻量的 Apt 软件包管理器 Synaptic
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
这周的开源软件推荐是 Synaptic 。学习这个好的旧的软件包管理器可以做而现代的软件包管理器不能做什么。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这周推荐的开源软件是 Synaptic。学习这个经过时光积淀的软件包管理器能做哪些现代软件管理器做不到的事情。
|
||||
|
||||
### Synaptic 软件包管理器是什么？
|
||||
|
||||
[Synaptic][1] 是使用在 Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint 以及其它很多基于 Debian/Ubuntu 发行版中的一个 [apt 软件包管理器系统][2] 的轻量级 GUI 前端。
|
||||
[Synaptic][1] 是一个轻量级的 [apt 软件包管理器系统][2]的 GUI 前端，使用在 Debian、Ubuntu、Linux Mint 以及其它很多基于 Debian/Ubuntu 发行版中。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，你可以 [在终端中使用 apt-get 命令][3] 来完成的任何事，都可以通过 Synaptic 来实现。
|
||||
总的来说，所有你可以 [在终端中使用 apt-get 命令][3] 来做的事，都可以通过 Synaptic 来实现。
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
在一段时间内，Synaptic 曾经几乎是所有基于 Debian Linux 发行版的默认图形化软件包管理器。它被认为是一种用户友好，易于使用的管理应用程序的方法。
|
||||
曾几何时，Synaptic 几乎是所有基于 Debian Linux 发行版的默认图形化软件包管理器。它被认为是一种用户友好的、易于使用的管理应用程序的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
随着像 [GNOME Software][5] 和 [KDE Discover][6] 等现代软件包管理器工具带来更现代和直观的图形用户界面，事情发生了变化。这些软件包管理器有更好的界面，以一种更友好的方式显示软件包信息，带有缩略图，评分和评论。
|
||||
随着像 [GNOME “软件”][5] 和 [KDE “发现”][6] 等现代软件包管理器工具带来更现代和直观的图形用户界面，事情发生了变化。这些软件包管理器有更好的界面，以一种更友好的方式显示软件包信息，带有缩略图、评分和评论。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，Synaptic [被限制使用于大多数的轻量级 Linux 发行版][7] 中。
|
||||
最后，Synaptic [的使用被局限于在大多数的轻量级 Linux 发行版][7] 中。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 为什么你要使用像 Synaptic 软件包管理器这样的 ‘古老的’ 软件?
|
||||
#### 为什么你要使用像 Synaptic 软件包管理器这样的 “古老的” 软件?
|
||||
|
||||
当然，在多大数的时间中，你没有必要这样做。
|
||||
当然，在多大数的情况下，你没有必要这样做。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，Synaptic 仍然比 GNOME 软件的功能要很多。记住，它基本上是 apt 的 GUI 前端，这意味着它可以（几乎）做任何你能够 [在终端中使用 apt 命令][8] 所做的事.
|
||||
但是，Synaptic 仍然比 GNOME “软件” 的功能要很多。记住，它基本上是 `apt` 的 GUI 前端，这意味着它（几乎）可以做任何你能够 [在终端中使用 apt 命令][8] 所做的事。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，如果你想 [在 Ubuntu 中阻止特定的软件包更新][9]，你可以在 Synaptic 中做到这一点，但是你却不能 GNOME/Ubuntu 软件中心中实现。
|
||||
例如，如果你想 [在 Ubuntu 中阻止特定的软件包更新][9]，你可以在 Synaptic 中做到这一点，但是你却不能 GNOME/Ubuntu 的软件中心中实现。
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
另外，我注意到在 Ubuntu 20.04 中的软件中心的一些问题。它加载速度缓慢，它搜索软件包时缓慢，并且它充满了 snap 应用程序 (不是每个人都喜欢).
|
||||
另外，我注意到 Ubuntu 20.04 的软件中心存在一些问题。它加载速度缓慢，它搜索软件包时缓慢，并且它充满了 snap 应用程序（不是每个人都喜欢）。
|
||||
|
||||
Synaptic 也是 [你可以在 Ubuntu 中使用的一个轻量级应用程序][7] ，用以加速你的系统。
|
||||
Synaptic 也是 [Ubuntu 中一个轻量级应用程序][7]，使用可以可以让你感觉你的系统快一点。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Synaptic 软件包管理器特色
|
||||
#### Synaptic 软件包管理器的功能
|
||||
|
||||
这里是一个你可以使用 Synaptic 做什么的概括：
|
||||
下面是对 Synaptic 的概况：
|
||||
|
||||
* 更新软件包缓存
|
||||
* 升级整个系统
|
||||
* 管理软件包包存储库
|
||||
* 通过名称、描述、维护者、版本、依赖项等搜索软件包
|
||||
* 通过组、状态（已安装）、源或更多信息列出软件包
|
||||
* 通过组、状态（安装与否）、源或更多信息列出软件包
|
||||
* 通过名称、状态、大小或版本排序软件包
|
||||
* 获取与软件包相关的信息
|
||||
* 锁定软件包版本
|
||||
* 安装具体指定版本的软件包
|
||||
* 安装指定版本的软件包
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这里有很多功能，你可以自己去探索。
|
||||
还有很多功能，大家可以自己去探索。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在 Ubuntu 上安装 Synaptic 软件包管理器
|
||||
|
||||
Synaptic 软件包管理器可在 Ubuntu 的 Universe 存储库中获得。如果 Universe 存储库未启用，你可以在软件中心中找到Synaptic:
|
||||
Synaptic 软件包管理器可在 Ubuntu 的 Universe 存储库中获得。如果 Universe 存储库未启用，你可以在软件中心中找到Synaptic：
|
||||
|
||||
![Synaptic 在 Ubuntu 软件中心][11]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Synaptic 软件包管理器可在 Ubuntu 的 Universe 存储库中获得。如
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository univers
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后更新缓存 (在 Ubuntu 18.04 及更高版本中不需要)：
|
||||
然后更新缓存（在 Ubuntu 18.04 及更高版本中不需要）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
@ -86,15 +86,15 @@ sudo apt install synaptic
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何使用 Synaptic 软件包管理器
|
||||
|
||||
在安装后，你可以在其菜单中开始搜索 Synaptic ：
|
||||
在安装后，你可以在菜单中开始搜索 Synaptic 并启动它：
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到这个界面不是这里最漂亮的一个界面。注意复选框的颜色。白色意味着软件包未安装，绿色意味软件包已安装。
|
||||
可以看到，这个界面不是最好看的界面之一。注意复选框的颜色。白色意味着软件包未安装，绿色意味软件包已安装。
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以搜索一个应用程序并单击复选框将标记其为安装。它也将高亮将被作为依赖关系项目的软件包(以绿色的形式)。单击应用来安装选择的软件包：
|
||||
你可以搜索一个应用程序并单击复选框将标记其为安装。它也将（以绿色的形式）高亮将被作为依赖关系项目的软件包。单击应用来安装选择的软件包：
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ sudo apt install synaptic
|
||||
|
||||
![][15]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到在基于源显示的单个存储库中可用的软件包。一个很好的方法来查看 [哪个 PPA 提供什么软件包][16]。你可以通过如上所述的方法来安装或移除软件包。
|
||||
你可以根据源显示各个存储库中可用的软件包。这是查看 [哪个 PPA 提供什么软件包][16]的好方法。你可以通过如上所述的方法来安装或移除软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
![][17]
|
||||
|
||||
通常，当你更新 Ubuntu 时，所有的软件包都会同时更新。使用 Synaptic ，你可以轻松地选择你需要更新/升级到一个较新版本的软件包。
|
||||
通常，当你更新 Ubuntu 时，所有的软件包都会同时更新。使用 Synaptic，你可以轻松地选择你需要更新/升级到较新版本的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
![][18]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -118,25 +118,25 @@ sudo apt install synaptic
|
||||
|
||||
![][20]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你认为你做出了错误的选择，你可以从编辑菜单中单击撤销。
|
||||
如果你认为你做了错误的选择，你可以从“编辑”菜单中单击撤销。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用 Synaptic 做很多事，我不可能涵盖所有可能的用法。我在这里已经涵盖了最常见的一些方法，如果你将要去使用 Synaptic 的话，我留给你去探索。
|
||||
你可以使用 Synaptic 做很多事，我无法涵盖所有可能的用法。我在这里已经涵盖了最常见的一些方法，如果你将要去使用 Synaptic 的话，我留给你去探索。
|
||||
|
||||
### Synaptic 并不适合所有的人
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不喜欢 Synaptic ，你可以在软件中心中移除它，或在终端中使用这个命令：
|
||||
如果你不喜欢 Synaptic，你可以在软件中心中移除它，或在终端中使用这个命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt remove synaptic
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这里有另一个用于 Ubuntu 的被称为 [AppGrid][21] 的轻量级软件包管理器。据我所知，它已经很久没有更新了。
|
||||
Ubuntu 还有另一个被称为 [AppGrid][21] 的轻量级软件包管理器。据我所知，它已经有一段时间没有更新了。
|
||||
|
||||
Synaptic 当然并不适合所有的人。它列出了在常规软件中心中你看不到的库和包。如果你移除了一个你不知道的库，那么它可能会引起问题。
|
||||
Synaptic 当然并不适合所有的人。它列出了你在常规软件中心中看不到的库和包。如果你移除了一个你不知道的库，那么它可能会引起问题。
|
||||
|
||||
我认为 Synaptic 更适合于那些既想更好地控制软件包管理器又不想使用命令行方法的中级到高级用户。
|
||||
我认为 Synaptic 更适合于中高级用户，他们既想更好地控制软件包管理器又不想使用命令行方法。
|
||||
|
||||
你有什么要说的吗？你曾经使用过 Synaptic 软件包管理器吗？你在软件中心中做出回应，还是你只在终端中探索？一定要在评论区中分享你的喜好。
|
||||
你有什么要说的吗？你使用过 Synaptic 软件包管理器吗？你是使用软件中心还是你只在终端中探索？请在评论区中分享你的喜好。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/synaptic-package-manager/
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.comrobsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (The ultimate guide to contributing to open source, an unparallelled reliance on Linux, and more industry trends)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/6/linux-industry-trends)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Tim Hildred https://opensource.com/users/thildred)
|
||||
|
||||
The ultimate guide to contributing to open source, an unparallelled reliance on Linux, and more industry trends
|
||||
======
|
||||
A weekly look at open source community and industry trends.
|
||||
![Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data][1]
|
||||
|
||||
As part of my role as a senior product marketing manager at an enterprise software company with an open source development model, I publish a regular update about open source community, market, and industry trends for product marketers, managers, and other influencers. Here are five of my and their favorite articles from that update.
|
||||
|
||||
## [How to Contribute to Open Source: The Ultimate Guide][2]
|
||||
|
||||
> “The biggest challenge for most people is that they don’t identify their areas of interest and where they can help us. They come to the project and ask, ‘How can I help?’” he said. “Instead, they could say, ‘This is the skill set I’d like to achieve.’ For example, ‘I’d like to develop some specific functionality for this piece of the project.’”
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact**: Saying "I want to contribute to open source" is a bit like saying "I want to work in the not-for-profit sector". Open source is a means to an end, and there is almost certainly a project working toward the end you care about that could use the skills you have.
|
||||
|
||||
## [Vulnerability Scoring Struggles to Remain Viable in the Era of Cloud Native Computing][3]
|
||||
|
||||
> To this claim, Danen said, “It was designed to indicate the severity of a flaw relative to other flaws. Nowhere will you see it described, by FIRST who created it, as a means of assessing risk. So yes, reliable to describe the mechanics of a vulnerability, but wholly inadequate to describe the risk of the vulnerability to a particular organization or environment.”
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact**: Using the [Common Vulnerability Scoring System][4] (CVSS) classification systems for vulnerabilities is becoming more difficult. Non-experts will usually use a number that describes something in the easiest possible way. The challenge is for experts is to make sure that the easiest possible way is also the right way.
|
||||
|
||||
## [The rise of parallel serverless compute][5]
|
||||
|
||||
> So why isn’t everything fast, amazing, and running this way already? One of the challenging parts about this today is that most software is designed to run on single machines, and parallelization may be limited to the number of machine cores or threads available locally. Because this architecture & “serverless compute” is so new (_cough cough 2014_), most software is not designed to leverage this approach. I see this changing in the future as more become aware of this approach.
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact**: It is actually hard to think scalably and takes a lot of practice to mentally understand what can be done alongside other things and what has to be done sequentially.
|
||||
|
||||
## [From Earth to orbit with Linux and SpaceX][6]
|
||||
|
||||
> Ordinary? Yes, ordinary. You see, spacecraft CPUs are far from the newest and greatest. They're developed for spacecraft, which takes years -- even decades -- to go from the drafting board to launch. For example, the International Space Station (ISS) runs on 1988-vintage 20 MHz Intel 80386SX CPUs. We don't know, however, what chips the Falcon 9 uses. Chances are, though, their design is at least a decade older than what you'd buy at a Best Buy now.
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact**: If your time horizon is measured in decades, there is a good chance Linux is your best option for a stable operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
## [Why the Success of Edge Computing Relies on a Linux Legacy][7]
|
||||
|
||||
> For edge computing innovation, we need to be thinking more about how we create sustainable solutions and technologies given how many deployments will require a longer life cycle and are more tightly bound to hardware and equipment refreshes. The path of innovation leads from Linux to and through the network edge. Companies that follow this approach will be better positioned to leverage the promise and power of the edge while avoiding fragmentation and lock-in.
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact**: Edge devices can't (shouldn't?) be ephemeral; to get the value we're promised by cheap, always on, always monitoring, always streaming devices they really need to be reliable over time. Linux = sustainability.
|
||||
|
||||
_I hope you enjoyed this list and come back next week for more open source community, market, and industry trends._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/linux-industry-trends
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Tim Hildred][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/thildred
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/data_metrics_analytics_desktop_laptop.png?itok=9QXd7AUr (Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data)
|
||||
[2]: https://builtin.com/software-engineering-perspectives/open-source-contribution
|
||||
[3]: https://thenewstack.io/cvss-struggles-to-remain-viable-in-the-era-of-cloud-native-computing/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.first.org/cvss/
|
||||
[5]: https://davidwells.io/blog/rise-of-embarrassingly-parallel-serverless-compute
|
||||
[6]: https://www.zdnet.com/article/from-earth-to-orbit-with-linux-and-spacex/
|
||||
[7]: https://devops.com/why-the-success-of-edge-computing-relies-on-a-linux-legacy/
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,245 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to Make Ubuntu Look Like macOS in 5 Easy Steps)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/make-ubuntu-look-like-macos/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Community https://itsfoss.com/author/itsfoss/)
|
||||
|
||||
How to Make Ubuntu Look Like macOS in 5 Easy Steps
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Customization is one of the main reasons [why I use Linux][1]. There is no end to the kind of customization you can do to your desktop Linux. You can change icons, themes, change fonts, change terminals, add screenlets, [indicator applets][2], extensions and what not.
|
||||
|
||||
We have covered numerous desktop customization tips and tricks on It’s FOSS. In this one, I’ll show you how to make Ubuntu look like macOS.
|
||||
|
||||
Many people use macOS because of its simplistic and elegant look. You may disagree with it but it remains a popular opinion. Even there are Linux distributions that have macOS like look and feel.
|
||||
|
||||
**One of the readers requested us to show how to make Ubuntu look like macOS** and hence we’ve created this tutorial. In fact, this is a **good example to show the customization capability of desktop Linux**.
|
||||
|
||||
No, you don’t have to install a new distribution just for customizing the looks. You can do some tweaking on your own and give your system mac-like looks.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to give your Ubuntu Linux a macOS makeover
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Although this article suggests it’s for Ubuntu, you can follow it for **other distributions with GNOME desktop** with little or no changes. Please make sure to [check your desktop environment][4].
|
||||
|
||||
To be honest, even if you are using some other desktop environment, you can still take some hints about what changes to do. But you have to make sure to follow the steps using your DE’s tools.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Prerequisites: GNOME Tweaks and GNOME Extensions
|
||||
|
||||
Please make sure to [install GNOME Tweaks tool][5]. You’ll need it for changing the themes and icons.
|
||||
|
||||
You’ll also need to [enable GNOME Extensions][6] for changing GNOME Shell and adding planks.
|
||||
|
||||
After you enable GNOME Extension, you need to install “user themes” extension from [Gnome extensions][7] or just go to [this link][8] and click on the switch to turn it on.
|
||||
|
||||
I also expect you to have some knowledge [about installing themes in Ubuntu][9]. I’ll briefly touch on this subject, though.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s see the steps one by one.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 1: Install a macOS inspired GTK theme
|
||||
|
||||
Since the focus is on making GNOME look like macOS, you should choose a macOS like theme. There are plenty of themes which are macOS like.
|
||||
|
||||
**Download a theme of your choice**
|
||||
|
||||
You can go to [Gnome-look][10] site, and look for themes for GTK3. Don’t worry if you see “Pling” written on the Gnome-look website, they both are from same providers.
|
||||
|
||||
You can choose any theme you want. Here are some macOS themes I think you should take a look at:
|
||||
|
||||
[**mcOS 11**][11]
|
||||
|
||||
[McHigh Sierra][12]
|
||||
|
||||
[Catalina][13]
|
||||
|
||||
[McMojave][14]
|
||||
|
||||
I shall be using “[McMojave][14]” in this article. You can choose any theme you want. You will find dropdown download button on the right side of website, click on it.
|
||||
|
||||
![McMojave Dark Theme][15]
|
||||
|
||||
Here you may find various “.tar.xz” files. These different files contain same theme with small differences. Like in “McMojave” we have variations like dark and light theme. You can try them all, or just pick anyone you like from the carousel given in middle.
|
||||
|
||||
**Set downloaded theme**
|
||||
|
||||
Extract the downloaded theme and copy this extracted theme folder to .local/share/themes folder.
|
||||
|
||||
Open GNOME Tweak tool and change the Application and Shell theme. As soon as you change the themes, you can see those three yellow, green and red buttons, and that Apple logo on upper left corner. You can also notice come changes on panel items.
|
||||
|
||||
![McMojave GTK and Shell theme][16]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 2: Install macOS like icons
|
||||
|
||||
The next step in this macOS makeover is to use macOS like icons.
|
||||
|
||||
**Download icon set**
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some icon sets I suggest that you can download from Gnome-look website:
|
||||
|
||||
[McMojave-circle][17]
|
||||
|
||||
[Mojave CT-icons][18]
|
||||
|
||||
[Cupertino icons][19]
|
||||
|
||||
I shall be using “[McMojave-circle][17]” in this article, feel free to use any icons you like.
|
||||
|
||||
Just like the theme, you can download it from “download” dropdown button from right side. Here you may also find various different versions of same icons.
|
||||
|
||||
![Mcmojave Circle][20]
|
||||
|
||||
**Set icon**
|
||||
|
||||
Now set the downloaded icon. For that extarct the download folder and copy it to .icons folder in your home directory. See this article on [installing icon][9] [][9][themes in Ubuntu][9].
|
||||
|
||||
This is what this icon looks like:
|
||||
|
||||
![McMojave Circle Icons Look][21]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 3: Add macOS like dock
|
||||
|
||||
Without macOS like dock, your Ubuntu will not look like macOS. There are various docks available for Linux. I like [Dash to Dock][22] and I am going to use it here.
|
||||
|
||||
Dash to Dock is a GNOME extension. By now you are familar with GNOME Extensions. Just go to [this link][23] and click on toggle button to install it. Your native dock will be automatically replaced with dash-to-dock.
|
||||
|
||||
You can change settings by right clicking on “show applications” button (rightmost menu button), and selecting “Dash to dock settings”.
|
||||
|
||||
![Dash To Dock][24]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 4: Use macOS wallpaper
|
||||
|
||||
Most of the complicated stuff are done. Now it’s time to set macOS wallpaper. You can download macOS default wallpapers from the link below:
|
||||
|
||||
[Download macOS wallpapers][25]
|
||||
|
||||
**Change the desktop background**
|
||||
|
||||
I shall be using “Mojave Day” wallpaper. Right click on the downloaded image and select ‘Set As Wallpaper’ option to change the wallpaper.
|
||||
|
||||
After setting this wallpaper, this is how my system looks like:
|
||||
|
||||
![][26]
|
||||
|
||||
**Change the lock screen Wallpaper**
|
||||
|
||||
The lock screen background option is removed from the settings of [Ubuntu 20.04][27]. Now it uses blurred desktop wallpaper as the background of lock screen.
|
||||
|
||||
To set a custom lock screen wallpaper, you can use “[Lock screen background][28]” extension.
|
||||
|
||||
Open “Lock screen background” extension setting, and set lock screen wallpaper.
|
||||
|
||||
![Lock Screen Background Setting][29]
|
||||
|
||||
This is how the lockscreen looks now. If you are wondering, here’s [how to take screenshot of lockscreen in Ubuntu][30].
|
||||
|
||||
![Lock Screen][31]
|
||||
|
||||
![Login Screen][32]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 5: Change system fonts
|
||||
|
||||
For several years, the primary system font in macOS is ‘San Francisco’. But this San Francisco font is not public domain but proprietary like so many other things in the Apple ecosystem. For this reason, you cannot use this font.
|
||||
|
||||
What you can do is to use an open source font that looks similar to the San Francisco fonts. I recommend using [Roboto][33] font by Google or [Source Sans Pro][34] by Adobe.
|
||||
|
||||
[Installing fonts is straightforward in Ubuntu][35]. Download the zip files of the fonts and just double-click on the ttf files in the extracted folder. It will give you the option to install the fonts one by one.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to save time and install all the fonts at once, extract all fonts in it to the “.fonts” directory in your home folder (~/.fonts).
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing fonts][36]
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have installed the fonts, you can change the system wide font using GNOME Tweaks tool.
|
||||
|
||||
![Set Fonts][37]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Bonus Tip: Spotlight like app launcher (if you want to go the extra mile)
|
||||
|
||||
If you are a fan of macOS Spotlight launcher, you may have something similar on Linux also. My favorite package for getting this kind of launcher is “[Albert][38]“.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find the [installation instruction for Albert on its website][39].
|
||||
|
||||
After installing; open “Albert” and set hotkey (key combination you want for opening launcher) and you are good to go. I think in macOS, the Command+Space is to launch Spotlight. You may set Super+Space [keyboard shortcut in Ubuntu][40].
|
||||
|
||||
You will get many themes in built, in picture below I’ve used “Spotlight dark”.
|
||||
|
||||
Albert won’t be able to launch apps directly, you have to give it permissions for where it can look for search results.
|
||||
|
||||
![Albert Settings][41]
|
||||
|
||||
After setting up, this is how it looks:
|
||||
|
||||
![Albert dark theme][42]
|
||||
|
||||
This is how my Ubuntu 20.04 looks like after making all the customizations. Does it look like macOS? You be the judge.
|
||||
|
||||
![macOS Theme][43]
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu with macOS makeover][44]
|
||||
|
||||
So, this is how you can make your GNOME desktop look like macOS. As I said in the beginning, this is a good example of Linux desktop’s customization capability.
|
||||
|
||||
If you have any new ideas or have any queries; the comment section is all yours.
|
||||
|
||||
_Written by Sumeet with additional inputs from Abhishek Prakash._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/make-ubuntu-look-like-macos/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Community][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/itsfoss/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-indicator-applets-ubuntu/
|
||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Make-Ubuntu-Look-like-MacOS.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/
|
||||
[7]: https://extensions.gnome.org/
|
||||
[8]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/install-themes-ubuntu/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.gnome-look.org/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.pling.com/p/1220826
|
||||
[12]: https://www.pling.com/p/1013714
|
||||
[13]: https://www.pling.com/p/1226871
|
||||
[14]: https://www.pling.com/p/1275087
|
||||
[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/McMojave-dark-theme.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[16]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/McMojave-Desktop.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[17]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1305429/
|
||||
[18]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1210856/
|
||||
[19]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1102582/
|
||||
[20]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/McMojave-circle-.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[21]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/McMojave-circle-icons-look.png?fit=800%2C494&ssl=1
|
||||
[22]: https://github.com/micheleg/dash-to-dock
|
||||
[23]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/
|
||||
[24]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Dash-to-dock-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[25]: https://oswallpapers.com/category/mac-os/
|
||||
[26]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Wallpaper.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[27]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-release-features/
|
||||
[28]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1476/unlock-dialog-background/
|
||||
[29]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Lock-screen-background-setting.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[30]: https://itsfoss.com/screenshot-login-screen-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[31]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Lock-screen-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[32]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Login-screen-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[33]: https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto?query=robot
|
||||
[34]: https://adobe-fonts.github.io/source-sans-pro/
|
||||
[35]: https://itsfoss.com/install-fonts-ubuntu/
|
||||
[36]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Fonts.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[37]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Set-fonts.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[38]: https://albertlauncher.github.io/
|
||||
[39]: https://albertlauncher.github.io/docs/installing/
|
||||
[40]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/
|
||||
[41]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Albert-settings.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[42]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Albert-look.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[43]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/macOS-theme.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[44]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/macOS-theme-2.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
155
sources/tech/20200626 Advice for getting started with GNOME.md
Normal file
155
sources/tech/20200626 Advice for getting started with GNOME.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Advice for getting started with GNOME)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/6/gnome-users)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Opensource.com https://opensource.com/users/admin)
|
||||
|
||||
Advice for getting started with GNOME
|
||||
======
|
||||
The GNOME desktop is a unified interface for Linux that offers lots of
|
||||
extensions to customize your experience. Here's some advice from GNOME
|
||||
users on how to get the most from it.
|
||||
![Digital images of a computer desktop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME is one of the most popular Linux desktops today. It started as a humble desktop called the GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME) and was built on top of the GIMP GTK libraries. Its 1.0 release [was announced in 1999][2], just two years after the project got started.
|
||||
|
||||
Today, the most widely used Linux distributions provide GNOME 3 as their graphical desktop, and it's a great place to start learning Linux. As with any open source desktop, GNOME is extremely amenable to customization. You can alter and add to GNOME until it best suits your unique style of work.
|
||||
|
||||
But the eternal question is: should you?
|
||||
|
||||
We asked GNOME users their thoughts on this question, and some argue it's easier to learn GNOME (and Linux in the process) by using the desktop as delivered from the GNOME developers.
|
||||
|
||||
> Going against the grain, I’d recommend using stock GNOME first and getting completely comfortable with it before delving into any extensions. —John Allison
|
||||
|
||||
> GNOME may need some getting used to. It might turn out to be indigestible, or it might turn out to be the single best way to interact with a Linux machine. Your mileage may vary. —Alexey Rusakov
|
||||
|
||||
> I don’t necessarily like the idea of recommending extensions. While they can be useful, every time someone complains about GNOME being unstable, it ends up being due to some sort of extension. Sometimes I feel as though recommending extensions to GNOME users creates the culture of installing a ginormous number of extensions to make GNOME something that it isn’t, and then the entire desktop comes crashing down. For me, my policy is to use as few extensions as possible. I really like the default GNOME layout with few or no changes. —Jay LaCroix
|
||||
|
||||
It was a common theme among the responses—users new to GNOME should learn GNOME before changing it.
|
||||
|
||||
### New users
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME is deceptively simple—when you turn on your Linux computer, you end up on a desktop with only a few obvious prompts. There's the Activities menu in the upper left corner of the screen and a typical system tray in the upper right.
|
||||
|
||||
Clicking on the Activities menu reveals an overlay containing an application dock. Clicking on the grid icon on the dock shows your installed applications.
|
||||
|
||||
Default apps include the same kinds of services you'd expect from any other desktop—a file manager, PDF reader, network manager, system settings or control panel, and so on. There are also some unexpected but nice defaults. For instance, GNOME includes a robust [virtualization application][3].
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME has worked its way into becoming the unifying interface for most Linux users. While each distribution has its own convention for package management, software development practices, and nearly everything else, GNOME is a unified front. If you learn GNOME, you learn a common "language" for interacting with the graphical side of Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME works hard at consistency, too. For instance, one key that is often ignored on keyboards is the Super key, which is the key with (usually) a Windows logo on it, or the Command key on Mac. GNOME uses this as a global hotkey, meaning that, no matter what application you're in, the Super key always talks to GNOME (any application can use the Super key, but few do). That means you have access to desktop functions regardless of what window is currently in focus.
|
||||
|
||||
That's not true for most key combos based around Control or Alt. Being able to "jump" out of an application to access desktop functions is an underrated feature, and once you get used to it, you start to miss it when using other desktops.
|
||||
|
||||
Here's some insight from our responders about acclimating to the GNOME way of doing things:
|
||||
|
||||
> Learn one environment well, and then you may try other ones. —Marcin Juszkiewicz
|
||||
|
||||
> Learn some of the handy shortcuts before attempting to define your own.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> * Super+Arrowup to maximize a window
|
||||
> * Super+Arrowup to minimize a window
|
||||
> * Super+Arrowleft or Super+ArrowRight to tile the window to take up half the screen
|
||||
> * Super+PageUP or Super+PageDown to change workspace
|
||||
> * Launch apps: Super, and then type 3-4 letters of the app you want to Launch (for example, f-i-r-e for Firefox, and so on)
|
||||
> * Calculations: Super, and then type a simple equation (9*9) for a quick calculation
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
>
|
||||
> It’s a beautiful desktop, and it makes learning a new environment fun. Then again, learning something new can also be hard, so if you’re a new user, most of the people responding to us agreed that a slow and steady approach is best. Get familiar with your surroundings before jumping to change everything. —Andreas Nilsson
|
||||
|
||||
> This might be a tough habit to unlearn for many users, but change from _mouse first_ to _Super key first_ for window switching, desktop navigation, launching, and searching. —Tim Quinlan
|
||||
|
||||
### Built-in help
|
||||
|
||||
Need help? There is a tutorial built-in.
|
||||
|
||||
> We have a Help application in GNOME that gets launched at first boot. It has quick videos showing how to launch applications, manage windows and workspaces, and more. You can always find the Help application by searching for it in the Activities screen, or launch help from a terminal. —Felipe Borges
|
||||
|
||||
### Get more apps
|
||||
|
||||
Getting to know a desktop is one thing, but a desktop can only do so much. Obviously, at some point, you're going to want more applications so you can get work done.
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME has an "app store" called Software that offers hundreds of open source applications you can install with a single click. It's topical, convenient, and easy.
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME software installer][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### Experienced users
|
||||
|
||||
If you're used to trying out different Linux desktops, then customizing your environment is nothing new to you. For GNOME, the easiest and most obvious way to customize the desktop beyond what GNOME provides you in Settings is [Tweaks][5], available from your Software app.
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME tweaks menu][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Tweaks lets you customize practically anything—themes, the buttons that show up in your window bars, GNOME extensions, fonts, power settings, startup applications, and much more.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is how some users set up their GNOME desktops:
|
||||
|
||||
> [Matt Broberg][7]
|
||||
>
|
||||
> * Learn how to [get started with GNOME extensions][8].
|
||||
> * Customize the look of GNOME with [GNOME-look.org][9].
|
||||
> * All GNOME customizations (extensions included) are saved to a user’s `$HOME/.config` directory, so if I migrate my home directory to another computer, or I put my configs into Git management, I can keep my environment consistent.
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> Daniel Alley
|
||||
>
|
||||
> * Install [Dash to Dock][10], [Caffeine][11], [Disconnect Wifi][12], and [Sound Input and Output Device Chooser][13] extensions.
|
||||
> * Enable minimize and maximize buttons in window bars with GNOME Tweak tool.
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> Grzegorz Grzybek
|
||||
>
|
||||
> * One of my favorite extensions is [GTK Title Bar][14], which removes title bars of non-GNOME apps when they’re put into fullscreen mode.
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Try something the same, or try something different
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME was a direct response to the KDE desktop, which, at the time, was not licensed as [free software][15], and its original design played to the expectations of a KDE user.
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME desktop example with Fedora][16]
|
||||
|
||||
It has come a long way since the early days and stands beside (and in many ways surpasses) the best-known desktops on other platforms. GNOME 3 is a progressive desktop, moving toward a unified interface for interfaces driven by keyboard, mouse, and touch. It's designed to balance beauty with resource requirements, innovation with familiarity, and efficiency with intuition.
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME 3 desktop][17]
|
||||
|
||||
But if you're finding that you're familiar enough with GNOME but still not enjoying it, then there's nothing stopping you from trying something entirely different. In fact, it's common to try many different [desktops and window managers][18] on Linux and BSD because having choice in how you interact with your own computer is arguably the best embodiment of the open source spirit. You get to use your technology on your own terms. You never have to settle for what somebody else thinks is best.
|
||||
|
||||
How do you configure GNOME? Do you use GNOME or a different desktop? Tell us in the comments!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/gnome-users
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Opensource.com][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/admin
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_desk_home_laptop_browser.png?itok=Y3UVpY0l (Digital images of a computer desktop)
|
||||
[2]: https://www.gnome.org/press/1999/03/gnome-1-0-released/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/getting-started-gnome-boxes-virtualization
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-software-installer.png (GNOME software installer)
|
||||
[5]: https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Tweaks?action=show&redirect=Apps%2FGnomeTweakTool
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-tweaks.png (GNOME tweaks menu)
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/users/mbbroberg
|
||||
[8]: https://extensions.gnome.org
|
||||
[9]: https://www.gnome-look.org
|
||||
[10]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/
|
||||
[11]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/517/caffeine/
|
||||
[12]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/904/disconnect-wifi/
|
||||
[13]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/906/sound-output-device-chooser/
|
||||
[14]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1732/gtk-title-bar/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software
|
||||
[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome_desktop.png (GNOME desktop example with Fedora)
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-gnome_0.jpg (GNOME 3 desktop)
|
||||
[18]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops
|
||||
120
sources/tech/20200626 Docker and Fedora 32.md
Normal file
120
sources/tech/20200626 Docker and Fedora 32.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Docker and Fedora 32)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/docker-and-fedora-32/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Kevin "Eonfge" Degeling https://fedoramagazine.org/author/eonfge/)
|
||||
|
||||
Docker and Fedora 32
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
With the release of Fedora 32, regular users of [Docker][2] have been confronted by a small challenge. At the time of writing, Docker is not supported on Fedora 32. There are alternatives, like [Podman][3] and [Buildah][4], but for many existing users, switching now might not be the best time. As such, this article can help you set up your Docker environment on Fedora 32.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 0: Removing conflicts
|
||||
|
||||
This step is for any user upgrading from Fedora 30 or 31. If this is a fresh installation of Fedora 32, you can move on to step 1.
|
||||
|
||||
To remove docker and all its related components:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf remove docker-*
|
||||
sudo dnf config-manager --disable docker-*
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1: System preparation
|
||||
|
||||
With the last two versions of Fedora, the operating system has moved to two new technologies: CGroups and NFTables for the Firewall. While the details of these new technologies is behind the scope of this tutorial, it’s a sad fact that docker doesn’t support them yet. As such, you’ll have to make some changes to facilitate Docker on Fedora.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Enable old CGroups
|
||||
|
||||
The previous implementation of CGroups is still supported and it can be enabled using the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=0"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Whitelist docker in firewall
|
||||
|
||||
To allow Docker to have network access, two commands are needed.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-interface=docker0
|
||||
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=FedoraWorkstation --add-masquerade
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The first command will add the Docker-interface to the trusted environment which allows Docker to make remote connections. The second command will allow docker to make local connections. This is particularly useful when multiple Docker containers are in as a development environment.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 2: installing Moby
|
||||
|
||||
[Moby][5] is the open-source, white label version of Docker. It’s based on the same code but it does not carry the trademark. It’s included in the main Fedora repository, which makes it easy to install.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install moby-engine docker-compose
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This installs _moby-engine_, _docker-compose_, _containerd_ and some other related libraries. Once installed, you’ll have to enable the system-wide daemon to run docker.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable docker
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 3: Restart and test
|
||||
|
||||
To ensure that all systems and settings are properly processed, you’ll now have to reboot your machine.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo systemctl reboot
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
After that, you can validate your installation using the Docker hello-world package.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo docker run hello-world
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You are then greeted by the Hello from Docker! unless something went wrong.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Running as admin
|
||||
|
||||
Optionally, you can now also add your user to the group account of Docker, so that you can start docker images without typing _sudo_.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo groupadd docker
|
||||
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Logout and login for the change to take effect. If the thought of running containers with administrator privileges concerns you, then you should look into Podman.
|
||||
|
||||
### In summary
|
||||
|
||||
From this point on, Docker will work how you’re used to, including docker-compose and all docker-related tools. Don’t forget to check out the official documentation which can help you in many cases where something isn’t quite right.
|
||||
|
||||
The current state of Docker on Fedora 32 is not ideal. The lack of an official package might bother some, and there is an [issue upstream][6] where this is discussed. The missing support for both [CGroups][7] and [NFTables][8] is more technical, but you can check their progress in their public issues.
|
||||
|
||||
These instruction should allow you to continue working like nothing has happened. If this has not satisfied your needs, don’t forget to address your technical issues at the Moby or Docker Github pages, or take a look at Podman which might prove more robust in the long-term future.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/docker-and-fedora-32/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Kevin "Eonfge" Degeling][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/eonfge/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/f32-04-twilight-816x459.png
|
||||
[2]: https://docs.docker.com/
|
||||
[3]: https://podman.io/getting-started/
|
||||
[4]: https://buildah.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://mobyproject.org/
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/docker/for-linux/issues/955
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/40360
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/26824
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Open source tools for translating British to American English)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/6/british-american-cli-translator)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Jeff Macharyas https://opensource.com/users/jeffmacharyas)
|
||||
|
||||
Open source tools for translating British to American English
|
||||
======
|
||||
Convert British English to American English (and vice versa) with these
|
||||
command-line translators.
|
||||
![Red telephone booth on a street in England][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Last Christmas, my wife and I traveled to my hometown of Ft. Pierce, Florida, and frequented a local establishment on the beach. There, we met a couple from The Midlands in the UK. The music was loud and so was the beer, so it was a bit hard to hear. Plus, even though it "seemed" they were speaking English, it was sometimes a challenge to understand what they were saying. I thought my time in Australia would have given me enough linguistic power, but, alas, a lot went over my head. There was more than the usual "soccer is football" or "trunk is a boot" sort of confusion.
|
||||
|
||||
Fortunately, there are open source solutions to translate "British" into "American." We may speak the same language, but our shared speech takes more twists and turns than Zig Zag Hill in Shaftesbury, Dorset!
|
||||
|
||||
If you happen to be at the bar with your Linux laptop, you can use a handy open source command-line program, cleverly called the [American British English Translator][2] (MIT license).
|
||||
|
||||
I installed the Translator on my repurposed MacBook running Linux with:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ npm install -g american-british-english-translator`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Which required me to [install Node.js][3] first.
|
||||
|
||||
### I do declare!
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to translating words and phrases, the American British English Translator will analyze, ummm, analyse, documents. I gave this a go with a popular document called _The Declaration of Independence_. (tl;dr). It analyzed the document and returned many results. One of the more interesting was:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
fall:
|
||||
issue: Different meanings
|
||||
details:
|
||||
American English: autumn
|
||||
British English:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
to become pregnant. (Either as in 'I fell pregnant' or as in 'She fell for a baby.');
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Not exactly "taken captive on the high seas" as the *Declaration's *authors accused:
|
||||
|
||||
> "He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands."
|
||||
|
||||
### Along comes MARY
|
||||
|
||||
For simple word replacements, you can try [Common_Language][4], an open source (MIT license) Python script.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, if you're sharing a pint with your mates, you may need to actually speak to them in a voice and language they will understand. This would be a good time to bring MARY along with you.
|
||||
|
||||
[MaryTTS][5] is an open source, multilingual text-to-speech synthesis platform written in Java (GNU license). The handy [browser-based interface][6] makes it easy to translate your American bar talk into right good English (or other languages) in either a male or female voice.
|
||||
|
||||
So, now I am ready to meet my British friends (when it is safe to do so again), grab a few pints, and—Bob's your uncle—speak English like a native! Cheerio, y'all!
|
||||
|
||||
Translating documentation takes time and effort, but not nearly as much as starting over from...
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/british-american-cli-translator
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jeff Macharyas][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jeffmacharyas
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/england-telephone-booth-street.jpg?itok=JQsc_piX (Red telephone booth on a street in England)
|
||||
[2]: https://github.com/hyperreality/American-British-English-Translator
|
||||
[3]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
|
||||
[4]: https://github.com/willettk/common_language
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/marytts/marytts
|
||||
[6]: http://mary.dfki.de:59125/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Learn Shell Scripting for Free With These Resources [PDF, Video Courses and Interactive Websites])
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/shell-scripting-resources/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
|
||||
|
||||
Learn Shell Scripting for Free With These Resources [PDF, Video Courses and Interactive Websites]
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**So, you want to learn shell scripting? Or perhaps you want to improve your existing bash knowledge? I have collected a few resources that will help you learn shell scripting for free.**_
|
||||
|
||||
A shell is a command-line interpreter that lets you type in commands to get an output. You’re already looking at a shell when you’re using the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, a shell is a command-line interface that you can interact with to give some type of instructions to the operating system. While there are different types of shells, **[bash][1]** (GNU Bourne-Again Shell) is the popular one used by almost every Linux distro out there.
|
||||
|
||||
When talk about shell scripting, that means — a user wants to execute multiple commands to get an output using a script.
|
||||
|
||||
You may need to learn shell scripting as part of your course curriculum or as part of your job. Knowing shell scripting also helps you automate certain repeated tasks in Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Whatever be the reason for learning shell scripting, let me show you the resources.
|
||||
|
||||
### Top Free Resources to Learn Shell Scripting
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t have Linux installed on your system? No, worries. There are various [ways of using Linux terminal on Windows][3]. You may also [use online Linux terminals][4] in some cases to practice shell scripting.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Learn Shell [Interactive web portal]
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re looking for an interactive web portal to learn shell scripting and also try it online, Learn Shell is a great place to start.
|
||||
|
||||
It covers the basics and offers some advanced exercises as well. The content is usually brief and to the point – hence, I’d recommend you to check this out.
|
||||
|
||||
[Learn Shell][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Shell Scripting Tutorial [Web portal]
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Shell scripting tutorial is web resource that’s completely dedicated for shell scripting. You can choose to read the resource for free or can opt to purchase the PDF, book, or the e-book to support it.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, paying for the paperback edition or the e-book is optional. But, the resource should come in handy for free.
|
||||
|
||||
[Shell Scripting Tutorial][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Shell Scripting – Udemy (Free video course)
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
[Udemy][10] is unquestionably one of the most popular platforms for online courses. And, in addition to the paid certified courses, it also offers some free stuff that does not include certifications.
|
||||
|
||||
Shell Scripting is one of the most recommended free course available on Udemy for free. You can enroll in it without spending anything.
|
||||
|
||||
[Shell Scripting – Udemy][11]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Bash Shell Scripting – Udemy (Free video course)
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
Yet another interesting free course focused on bash shell scripting on Udemy. Compared to the previous one, this resource seems to be more popular. So, you can enroll in it and see what it has to offer.
|
||||
|
||||
Not to forget that the free Udemy course does not offer any certifications. But, it’s indeed an impressive free shell scripting learning resource.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Bash Academy [online portal with interactive game]
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
As the name suggests, the bash academy is completely focused on educating the users about bash shell.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s suitable for both beginners and experienced users even though it does not offer a lot of content. Not just limited to the guide — but it also used to offer an interactive game to practice which no longer works.
|
||||
|
||||
Hence, if this is interesting enough, you can also check out its [GitHub page][14] and fork it to improve the existing resources if you want.
|
||||
|
||||
[Bash Academy][15]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Bash Scripting LinkedIn Learning (Free video course)
|
||||
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
LinkedIn offers a number of free courses to help you improve your skills and get ready for more job opportunities. You will also find a couple of courses focused on shell scripting to brush up some basic skills or gain some advanced knowledge in the process.
|
||||
|
||||
Here, I’ve linked a course for bash scripting, you can find some other similar courses for free as well.
|
||||
|
||||
[Bash Scripting (LinkedIn Learning)][17]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Advanced Bash Scripting Guide [Free PDF book]
|
||||
|
||||
![][18]
|
||||
|
||||
An impressive advanced bash scripting guide available in the form of PDF for free. This PDF resource does not enforce any copyrights and is completely free in the public domain.
|
||||
|
||||
Even though the resource is focused on providing advanced insights. It’s also suitable for beginners to refer this resource and start to learn shell scripting.
|
||||
|
||||
[Advanced Bash Scripting Guide [PDF]][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Bash Notes for Professionals [Free PDF book]
|
||||
|
||||
![][20]
|
||||
|
||||
This is good reference guide if you are already familiar with Bash Shell scripting or if you just want a quick summary.
|
||||
|
||||
This free downloadable book runs over 100 pages and covers a wide variety of scripting topics with the help of brief description and quick examples.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Bash Notes for Professional][21]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Tutorialspoint [Web portal]
|
||||
|
||||
![][22]
|
||||
|
||||
Tutorialspoint is a quite popular web portal to learn a variety of [programming languages][23]. I would say this is quite good for starters to learn the fundamentals and the basics.
|
||||
|
||||
This may not be suitable as a detailed resource — but it should be a useful one for free.
|
||||
|
||||
[Tutorialspoint][24]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. City College of San Francisco Online Notes [Web portal]
|
||||
|
||||
![][25]
|
||||
|
||||
This may not be the best free resource there is — but if you’re ready to explore every type of resource to learn shell scripting, why not refer to the online notes of City College of San Francisco?
|
||||
|
||||
I came across this with a random search on the Internet about shell scripting resources.
|
||||
|
||||
Again, it’s important to note that the online notes could be a bit dated. But, it should be an interesting resource to explore.
|
||||
|
||||
[City College of San Francisco Notes][26]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Honorable mention: Linux Man Page
|
||||
|
||||
![][27]
|
||||
|
||||
Not to forget, the man page for bash should also be a fantastic free resource to explore more about the commands and how it works.
|
||||
|
||||
Even if it’s not tailored as something that lets you master shell scripting, it is still an important web resource that you can use for free. You can either choose to visit the man page online or just head to the terminal and type the following command to get help:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
man bash
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Wrapping Up
|
||||
|
||||
There are also a lot of popular paid resources just like some of the [best Linux books][28] available out there. It’s easy to start learning about shell scripting using some free resources available across the web.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the ones I’ve mentioned, I’m sure there must be numerous other resources available online to help you learn shell scripting.
|
||||
|
||||
Do you like the resources mentioned above? Also, if you’re aware of a fantastic free resource that I possibly missed, feel free to tell me about it in the comments below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/shell-scripting-resources/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)
|
||||
[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Learn-Shell-Scripting.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/run-linux-commands-in-windows/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/online-linux-terminals/
|
||||
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/learnshell.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://www.learnshell.org/
|
||||
[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/shell-scripting-tutorial.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://www.shellscript.sh/
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/shell-scripting-udemy.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://www.udemy.com
|
||||
[11]: https://www.udemy.com/course/shell-scripting-i/
|
||||
[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/bash-shell-scripting.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/the-bash-academy.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[14]: https://github.com/lhunath/guide.bash.academy
|
||||
[15]: https://guide.bash.academy/
|
||||
[16]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/learn-bash-scripting-linkedin.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[17]: https://www.linkedin.com/learning/learning-bash-scripting
|
||||
[18]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/advanced-bash-scripting-pdf.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[19]: http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/abs-guide.pdf
|
||||
[20]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Bash-Notes-for-Professional.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[21]: https://goalkicker.com/BashBook/
|
||||
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/tutorialspoint-shell.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[23]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language
|
||||
[24]: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/shell_scripting.htm
|
||||
[25]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/scripting-notes-ccsf.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[26]: https://fog.ccsf.edu/~gboyd/cs160b/online/index.html
|
||||
[27]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/bash-linux-man-page.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[28]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-books/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to Make Ubuntu Look Like macOS in 5 Easy Steps)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/make-ubuntu-look-like-macos/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Community https://itsfoss.com/author/itsfoss/)
|
||||
|
||||
如何使用 5 个简单的步骤来使 Ubuntu 看起来像 macOS
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
定制系统是 [我为什么使用 Linux][1] 的一个主要原因。定制桌面 Linux 的道路是永无止境的.你可以更改图标，主题，字体，终端，添加屏幕小工具，[指示器小程序][2], 扩展小程序等诸如此类的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
我们已经在 FOSS 上介绍了很多桌面环境定制的建议和技巧。在这篇文章中，我将向你展示如何使 Ubuntu 看起来像 macOS 。
|
||||
|
||||
很多人使用 macOS ，是因为它的简单和唯美的外观。你可能不同意这一点，但是这仍然是一个流行的观点。甚至可以说这里有些类似 macOS 外观和感觉的 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
**一位读者要求我们展示如何使 Ubuntu 看起来像 macOS** ，因此我们创建了这篇教程。事实上，这是一个 **很好的用来展示桌面 Linux 定制能力的示例** 。
|
||||
|
||||
不，你没有必要为定制外观而安装一个新的发行版。你可以在你自己的系统上做一些调整来给予你一个类似 macOS 的外观。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何给予你的 Ubuntu Linux 一个 macOS 外观改造
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
尽管这篇文章是对 Ubuntu 的建议，但是你也可以在 **其它使用 GNOME desktop** 的发行版中使用这些建议，只需要做很少或不做任何更改。请确保 [检查你的桌面环境][4] 。
|
||||
|
||||
平心而论，即使你使用一些其它的桌面环境，你仍然可以获得一些关于要做哪些更改的提示。但是你必需确保使用你所用桌面环境的工具来遵循这些步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 必要条件: GNOME Tweaks 和 GNOME 扩展
|
||||
|
||||
请确保 [安装 GNOME Tweaks 工具][5] 。你将需要它来更改主题和图标。
|
||||
|
||||
你也将需要 [启用 GNOME 扩展][6] 来更改 GNOME Shell 和添加重要的要点。
|
||||
|
||||
在你启用 GNOME 扩展后，你需要从 [Gnome 扩展][7] 来安装“用户主题”扩展，或者只需要转到 [这个超链接][8] ，并单击开关来将其打开。
|
||||
|
||||
我也要求你有一些 [在 Ubuntu 上安装主题][9] 的知识。不过，我将简单得涉及这个主题。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们依次看看每个步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 1: 安装一个受 macOS 影响的 GTK 主题
|
||||
|
||||
因为重点是使 GNOME 看起来像 macOS ，所以你应该选择一个像 macOS 一样的主题。在这里有很多像 macOS 一样的主题。
|
||||
|
||||
**下载一个你选择的主题**
|
||||
|
||||
你可以转到 [Gnome-look][10] 站点，并搜索关于 GTK3 的主题。如果你看到 “Pling” 写在 Gnome-look 网站上，不用担心。因为它们都来自同一个提供商。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以选择任何你像要的主题。这里有一些 macOS 主题，我认为你应该看一看：
|
||||
|
||||
[**mcOS 11**][11]
|
||||
|
||||
[McHigh Sierra][12]
|
||||
|
||||
[Catalina][13]
|
||||
|
||||
[McMojave][14]
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我将使用 “[McMojave][14]”。你可以选择任何你想要的主题。你将在网站的右侧找到下拉式的下载按钮，单击它。
|
||||
|
||||
![McMojave 暗黑主题][15]
|
||||
|
||||
在这里你可以找到各种各样的 “.tar.xz” 文件。这些不同是文件包含略有区别的相同主题。像在 “McMojave” 中，我们有像暗黑主题和明亮主题的变体。你可以全试，或者从转盘中间选择你喜欢的任意一个。
|
||||
|
||||
**设置下载的主题**
|
||||
|
||||
提取下载的主题，并复制这些提取的主题文件夹到 .local/share/themes 文件夹下。
|
||||
|
||||
打开 GNOME Tweak 工具，并更改应用程序和 Shell 主题。在你更改主题的同时，你可以看到黄色，绿色和红色三个按钮, and that Apple logo on upper left corner. 你也可以注意到在面板项目上的一些更改。
|
||||
|
||||
![McMojave GTK 和 Shell 主题][16]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 2: 安装像 macOS 一样的图标
|
||||
|
||||
macOS 外观改造的下一步骤是使用像 macOS 一样的图标。
|
||||
|
||||
**下载图标集合**
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一些我建议使用的图标集合，你可以从 Gnome-look 网站下载：
|
||||
|
||||
[McMojave-circle][17]
|
||||
|
||||
[Mojave CT-icons][18]
|
||||
|
||||
[Cupertino icons][19]
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我将使用“[McMojave-circle][17]” ，你可以随意使用任何你喜欢的图标。
|
||||
|
||||
就像主题一样，你可以从右侧的下拉式的“下载”按钮下载图标集合。在这里你也可以找到同一种图标的不同版本。
|
||||
|
||||
![Mcmojave Circle][20]
|
||||
|
||||
**设置图标**
|
||||
|
||||
现在设置下载的图标。为此，提取下载文件中的文件夹并复制它到你的 home 目录下的 .icons 文件夹。 查看这篇关于 [在 Ubuntu 中安装图标][9] [][9][主题][9] 的文章。
|
||||
|
||||
这是这种图标看起来的样子：
|
||||
|
||||
![McMojave Circle 图标外观][21]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 3: 添加类似 macOS 样子的 dock
|
||||
|
||||
没有类似 macOS 样子的 dock ，你的 Ubuntu 将不会看起来像 macOS 。在 Linus 上有很多可用的 dock 。我喜欢 [Dash to Dock][22] ，并且将在这里使用它。
|
||||
|
||||
Dash to Dock 是一个 GNOME 扩展。到现在为止，你已经熟悉 GNOME 扩展。只需要转到 [这个超链接][23] ，并单击切换按钮来安装它。你的原本的 dock 将自动被 dash-to-dock 所替换。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过右键单击 “显示应用程序” 按钮(最右边的菜单按钮)来更改设置，并选择 “Dash to dock 设置”。
|
||||
|
||||
![Dash To Dock][24]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 4: 使用 macOS 壁纸
|
||||
|
||||
大多数复杂的东西已经完成。现在是时候设置 macOS 壁纸了。你可以从下面的超链接下载 macOS 默认壁纸：
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 macOS 壁纸][25]
|
||||
|
||||
**更改桌面背景**
|
||||
|
||||
我将使用 “Mojave Day” 壁纸。右键单击已下载的的图像，并选择 ‘设置为壁纸’ 选项来更改壁纸。
|
||||
|
||||
在设置这个壁纸后，这是我系统外观的样子：
|
||||
|
||||
![][26]
|
||||
|
||||
**更改锁屏壁纸**
|
||||
|
||||
锁屏壁纸选项已经从 [Ubuntu 20.04][27] 的设置中移除。现在它使用模棱两可的桌面壁纸作为锁屏壁纸。
|
||||
|
||||
为设置一个自定义锁屏壁纸，你可以使用 “[锁屏壁纸][28]” 扩展。
|
||||
|
||||
打开 “锁屏壁纸” 扩展设置，并设置锁屏壁纸。
|
||||
|
||||
![锁屏背景设置][29]
|
||||
|
||||
这是锁屏现在的样子。如果你想弄明白的话，这里是 [如何在 Ubuntu 中锁屏截图][30]。
|
||||
|
||||
![锁屏][31]
|
||||
|
||||
![登录屏幕][32]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 5: 更改系统字体
|
||||
|
||||
这几年以来，macOS 的主要字体是 ‘San Francisco’ 。但是，这个 San Francisco 字体不在公共领域中，而是专有的，就像在苹果生态系统中的很多其它东西一样。因此，你不能使用这种字体。
|
||||
|
||||
你能做的就是使用一种看起来像 San Francisc 字体一样的开源字体。我建议使用来自 Google 的 [Roboto][33] 字体，或来自 Adobe 的 [Source Sans Pro][34] 。
|
||||
|
||||
[在 Ubuntu 中安装字体是很简单的][35] 。下载 字体的 zip 文件，只需要在提取出来的文件夹中双击 ttf 文件。它将给予你逐个安装字体的选项。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想节省时间并一次安装所有的字体，提取其中所有的字体到你的 home 文件夹 (~/.fonts) 下的 “.fonts” 目录中。
|
||||
|
||||
![安装字体][36]
|
||||
|
||||
在你安装字体后，你可以使用 GNOME Tweaks 工具来更改系统字体。
|
||||
|
||||
![设置字体][37]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 额外提示: Spotlight 就像应用程序启动器一样(如果你像多跑1英里的话)
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是 macOS Spotlight 启动器的一名粉丝，那么你在 Linux 上也能够有一些类似的东西。我最喜欢获取的这类启动器的软件包是 “[Albert][38]“ 。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以找到 [Albert 在其网站上的安装说明][39] 。
|
||||
|
||||
在安装后，打开 “Albert” 并设置快捷键 (你想打开启动器的组合键)，接下来你就可以去尝试一下。我认为在 macOS 中，Command 按键 + 空格按键是来启动 Spotlight 的。你可以设置 Super 按键 + 空格按键 [为 Ubuntu 中的键盘快捷键][40] 。
|
||||
|
||||
你将会获得很多内置的主题，在下面的图片中，我使用 “Spotlight 暗黑” 主题。
|
||||
|
||||
Albert 不能直接启动应用程序，你必需给予它能够查看搜索结果是权限。
|
||||
|
||||
![Albert 设置][41]
|
||||
|
||||
在设置后，这是它看起来的样子：
|
||||
|
||||
![Albert 暗黑主题][42]
|
||||
|
||||
这是我的 Ubuntu 20.04 在完成所有定制后的样子。它看起来像 macOS 吗? 仁者见仁，智者见智。
|
||||
|
||||
![macOS 主题][43]
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 使用 macOS 外观改造][44]
|
||||
|
||||
如此，这就是你如何使你的 GNOME desktop 看起来像 macOS 一样的步骤。正如我在开始时所说的，这是一个很好的 Linux 桌面定制功能的示例。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你有新的注意或有任何疑问；评论区全是你的地盘。
|
||||
|
||||
_由 Sumeet 编写，并由 Abhishek Prakash 提供补充输入信息。_
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/make-ubuntu-look-like-macos/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Community][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/itsfoss/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-indicator-applets-ubuntu/
|
||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Make-Ubuntu-Look-like-MacOS.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/
|
||||
[7]: https://extensions.gnome.org/
|
||||
[8]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/install-themes-ubuntu/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.gnome-look.org/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.pling.com/p/1220826
|
||||
[12]: https://www.pling.com/p/1013714
|
||||
[13]: https://www.pling.com/p/1226871
|
||||
[14]: https://www.pling.com/p/1275087
|
||||
[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/McMojave-dark-theme.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[16]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/McMojave-Desktop.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[17]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1305429/
|
||||
[18]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1210856/
|
||||
[19]: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1102582/
|
||||
[20]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/McMojave-circle-.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[21]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/McMojave-circle-icons-look.png?fit=800%2C494&ssl=1
|
||||
[22]: https://github.com/micheleg/dash-to-dock
|
||||
[23]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/
|
||||
[24]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Dash-to-dock-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[25]: https://oswallpapers.com/category/mac-os/
|
||||
[26]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Wallpaper.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[27]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-release-features/
|
||||
[28]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1476/unlock-dialog-background/
|
||||
[29]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Lock-screen-background-setting.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[30]: https://itsfoss.com/screenshot-login-screen-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[31]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Lock-screen-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[32]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Login-screen-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[33]: https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto?query=robot
|
||||
[34]: https://adobe-fonts.github.io/source-sans-pro/
|
||||
[35]: https://itsfoss.com/install-fonts-ubuntu/
|
||||
[36]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Fonts.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[37]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Set-fonts.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[38]: https://albertlauncher.github.io/
|
||||
[39]: https://albertlauncher.github.io/docs/installing/
|
||||
[40]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/
|
||||
[41]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Albert-settings.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[42]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Albert-look.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[43]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/macOS-theme.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[44]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/macOS-theme-2.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user