From 40e5cc87cd7996287d28c9fbafc3114dd065800e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 22 May 2023 11:04:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] RP @wxy https://linux.cn/article-15834-1.html --- ...9.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md | 286 ++++++++++++++++++ ...9.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md | 280 ----------------- 2 files changed, 286 insertions(+), 280 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md diff --git a/published/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md b/published/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..978b4c0e8b --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,286 @@ +[#]: subject: "Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/qemu-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15834-1.html" + +在 Ubuntu 上安装和使用 Qemu +====== + +![][0] + +> 学习如何在 Ubuntu 中正确安装 Qemu，然后在虚拟机中配置 Linux 发行版。 + +如果你需要运行 Linux 虚拟机，Qemu 是目前最快的管理程序之一，甚至没有“之一”。 + +除了速度之外，你还可以获得出色的配置选项。即使你不是一个资深用户，它也给你足够的调整空间。 + +在本教程中，我将引导你完成： + +- 在 Ubuntu 上安装 Qemu 和 KVM +- 在 Qemu 上安装另一个发行版 +- 在 Qemu 中启用共享文件夹、自动调整大小和复制粘贴（可选，但会使你的虚拟机体验更顺畅）。 + +那么让我们从安装开始吧。 + +### 在 Ubuntu 上安装 Qemu 和 KVM + +> ✋ 在开始安装之前，让我们检查一下你的机器是否支持虚拟化。  + +要做到这一点，请使用以下命令： + +``` +LC_ALL=C lscpu | grep Virtualization +``` + +如果你有一个英特尔处理器，它应该带来以下输出： + +![检查该计算机是否支持基于硬件的虚拟化][1] + +如果你有一个 AMD 处理器，它应该得到以下输出： + +``` +Virtualization: AMD-V +``` + +另外，[确保你的系统有多个处理器核心][2]，这样你可以分配一些给你的虚拟机，并且仍然有足够的处理能力提供给宿主机。 + +如果你不确定，使用下面的命令，**输出应该大于零**： + +``` +egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo +``` + +![检查 Linux 中系统的核心总数和线程数][3] + +一旦你都准备好了，你就可以用以下命令在 Ubuntu 上安装 Qemu 和 KVM： + +``` +sudo apt install qemu qemu-kvm virt-manager bridge-utils +``` + +安装结束后，**重新启动你的系统**。 + +#### 将用户添加到适当的组中 + +为了使 Qemu 工作，你必须 [将你的用户加入两个组][4]：`libvirt-kvm` 和 `libvirt`。 + +要做到这一点，请逐一使用以下命令： + +``` +sudo useradd -g $USER libvirt +sudo useradd -g $USER libvirt-kvm +``` + +接下来，启用并启动 `libvirt` 服务： + +``` +sudo systemctl enable libvirtd.service && sudo systemctl start libvirtd.service +``` + +这就行了！Qemu 的安装已经完成。 + +### 用 Qemu 安装另一个 Linux 虚拟机 + +> 📋 请下载你想在 Qemu 虚拟机中安装的 Linux 发行版的 ISO 文件。 + +首先，从系统菜单中打开 虚拟机管理器Virtual Machine Manager： + +![从系统菜单中启动 Qemu][5] + +接下来，点击 “文件File” 菜单，选择 “新建虚拟机New Virtual Machine” 选项： + +![在 Qemu 中创建新的虚拟机][6] + +从这里，选择第一个选项 “本地安装介质Local install media”，这将允许你从文件管理器中选择 ISO： + +![选择本地 ISO 文件以在 Qemu 中创建新的虚拟机][7] + +接下来，你将被要求添加 ISO 文件。在这里，点击 “浏览Browse” 按钮；它将打开一个新的提示窗口，在那里，点击 “浏览本地Browse Local”。 + +它将打开文件管理器，从那里选择 ISO 文件： + +![在 Qemu 中导入 ISO 文件][8] + +**在大多数情况下，ISO 文件会被检测到，但如果你发现它没有自动检测到，请按照以下步骤操作：** + +- 取消勾选 “自动从安装介质/源检测Automatically detect from the installtion media / source” 选项 +- 选择 “常见的 LinuxGeneric Linux” 选项 + +![解决 Qemu 中未检测到 ISO 的问题][9] + +接下来，你将被要求根据你的需要分配内存和存储。我建议桌面版至少要有 2 个核心、4GB 内存和 25GB 的存储空间： + +![在 Qemu 中为虚拟机分配内存、内核和存储空间][10] + +> 📋 除了磁盘空间，CPU 和内存等系统资源只在 VM 中运行操作系统时使用。 + +最后，给你的虚拟机起一个合适的名字；完成后，点击 “完成Finish” 按钮： + +![在 Qemu 中命名你的虚拟机][11] + +它将加载 ISO，所以你可以从这里开始安装。 + +这就完成了。你可能会觉得这已经很不错了，但如果你启用共享文件夹、剪贴板共享等，你会更喜欢它。下面的几节将介绍如何做到这一点。 + +### 在 Qemu 中启用共享文件夹（可选） + +在本节中，我将向你展示如何将宿主机的现有目录与虚拟机共享。 + +要做到这一点，你必须执行以下步骤： + +- 通过 Qemu 中的虚拟机设置添加一个共享文件系统 +- 在虚拟机中挂载文件系统 + +因此，首先从系统菜单中打开虚拟机管理器，选择虚拟机，并点击 “打开Open” 按钮来管理控制台： + +![打开 Qemu 中虚拟机的设置][12] + +现在，点击 “信息Info” 按钮，选择 “内存Memory” 并启用共享内存： + +![在 Qemu 中启用共享内存][13] + +接下来，点击 “添加硬件Add Hardware” 按钮，选择 “文件系统Filesystem” 选项。 + +在这里，你必须做以下工作： + +- 在 “源路径Source Path” 部分添加一个你想共享的目录的路径 +- 在 “目标路径Target Path” 部分添加该目录的名称 + +![在 Qemu 中创建共享文件夹][14] + +完成后，点击 “完成Finish” 按钮，启动虚拟机。 + +在虚拟机中，打开终端，使用下面的语法来挂载共享目录： + +``` +sudo mount -t virtiofs sharename path/to/shared/directory +``` + +在我的例子中，它是 `Downloads` 目录，所以我将使用下面的方式： + +``` +sudo mount -t virtiofs Downloads /home/sagar/Downloads +``` + +![在 Qemu 中挂载共享文件夹][15] + +这就行了。 + +**但这是一个临时的解决方案。** + +要使它成为永久性的，你必须在虚拟机的 `/etc/fstab` 中创建一个条目。 + +要这样做，首先，用下面的方法打开 `/etc/fstab` 配置文件： + +``` +sudo nano /etc/fstab +``` + +按下`Alt + /`，[在 nano 文本编辑器中转到文件的末尾][16] ，并使用以下语法创建一个条目： + +``` +sharename path/to/shared/directory virtiofs defaults 0 0 +``` + +这是我的配置，看起来像这样： + +![使 Qemu 中的共享文件夹永久化][17] + +一旦完成，[保存更改并退出 nano][18] 文本编辑器。 + +这里我展示了我是如何在主机上的 `Downloads` 目录下创建一个新文件，并且这些变化反映在我的虚拟机上： + +![在 Qemu 中使用共享文件夹][19] + +因此，现在你可以使用这个共享文件夹在主机和虚拟机之间传输文件，没有任何问题了！ + +### 在 Qemu 中启用共享剪贴板（可选） + +要启用共享剪贴板，你所要做的就是在虚拟机中安装 `spice-vdagent` 工具。 + +因此，如果你的虚拟机是基于 Ubuntu/Debian 的，你可以使用以下方法： + +``` +sudo apt install spice-vdagent +``` + +对于基于 Arch 的发行版： + +``` +sudo pacman -S spice-vdagent +``` + +对于基于 Fedora 的发行版： + +``` +sudo yum install spice-vdagent +``` + +一旦你完成了安装，**重启你的虚拟机**，剪贴板应该可以如期工作了。 + +### 在 Qemu 中启用自动调整大小（可选） + +自动调整大小的功能没什么，但当你调整虚拟机窗口的大小时，虚拟机的显示会立即适应大小的变化： + +![Qemu 中的自动调整大小][20] + +要启用 Qemu 中的自动调整大小功能，你必须遵循 2 个简单的步骤： + +- 点击 “视图View”（从顶部菜单栏）。 +- 选择 “缩放显示Scale Display” 并选择 “总是Always” 选项。 + +![在 Qemu 中启用自动调整大小][21] + +这就是我这边看到的情况了。 + +### 想要使用 Qemu 的即插即用版本？ + +在本教程中，我介绍了如何在 Qemu 中手动安装虚拟机，但如果我告诉你，你可以自动完成整个过程，如分配存储空间、内存等步骤呢？ + +是的，它提供了同样的效率，但当你想尽快创建一个新的虚拟机时，它就会派上用场！这个工具叫 Quickgui，我们有一个专门的安装教程： + +> **[用基于 Qemu 的 Quickgui 轻松地创建虚拟机](https://itsfoss.com/quickgui/)** + +我希望你会发现这个指南对你有帮助。如果你有任何疑问，欢迎在评论中提问。 + +*（题图：MJ/b3c4d5b2-e727-4b70-9bb8-e864941eef9a）* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/qemu-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/check-where-the-computer-supports-hardware-based-virtualization-or-not.png +[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/check-cpu-info-linux/?ref=itsfoss.com +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Check-total-number-of-cores-and-threads-of-system-in-linux.png +[4]: https://learnubuntu.com/add-user-group/?ref=itsfoss.com +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Start-Qemu-from-the-system-menu-1.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Create-new-VM-in-Qemu.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Choose-the-local-ISO-file-to-create-new-VM-in-Qemu.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Import-the-ISO-file-in-QEMU.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Deal-with-ISO-not-detected-in-Qemu.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Allocate-RAM--cores-and-storage-space-to-VM-in-Qemu.png +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Name-your-VM-in-Qemu.png +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/open-the-settings-for-VM-in-Qemu.png +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/enable-shared-memory-in-Qemu.png +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/enable-shared-directory-in-Qemu.png +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/use-shared-folders-in-Qemu.png +[16]: https://linuxhandbook.com/beginning-end-file-nano/?ref=itsfoss.com +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Make-shared-folders-in-Qemu-permenent.png +[18]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/?ref=itsfoss.com +[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/use-shared-folder-in-Qemu.gif +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Auto-resize-in-Qemu-1.gif +[21]: hhttps://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/Enable_auto-resize_in_Qemu.png +[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202305/22/105942liixku1fx7uufgi1.jpg \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md deleted file mode 100644 index b50e90b8fb..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,280 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/qemu-ubuntu/" -[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu -====== - -If you need to run Linux virtual machines, Qemu is one of the fastest hypervisors out there, if not the fastest. - -Along with the speed, you also get excellent configuration options. Even if you are not an advanced user, it gives you enough room for tweaks. - -In this tutorial, I will walk you through: - -- Installing Qemu and KVM on Ubuntu -- Installing another distro on Qemu -- Enabling shared folder, auto-resize, and copy-paste in Qemu (optional but makes your VM experience smoother) - -So let's start with the installation. - -### Installing Qemu and KVM on Ubuntu - -> ✋ Before jumping to the installation, let's check whether your machine supports the virtualization or not.  - -To do so, use the following command: - -``` -LC_ALL=C lscpu | grep Virtualization -``` - -If you have an intel processor, it should bring the following output: - -![check where the computer supports hardware-based virtualization or not][1] - -And if you have an AMD processor, it should get you the following output: - -``` -Virtualization: AMD-V -``` - -Also, [make sure your system has multiple cores][2] so that you can allocate some to your VM and still have enough to power the host machine. - -And if you're not sure, use the following command and the **output should be more than zero:** - -``` -egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo -``` - -![Check total number of cores and threads of system in linux][3] - -Once you are all set, you can install Qemu and KVM on Ubuntu using the following command: - -``` -sudo apt install qemu qemu-kvm virt-manager bridge-utils -``` - -**Reboot your system** once the installation is over. - -#### Add user to appropriate groups - -To make Qemu work, you'd have to [add your user to two groups][4]: `libvirt-kvm` and `libvirt`. - -To do so, use the following commands one by one: - -``` -sudo useradd -g $USER libvirt -``` - -``` -sudo useradd -g $USER libvirt-kvm -``` - -Next, enable and start the `libvirt` service: - -``` -sudo systemctl enable libvirtd.service && sudo systemctl start libvirtd.service -``` - -That's it! The installation of Qemu is done. - -### Installing another Linux virtually with Qemu - -> 📋 Please download the ISO file of the Linux distro you want to install in Qemu VM. - -First, open the Virtual Machine Manager from the system menu: - -![Start Qemu from the system menu][5] - -Next, click on the File menu and choose the `New Virtual Machine` option: - -![Create new VM in Qemu][6] - -From here, choose the first option `Local install media` which will allow you to choose the ISO from your file manager: - -![Choose the local ISO file to create new VM in Qemu][7] - -Next, you will be asked to add the ISO file. Here, **click on the Browse button; it** will open a new prompt, and there, **click on the browse local.** - -It will open the file manager and from there, select the ISO file: - -![Import the ISO file in QEMU][8] - -**In most cases, the ISO file will be detected but if you find a situation where it does not detect it automatically, follow the given steps:** - -- Uncheck the Automatically detect from the source option -- Choose the `Generic Linux` option - -![Deal with ISO not detected in Qemu][9] - -Next, you will be asked to allocate memory and storage as per your needs. I would recommend going with a minimum of 2 cores, 4 GB of RAM, and 25 GB of storage for the desktop version: - -![Allocate RAM, cores and storage space to VM in Qemu][10] - -> 📋 Except for the disk space, system resources like CPU and RAM are only used when running the OS in VM. - -And finally, give the appropriate name to your VM; once done, click on the finish button: - -![Name your VM in Qemu][11] - -It will load the ISO, so you can start the installation from here. - -That's done. You may enjoy your VM but you'll even enjoy it better if you enable shared folder, clipboard sharing, etc. The following few sections show how to do that. - -### Enabling shared folders in Qemu (optional) - -In this section, I will show you how you can share the existing directory of the host machine with the VM. - -To do so, you'd have to perform the following: - -- Adding a shared filesystem through VM settings in Qemu -- Mounting the FS in the VM - -So first, open the Virtual Machine Manager from the system menu, select the VM, and click the `Open` button to manage the console: - -![open the settings for VM in Qemu][12] - -Now, click on the info button, select the `Memory` and enable the shared memory: - -![enable shared memory in Qemu][13] - -Next, click on the `Add Hardware` button, select the `Filesystem` option. - -Here, you'd have to do the following: - -- Add a path to the directory you want to share in the `Source path` section -- Add the name of the directory in the `Target path` section - -![create shared folder in qemu][14] - -Once done, click on the Finish button and start the VM. - -In VM, open the terminal and use the following syntax to mount the shared directory: - -``` -sudo mount -t virtiofs sharename path/to/shared/directory -``` - -In my case, it was the `Downloads` directory, so I will be using the following: - -``` -sudo mount -t virtiofs Downloads /home/sagar/Downloads -``` - -![mount shared folders in Qemu][15] - -That's it! - -**But that's a temporary solution.** - -To make it permanent, you'd have to make create an entry in `/etc/fstab` In the VM. - -To do so, first, open the `/etc/fstab` config file using the following: - -``` -sudo nano /etc/fstab -``` - -[Go to the end of the file in the nano text editor][16] using `Alt + /` and use the following syntax to create an entry: - -``` -sharename path/to/shared/directory virtiofs defaults 0 0 -``` - -Here's what my config looks like: - -![Make shared folders in Qemu permenent][17] - -Once done, [save changes and exit from the nano][18] text editor. - -Here I've shown how I created a new file in my host machine in the `Downloads` directory and the changes were reflected in my VM: - -![use shared folder in Qemu][19] - -So now you can use this shared folder to transfer files between the host and VM without any issues! - -### Enabling shared clipboard in Qemu (optional) - -To enable the shared clipboard, all you have to do is install the  `spice-vdagent` utility in the VM. - -So if your VM is Ubuntu/Debian based, you can use the following: - -``` -sudo apt install spice-vdagent -``` - -For Arch base: - -``` -sudo pacman -S spice-vdagent -``` - -For Fedora-based distros: - -``` -sudo yum install spice-vdagent -``` - -Once you are done with the installation, **reboot your VM**, and the clipboard should work as intended! - -### Enabling auto-resize in Qemu (optional) - -The auto-resize feature is nothing but when you resize the VM window, the VM display will adapt to the change in size immediately: - -![Auto resize in Qemu][20] - -To enable the auto-resize in Qemu, you will have to follow 2 simple steps: - -- Click on the `View` (from top menubar) -- Select the `Scale Display` option and choose the `Always` option - -![Enable auto-resize in Qemu][21] - -That's it from my side. - -### Want to use a plug-and-play version of Qemu? - -In this tutorial, I went through how you can manually install a VM in Qemu but what if I tell you that you can automate the whole process like allocating storage, RAM, etc? - -Yes, it gives the same efficiency but comes in handy when you want to create a new VM ASAP! The tool is called Quickgui and we have a dedicated tutorial for the installation: - -I hope you will find this guide helpful. And if you have any queries, feel free to ask in the comments. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/qemu-ubuntu/ - -作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/check-where-the-computer-supports-hardware-based-virtualization-or-not.png -[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/check-cpu-info-linux/?ref=itsfoss.com -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Check-total-number-of-cores-and-threads-of-system-in-linux.png -[4]: https://learnubuntu.com/add-user-group/?ref=itsfoss.com -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Start-Qemu-from-the-system-menu-1.png -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Create-new-VM-in-Qemu.png -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Choose-the-local-ISO-file-to-create-new-VM-in-Qemu.png -[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Import-the-ISO-file-in-QEMU.png -[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Deal-with-ISO-not-detected-in-Qemu.png -[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Allocate-RAM--cores-and-storage-space-to-VM-in-Qemu.png -[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Name-your-VM-in-Qemu.png -[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/open-the-settings-for-VM-in-Qemu.png -[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/enable-shared-memory-in-Qemu.png -[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/enable-shared-directory-in-Qemu.png -[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/use-shared-folders-in-Qemu.png -[16]: https://linuxhandbook.com/beginning-end-file-nano/?ref=itsfoss.com -[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Make-shared-folders-in-Qemu-permenent.png -[18]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/?ref=itsfoss.com -[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/use-shared-folder-in-Qemu.gif -[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Auto-resize-in-Qemu-1.gif -[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Auto-resize-in-Qemu-2.gif