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【sd886393认领翻译中】How to create shortcuts in vi
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Learning the [vi text editor][1] takes some effort, but experienced vi users know that after a while, using basic commands becomes second nature. It's a form of what is known as muscle memory, which in this case might well be called finger memory.
|
||||
|
||||
After you get a grasp of the main approach and basic commands, you can make editing with vi even more powerful and streamlined by using its customization options to create shortcuts. I hope that the techniques described below will facilitate your writing, programming, and data manipulation.
|
||||
|
||||
Before proceeding, I'd like to thank Chris Hermansen (who recruited me to write this article) for checking my draft with [Vim][2], as I use another version of vi. I'm also grateful for Chris's helpful suggestions, which I incorporated here.
|
||||
|
||||
First, let's review some conventions. I'll use <RET> to designate pressing the RETURN or ENTER key, and <SP> for the space bar. CTRL-x indicates simultaneously pressing the Control key and the x key (whatever x happens to be).
|
||||
|
||||
Set up your own command abbreviations with the `map` command. My first example involves the `write` command, used to save the current state of the file you're working on:
|
||||
```
|
||||
:w<RET>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This is only three keystrokes, but since I do it so frequently, I'd rather use only one. The key I've chosen for this purpose is the comma, which is not part of the standard vi command set. The command to set this up is:
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map , :wCTRL-v<RET>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The CTRL-v is essential since without it the <RET> would signal the end of the map, and we want to include the <RET> as part of the mapped comma. In general, CTRL-v is used to enter the keystroke (or control character) that follows rather than being interpreted literally.
|
||||
|
||||
In the above map, the part on the right will display on the screen as `:w^M`. The caret (`^`) indicates a control character, in this case CTRL-m, which is the system's form of <RET>.
|
||||
|
||||
So far so good—sort of. If I write my current file about a dozen times while creating and/or editing it, this map could result in a savings of 2 x 12 keystrokes. But that doesn't account for the keystrokes needed to set up the map, which in the above example is 11 (counting CTRL-v and the shifted character `:` as one stroke each). Even with a net savings, it would be a bother to set up the map each time you start a vi session.
|
||||
|
||||
Fortunately, there's a way to put maps and other abbreviations in a startup file that vi reads each time it is invoked: the `.exrc` file, or in Vim, the `.vimrc` file. Simply create this file in your home directory with a list of maps, one per line—without the colon—and the abbreviation is defined for all subsequent vi sessions until you delete or change it.
|
||||
|
||||
Before going on to a variation of the `map` command and another type of abbreviation method, here are a few more examples of maps that I've found useful for streamlining my text editing:
|
||||
```
|
||||
Displays as
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
:map X :xCTRL-v<RET> :x^M
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
:map X ,:qCTRL-v<RET> ,:q^M
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The above equivalent maps write and quit (exit) the file. The `:x` is the standard vi command for this, and the second version illustrates that a previously defined map may be used in a subsequent map.
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map v :e<SP> :e
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The above starts the command to move to another file while remaining within vi; when using this, just follow the "v" with a filename, followed by <RET>.
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map CTRL-vCTRL-e :e<SP>#CTRL-v<RET> :e #^M
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The `#` here is the standard vi symbol for "the alternate file," which means the filename last used, so this shortcut is handy for switching back and forth between two files. Here's an example of how I use this:
|
||||
```
|
||||
map CTRL-vCTRL-r :!spell %>err &CTRL-v<RET> :!spell %>err&^M
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
(Note: The first CTRL-v in both examples above is not needed in some versions of vi.) The `:!` is a way to run an external (non-vi) command. In this case (`spell`), `%` is the vi symbol denoting the current file, the `>` redirects the output of the spell-check to a file called `err`, and the `&` says to run this in the background so I can continue editing while `spell` completes its task. I can then type `verr<RET>` (using my previous shortcut, `v`, followed by `err`) to go the file of potential errors flagged by the `spell` command, then back to the file I'm working on with CTRL-e. After running the spell-check the first time, I can use CTRL-r repeatedly and return to the `err` file with just CTRL-e.
|
||||
|
||||
A variation of the `map` command may be used to abbreviate text strings while inputting. For example,
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map! CTRL-o \fI
|
||||
|
||||
:map! CTRL-k \fP
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This will allow you to use CTRL-o as a shortcut for entering the `groff` command to italicize the word that follows, and this will allow you to use CTRL-k for the `groff` command reverts to the previous font.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are two other examples of this technique:
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map! rh rhinoceros
|
||||
|
||||
:map! hi hippopotamus
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The above may instead be accomplished using the `ab` command, as follows (if you're trying these out in order, first use `unmap! rh` and `umap! hi`):
|
||||
```
|
||||
:ab rh rhinoceros
|
||||
|
||||
:ab hi hippopotamus
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In the `map!` method above, the abbreviation immediately expands to the defined word when typed (in Vim), whereas with the `ab` method, the expansion occurs when the abbreviation is followed by a space or punctuation mark (in both Vim and my version of vi, where the expansion also works like this for the `map!` method).
|
||||
|
||||
To reverse any `map`, `map!`, or `ab` within a vi session, use `:unmap`, `:unmap!`, or `:unab`.
|
||||
|
||||
In my version of vi, undefined letters that are good candidates for mapping include g, K, q, v, V, and Z; undefined control characters are CTRL-a, CTRL-c, CTRL-k, CTRL-n, CTRL-o, CTRL-p, and CTRL-x; some other undefined characters are `#` and `*`. You can also redefine characters that have meaning in vi but that you consider obscure and of little use; for example, the X that I chose for two examples in this article is a built-in vi command to delete the character to the immediate left of the current character (easily accomplished by the two-key command `hx`).
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the commands
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map<RET>
|
||||
|
||||
:map!<RET>
|
||||
|
||||
:ab
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
will show all the currently defined mappings and abbreviations.
|
||||
|
||||
I hope that all of these tips will help you customize vi and make it easier and more efficient to use.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/shortcuts-vi-text-editor
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Sonnenschein][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/dannyman
|
||||
[1]:http://ex-vi.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:https://www.vim.org/
|
||||
@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
|
||||
translating---geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
Add YouTube Player Controls To Your Linux Desktop With browser-mpris2 (Chrome Extension)
|
||||
======
|
||||
A Unity feature that I miss (it only actually worked for a short while though) is automatically getting player controls in the Ubuntu Sound Indicator when visiting a website like YouTube in a web browser, so you could pause or stop the video directly from the top bar, as well as see the video / song information and a preview.
|
||||
|
||||
This Unity feature is long dead, but I was searching for something similar for Gnome Shell and I came across **[browser-mpris2][1], an extension that implements a MPRIS v2 interface for Google Chrome / Chromium, which currently only supports YouTube** , and I thought there might be some Linux Uprising readers who'll like this.
|
||||
|
||||
**The extension also works with Chromium-based web browsers like Opera and Vivaldi.**
|
||||
**
|
||||
** **browser-mpris2 also supports Firefox but since loading extensions via about:debugging is temporary, and this is needed for browser-mpris2, this article doesn't include Firefox instructions. The developer[intends][2] to submit the extension to the Firefox addons website in the future.**
|
||||
|
||||
**Using this Chrome extension you get YouTube media player controls (play, pause, stop and seeking) in MPRIS2-capable applets**. For example, if you use Gnome Shell, you get YouTube media player controls as a permanent notification or, you can use an extension like Media Player Indicator for this. In Cinnamon / Linux Mint with Cinnamon, it shows up in the Sound Applet.
|
||||
|
||||
**It didn't work for me on Unity** , I'm not sure why. I didn't try this extension with other MPRIS2-capable applets available in various desktop environments (KDE, Xfce, MATE, etc.). If you give it a try, let us know if it works with your desktop environment / MPRIS2 enabled applet.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a screenshot with [Media Player Indicator][3] displaying information about the currently playing YouTube video, along with its controls (play/pause, stop and seeking), on Ubuntu 18.04 with Gnome Shell and Chromium browser:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
And in Linux Mint 19 Cinnamon with its default sound applet and Chromium browser:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### How to install browser-mpris2 for Google Chrome / Chromium
|
||||
|
||||
**1\. Install Git if you haven't already.**
|
||||
|
||||
In Debian / Ubuntu / Linux Mint, use this command to install git:
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install git
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**2\. Download and install the[browser-mpris2][1] required files.**
|
||||
|
||||
The commands below clone the browser-mpris2 Git repository and install the chrome-mpris2 file to `/usr/local/bin/` (run the "git clone..." command in a folder where you can continue to keep the browser-mpris2 folder because you can't remove it, as it will be used by Chrome / Chromium):
|
||||
```
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/otommod/browser-mpris2
|
||||
sudo install browser-mpris2/native/chrome-mpris2 /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**3\. Load the extension in Chrome / Chromium-based web browsers.**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Open Google Chrome, Chromium, Opera or Vivaldi web browsers, go to the Extensions page (enter `chrome://extensions` in the URL bar), enable `Developer mode` using the toggle available in the top right-hand side of the screen, then select `Load Unpacked` and select the chrome-mpris2 directory (make sure to not select a subfolder).
|
||||
|
||||
Copy the extension ID and save it because you'll need it later (it's something like: `emngjajgcmeiligomkgpngljimglhhii` but it's different for you so make sure to use the ID from your computer!) .
|
||||
|
||||
**4\. Run** `install-chrome.py` (from the `browser-mpris2/native` folder), specifying the extension id and chrome-mpris2 path.
|
||||
|
||||
Use this command in a terminal (replace `REPLACE-THIS-WITH-EXTENSION-ID` with the browser-mpris2 extension ID displayed under `chrome://extensions` from the previous step) to install this extension:
|
||||
```
|
||||
browser-mpris2/native/install-chrome.py REPLACE-THIS-WITH-EXTENSION-ID /usr/local/bin/chrome-mpris2
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You only need to run this command once, there's no need to add it to startup or anything like that. Any YouTube video you play in Google Chrome or Chromium browsers should show up in whatever MPRISv2 applet you're using. There's no need to restart the web browser.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linuxuprising.com/2018/08/add-youtube-player-controls-to-your.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Logix][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/118280394805678839070
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/otommod/browser-mpris2
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/otommod/browser-mpris2/issues/11
|
||||
[3]:https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/55/media-player-indicator/
|
||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
translating---geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
10 handy Bash aliases for Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
Get more efficient by using condensed versions of long Bash commands.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
|
||||
Quiet log noise with Python and machine learning
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Logreduce saves debugging time by picking out anomalies from mountains of log data.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Continuous integration (CI) jobs can generate massive volumes of data. When a job fails, figuring out what went wrong can be a tedious process that involves investigating logs to discover the root cause—which is often found in a fraction of the total job output. To make it easier to separate the most relevant data from the rest, the [Logreduce][1] machine learning model is trained using previous successful job runs to extract anomalies from failed runs' logs.
|
||||
|
||||
This principle can also be applied to other use cases, for example, extracting anomalies from [Journald][2] or other systemwide regular log files.
|
||||
|
||||
### Using machine learning to reduce noise
|
||||
|
||||
A typical log file contains many nominal events ("baselines") along with a few exceptions that are relevant to the developer. Baselines may contain random elements such as timestamps or unique identifiers that are difficult to detect and remove. To remove the baseline events, we can use a [k-nearest neighbors pattern recognition algorithm][3] (k-NN).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Log events must be converted to numeric values for k-NN regression. Using the generic feature extraction tool [HashingVectorizer][4] enables the process to be applied to any type of log. It hashes each word and encodes each event in a sparse matrix. To further reduce the search space, tokenization removes known random words, such as dates or IP addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Once the model is trained, the k-NN search tells us the distance of each new event from the baseline.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This [Jupyter notebook][5] demonstrates the process and graphs the sparse matrix vectors.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Introducing Logreduce
|
||||
|
||||
The Logreduce Python software transparently implements this process. Logreduce's initial goal was to assist with [Zuul CI][6] job failure analyses using the build database, and it is now integrated into the [Software Factory][7] development forge's job logs process.
|
||||
|
||||
At its simplest, Logreduce compares files or directories and removes lines that are similar. Logreduce builds a model for each source file and outputs any of the target's lines whose distances are above a defined threshold by using the following syntax: **distance | filename:line-number: line-content**.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ logreduce diff /var/log/audit/audit.log.1 /var/log/audit/audit.log
|
||||
INFO logreduce.Classifier - Training took 21.982s at 0.364MB/s (1.314kl/s) (8.000 MB - 28.884 kilo-lines)
|
||||
0.244 | audit.log:19963: type=USER_AUTH acct="root" exe="/usr/bin/su" hostname=managesf.sftests.com
|
||||
INFO logreduce.Classifier - Testing took 18.297s at 0.306MB/s (1.094kl/s) (5.607 MB - 20.015 kilo-lines)
|
||||
99.99% reduction (from 20015 lines to 1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
A more advanced Logreduce use can train a model offline to be reused. Many variants of the baselines can be used to fit the k-NN search tree.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ logreduce dir-train audit.clf /var/log/audit/audit.log.*
|
||||
INFO logreduce.Classifier - Training took 80.883s at 0.396MB/s (1.397kl/s) (32.001 MB - 112.977 kilo-lines)
|
||||
DEBUG logreduce.Classifier - audit.clf: written
|
||||
$ logreduce dir-run audit.clf /var/log/audit/audit.log
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Logreduce also implements interfaces to discover baselines for Journald time ranges (days/weeks/months) and Zuul CI job build histories. It can also generate HTML reports that group anomalies found in multiple files in a simple interface.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Managing baselines
|
||||
|
||||
The key to using k-NN regression for anomaly detection is to have a database of known good baselines, which the model uses to detect lines that deviate too far. This method relies on the baselines containing all nominal events, as anything that isn't found in the baseline will be reported as anomalous.
|
||||
|
||||
CI jobs are great targets for k-NN regression because the job outputs are often deterministic and previous runs can be automatically used as baselines. Logreduce features Zuul job roles that can be used as part of a failed job post task in order to issue a concise report (instead of the full job's logs). This principle can be applied to other cases, as long as baselines can be constructed in advance. For example, a nominal system's [SoS report][8] can be used to find issues in a defective deployment.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Anomaly classification service
|
||||
|
||||
The next version of Logreduce introduces a server mode to offload log processing to an external service where reports can be further analyzed. It also supports importing existing reports and requests to analyze a Zuul build. The services run analyses asynchronously and feature a web interface to adjust scores and remove false positives.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reviewed reports can be archived as a standalone dataset with the target log files and the scores for anomalous lines recorded in a flat JSON file.
|
||||
|
||||
### Project roadmap
|
||||
|
||||
Logreduce is already being used effectively, but there are many opportunities for improving the tool. Plans for the future include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Curating many annotated anomalies found in log files and producing a public domain dataset to enable further research. Anomaly detection in log files is a challenging topic, and having a common dataset to test new models would help identify new solutions.
|
||||
* Reusing the annotated anomalies with the model to refine the distances reported. For example, when users mark lines as false positives by setting their distance to zero, the model could reduce the score of those lines in future reports.
|
||||
* Fingerprinting archived anomalies to detect when a new report contains an already known anomaly. Thus, instead of reporting the anomaly's content, the service could notify the user that the job hit a known issue. When the issue is fixed, the service could automatically restart the job.
|
||||
* Supporting more baseline discovery interfaces for targets such as SOS reports, Jenkins builds, Travis CI, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in getting involved in this project, please contact us on the **#log-classify** Freenode IRC channel. Feedback is always appreciated!
|
||||
|
||||
Tristan Cacqueray will present [Reduce your log noise using machine learning][9] at the [OpenStack Summit][10], November 13-15 in Berlin.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/quiet-log-noise-python-and-machine-learning
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Tristan de Cacqueray][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/tristanc
|
||||
[1]: https://pypi.org/project/logreduce/
|
||||
[2]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/systemd-journald.service.8.html
|
||||
[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
|
||||
[4]: http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.feature_extraction.text.HashingVectorizer.html
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/TristanCacqueray/anomaly-detection-workshop-opendev/blob/master/datasets/notebook/anomaly-detection-with-scikit-learn.ipynb
|
||||
[6]: https://zuul-ci.org
|
||||
[7]: https://www.softwarefactory-project.io
|
||||
[8]: https://sos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.openstack.org/summit/berlin-2018/summit-schedule/speakers/4307
|
||||
[10]: https://www.openstack.org/summit/berlin-2018/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
认领：by sd886393
|
||||
What containers can teach us about DevOps
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
138
sources/tech/20180929 Use Cozy to Play Audiobooks in Linux.md
Normal file
138
sources/tech/20180929 Use Cozy to Play Audiobooks in Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
|
||||
Use Cozy to Play Audiobooks in Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
**We review Cozy, an audiobook player for Linux. Read to find out if it’s worth to install Cozy on your Linux system or not.**
|
||||
|
||||
![Audiobook player for Linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Audiobooks are a great way to consume literature. Many people who don’t have time to read, choose to listen. Most people, myself included, just use a regular media player like VLC or [MPV][2] for listening to audiobooks on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Today, we will look at a Linux application built solely for listening to audiobooks.
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]Cozy Audiobook Player
|
||||
|
||||
### Cozy Audiobook Player for Linux
|
||||
|
||||
The [Cozy Audiobook Player][4] is created by [Julian Geywitz][5] from Germany. It is built using both Python and GTK+ 3. According to the site, Julian wrote Cozy on Fedora and optimized it for [elementary OS][6].
|
||||
|
||||
The player borrows its layout from iTunes. The player controls are placed along the top of the application The library takes up the rest. You can sort all of your audiobooks based on the title, author and reader, and search very quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]Initial setup
|
||||
|
||||
When you first launch [Cozy][8], you are given the option to choose where you will store your audiobook files. Cozy will keep an eye on that folder and update your library as you add new audiobooks. You can also set it up to use an external or network drive.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Features of Cozy
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a full list of the features that [Cozy][9] has to offer.
|
||||
|
||||
* Import all your audiobooks into Cozy to browse them comfortably
|
||||
* Sort your audiobooks by author, reader & title
|
||||
* Remembers your playback position
|
||||
* Sleep timer
|
||||
* Playback speed control
|
||||
* Search your audiobook library
|
||||
* Add multiple storage locations
|
||||
* Drag & Drop to import new audio books
|
||||
* Support for DRM free mp3, m4a (aac, ALAC, …), flac, ogg, wav files
|
||||
* Mpris integration (Media keys & playback info for the desktop environment)
|
||||
* Developed on Fedora and tested under elementaryOS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Experiencing Cozy
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]Audiobook library
|
||||
|
||||
At first, I was excited to try our Cozy because I like to listen to audiobooks. However, I ran into a couple of issues. There is no way to edit the information of an audiobook. For example, I downloaded a couple audiobooks from [LibriVox][11] to test it. All three audiobooks were listed under “Unknown” for the reader. There was nothing to edit or change the audiobook info. I guess you could edit all of the files, but that would take quite a bit of time.
|
||||
|
||||
When I listen to an audiobook, I like to know what track is currently playing. Cozy only has a single progress bar for the whole audiobook. I know that Cozy is designed to remember where you left off in an audiobook, but if I was going to continue to listen to the audiobook on my phone, I would like to know what track I am on.
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]Settings
|
||||
|
||||
There was also an option in the setting menu to turn on a dark theme. As you can see in the screenshots, the application has a black theme, to begin with. I turned the option on, but nothing happened. There isn’t even an option to add a theme or change any of the colors. Overall, the application had a feeling of not being finished.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installing Cozy on Linux
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to install Cozy, you have several options for different distros.
|
||||
|
||||
##### Ubuntu, Debian, openSUSE, Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
Julian used the [openSUSE Build Service][13] to create custom repos for Ubuntu, Debian, openSUSE and Fedora. Each one only takes a couple terminal commands to install.
|
||||
|
||||
##### Install Cozy using Flatpak on any Linux distribution (including Ubuntu)
|
||||
|
||||
If your [distro supports Flatpak][14], you can install Cozy using the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak remote-add --user --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
|
||||
flatpak install --user flathub com.github.geigi.cozy
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Install Cozy on elementary OS
|
||||
|
||||
If you have elementary OS installed, you can install Cozy from the [built-in App Store][15].
|
||||
|
||||
##### Install Cozy on Arch Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Cozy is available in the [Arch User Repository][16]. All you have to do is search for `cozy-audiobooks`.
|
||||
|
||||
### Where to find free Audiobooks?
|
||||
|
||||
In order to try out this application, you will need to find some audiobooks to listen to. My favorite site for audiobooks is [LibriVox][11]. Since [LibriVox][17] depends on volunteers to record audiobooks, the quality can vary. However, there are a number of very talented readers.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a list of free audiobook sources:
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Open Culture][20]
|
||||
+ [Project Gutenberg][21]
|
||||
+ [Digitalbook.io][22]
|
||||
+ [FreeClassicAudioBooks.com][23]
|
||||
+ [MindWebs][24]
|
||||
+ [Scribl][25]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Final Thoughts on Cozy
|
||||
|
||||
For now, I think I’ll stick with my preferred audiobook software (VLC) for now. Cozy just doesn’t add anything. I won’t call it a [must-have application for Linux][18] just yet. There is no compelling reason for me to switch. Maybe, I’ll revisit it again in the future, maybe when it hits 1.0.
|
||||
|
||||
Take Cozy for a spin. You might come to a different conclusion.
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever used Cozy? If not, what is your favorite audiobook player? What is your favorite source for free audiobooks? Let us know in the comments below.
|
||||
|
||||
If you found this article interesting, please take a minute to share it on social media, Hacker News or [Reddit][19].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/cozy-audiobook-player/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[John Paul][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/john/
|
||||
[1]: https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/audiobook-player-linux.png
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/mpv-video-player/
|
||||
[3]: https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cozy3.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://cozy.geigi.de/
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/geigi
|
||||
[6]: https://elementary.io/
|
||||
[7]: https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cozy1.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/geigi/cozy
|
||||
[9]: https://www.patreon.com/geigi
|
||||
[10]: https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cozy2.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://librivox.org/
|
||||
[12]: https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cozy4.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://software.opensuse.org//download.html?project=home%3Ageigi&package=com.github.geigi.cozy
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
|
||||
[15]: https://elementary.io/store/
|
||||
[16]: https://aur.archlinux.org/
|
||||
[17]: https://archive.org/details/librivoxaudio
|
||||
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/essential-linux-applications/
|
||||
[19]: http://reddit.com/r/linuxusersgroup
|
||||
[20]: http://www.openculture.com/freeaudiobooks
|
||||
[21]: http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/categories/1
|
||||
[22]: https://www.digitalbook.io/
|
||||
[23]: http://freeclassicaudiobooks.com/
|
||||
[24]: https://archive.org/details/MindWebs_201410
|
||||
[25]: https://scribl.com/
|
||||
134
translated/tech/20180531 How to create shortcuts in vi.md
Normal file
134
translated/tech/20180531 How to create shortcuts in vi.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
|
||||
如何在 vi 中创建快捷键
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
学习使用 [vi 文本编辑器][1] 确实得花点功夫，不过 vi 的老手们都知道，经过一小会的锻炼，就可以将基本的 vi 操作融汇贯通。我们都知道“肌肉记忆”，那么学习 vi 的过程可以称之为“手指记忆”。
|
||||
|
||||
当你抓住了基础的操作窍门之后，你就可以定制化地配置 vi 的快捷键，从而让其处理的功能更为强大、流畅。
|
||||
|
||||
在开始之前，我想先感谢下 Chris Hermansen（他雇佣我写了这篇文章）仔细地检查了我的另一篇关于使用 vi 增强版本[Vim][2]的文章。当然还有他那些我未采纳的建议。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，我们来说明下面几个惯例设定。我会使用符号<RET>来代表按下 RETURN 或者 ENTER 键，<SP> 代表按下空格键，CTRL-x 表示一起按下 Control 键和 x 键
|
||||
|
||||
使用 `map` 命令来进行按键的映射。第一个例子是 `write` 命令，通常你之前保存使用这样的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
:w<RET>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
虽然这里只有三个键，不过考虑到我用这个命令实在是太频繁了，我更想“一键”搞定它。在这里我选择逗号键，比如这样：
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map , :wCTRL-v<RET>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这里的 CTRL-v 事实上是对 <RET> 做了转义的操作，如果不加这个的话，默认 <RET> 会作为这条映射指令的结束信号，而非映射中的一个操作。 CTRL-v 后面所跟的操作会翻译为用户的实际操作，而非该按键平常的操作。
|
||||
|
||||
在上面的映射中，右边的部分会在屏幕中显示为 `:w^M`，其中 `^` 字符就是指代 `control`，完整的意思就是 CTRL-m，表示就是系统中一行的结尾
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
目前来说，就很不错了。如果我编辑、创建了十二次文件，这个键位映射就可以省掉了 2*12 次按键。不过这里没有计算你建立这个键位映射所花费的 11次按键（计算CTRL-v 和 冒号均为一次按键）。虽然这样已经省了很多次，但是每次打开 vi 都要重新建立这个映射也会觉得非常麻烦。
|
||||
|
||||
幸运的是，这里可以将这些键位映射放到 vi 的启动配置文件中，让其在每次启动的时候自动读取：文件为 `.exrc`，对于 vim 是 `.vimrc`。只需要将这些文件放在你的用户根目录中即可，并在文件中每行写入一个键位映射，之后就会在每次启动 vi 生效直到你删除对应的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
在继续说明 `map` 其他用法以及其他的缩写机制之前，这里在列举几个我常用提高文本处理效率的 map 设置：
|
||||
```
|
||||
Displays as
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
:map X :xCTRL-v<RET> :x^M
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
:map X ,:qCTRL-v<RET> ,:q^M
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上面的 map 指令的意思是写入并关闭当前的编辑文件。其中 `:x` 是 vi 原本的命令，而下面的版本说明之前的 map 配置可以继续用作第二个 map 键位映射。
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map v :e<SP> :e
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上面的指令意思是在 vi 编辑器内部 切换文件，使用这个时候，只需要按 `v` 并跟着输入文件名,之后按 `<RET>` 键。
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map CTRL-vCTRL-e :e<SP>#CTRL-v<RET> :e #^M
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`#` 在这里是 vi 中标准的符号，意思是最后使用的文件名。所以切换当前与上一个文件的方法就使用上面的映射。
|
||||
```
|
||||
map CTRL-vCTRL-r :!spell %>err &CTRL-v<RET> :!spell %>err&^M
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
（注意：在两个例子中出现的第一个 CRTL-v 在某些 vi 的版本中是不需要的）其中，`:!` 用来运行一个外部的（非 vi 内部的）命令。在这个拼写检查的例子中，`%` 是 vi 中的符号用来只带目前的文件， `>` 用来重定向拼写检查中的输出到 `err` 文件中，之后跟上 `&` 说明该命令是一个后台运行的任务，这样可以保证在拼写检查的同时还可以进行编辑文件的工作。这里我可以键入 `verr<RET>`（使用我之前定义的快捷键 `v` 跟上 `err`），进入 `spell` 输出结果的文件，之后再输入 `CTRL-e` 来回到刚才编辑的文件中。这样我就可以在拼写检查之后，使用 CTRL-r 来查看检查的错误，再通过 CTRL-e 返回刚才编辑的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
还用很多字符串输入的缩写，也使用了各种 map 命令，比如：
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map! CTRL-o \fI
|
||||
|
||||
:map! CTRL-k \fP
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这个映射允许你使用 CTRL-o 作为 `groff` 命令的缩写，从而让让接下来书写的单词有斜体的效果，并使用 CTRL-k 进行恢复
|
||||
|
||||
还有两个类似的映射：
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map! rh rhinoceros
|
||||
|
||||
:map! hi hippopotamus
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上面的也可以使用 `ab` 命令来替换，就像下面这样（如果想这么用的话，需要首先按顺序运行 1. `unmap! rh` 2. `umap! hi`）:
|
||||
```
|
||||
:ab rh rhinoceros
|
||||
|
||||
:ab hi hippopotamus
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在上面 `map!` 的命令中，缩写会马上的展开成原有的单词，而在 `ab` 命令中，单词展开的操作会在输入了空格和标点之后才展开（不过在Vim 和 本机使用的 vi中，展开的形式与 `map!` 类似）
|
||||
|
||||
想要取消刚才设定的按键映射，可以对应的输入 `:unmap`, `unmap!`, `:unab`
|
||||
|
||||
在我使用的 vi 版本中，比较好用的候选映射按键包括 `g, K, q, v, V, Z`，控制字符包括：`CTRL-a, CTRL-c, CTRL-k, CTRL-n, CTRL-p, CTRL-x`；还有一些其他的字符如`#, *`，当然你也可以使用那些已经在 vi 中有过定义但不经常使用的字符，比如本文选择`X`和`I`，其中`X`表示删除左边的字符，并立刻左移当前字符。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，下面的命令
|
||||
```
|
||||
:map<RET>
|
||||
|
||||
:map!<RET>
|
||||
|
||||
:ab
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
将会显示，目前所有的缩写和键位映射。
|
||||
will show all the currently defined mappings and abbreviations.
|
||||
|
||||
希望上面的技巧能够更好地更高效地帮助你使用 vi。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/shortcuts-vi-text-editor
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Sonnenschein][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/sd886393)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/dannyman
|
||||
[1]:http://ex-vi.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:https://www.vim.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
|
||||
使用 browser-mpris2（Chrome 扩展）将 YouTube 播放器控件添加到 Linux 桌面
|
||||
======
|
||||
一个我怀念的 Unity 功能（虽然只使用了一小段时间）是在 Web 浏览器中访问 YouTube 等网站时自动获取 Ubuntu 声音指示器中的播放器控件，因此你可以直接从顶部栏暂停或停止视频，以及浏览视频/歌曲信息和预览。
|
||||
|
||||
这个 Unity 功能已经消失很久了，但我正在为 Gnome Shell 寻找类似的东西，然后我遇到了 **[browser-mpris2][1]，这是一个为 Google Chrome/Chromium 实现 MPRIS v2 接口的扩展，目前只支持 YouTube**，我想可能会有一些 Linux Uprising 的读者会喜欢这个。
|
||||
|
||||
**该扩展还适用于 Opera 和 Vivaldi 等基于 Chromium 的 Web 浏览器。**
|
||||
**
|
||||
** **browser-mpris2 也支持 Firefox，但因为通过 about:debugging 加载扩展是临时的，而这是 browser-mpris2 所需要的，因此本文不包括 Firefox 的指导。开发人员[打算][2]将来将扩展提交到 Firefox 插件网站上。**
|
||||
|
||||
**使用此 Chrome 扩展，你可以在支持 MPRIS2 的 applets 中获得 YouTube 媒体播放器控件（播放、暂停、停止和查找
|
||||
）**。例如，如果你使用 Gnome Shell，你可将 YouTube 媒体播放器控件作为永久通知，或者你可以使用 Media Player Indicator 之类的扩展来实现此目的。在 Cinnamon /Linux Mint with Cinnamon 中，它出现在声音 Applet 中。
|
||||
|
||||
**我无法在 Unity 上用它**，我不知道为什么。我没有在不同桌面环境（KDE、Xfce、MATE 等）中使用其他支持 MPRIS2 的 applet 尝试此扩展。如果你尝试过，请告诉我们它是否适用于你的桌面环境/支持 MPRIS2 的 applet。
|
||||
|
||||
以下是在使用 Gnome Shell 的 Ubuntu 18.04 并装有 Chromium 浏览器的[媒体播放器指示器][3]的截图，其中显示了有关当前正在播放的 YouTube 视频的信息及其控件（播放/暂停，停止和查找）：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux Mint 19 Cinnamon 中使用其默认声音 applet 和 Chromium 浏览器的截图：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何为 Google Chrom/Chromium安装 browser-mpris2
|
||||
|
||||
**1\. 如果你还没有安装 Git 就安装它**
|
||||
|
||||
在 Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint 中，使用此命令安装 git：
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install git
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**2\. 下载并安装 [browser-mpris2][1] 所需文件。**
|
||||
|
||||
下面的命令克隆了 browser-mpris2 的 Git 仓库并将 chrome-mpris2 安装到 `/usr/local/bin/`（在一个你可以保存 browser-mpris2 文件夹的地方运行 “git clone ...” 命令，由于它会被 Chrome/Chromium 使用，你不能删除它）：
|
||||
```
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/otommod/browser-mpris2
|
||||
sudo install browser-mpris2/native/chrome-mpris2 /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**3\. 在基于 Chrome/Chromium 的 Web 浏览器中加载此扩展。**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
打开 Google Chrome、Chromium、Opera 或 Vivaldi 浏览器，进入 Extensions 页面（在 URL 栏中输入 `chrome://extensions`），在屏幕右上角切换到`开发者模式`。然后选择 `Load Unpacked` 并选择 chrome-mpris2 目录（确保没有选择子文件夹）。
|
||||
|
||||
复制扩展 ID 并保存它，因为你以后需要它（它类似于这样：`emngjajgcmeiligomkgpngljimglhhii`，但它会与你的不一样，因此确保使用你计算机中的 ID！）。
|
||||
|
||||
**4\. 运行 **`install-chrome.py`**（在 `browser-mpris2/native` 文件夹中），指定扩展 id 和 chrome-mpris2 路径。
|
||||
|
||||
在终端中使用此命令（将 `REPLACE-THIS-WITH-EXTENSION-ID` 替换为上一步中 `chrome://extensions` 下显示的 browser-mpris2 扩展 ID）安装此扩展：
|
||||
```
|
||||
browser-mpris2/native/install-chrome.py REPLACE-THIS-WITH-EXTENSION-ID /usr/local/bin/chrome-mpris2
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你只需要运行此命令一次，无需将其添加到启动或其他类似的地方。你在 Google Chrome 或 Chromium 浏览器中播放的任何 YouTube 视频都应显示在你正在使用的任何 MPRISv2 applet 中。你无需重启 Web 浏览器。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linuxuprising.com/2018/08/add-youtube-player-controls-to-your.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Logix][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/118280394805678839070
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/otommod/browser-mpris2
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/otommod/browser-mpris2/issues/11
|
||||
[3]:https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/55/media-player-indicator/
|
||||
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