mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-02-25 00:50:15 +08:00
[translating]20151130 Useful Linux and Unix Tape Managements Commands For Sysadmins
This commit is contained in:
alim0x
parent
29e2a62670
commit
ec97b60533
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
alim0x translating
|
||||
|
||||
15 Useful Linux and Unix Tape Managements Commands For Sysadmins
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Tape devices should be used on a regular basis only for archiving files or for transferring data from one server to another. Usually, tape devices are all hooked up to Unix boxes, and controlled with mt or mtx. You must backup all data to both disks (may be in cloud) and tape device. In this tutorial you will learn about:
|
||||
@ -62,24 +64,24 @@ Type the following commands:
|
||||
## Linux (read man pages for more info) ##
|
||||
lsscsi
|
||||
lsscsi -g
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## IBM AIX ##
|
||||
lsdev -Cc tape
|
||||
lsdev -Cc adsm
|
||||
lscfg -vl rmt*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Solaris Unix ##
|
||||
cfgadm –a
|
||||
cfgadm -al
|
||||
luxadm probe
|
||||
iostat -En
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## HP-UX Unix ##
|
||||
ioscan Cf
|
||||
ioscan -funC tape
|
||||
ioscan -fnC tape
|
||||
ioscan -kfC tape
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Sample outputs from my Linux server:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -105,26 +107,26 @@ You can set TAPE shell variable. This is the pathname of the tape drive. The def
|
||||
|
||||
### 1: Display status of the tape/drive ###
|
||||
|
||||
mt status #Use default
|
||||
mt status #Use default
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/0 status #Unix
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 status #Linux
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 status #Linux
|
||||
mt -f /dev/nsa0 status #FreeBSD
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/1 status #Unix unity 1 i.e. tape device no. 1
|
||||
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/1 status #Unix unity 1 i.e. tape device no. 1
|
||||
|
||||
You can use shell loop as follows to poll a system and locate all of its tape drives:
|
||||
|
||||
for d in 0 1 2 3 4 5
|
||||
do
|
||||
mt -f "/dev/rmt/${d}" status
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 2: Rewinds the tape ###
|
||||
|
||||
mt rew
|
||||
mt rewind
|
||||
mt -f /dev/mt/0 rewind
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 3: Eject the tape ###
|
||||
|
||||
mt off
|
||||
@ -132,27 +134,27 @@ You can use shell loop as follows to poll a system and locate all of its tape dr
|
||||
mt eject
|
||||
mt -f /dev/mt/0 off
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 eject
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4: Erase the tape (rewind the tape and, if applicable, unload the tape) ###
|
||||
|
||||
mt erase
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 erase #Linux
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/0 erase #Unix
|
||||
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 erase #Linux
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/0 erase #Unix
|
||||
|
||||
### 5: Retensioning a magnetic tape cartridge ###
|
||||
|
||||
If errors occur when a tape is being read, you can retension the tape, clean the tape drive, and then try again as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
mt retension
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/1 retension #Unix
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 retension #Linux
|
||||
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 retension #Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 6: Writes n EOF marks in the current position of tape ###
|
||||
|
||||
mt eof
|
||||
mt weof
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 eof
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 7: Forward space count files i.e. jumps n EOF marks ###
|
||||
|
||||
The tape is positioned on the first block of the next file i.e. tape will position on first block of the field (see fig.01):
|
||||
@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ The tape is positioned on the first block of the next file i.e. tape will positi
|
||||
mt fsf
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/0 fsf
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/1 fsf 1 #go 1 forward file/tape (see fig.01)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 8: Backward space count files i.e. rewinds n EOF marks ###
|
||||
|
||||
The tape is positioned on the first block of the next file i.e. tape positions after EOF mark (see fig.01):
|
||||
@ -168,27 +170,27 @@ The tape is positioned on the first block of the next file i.e. tape positions a
|
||||
mt bsf
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/1 bsf
|
||||
mt -f /dev/rmt/1 bsf 1 #go 1 backward file/tape (see fig.01)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a list of the tape position commands:
|
||||
|
||||
fsf Forward space count files. The tape is positioned on the first block of the next file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
fsfm Forward space count files. The tape is positioned on the last block of the previous file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
bsf Backward space count files. The tape is positioned on the last block of the previous file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
bsfm Backward space count files. The tape is positioned on the first block of the next file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
asf The tape is positioned at the beginning of the count file. Positioning is done by first rewinding the tape and then spacing forward over count filemarks.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
fsr Forward space count records.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
bsr Backward space count records.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
fss (SCSI tapes) Forward space count setmarks.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
bss (SCSI tapes) Backward space count setmarks.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic backup commands ###
|
||||
|
||||
Let us see commands to backup and restore files
|
||||
@ -197,31 +199,31 @@ Let us see commands to backup and restore files
|
||||
|
||||
tar cvf /dev/rmt/0n /etc
|
||||
tar cvf /dev/st0 /etc
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 10: To restore directory (tar format) ###
|
||||
|
||||
tar xvf /dev/rmt/0n -C /path/to/restore
|
||||
tar xvf /dev/st0 -C /tmp
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 11: List or check tape contents (tar format) ###
|
||||
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind; dd if=/dev/st0 of=-
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## tar format ##
|
||||
tar tvf {DEVICE} {Directory-FileName}
|
||||
tar tvf /dev/st0
|
||||
tar tvf /dev/st0 desktop
|
||||
tar tvf /dev/rmt/0 foo > list.txt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 12: Backup partition with dump or ufsdump ###
|
||||
|
||||
## Unix backup c0t0d0s2 partition ##
|
||||
ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Linux backup /home partition ##
|
||||
dump 0uf /dev/nst0 /dev/sda5
|
||||
dump 0uf /dev/nst0 /home
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## FreeBSD backup /usr partition ##
|
||||
dump -0aL -b64 -f /dev/nsa0 /usr
|
||||
|
||||
@ -231,12 +233,12 @@ Let us see commands to backup and restore files
|
||||
ufsrestore xf /dev/rmt/0
|
||||
## Unix interactive restore ##
|
||||
ufsrestore if /dev/rmt/0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Linux ##
|
||||
restore rf /dev/nst0
|
||||
## Restore interactive from the 6th backup on the tape media ##
|
||||
restore isf 6 /dev/nst0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## FreeBSD restore ufsdump format ##
|
||||
restore -i -f /dev/nsa0
|
||||
|
||||
@ -244,10 +246,10 @@ Let us see commands to backup and restore files
|
||||
|
||||
## This will overwrite all data on tape ##
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st1 rewind
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Backup home ##
|
||||
tar cvf /dev/st1 /home
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Offline and unload tape ##
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 offline
|
||||
|
||||
@ -256,28 +258,28 @@ To restore from the beginning of the tape:
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
|
||||
tar xvf /dev/st0
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 offline
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 14: Start writing after the last tar (see fig.02) ###
|
||||
|
||||
## This will kee all data written so far ##
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st1 eom
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Backup home ##
|
||||
tar cvf /dev/st1 /home
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Unload ##
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 offline
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 15: Start writing after tar number 2 (see fig.02) ###
|
||||
|
||||
## To wrtite after tar number 2 (should be 2+1)
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 asf 3
|
||||
tar cvf /dev/st0 /usr
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## asf equivalent command done using fsf ##
|
||||
mt -f /dev/sf0 rewind
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 fsf 2
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To restore tar from tar number 2:
|
||||
|
||||
mt -f /dev/st0 asf 3
|
||||
@ -308,28 +310,28 @@ It is important that you do regular full system restorations and service testing
|
||||
# Last updated on : Feb-2007 - Added support for excluding files / dirs.
|
||||
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
LOGBASE=/root/backup/log
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Backup dirs; do not prefix /
|
||||
BACKUP_ROOT_DIR="home sales"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Get todays day like Mon, Tue and so on
|
||||
NOW=$(date +"%a")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Tape devie name
|
||||
TAPE="/dev/st0"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Exclude file
|
||||
TAR_ARGS=""
|
||||
EXCLUDE_CONF=/root/.backup.exclude.conf
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Backup Log file
|
||||
LOGFIILE=$LOGBASE/$NOW.backup.log
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Path to binaries
|
||||
TAR=/bin/tar
|
||||
MT=/bin/mt
|
||||
MKDIR=/bin/mkdir
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
# Excluding files when using tar
|
||||
# Create a file called $EXCLUDE_CONF using a text editor
|
||||
@ -338,7 +340,7 @@ It is important that you do regular full system restorations and service testing
|
||||
# home/vivek/*.cpp~
|
||||
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
[ -f $EXCLUDE_CONF ] && TAR_ARGS="-X $EXCLUDE_CONF"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Custom functions #####
|
||||
# Make a full backup
|
||||
full_backup(){
|
||||
@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ It is important that you do regular full system restorations and service testing
|
||||
$MT -f $TAPE offline
|
||||
cd $old
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Make a partial backup
|
||||
partial_backup(){
|
||||
local old=$(pwd)
|
||||
@ -359,7 +361,7 @@ It is important that you do regular full system restorations and service testing
|
||||
$MT -f $TAPE offline
|
||||
cd $old
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Make sure all dirs exits
|
||||
verify_backup_dirs(){
|
||||
local s=0
|
||||
@ -374,15 +376,15 @@ It is important that you do regular full system restorations and service testing
|
||||
# if not; just die
|
||||
[ $s -eq 1 ] && exit 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Main logic ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Make sure log dir exits
|
||||
[ ! -d $LOGBASE ] && $MKDIR -p $LOGBASE
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Verify dirs
|
||||
verify_backup_dirs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Okay let us start backup procedure
|
||||
# If it is Monday make a full backup;
|
||||
# For Tue to Fri make a partial backup
|
||||
@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ It is important that you do regular full system restorations and service testing
|
||||
Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri) partial_backup;;
|
||||
*) ;;
|
||||
esac > $LOGFIILE 2>&1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### A note about third party backup utilities ###
|
||||
|
||||
Both Linux and Unix-like system provides many third-party utilities which you can use to schedule the creation of backups including tape backups such as:
|
||||
@ -422,4 +424,4 @@ via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/hardware/unix-linux-basic-tape-management-commands
|
||||
[3]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/mtx.1.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/tar.1.html
|
||||
[5]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man8/dump.8.html
|
||||
[6]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man8/restore.8.html
|
||||
[6]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man8/restore.8.html
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user